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Saberi S, Shans N, Ghaffari S, Esmaeili M, Mohammadi M. The role of CEACAMs versus integrins in Helicobacter pylori CagA translocation: a systematic review. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105246. [PMID: 37926369 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of Helicobacter pylori CagA into host cells was long believed to occur through the integrin cell surface receptors. However, the role of CEACAM receptors has recently been highlighted, instead. Here, we have categorized the existing experimental evidence according to whether deletion, upregulation, downregulation, or inhibition of the target ligands (T4SS or HopQ) or receptors (integrins or CEACAMs), result in alterations in CagA phosphorylation, cell elongation, or IL-8 production. According to our analysis, the statistics favor the essence of most of the T4SS constituents and the involvement of HopQ adhesin in all three functions. Concerning the integrin family, the collected data is controversial, but yielding towards it being dispensable or involved in CagA translocation. Yet, regarding cell elongation, more events are showing β1 integrin being involved, than αvβ4 being inhibitory. Concerning IL-8 secretion, again there are more events showing α5, β1 and β6 integrins to be involved, than those showing inhibitory roles for β1, β4 and β6 integrins. Finally, CEACAM 1, 3, and 5 are identified as mostly essential or involved in CagA phosphorylation, whereasCEACAM 4, 7, and 8 are found dispensable and CEACAM6 is under debate. Conversely, CEACAM1, 5 and 6 appear mostly dispensable for cell elongation. Noteworthy is the choice of cell type, bacterial strain, multiplicity and duration of infection, as well as the sensitivity of the detection methods, all of which can affect the variably obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Shans
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Ghaffari
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Yang H, Mou Y, Hu B. Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12938. [PMID: 36436202 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) can persistently colonize on the gastric mucosa after infection and cause gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, and even gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Therefore, the detection and eradication of H. pylori are the prerequisite. RESULTS Clinically, there are some controversial issues, such as why H. pylori infection is persistent, why it translocases along with the lesser curvature of the stomach, why there is oxyntic antralization, what the immunological characteristic of gastric chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori is, whether H. pylori infection is associated with extra-gastric diseases, whether chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is reversible, and what the potential problems are after H. pylori eradication. What are the possible answers? CONCLUSION In the review, we will discuss these issues from the attachment to eradication in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Karska J, Kowalski S, Saczko J, Moisescu MG, Kulbacka J. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Their Role in Cancer Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:167. [PMID: 36837670 PMCID: PMC9965697 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are an inherent element in the world around us. The effects of their action can be observed both on the macro and molecular levels. They can also play a prominent role in the tissues and cells of animals due to the presence of mechanosensitive ion channels (MIChs) such as the Piezo and TRP families. They are essential in many physiological processes in the human body. However, their role in pathology has also been observed. Recent discoveries have highlighted the relationship between these channels and the development of malignant tumors. Multiple studies have shown that MIChs mediate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells via various mechanisms. This could show MIChs as new potential biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis and interesting therapeutic targets in modern oncology. Our paper is a review of the latest literature on the role of the Piezo1 and TRP families in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Research Center of Excellence in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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4
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Jia Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu L, Ma X, Liu D, Han S, Zhang L, Ling ZQ, Wang Y. DEC1 promotes progression of Helicobacter pylori-positive gastric cancer by regulating Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1943-1954. [PMID: 35122398 PMCID: PMC8980912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Differentiated embryo‐chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) is dysregulated in some cancers and may regulate cell proliferation in specific contexts. Of note, DEC1 is emerging as one of the important factors regulating cellular responses in microenvironment. However, the triggers and precise regulation mechanism for DEC1 during inflammatory carcinoma transformation of GC are unclear. In this study, we identified DEC1 was upregulated in both H. pylori‐infected gastric tissues and GC cells. DEC1 expression was positively associated with H. pylori infection status and GC progression. DEC1‐positive expression indicated a poorer prognosis in H. pylori‐positive GC. DEC1 was required for H. pylori‐induced GC cells proliferation. Mechanistically, H. pylori infection significantly activated Akt/NF‐κB signal pathway and this induction depend on DEC1 expression level in GC cells. Importantly, their interaction pathway was further verified by H. pylori‐positive gastritis mice model. Taken together, our findings identified a novel function of DEC1 in GC. H. pylori infection induce DEC1 expression, and which leading to the progression of GC through activating Akt/ NF‐κB signalling pathway. Blocking DEC1/Akt/NF‐κB, therefore, presents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for H. pylori‐positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Sharafutdinov I, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system upregulates epithelial cortactin expression by a CagA- and JNK-dependent pathway. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13376. [PMID: 34197673 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin represents an important actin-binding factor, which controls actin-cytoskeletal remodelling in host cells. In this way, cortactin has been shown to exhibit crucial functions both for cell movement and tumour cell invasion. In addition, the cortactin gene cttn is amplified in various cancer types of humans. Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of multiple gastric diseases and represents a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been repeatedly shown that H. pylori manipulates cancer-related signal transduction events in infected gastric epithelial cells such as the phosphorylation status of cortactin. In fact, H. pylori modifies the activity of cortactin's binding partners to stimulate changes in the actin-cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and motility. Here we show that H. pylori infection of cultured AGS and Caco-2 cells for 24-48 hr leads to the overexpression of cortactin by 2-3 fold at the protein level. We demonstrate that this activity requires the integrity of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) as well as the translocated effector protein CagA. We further show that ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CagA at the EPIYA-repeat region is not required, suggesting that this CagA activity proceeds in a phosphorylation-independent fashion. Inhibitor studies further demonstrate that the involved signalling pathway comprises the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but not ERK1/2 or p38. Taken together, using H. pylori as a model system, this study discovered a previously unrecognised cortactin activation cascade by a microbial pathogen. We suggest that H. pylori targets cortactin to manipulate the cellular architecture and epithelial barrier functions that can impact gastric cancer development. TAKE AWAYS: Helicobacter pylori infection induces overexpression of cortactin at the protein level Cortactin upregulation requires the T4SS and effector protein CagA Ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression Overexpression of cortactin proceeds CagA phosphorylation-independent The involved host cell signalling pathway comprises the MAP kinase JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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6
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Wang CX, Xiong HF, Wang S, Wang J, Nie X, Guo Q, Li X, Qi Y, Liu JJ, Lin B. Overexpression of TEM8 promotes ovarian cancer progression via Rac1/Cdc42/JNK and MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3557-3576. [PMID: 32774719 PMCID: PMC7407733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cell marker 8 (TEM8) is a type I transmembrane protein, that has been widely studied in the areas of anthrax toxin infection and tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of TEM8 in the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. In this study, we determined that TEM8 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer and associated with poor prognosis in EOC patients. In vitro experiments showed that TEM8 overexpression significantly promoted ovarian cancer proliferation. TEM8 overexpression also promoted the G0/G1 phase transition, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells but suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, experimental verification confirmed that TEM8 overexpression increased the expression of Ki-67, cyclin D1, Bcl2/Bax, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA and the phosphorylation of Rac1/Cdc42, JNK, MEK, ERK, and STAT3 (Ser727). Subsequently, the addition of RAC1 (EHop-016) and MEK (PD98059) pathway inhibitors suppressed malignant behaviors in the TEM8 overexpression group, which robustly indicated that TEM8 activated Rac1/Cdc42/JNK and MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, we also revealed that the transcription factor GATA2 bound to the TATTAGTTATCTTT site of the TEM8 promoter region and regulated its expression. In conclusion, our study may provide a new theoretical basis for TEM8 application as a clinical biomarker and potential target in EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning, People’s Republic of China
