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Kanter JP, Milke L, Metz JK, Biabani A, Schlüter H, Gand M, Ley JP, Zorn H. Novel Catechol O-methyltransferases from Lentinula edodes Catalyze the Generation of Taste-Active Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11002-11012. [PMID: 38700031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for natural food ingredients, including taste-active compounds, enzyme-catalyzed conversions of natural substrates, such as flavonoids, are promising tools to align with the principles of Green Chemistry. In this study, a novel O-methyltransferase activity was identified in the mycelium of Lentinula edodes, which was successfully applied to generate the taste-active flavonoids hesperetin, hesperetin dihydrochalcone, homoeriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol dihydrochalcone. Furthermore, the mycelium-mediated OMT activity allowed for the conversion of various catecholic substrates, yielding their respective (iso-)vanilloids, while monohydroxylated compounds were not converted. By means of a bottom-up proteomics approach, three putative O-methyltransferases were identified, and subsequently, synthetic, codon-optimized genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes confirmed the biocatalytic O-methylation activity against targeted flavonoids containing catechol motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Kanter
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Milke
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Judith K Metz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali Biabani
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Campus Research, N27, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Campus Research, N27, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jakob P Ley
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Menke MJ, Schneider P, Badenhorst CPS, Kunzendorf A, Heinz F, Dörr M, Hayes MA, Bornscheuer UT. A Universal, Continuous Assay for SAM-dependent Methyltransferases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313912. [PMID: 37917964 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed late-stage functionalization (LSF), such as methylation of drug molecules and lead structures, enables direct access to more potent active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) can play a key role in the development of new APIs, as they catalyze the chemo- and regioselective methylation of O-, N-, S- and C-atoms, being superior to traditional chemical routes. To identify suitable MTs, we developed a continuous fluorescence-based, high-throughput assay for SAM-dependent methyltransferases, which facilitates screening using E. coli cell lysates. This assay involves two enzymatic steps for the conversion of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine into H2 S to result in a selective fluorescence readout via reduction of an azidocoumarin sulfide probe. Investigation of two O-MTs and an N-MT confirmed that this assay is suitable for the determination of methyltransferase activity in E. coli cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian J Menke
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Heinz
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark Dörr
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Jin JQ, Qu FR, Huang H, Liu QS, Wei MY, Zhou Y, Huang KL, Cui Z, Chen JD, Dai WD, Zhu L, Yao MZ, Zhang ZM, Chen L. Characterization of two O-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of O-methylated catechins in tea plant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5075. [PMID: 37604798 PMCID: PMC10442441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is known for having a high catechin content, with the main component being (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has significant bioactivities, including potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. The poor intestinal stability and permeability of EGCG, however, undermine these health-improving benefits. O-methylated EGCG derivatives, found in a few tea cultivars in low levels, have attracted considerable interest due to their increased bioavailability. Here, we identify two O-methyltransferases from tea plant: CsFAOMT1 that has a specific O-methyltransferase activity on the 3''-position of EGCG to generate EGCG3''Me, and CsFAOMT2 that predominantly catalyzes the formation of EGCG4″Me. In different tea tissues and germplasms, the transcript levels of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 are strongly correlated with the amounts of EGCG3''Me and EGCG4''Me, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal structures of CsFAOMT1 and CsFAOMT2 reveal the key residues necessary for 3''- and 4''-O-methylation. These findings may provide guidance for the future development of tea cultivars with high O-methylated catechin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Fu-Rong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huisi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuee Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ke-Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhibo Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wei-Dong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Dippe M, Davari MD, Weigel B, Heinke R, Vogt T, Wessjohann LA. Altering the Regiospecificity of a Catechol
O
‐methyltransferase through Rational Design: Vanilloid vs. Isovanilloid Motifs in the B‐ring of Flavonoids. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dippe
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Benjamin Weigel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Ramona Heinke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germany