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7
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van Bodegraven EJ, van Asperen JV, Sluijs JA, van Deursen CBJ, van Strien ME, Stassen OMJA, Robe PAJ, Hol EM. GFAP alternative splicing regulates glioma cell-ECM interaction in a DUSP4-dependent manner. FASEB J 2019; 33:12941-12959. [PMID: 31480854 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900916r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their highly invasive character and the heterogeneity of active oncogenic pathways within single tumors complicate the development of curative therapies and cause poor patient prognosis. Glioma cells express the intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the level of its alternative splice variant GFAP-δ, relative to its canonical splice variant GFAP-α, is higher in grade IV compared with lower-grade and lower malignant glioma. In this study we show that a high GFAP-δ/α ratio induces the expression of the dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in focal adhesions. By focusing on pathways up- and downstream of DUSP4 that are involved in the cell-extracellular matrix interaction, we show that a high GFAP-δ/α ratio equips glioma cells to better invade the brain. This study supports the hypothesis that glioma cells with a high GFAP-δ/α ratio are highly invasive and more malignant cells, thus making GFAP alternative splicing a potential therapeutic target.-Van Bodegraven, E. J., van Asperen, J. V., Sluijs, J. A., van Deursen, C. B. J., van Strien, M. E., Stassen, O. M. J. A., Robe, P. A. J., Hol, E. M. GFAP alternative splicing regulates glioma cell-ECM interaction in a DUSP4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen B J van Deursen
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M J A Stassen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pierre A J Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Liu X, Chen Z, Lan T, Liang P, Tao Q. Upregulation of interleukin-8 and activin A induces osteoclastogenesis in ameloblastoma. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2329-2340. [PMID: 31017256 PMCID: PMC6488175 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a common odontogenic benign tumor located in the jaws and is characterized by severe local bone destruction. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of interactions between tumor cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on osteoclast formation in ameloblastoma. The impact of ameloblastoma/BMSC interactions on cytokine production, gene expression and osteoclastogenesis was examined using an immortalized ameloblastoma cell line that the authors' previously established. The results demonstrated that interactions between ameloblastoma cells and BMSCs increased interleukin (IL)‑8 and activin A secretion by BMSCs. IL‑8 expression in BMSCs was modulated by tumor‑derived tumor necrosis factor‑α and IL‑8 contributed to osteoclast formation not only directly but also by stimulating receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand (RANKL) expression in BMSCs. Activin A secretion in BMSCs was stimulated by ameloblastoma cells via cell‑to‑cell‑mediated activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activation, acting as a cofactor of RANKL to induce osteoclast formation and function. The present study highlights the critical role of communication between BMSCs and ameloblastoma cells in bone resorption in ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Lan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Peisheng Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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9
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Hu Y, Liu JP, Li XY, Cai Y, He C, Li NS, Xie C, Xiong ZJ, Ge ZM, Lu NH, Zhu Y. Downregulation of tumor suppressor RACK1 by Helicobacter pylori infection promotes gastric carcinogenesis through the integrin β-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:144-154. [PMID: 30849478 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) is downregulated in gastric cancer and is involved in modulating NF-κB signaling pathway activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating RACK1 expression are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that downregulated expression of RACK1 was observed in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue and was correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection downregulated RACK1 expression in concert with canonical NF-κB signaling pathway activation in vivo and in vitro. RACK1 overexpression suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway activation as well as the release of downstream proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, RACK1 downregulation increased integrin β-1 expression, while integrin β-1 silencing decreased NF-κB signaling activation. Moreover, H. pylori infection downregulated RACK1 but upregulated integrin β-1 expression at the precancerous lesion stages in human subjects. Our data indicate that H. pylori infection promotes the upregulation of integrin β-1 expression via downregulation of RACK1 expression, which subsequently leads to the elevated activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an essential step in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Juan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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10
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Marques V, Cunha B, Couto A, Sampaio P, Fonseca LP, Aleixo S, Calado CRC. Characterization of gastric cells infection by diverse Helicobacter pylori strains through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:193-202. [PMID: 30453195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The infection of Helicobacter pylori, covering 50% of the world-population, leads to diverse gastric diseases as ulcers and cancer along the life-time of the human host. To promote the discovery of biomarkers of bacterial infection, in the present work, Fourier-transform infrared spectra were acquired from adenocarcinoma gastric cells, incubated with H. pylori strains presenting different genotypes concerning the virulent factors cytotoxin associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A. Defined absorbance ratios were evaluated by diverse methods of statistical inference, according to the fulfillment of the tests assumptions. It was possible to define from the gastric cells, diverse absorbance ratios enabling to discriminate: i) The infection; ii) the bacteria genotype; and iii) the gastric disease of the patients from which the bacteria were isolated. These biomarkers could fasten the knowledge of the complex infection process while promoting a platform for a new diagnostic method, rapid but also specific and sensitive towards the diagnosis of both infection and bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Marques
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Cunha
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Couto
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sampaio
- Faculty of Engineering, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technology, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-019 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís P Fonseca
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Aleixo
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
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11
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Wu S, Zheng Q, Xing X, Dong Y, Wang Y, You Y, Chen R, Hu C, Chen J, Gao D, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Xue T, Ren Z, Cui J. Matrix stiffness-upregulated LOXL2 promotes fibronectin production, MMP9 and CXCL12 expression and BMDCs recruitment to assist pre-metastatic niche formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:99. [PMID: 29728125 PMCID: PMC5935912 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher matrix stiffness affects biological behavior of tumor cells, regulates tumor-associated gene/miRNA expression and stemness characteristic, and contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the linkage between higher matrix stiffness and pre-metastatic niche in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still largely unknown. METHODS We comparatively analyzed the expressions of LOX family members in HCC cells grown on different stiffness substrates, and speculated that the secreted LOXL2 may mediate the linkage between higher matrix stiffness and pre-metastatic niche. Subsequently, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism by which matrix stiffness induced LOXL2 expression in HCC cells, and explored the effects of LOXL2 on pre-metastatic niche formation, such as BMCs recruitment, fibronectin production, MMPs and CXCL12 expression, cell adhesion, etc. RESULTS: Higher matrix stiffness significantly upregulated LOXL2 expression in HCC cells, and activated JNK/c-JUN signaling pathway. Knockdown of integrin β1 and α5 suppressed LOXL2 expression and reversed the activation of above signaling pathway. Additionally, JNK inhibitor attenuated the expressions of p-JNK, p-c-JUN, c-JUN and LOXL2, and shRNA-c-JUN also decreased LOXL2 expression. CM-LV-LOXL2-OE and rhLOXL2 upregulated MMP9 expression and fibronectin production obviously in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, activation of Akt pathway contributed to LOXL2-induced fibronectin upregulation. LOXL2 in CM as chemoattractant increased motility and invasion of BMCs, implicating a significant role of LOXL2 in BMCs recruitment. Except that, CM-LV-LOXL2-OE as chemoattractant also increased the number of migrated HCC cells, and improved chemokine CXCL12 expression in lung fibroblasts. The number of HCC cells adhered to surface of lung fibroblasts treated with CM-LV-LOXL2-OE was remarkably higher than that of the control cells. These results indicated that the secreted LOXL2 facilitated the motility of HCC cells and strengthened CTCs settlement on the remodeled matrix "soil". CONCLUSION Integrin β1/α5/JNK/c-JUN signaling pathway participates in higher matrix stiffness-induced LOXL2 upregulation in HCC cells. The secreted LOXL2 promotes fibronectin production, MMP9 and CXCL12 expression and BMDCs recruitment to assist pre-metastatic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongdan Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang You
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongchun Xue
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Backert S, Haas R, Gerhard M, Naumann M. The Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the cag Pathogenicity Island: Architecture, Function, and Signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Williams JM, Pritchard DM. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:89-104. [PMID: 28151409 PMCID: PMC5312008 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori induces diverse human pathological conditions, including superficial gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The treatment of these conditions often relies on the eradication of H. pylori, an intervention that is increasingly difficult to achieve and that does not prevent disease progression in some contexts. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop new experimental models of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology to support novel drug development in this field. Here, we review the current status of in vivo and ex vivo models of gastric H. pylori colonization, and of Helicobacter-induced gastric pathology, focusing on models of gastric pathology induced by H. pylori, Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis in rodents and large animals. We also discuss the more recent development of gastric organoid cultures from murine and human gastric tissue, as well as from human pluripotent stem cells, and the outcomes of H. pylori infection in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jonathan M Williams
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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14
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Dykes SS, Steffan JJ, Cardelli JA. Lysosome trafficking is necessary for EGF-driven invasion and is regulated by p38 MAPK and Na+/H+ exchangers. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:672. [PMID: 28978320 PMCID: PMC5628462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor invasion through a basement membrane is one of the earliest steps in metastasis, and growth factors, such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), stimulate this process in a majority of solid tumors. Basement membrane breakdown is one of the hallmarks of invasion; therefore, tumor cells secrete a variety of proteases to aid in this process, including lysosomal proteases. Previous studies demonstrated that peripheral lysosome distribution coincides with the release of lysosomal cathepsins. Methods Immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot, and 2D and 3D cell culture techniques were performed to evaluate the effects of EGF on lysosome trafficking and cell motility and invasion. Results EGF-mediated lysosome trafficking, protease secretion, and invasion is regulated by the activity of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and sodium hydrogen exchangers (NHEs). Interestingly, EGF stimulates anterograde lysosome trafficking through a different mechanism than previously reported for HGF, suggesting that there are redundant signaling pathways that control lysosome positioning and trafficking in tumor cells. Conclusions These data suggest that EGF stimulation induces peripheral (anterograde) lysosome trafficking, which is critical for EGF-mediated invasion and protease release, through the activation of p38 MAPK and NHEs. Taken together, this report demonstrates that anterograde lysosome trafficking is necessary for EGF-mediated tumor invasion and begins to characterize the molecular mechanisms required for EGF-stimulated lysosome trafficking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3660-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Dykes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Joshua J Steffan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, 291 Campus Dr, Dickinson, ND, 58601, USA.
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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15
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Yong X, Tang B, Li BS, Xie R, Hu CJ, Luo G, Qin Y, Dong H, Yang SM. Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA promotes tumorigenesis of gastric cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 26160167 PMCID: PMC4702319 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is strongly associated with the development of gastric diseases but also with several extragastric diseases. The clinical outcomes caused by H. pylori infection are considered to be associated with a complex combination of host susceptibility, environmental factors and bacterial isolates. Infections involving H. pylori strains that possess the virulence factor CagA have a worse clinical outcome than those involving CagA-negative strains. It is remarkable that CagA-positive H. pylori increase the risk for gastric cancer over the risk associated with H. pylori infection alone. CagA behaves as a bacterial oncoprotein playing a key role in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and inactivation of tumor suppressor pathways are two crucial events in the development of gastric cancer. CagA shows the ability to affect the expression or function of vital protein in oncogenic or tumor suppressor signaling pathways via several molecular mechanisms, such as direct binding or interaction, phosphorylation of vital signaling proteins and methylation of tumor suppressor genes. As a result, CagA continuously dysregulates of these signaling pathways and promotes tumorigenesis. Recent research has enriched our understanding of how CagA effects on these signaling pathways. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant studies, discusses the complex molecular mechanism involved and attempts to delineate the entire signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Bo-Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
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16
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Ge J, Wang Y, Gao D, Ping W. Effect of small interfering RNA against Paracin 1.7 bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1-7. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1075-81. [PMID: 26011063 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei HD1-7 (CCTCCM 205015), isolated from Chinese sauerkraut fermentation broth, contains the bacteriocin Paracin 1.7 which possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The gene-silencing effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potential strategy for further understanding the mechanism of production of Paracin 1.7 by L. paracasei HD1-7. In this study, the effect of siRNA on the expression of the most important proteins in the production of Paracin 1.7, sensor kinase (prcK) and response regulator (prcR), was investigated. SiRNA were designed against prcK and prcR, and qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of prcK and prcR mRNA. The efficacy of siRNA was determined by comparing the level of antimicrobial activity of the strains. qRT-PCR showed that siRNA-K4 and siRNA-K5 significantly inhibited the expression of prcK mRNA, and siRNA-R4 and siRNA-R6 significantly inhibited the expression of prcR mRNA. The proteins levels and antibacterial activities of mutant strains were lower than the original and control groups, respectively. The results demonstrate that siRNA inhibited both mRNA expression and the production of Paracin 1.7 in L. paracasei HD1-7. Targeting of prcK and prcR with siRNA appears to be a novel strategy for researching the mechanism of Paracin 1.7 production by L. paracasei HD1-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Dongni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China
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17
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Rath S, Das L, Kokate SB, Pratheek BM, Chattopadhyay S, Goswami C, Chattopadhyay R, Crowe SE, Bhattacharyya A. Regulation of Noxa-mediated apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. FASEB J 2014; 29:796-806. [PMID: 25404713 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-257501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori induces the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1) in human gastric epithelial cells (GECs). Apoptosis of oncogenic protein Mcl1-expressing cells is mainly regulated by Noxa-mediated degradation of Mcl1. We wanted to elucidate the status of Noxa in H. pylori-infected GECs. For this, various GECs such as AGS, MKN45, and KATO III were either infected with H. pylori or left uninfected. The effect of infection was examined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, in vitro binding assay, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Infected GECs, surgical samples collected from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma as well as biopsy samples from patients infected with H. pylori showed significant up-regulation of both Mcl1 and Noxa compared with noninfected samples. Coexistence of Mcl1 and Noxa was indicative of an impaired Mcl-Noxa interaction. We proved that Noxa was phosphorylated at Ser(13) residue by JNK in infected GECs, which caused cytoplasmic retention of Noxa. JNK inhibition enhanced Mcl1-Noxa interaction in the mitochondrial fraction of infected cells, whereas overexpression of nonphosphorylatable Noxa resulted in enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the infected epithelium. Because phosphorylation-dephosphorylation can regulate the apoptotic function of Noxa, this could be a potential target molecule for future treatment approaches for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasmita Rath
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lopamudra Das
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - B M Pratheek
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chandan Goswami
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ranajoy Chattopadhyay
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sheila Eileen Crowe