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Abdelraheem E, Thair B, Varela RF, Jockmann E, Popadić D, Hailes HC, Ward JM, Iribarren AM, Lewkowicz ES, Andexer JN, Hagedoorn P, Hanefeld U. Methyltransferases: Functions and Applications. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200212. [PMID: 35691829 PMCID: PMC9539859 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review the current state-of-the-art of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases and SAM are evaluated. Their structural classification and diversity is introduced and key mechanistic aspects presented which are then detailed further. Then, catalytic SAM as a target for drugs, and approaches to utilise SAM as a cofactor in synthesis are introduced with different supply and regeneration approaches evaluated. The use of SAM analogues are also described. Finally O-, N-, C- and S-MTs, their synthetic applications and potential for compound diversification is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelraheem
- BiocatalysisDepartment of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelft (TheNetherlands
| | - Benjamin Thair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Romina Fernández Varela
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos NucleicosUniversidad Nacional de QuilmesRoque S. Peña 352B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Emely Jockmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Désirée Popadić
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringBernard Katz BuildingUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Adolfo M. Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos NucleicosUniversidad Nacional de QuilmesRoque S. Peña 352B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Elizabeth S. Lewkowicz
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos NucleicosUniversidad Nacional de QuilmesRoque S. Peña 352B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Peter‐Leon Hagedoorn
- BiocatalysisDepartment of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelft (TheNetherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- BiocatalysisDepartment of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelft (TheNetherlands
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6
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Rapid in vitro prototyping of O-methyltransferases for pathway applications in Escherichia coli. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:876-886.e4. [PMID: 33957079 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O-Methyltransferases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites such as bacterial antibiotics, human catecholamine neurotransmitters, and plant phenylpropanoids. While thousands of putative O-methyltransferases are found in sequence databases, few examples are functionally characterized. From a pathway engineering perspective, however, it is crucial to know the substrate and product ranges of the respective enzymes to fully exploit their catalytic power. In this study, we developed an in vitro prototyping workflow that allowed us to screen ∼30 enzymes against five substrates in 3 days with high reproducibility. We combined in vitro transcription/translation of the genes of interest with a microliter-scale enzymatic assay in 96-well plates. The substrate conversion was indirectly measured by quantifying the consumption of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine co-factor by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer rather than time-consuming product analysis by chromatography. This workflow allowed us to rapidly prototype thus far uncharacterized O-methyltransferases for future use as biocatalysts.
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7
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Lee SH, Kim B, Kim KJ. Crystal Structure and Regiospecificity of Catechol O-Methyltransferase from Niastella koreensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2531-2538. [PMID: 33596655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that transfers a methyl group to the catechol-derivative substrates using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and Mg2+. We report the biochemical and structural analysis of COMT from Niastella koreensis (NkCOMT). NkCOMT showed the highest activity with Mg2+, although the enzyme also showed a significant level of activity with Cu2+ and Zn2+. NkCOMT structures complexed with SAH and Mg2+ elucidated how the enzyme stabilized the cosubstrate and the metal ion and revealed that the region near the SAM binding site undergoes conformational changes upon the binding of the cosubstrate and the metal ion. We also identified the catechol binding pocket of the enzyme and explained a broad substrate specificity of the bacterial enzyme and its ability to accommodate the catechol derivatives. In addition, we developed the NkCOMTE211R and NkCOMTE211K variants that showed both enhanced activities and regiospecificity for the production of the para-forms. Our study provides a structural basis for regiospecificity of NkCOMT, which is related with the conformational change upon binding of SAM and Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Hoo Lee