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Glowinski F, Holland C, Thiede B, Jungblut PR, Meyer TF. Analysis of T4SS-induced signaling by H. pylori using quantitative phosphoproteomics. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:356. [PMID: 25101063 PMCID: PMC4102909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen colonizing the human stomach. Infection with H. pylori causes chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and may lead to peptic ulceration and/or gastric cancer. A major virulence determinant of H. pylori is the type IV secretion system (T4SS), which is used to inject the virulence factor CagA into the host cell, triggering a wide range of cellular signaling events. Here, we used a phosphoproteomic approach to investigate tyrosine signaling in response to host-pathogen interaction, using stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC) of AGS cells to obtain a differential picture between multiple infection conditions. Cells were infected with wild type H. pylori P12, a P12Δ CagA deletion mutant, and a P12Δ PAI deletion mutant to compare signaling changes over time and in the absence of CagA or the T4SS. Tryptic peptides were enriched for tyrosine (Tyr) phosphopeptides and analyzed by nano-LC-Orbitrap MS. In total, 85 different phosphosites were found to be regulated following infection. The majority of phosphosites identified were kinases of the MAPK family. CagA and the T4SS were found to be key regulators of Tyr phosphosites. Our findings indicate that CagA primarily induces activation of ERK1 and integrin-linked factors, whereas the T4SS primarily modulates JNK and p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frithjof Glowinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway ; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter R Jungblut
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin, Germany
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19
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Yang XN, Lu YP, Liu JJ, Huang JK, Liu YP, Xiao CX, Jazag A, Ren JL, Guleng B. Piezo1 is as a novel trefoil factor family 1 binding protein that promotes gastric cancer cell mobility in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1428-35. [PMID: 24798994 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) is a member of the TFF-domain peptide family involved in epithelial restitution and cell motility. Recently, we screened Piezo1 as a candidate TFF1-binding protein. AIM We aimed to confirm Piezo1 as a novel TFF1 binding protein and to assess the role of this interaction in mediating gastric cancer cell mobility. METHODS This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localisation of TFF1 and Piezo1 in GES-1 cells. We used stable RNA interference to knockdown Piezo1 protein expression and restored the expression of TFF1 in the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823. Cell motility was evaluated using invasion assay and migration assay in vitro. The expression levels of the integrin subunits β1, β5, α1 as well as the expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot. RESULTS We demonstrate that TFF1, but not TFF2 or TFF3, bind to and co-localize with Piezo1 in the cytoplasm in vitro. TFF1 interacts with the C-terminal portion of the Piezo1 protein. Wound healing and trans-well assays demonstrated that the restored expression of TFF1 promoted cell mobility in gastric cancer cells, and this effect was attenuated by the knockdown of Piezo1. Western blots demonstrated the decreased expression of integrin β1 in Piezo1-knockdown cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that Piezo1 is a novel TFF1 binding protein that is important for TFF1-mediated cell migration and suggest that this interaction may be a therapeutic target in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian Province, China
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20
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Five-year monitoring of considerable changes in tyrosine phosphorylation motifs of the Helicobacter pylori cagA gene in Iran. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:417-22. [PMID: 24771298 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CagA is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori involved in host cell modulation. The C-terminal part of CagA containing the EPIYA motifs is highly variable and is important for the biological activity of the protein. The aim of this study was consideration of the changes in cagA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs) of H. pylori. A set of 302 H. pylori DNA samples from the Iranian population from 2006 to 2011 was selected for the proposed study. The cagA gene and its TPMs were assessed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. The prevalence of the cagA gene in our study ranged from 91.43% to 97.06% (with an average of 95.03%). Out of the cagA-positive samples, the prevalence of TPMs A and B increased from 12.5% and 23.44% to 71.2% and 63.63%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of samples infected with Western and East Asian types of H. pylori ranged from 64.06% to 5.73% for the Western type and 17.19% to 51.59% for the East Asian type. Overall, our results showed a high prevalence of the cagA gene. Also, it seems that cagA TPMs of H. pylori is undergoing a change from the Western type to the East Asian type in Iran.
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Stampolidis P, Ullrich A, Iacobelli S. LGALS3BP, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein, promotes oncogenic cellular events impeded by antibody intervention. Oncogene 2013; 34:39-52. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress relies on activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and induction of autophagy. Indeed, cells die if ER stress is not countered by the UPR. Here we show in U937 cells that the ER stressors tunicamycin and thapsigargin cause increased expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2), which allows regulation of the UPR, whose silencing or pharmacological inhibition delays BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) upregulation, and causes earlier and greater expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, we show that pharmacological inhibition or silencing of JNK2 causes accumulation of both p62 and the acidic compartment, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. Our results reveal that JNK2 prevents accumulation of the acidic compartment in U937 cells undergoing autophagic flux and, by this mechanism, it keeps stressed cells alive. Our findings highlight a potential role for JNK2 in tumor cell survival, senescence and neurodegenerative diseases, in which ER stress, autophagy and lysosome activity are known to interplay.
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Gorrell RJ, Guan J, Xin Y, Tafreshi MA, Hutton ML, McGuckin MA, Ferrero RL, Kwok T. A novel NOD1- and CagA-independent pathway of interleukin-8 induction mediated by the Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system. Cell Microbiol 2012; 15:554-70. [PMID: 23107019 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The type IV secretion system (T4SS) of Helicobacter pylori triggers massive inflammatory responses during gastric infection by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we provide evidence for a novel pathway by which the T4SS structural component, CagL, induces secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) independently of CagA translocation and peptidoglycan-sensing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) signalling. Recombinant CagL was sufficient to trigger IL-8 secretion, requiring activation of α5 β1 integrin and the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif in CagL. Mutation of the encoded RGD motif to arginine-glycine-alanine (RGA) in the cagL gene of H. pylori abrogated its ability to induce IL-8. Comparison of IL-8 induction between H. pylori ΔvirD4 strains bearing wild-type or mutant cagL indicates that CagL-dependent IL-8 induction can occur independently of CagA translocation. In line with this notion, exogenous CagL complemented H. pylori ΔcagL mutant in activating NF-κB and inducing IL-8 without restoring CagA translocation. The CagA translocation-independent, CagL-dependent IL-8 induction involved host signalling via integrin α5 β1 , Src kinase, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and NF-κB but was independent of NOD1. Our findings reveal a novel pathway whereby CagL, via interaction with host integrins, can trigger pro-inflammatory responses independently of CagA translocation or NOD1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Gorrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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24
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Lee YC, Chang AY, Lin-Feng MH, Tsou WI, Chiang IH, Lai MZ. Paxillin phosphorylation by JNK and p38 is required for NFAT activation. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2165-75. [PMID: 22865050 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is an adaptor protein associated with focal adhesion complex, and is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase. Recent studies reveal that serine phosphorylation of paxillin by JNK and p38 MAPK is essential for cell migration or neurite extension, but their cellular targets remain unclear. In this study, we examined the requirement of paxillin phosphorylation by p38 MAPK or JNK in T-cell motility and activation using paxillin mutants at the respective phosphorylation sites, Ser85, and Ser178. (S85A)-paxillin, (S178A)-paxillin, or (S85A/S178A)-paxillin inhibited the motility of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, but did not interfere with T-cell migration and integrin-mediated T-cell adhesion. In contrast, activation of T cells was effectively suppressed by (S85A/S178A)-paxillin. Transgenic (S85A/S178A)-paxillin expression inhibited T-cell proliferation and reduced the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4. In searching for signals modulated by (S85A/S178A)-paxillin, we found that NFAT activation was specifically blocked by (S85A/S178A)-paxillin. This could be partly attributed to diminished stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) expression and attenuated TCR-induced Ca(2+) influx. Our results demonstrate that dual phosphorylation of paxillin by JNK and p38 MAPK is essential for T-cell activation and suggest that NFAT is a functional target of the JNK/p38 phosphorylated paxillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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25
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Wandler AM, Guillemin K. Transgenic expression of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA promotes apoptosis or tumorigenesis through JNK activation in Drosophila. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002939. [PMID: 23093933 PMCID: PMC3475654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer development is strongly correlated with infection by Helicobacter pylori possessing the effector protein CagA. Using a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model, we show that CagA expression in the simple model epithelium of the larval wing imaginal disc causes dramatic tissue perturbations and apoptosis when CagA-expressing and non-expressing cells are juxtaposed. This cell death phenotype occurs through activation of JNK signaling and is enhanced by loss of the neoplastic tumor suppressors in CagA-expressing cells or loss of the TNF homolog Eiger in wild type neighboring cells. We further explored the effects of CagA-mediated JNK pathway activation on an epithelium in the context of oncogenic Ras activation, using a Drosophila model of metastasis. In this model, CagA expression in epithelial cells enhances the growth and invasion of tumors in a JNK-dependent manner. These data suggest a potential role for CagA-mediated JNK pathway activation in promoting gastric cancer progression. The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori infects an estimated 50% of the world's population and is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Strains of H. pylori that can inject the CagA effector protein into host cells are known to be more virulent, but the potential contributions of host genetics to pathogenesis are not well-understood. Using transgenic Drosophila melanogaster, we show that the genetic context of both the host cells in which CagA is expressed and their neighboring cells changes CagA's effects on epithelial tissue. When CagA is expressed in a subset of cells within an epithelium, it disrupts tissue integrity and induces apoptosis through activation of JNK signaling, a pathway that functions to remove aberrant cells from an epithelium. CagA's proapoptotic effects are inhibited by neoplastic tumor suppressor genes in CagA-expressing cells, and by the tumor necrosis factor homolog Eiger in neighboring cells. In contrast, when CagA is coexpressed with oncogenic Ras in a Drosophila model of metastasis, it enhances the growth and invasion of tumors in a JNK-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates how changes in host genetics can cooperate with activation of JNK signaling by the bacterial virulence factor CagA to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica M Wandler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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26
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Chiba T, Marusawa H, Ushijima T. Inflammation-associated cancer development in digestive organs: mechanisms and roles for genetic and epigenetic modulation. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:550-563. [PMID: 22796521 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, regardless of infectious agents, plays important roles in the development of various cancers, particularly in digestive organs, including Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, and colitis-associated colon cancers. Cancer development is characterized by stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations of various proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. During chronic inflammation, infectious agents such as H pylori and hepatitis C virus as well as intrinsic mediators of inflammatory responses, including proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, can induce genetic and epigenetic changes, including point mutations, deletions, duplications, recombinations, and methylation of various tumor-related genes through various mechanisms. Furthermore, inflammation also modulates the expressions of microRNAs that influence the production of several tumor-related messenger RNAs or proteins. These molecular events induced by chronic inflammation work in concert to alter important pathways involved in normal cellular function, and hence accelerate inflammation-associated cancer development. Among these, recent studies highlighted an important role of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, a nucleotide-editing enzyme essential for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination of the immunoglobulin gene, as a genomic modulator in inflammation-associated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Wessler S, Gimona M, Rieder G. Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in Helicobacter pylori-induced migration and invasive growth of gastric epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:27. [PMID: 22044652 PMCID: PMC3214149 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is a significant hallmark of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected gastric epithelial cells leading to cell migration and invasive growth. Considering the cellular mechanisms, the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and the effector protein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) of H. pylori are well-studied initiators of distinct signal transduction pathways in host cells targeting kinases, adaptor proteins, GTPases, actin binding and other proteins involved in the regulation of the actin lattice. In this review, we summarize recent findings of how H. pylori functionally interacts with the complex signaling network that controls the actin cytoskeleton of motile and invasive gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Wessler
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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28
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Gobert AP, Asim M, Piazuelo MB, Verriere T, Scull BP, de Sablet T, Glumac A, Lewis ND, Correa P, Peek RM, Chaturvedi R, Wilson KT. Disruption of nitric oxide signaling by Helicobacter pylori results in enhanced inflammation by inhibition of heme oxygenase-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5370-9. [PMID: 21987660 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A strong cellular cross-talk exists between the pathogen Helicobacter pylori and high-output NO production. However, how NO and H. pylori interact to signal in gastric epithelial cells and modulate the innate immune response is unknown. We show that chemical or cellular sources of NO induce the anti-inflammatory effector heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in gastric epithelial cells through a pathway that requires NF-κB. However, H. pylori decreases NO-induced NF-κB activation, thereby inhibiting HO-1 expression. This inhibitory effect of H. pylori results from activation of the transcription factor heat shock factor-1 by the H. pylori virulence factor CagA and by the host signaling molecules ERK1/2 and JNK. Consistent with these findings, HO-1 is downregulated in gastric epithelial cells of patients infected with cagA(+) H. pylori but not in gastric epithelial cells of patients infected with cagA(-) H. pylori. Enhancement of HO-1 activity in infected cells or in H. pylori-infected mice inhibits chemokine generation and reduces inflammation. These data define a mechanism by which H. pylori favors its own pathogenesis by inhibiting HO-1 induction through the action of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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29
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Tabassam FH, Graham DY, Yamaoka Y. Paxillin is a novel cellular target for converging Helicobacter pylori-induced cellular signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G601-11. [PMID: 21757638 PMCID: PMC3191551 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00375.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Paxillin is involved in the regulation of Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric epithelial cell motility. We investigated the signaling pathways regulating H. pylori-induced paxillin phosphorylation and the effect of the H. pylori virulence factors cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and outer inflammatory protein (OipA) on actin stress fiber formation, cell phenotype, and IL-8 production. Gastric cell infection with live H. pylori induced site-specific phosphorylation of paxillin tyrosine (Y) 31 and Y118 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Activated paxillin localized in the cytoplasm at the tips of H. pylori-induced actin stress fibers. Isogenic oipA mutants significantly reduced paxillin phosphorylation at Y31 and Y118 and reduced actin stress fiber formation. In contrast, cag PAI mutants only inhibited paxillin Y118 phosphorylation. Silencing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or protein kinase B (Akt) expression by small-interfering RNAs or inhibiting kinase activity of EGFR, Src, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) markedly reduced H. pylori-induced paxillin phosphorylation and morphologic alterations. Reduced FAK expression or lack of Src kinase activity suppressed H. pylori-induced IL-8 production. Compared with infection with the wild type, infection with the cag PAI mutant and oipA mutant reduced IL-8 production by nearly 80 and 50%. OipA-induced IL-8 production was FAK- and Src-dependent, although a FAK/Src-independent pathway for IL-8 production also exists, and the cag PAI may be mainly involved in this pathway. We propose paxillin as a novel cellular target for converging H. pylori-induced EGFR, FAK/Src, and PI3K/Akt signaling to regulate cytoskeletal reorganization and IL-8 production in part, thus contributing to the H. pylori-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal H. Tabassam
- 1Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - David Y. Graham
- 1Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- 1Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and ,2Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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30
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Snider JL, Cardelli JA. Helicobacter pylori induces cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. J Carcinog 2011; 8:7. [PMID: 19439912 PMCID: PMC2687142 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.50892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-Met, is strongly implicated in late-stage cancer progression and poor patient prognosis. The stomach pathogen, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), was recently proposed to stimulate c-Met phosphorylation dependent upon interaction of c-Met with the bacterial CagA protein required for H. pylori-induced cancer cell motility and invasion. Materials and Methods: In this report, we employed short hairpin RNA (shRNA), western blot analysis using antibodies recognizing phosphorylation at discrete c-Met residues, and immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the CagA-c-Met interaction. Results: The data showed that shRNA-mediated c-Met knockdown did not reduce H. pylori-induced cell motility, suggesting that c-Met was not required for motility. Surprisingly, c-Met knockdown did not reduce the level of an H. pylori-induced protein recognized by a phospho-c-Met antibody. This 125 kD protein was 10 kD smaller than c-Met, suggesting that H. pylori did not phosphorylate c-Met but cross-reacted with another protein. This hypothesis was confirmed when c-Met phosphorylation inhibitors did not lower the levels of the bacteria-induced 125 kD protein, and c-Met immunoprecipitation (IP) did not detect this 125 kD protein from H. pylori-treated lysates. This protein was identified as a product of antibody cross reactivity with phosphorylated CagA. We also confirmed that CagA interacts with c-Met, but this interaction may have caused previous authors to misinterpret phosphorylated CagA as c-Met phosphorylation. Finally, pretreatment with the proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, caused prolonged HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation and facilitated a CagA-negative H. pylori to stimulate AGS cell motility, suggesting that sustained c-Met phosphorylation compensates for the loss of CagA-dependent signaling. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that H. pylori stimulates cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. We further hypothesize that although H. pylori does not target c-Met, the bacteria may still utilize c-Met effector signaling to stimulate CagA-independent cancer cell motility, which may provide a further mechanism of H. pylori-dependent gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Snider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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31
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Eberle KE, Sansing HA, Szaniszlo P, Resto VA, Berrier AL. Carcinoma matrix controls resistance to cisplatin through talin regulation of NF-kB. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21496. [PMID: 21720550 PMCID: PMC3123362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix factors within the tumor microenvironment that control resistance to chemotherapeutics are poorly understood. This study focused on understanding matrix adhesion pathways that control the oral carcinoma response to cisplatin. Our studies revealed that adhesion of HN12 and JHU012 oral carcinomas to carcinoma matrix supported tumor cell proliferation in response to treatment with cisplatin. Proliferation in response to 30 µM cisplatin was not observed in HN12 cells adherent to other purified extracellular matrices such as Matrigel, collagen I, fibronectin or laminin I. Integrin β1 was important for adhesion to carcinoma matrix to trigger proliferation after treatment with cisplatin. Disruption of talin expression in HN12 cells adherent to carcinoma matrix increased cisplatin induced proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine signaling events required for talin deficiency to regulate cisplatin induced proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kB reduced proliferation of talin-deficient HN12 cells treated with 30 µM cisplatin. Nuclear NF-kB activity was assayed in HN12 cells using a luciferase reporter of NF-kB transcriptional activity. Nuclear NF-kB activity was similar in HN12 cells adherent to carcinoma matrix and collagen I when treated with vehicle DMSO. Following treatment with 30 µM cisplatin, NF-kB activity is maintained in cells adherent to carcinoma matrix whereas NF-kB activity is reduced in collagen I adherent cells. Expression of talin was sufficient to trigger proliferation of HN12 cells adherent to collagen I following treatment with 1 and 30 µM cisplatin. Talin overexpression was sufficient to trigger NF-kB activity following treatment with cisplatin in carcinoma matrix adherent HN12 cells in a process disrupted by FAK siRNA. Thus, adhesions within the carcinoma matrix create a matrix environment in which exposure to cisplatin induces proliferation through the function of integrin β1, talin and FAK pathways that regulate NF-kB nuclear activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Eberle
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hope A. Sansing
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Peter Szaniszlo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vicente A. Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical Branch Health, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allison L. Berrier
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Ishijima N, Suzuki M, Ashida H, Ichikawa Y, Kanegae Y, Saito I, Borén T, Haas R, Sasakawa C, Mimuro H. BabA-mediated adherence is a potentiator of the Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system activity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25256-64. [PMID: 21596743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa with translocation of the bacterial cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) effector protein via the cag-Type IV secretion system (TFSS) into host epithelial cells are major risk factors for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancer. The blood group antigen-binding adhesin BabA mediates the adherence of H. pylori to ABO/Lewis b (Le(b)) blood group antigens in the gastric pit region of the human stomach mucosa. Here, we show both in vitro and in vivo that BabA-mediated binding of H. pylori to Le(b) on the epithelial surface augments TFSS-dependent H. pylori pathogenicity by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines and precancer-related factors. We successfully generated Le(b)-positive cell lineages by transfecting Le(b)-negative cells with several glycosyltransferase genes. Using these established cell lines, we found increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (CCL5 and IL-8) as well as precancer-related factors (CDX2 and MUC2) after the infection of Le(b)-positive cells with WT H. pylori but not with babA or TFSS deletion mutants. This increased mRNA expression was abrogated when Le(b)-negative cells were infected with WT H. pylori. Thus, H. pylori can exploit BabA-Le(b) binding to trigger TFSS-dependent host cell signaling to induce the transcription of genes that enhance inflammation, development of intestinal metaplasia, and associated precancerous transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ishijima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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33
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Puttamreddy S, Minion FC. Linkage between cellular adherence and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 315:46-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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34
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Allison CC, Ferrero RL. Role of virulence factors and host cell signaling in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori and the generation of immune responses. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:1233-55. [PMID: 20722601 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes a large proportion of the world's population, with infection invariably leading to chronic, lifelong gastritis. While the infection often persists undiagnosed and without causing severe pathology, there are a number of host, bacterial and environmental factors that can influence whether infection provokes a mild inflammatory response or results in significant morbidity. Intriguingly, the most virulent H. pylori strains appear to deliberately induce the epithelial signaling cascades responsible for activating the innate immune system. While the reason for this remains unclear, the resulting adaptive immune responses are largely ineffective in clearing the bacterium once infection has become established and, as a result, inflammation likely causes more damage to the host itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C Allison
- Centre for Innate Immunity & Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.
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35
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Peek RM, Fiske C, Wilson KT. Role of innate immunity in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric malignancy. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:831-58. [PMID: 20664074 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the majority of persons worldwide, and the ensuing gastric inflammatory response is the strongest singular risk factor for peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. However, only a fraction of colonized individuals ever develop clinically significant outcomes. Disease risk is combinatorial and can be modified by bacterial factors, host responses, and/or specific interactions between host and microbe. Several H. pylori constituents that are required for colonization or virulence have been identified, and their ability to manipulate the host innate immune response will be the focus of this review. Identification of bacterial and host mediators that augment disease risk has profound ramifications for both biomedical researchers and clinicians as such findings will not only provide mechanistic insights into inflammatory carcinogenesis but may also serve to identify high-risk populations of H. pylori-infected individuals who can then be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA.
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36
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Cho SO, Lim JW, Jun JH, Kim KH, Kim H. Helicobacter pylori in a Korean isolate expressed proteins differentially in human gastric epithelial cells. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:1550-64. [PMID: 19672714 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proteins expressed in gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may determine the clinical outcome such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. The present study aims to determine the differentially expressed proteins in human gastric epithelial AGS cells that were infected with H. pylori in a Korean isolate, a cagA+, vacA s1b m2 iceA1 H. pylori by proteomic analysis. The differentially expressed proteins, whose expression levels were more or less than twofold in H. pylori-infected cells, were analyzed. RESULTS Ten proteins (chromatin assembly factor-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, 14-3-3 protein tau, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, heat-shock protein 90beta, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, prohibitin, triosephosphate isomerase, protein disulfide isomerase) were up-regulated while eight proteins (heat-shock gp96 precursor, nucleophosmin, ornithine aminotransferase, Ku70, L-arginine-glycine amidinotransferase, Smad anchor for receptor activation, ADP-ribosylation factor, WD repeat-containing protein isoform 1) were down-regulated by H. pylori infection in AGS cells. These proteins are related to cell proliferation, cell adhesion, carcinogenesis, cell-defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, membrane trafficking, and energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and membrane trafficking may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases including cancer associated with H. pylori in a Korean isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Puttamreddy S, Cornick NA, Minion FC. Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis reveals a role for pO157 genes in biofilm development in Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2377-84. [PMID: 20351142 PMCID: PMC2876562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00156-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, a world-wide human food-borne pathogen, causes mild to severe diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The ability of this pathogen to persist in the environment contributes to its dissemination to a wide range of foods and food processing surfaces. Biofilms are thought to be involved in persistence, but the process of biofilm formation is complex and poorly understood in E. coli O157:H7. To better understand the genetics of this process, a mini-Tn5 transposon insertion library was constructed in strain EDL933 and screened for biofilm-negative mutants using a microtiter plate assay. Ninety-five of 11,000 independent insertions (0.86%) were biofilm negative, and transposon insertions were located in 51 distinct genes/intergenic regions that must be involved either directly or indirectly in biofilm formation. All of the 51 biofilm-negative mutants showed reduced biofilm formation on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Thirty-six genes were unique to this study, including genes on the virulence plasmid pO157. The type V secreted autotransporter serine protease EspP and the enterohemolysin translocator EhxD were found to be directly involved in biofilm formation. In addition, EhxD and EspP were also important for adherence to T84 intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting a role for these genes in tissue interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supraja Puttamreddy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine and Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Nancy A. Cornick
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine and Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - F. Chris Minion
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine and Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Cho SO, Lim JW, Kim KH, Kim H. Involvement of Ras and AP-1 in Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS in gastric epithelial AGS cells. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:988-96. [PMID: 19495976 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The genetic differences of H. pylori isolates play a role in the clinical outcome of the infection. Inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in H. pylori gastritis. Transcription factor AP-1 is composed of c-Fos and c-Jun and mediates inflammation and carcinogenesis. Ras acts as a regulator for AP-1 activation in various cells. We investigated whether H. pylori in a Korean isolate (HP99), a cagA ( + ), vacA ( + ) strain, induces the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun for AP-1 activation to induce COX-2 and iNOS and whether HP99-induced expressions of COX-2 and iNOS are mediated by Ras and AP-1, determined by the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun, in gastric epithelial AGS cells, using transfection with mutant genes for Ras (ras N-17) and c-Jun (TAM-67). As a result, HP99 induced the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun and the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS in AGS cells. Transfection with mutant genes for Ras or c-Jun suppressed HP99-induced expressions of COX-2 and iNOS in AGS cells. In conclusion, H. pylori in a Korean isolate induces the expression of COX-2 and iNOS via AP-1 activation, which may be mediated by Ras and the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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Lim JW, Kim KH, Kim H. alphaPix interacts with Helicobacter pylori CagA to induce IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 44:1166-72. [PMID: 19672789 DOI: 10.1080/00365520903144398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori CagA, translocated into gastric epithelial cells, induces IL-8 expression through the signalling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). We previously demonstrated that CagA interacts with host alphaPix. The present study was purposed to determine the role of the interaction of alphaPix with CagA on the signalling pathways for IL-8 expression in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS H. pylori HP99 strain (CagA+, VacA+) was infected to gastric epithelial AGS cells transfected with non-targeting (NT) or alphaPix- targeting siRNA. Activation of signalling molecules including p21-activated kinase (PAK), ERK and NF-kappaB, and expression of IL-8 in the cells were assessed. RESULTS H. pylori CagA was delivered into AGS cells and then interacted with alphaPix at 4 h following H. pylori infection. PAK1, ERK and NF-kappaB were activated in the cells containing NT and alphaPix siRNA at 1-2 h following H. pylori infection. However, after 4 h, the time when CagA was delivered into the cells, the activations of PAK1, ERK and NF-kappaB were inhibited by down-regulation of alphaPix using siRNA but not by NT siRNA. The results indicate that alphaPix is required for H. pylori-mediated signalling of PAK1, ERK and NF-kappaB. Additionally, alphaPix siRNA suppressed IL-8 induction after translocation of CagA into the cells, indicating that interaction of CagA with alphaPix is critical for CagA-mediating signalling for IL-8 expression. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of alphaPix with CagA activates PAK1, ERK and NF-kappaB, which induces IL-8 expression in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Weon Lim
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Activin A promotes multiple myeloma-induced osteolysis and is a promising target for myeloma bone disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:5124-9. [PMID: 20194748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911929107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of cancer-related bone disease is crucial to the discovery of new therapies. Here we identify activin A, a TGF-beta family member, as a therapeutically amenable target exploited by multiple myeloma (MM) to alter its microenvironmental niche favoring osteolysis. Increased bone marrow plasma activin A levels were found in MM patients with osteolytic disease. MM cell engagement of marrow stromal cells enhanced activin A secretion via adhesion-mediated JNK activation. Activin A, in turn, inhibited osteoblast differentiation via SMAD2-dependent distal-less homeobox-5 down-regulation. Targeting activin A by a soluble decoy receptor reversed osteoblast inhibition, ameliorated MM bone disease, and inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo humanized MM model, setting the stage for testing in human clinical trials.
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Allison CC, Kufer TA, Kremmer E, Kaparakis M, Ferrero RL. Helicobacter pylori induces MAPK phosphorylation and AP-1 activation via a NOD1-dependent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:8099-109. [PMID: 20007577 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori rapidly activates MAPKs and transcription factors, NF-kappaB and AP-1, in gastric epithelial cells following host attachment. Activation of these signal transducers is largely dependent on the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded Type IV Secretion System. H. pylori was shown to translocate peptidoglycan through the Type IV Secretion System, which is recognized by the pathogen recognition molecule, NOD1, thus resulting in NF-kappaB activation. The mechanisms of H. pylori-induced MAPK and AP-1 activation, however, are less well defined and therefore, we assessed the contribution of NOD1 to their activation. For this, we used gastric epithelial cell lines, stably expressing siRNA to either NOD1 or a control gene. In siNOD1-expressing cells stimulated with cagPAI(+) H. pylori, we observed significant reductions in p38 and ERK phosphorylation (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of Jnk phosphorylation remained unchanged. Consistent with a previous report, however, we were able to demonstrate NOD1-dependent Jnk phosphorylation by the invasive pathogen Shigella flexneri, highlighting pathogen-specific host responses to infection. We also show that NOD1 was essential for H. pylori induction of not only NF-kappaB, but also AP-1 activation, implying that NOD1 induces robust proinflammatory responses, in an attempt to rapidly control infection. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced IL-8 production in response to H. pylori, further emphasizing the importance of MAPKs in innate immune responses to the pathogen. Thus, for the first time we have shown the important role for NOD1 in MAPK and AP-1 activation in response to cagPAI(+) H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C Allison
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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42
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects almost half of the population worldwide and represents the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases, such as duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, autoimmune gastritis, and B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Helicobacter pylori induces the activation of a complex and fascinating cytokine and chemokine network in the gastric mucosa. Different bacterial and environmental factors, other concomitant infections, and host genetics may influence the balance between mucosal tolerance and inflammation in the course of H. pylori infection. An inverse association between H. pylori prevalence and the frequencies of asthma and allergies was demonstrated, and the neutrophil activating protein of H. pylori was shown to inhibit the allergic inflammation of bronchial asthma. During the last year, significant progress was made on the road to the first efficient vaccine for H. pylori that will represent a novel and very important bullet against both infection and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence, Italy.
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Fischer W, Prassl S, Haas R. Virulence Mechanisms and Persistence Strategies of the Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 337:129-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Selective upregulation of endothelial E-selectin in response to Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Infect Immun 2009; 77:3109-16. [PMID: 19414551 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01460-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial pathogens, infecting up to 50% of the world's population. The host is not able to clear the infection, leading to life-long chronic inflammation with continuous infiltration of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The migration of leukocytes from the blood into inflamed tissue is dependent on adhesion molecules expressed on the vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of H. pylori-induced gastritis with regard to the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the gastric mucosa and compare this to other types of chronic mucosal inflammations. Our results demonstrate an increased level of expression of the adhesion molecule E-selectin, but not of intracellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, or vascular adhesion protein 1, in H. pylori-induced gastritis but not in gastritis induced by acetylsalicylic acid or pouchitis. The upregulated E-selectin expression was determined to be localized to the gastric mucosa rather than being a systemic response to the infection. Moreover, the H. pylori type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) was found to be an important determinant for the upregulation of human endothelial E-selectin expression in vitro, and this process is probably dependent on the CagL protein, mediating binding to alpha5beta1 integrins. Thus, endothelial E-selectin expression induced by H. pylori probably contributes to the large influx of neutrophils and macrophages seen in infected individuals, and our results suggest that this process may be more pronounced in patients infected with cagPAI-positive H. pylori strains and may thereby contribute to tissue damage in these individuals.
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Yu XW, Dong NN, Gong YH, Xu Q, Yuan Y. In situ detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and precancerous diseases and its significance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:3740-3745. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i33.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the distribution of H pylori infection in gastric cancer and precancerous diseases and the role of H pylori infection in the incidence and differentiation of gastric cancer, as well as the clinical value of H pylori infection detection using immunohistochemical method.
METHODS: Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa in various diseases were randomly selected from 327 cases in Zhuanghe region in Liaoning Province, including 63 cases of superficial gastritis, 62 cases of atrophic gastritis and 202 cases of gastric cancer. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure the density of H pylori infection in gastric mucosa and mucus.
RESULTS: The H pylori colonization status was higher in superficial gastritis group or in atrophic gastritis than gastric cancer group (χ2 = 96.998, 87.542, both P < 0.01), while the status was lower in gastric cancer group than peri-cancer mucosa (χ2 = 5.378, P < 0.01), higher in the intestinal gastric cancer group than in diffused gastric cancer (χ2 = 19.253, P< 0.01). When H pylori density score was ≤ 2, the H pylori free status in superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis were lower than that of gastric cancer (χ2 = 6.526, 6.218, both P < 0.01), and when H pylori density score > 2, it was higher in superficial gastritis group or atrophic gastritis group than in gastric cancer group (χ2 = 20.252, 46.248, both P < 0.01), it was higher in atrophic gastritis than in superficial gastritis (χ2 = 4.746, P < 0.05), and it was higher in the intestinal gastric cancer than in diffused gastric cancer (χ2 = 6.784, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The H pylori distribution is higher in superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis than in gastric cancer, lower in gastric cancer than in peri-cancer mucosa, higher in the intestinal gastric cancer than in diffused one. There is no significant difference in the free H pylori density score between gastric cancer tissue and peri-cancer mucosa. Immunohistochemical detection of H pylori is better than HE staining.
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Abstract
Individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori, a stomach colonizing bacteria, have an increased risk of developing gastric malignancies. The risk for developing cancer relates to the physiologic and histologic changes that H. pylori infection induces in the stomach. In the last year numerous studies have been conducted in order to characterize the association between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. These studies range from epidemiologic approaches aiming at the identification of environmental, host genetic, and bacterial factors associated with risk of gastric cancer, to molecular and cell biology approaches aiming at understanding the interaction between H. pylori and the transforming epithelial cell. In this review an account of the last year's research activity on the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Carlos Ferreira
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - José Carlos Machado
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
The clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection is determined by a complex scenario of interactions between the bacterium and the host. The main bacterial factors associated with colonization and pathogenicity comprise outer membrane proteins including BabA, SabA, OipA, AlpA/B, as well as the virulence factors CagA in the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. The multitude of these proteins and allelic variation makes it extremely difficult to test the contribution of each individual factor. Much effort has been put into identifying the mechanism associated with H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis. Interaction between bacterial factors such as CagA and host signal transduction pathways seems to be critical for mediating the induction of membrane dynamics, actin-cytoskeletal rearrangements and the disruption of cell-to-cell junctions as well as proliferative, pro-inflammatory and antiapoptotic nuclear responses. An animal model using the Mongolian gerbil is a useful system to study the gastric pathology of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, IMSS, Mexico
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Schneider S, Weydig C, Wessler S. Targeting focal adhesions:Helicobacter pylori-host communication in cell migration. Cell Commun Signal 2008; 6:2. [PMID: 18684322 PMCID: PMC2517590 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly dynamic integrin-based focal adhesions provide an important structural basis for anchoring the cellular actin cytoskeleton to the surrounding extracellular matrix. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) directly targets integrins with drastic consequences on the epithelial cell morphology and migration, which might contribute to the disruption of the gastric epithelium in vivo. In this review, we summarize the recent findings concerning the complex mechanism through which H. pylori interferes with host integrin signaling thereby deregulating focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton of motile epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schneider
- Junior Research Group, Paul-Ehrlich Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
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Wessler S, Backert S. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-barrier disruption by Helicobacter pylori. Trends Microbiol 2008; 16:397-405. [PMID: 18619844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intact intercellular junctions and cell-matrix contacts are important structures in the formation and maintenance of epithelial-barrier functions against microbes. The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori developed a remarkable network of strategies to alter these epithelial cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, which are implicated in inflammation, proliferation, cell migration and invasive growth. This review focuses on recent findings on H. pylori-induced host-cell signaling. We propose a stepwise model for how H. pylori interacts with components of focal adhesions and intercellular tight and adherens junctions to disrupt the epithelial layer, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Wessler
- Junior Research Group, Paul-Ehrlich Institute, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
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