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsang Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kunjapur AM, Prather KLJ. Development of a Vanillate Biosensor for the Vanillin Biosynthesis Pathway in E. coli. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1958-1967. [PMID: 31461264 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The engineered de novo vanillin biosynthesis pathway constructed in Escherichia coli is industrially relevant but limited by the reaction catalyzed by catechol O-methyltransferase, which is intended to catalyze the conversion of protocatechuate to vanillate. To identify alternative O-methyltransferases, we constructed a vanillate sensor based on the Caulobacter crescentus VanR-VanO system. Using an E. coli promoter library, we achieved greater than 14-fold dynamic range in our best rationally constructed sensor. We found that this construct and an evolved variant demonstrate remarkable substrate selectivity, exhibiting no detectable response to the regioisomer byproduct isovanillate and minimal response to structurally similar pathway intermediates. We then harnessed the evolved biosensor to conduct rapid bioprospecting of natural catechol O-methyltransferases and identified three previously uncharacterized but active O-methyltransferases. Collectively, these efforts enrich our knowledge of how biosensing can aid metabolic engineering and constitute the foundation for future improvements in vanillin pathway productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya M. Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristala L. J. Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Lee S, Kang J, Kim J. Structural and biochemical characterization of Rv0187, an O-methyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8059. [PMID: 31147608 PMCID: PMC6543040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is widely distributed in nature and installs a methyl group onto one of the vicinal hydroxyl groups of a catechol derivative. Enzymes belonging to this family require two cofactors for methyl transfer: S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a methyl donor and a divalent metal cation for regiospecific binding and activation of a substrate. We have determined two high-resolution crystal structures of Rv0187, one of three COMT paralogs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in the presence and absence of cofactors. The cofactor-bound structure clearly locates strontium ions and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine in the active site, and together with the complementary structure of the ligand-free form, it suggests conformational dynamics induced by the binding of cofactors. Examination of in vitro activities revealed promiscuous substrate specificity and relaxed regioselectivity against various catechol-like compounds. Unexpectedly, mutation of the proposed catalytic lysine residue did not abolish activity but altered the overall landscape of regiospecific methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ongpipattanakul C, Nair SK. Molecular Basis for Autocatalytic Backbone N-Methylation in RiPP Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2989-2999. [PMID: 30204409 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-methylation of nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides is a chemical modification with significant impact on biological regulation. Despite the simplicity of the structural change, N-methylation can influence diverse functions including epigenetics, protein complex formation, and microtubule stability. While there are limited examples of N-methylation of the α-amino group of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins, there are no examples of catalysts that carry out post-translation methylation of backbone amides in proteins or peptides. Recent studies have identified enzymes that catalyze backbone N-methylation on a peptide substrate, a reaction with little biochemical precedent, in a family of ribosomally synthesized natural products produced in basidiomycetes. Here, we describe the crystal structures of Dendrothele bispora dbOphMA, a methyltransferase that catalyzes multiple N-methylations on the peptide backbone. We further carry out biochemical studies of this catalyst to determine the molecular details that promote this unusual chemical transformation. The structural and biochemical framework described here could facilitate biotechnological applications of catalysts for the rapid production of backbone N-methylated peptides.
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11
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Ryu H, Grove TL, Almo SC, Kim J. Identification of a novel tRNA wobble uridine modifying activity in the biosynthesis of 5-methoxyuridine. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:9160-9169. [PMID: 29982645 PMCID: PMC6158493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of 5-hydroxyuridine (ho5U), such as 5-methoxyuridine (mo5U) and 5-oxyacetyluridine (cmo5U), are ubiquitous modifications of the wobble position of bacterial tRNA that are believed to enhance translational fidelity by the ribosome. In gram-negative bacteria, the last step in the biosynthesis of cmo5U from ho5U involves the unique metabolite carboxy S-adenosylmethionine (Cx-SAM) and the carboxymethyl transferase CmoB. However, the equivalent position in the tRNA of Gram-positive bacteria is instead mo5U, where the methyl group is derived from SAM and installed by an unknown methyltransferase. By utilizing a cmoB-deficient strain of Escherichia coli as a host and assaying for the formation of mo5U in total RNA isolates with methyltransferases of unknown function from Bacillus subtilis, we found that this modification is installed by the enzyme TrmR (formerly known as YrrM). Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of TrmR with and without the anticodon stemloop of tRNAAla have been determined, which provide insight into both sequence and structure specificity in the interactions of TrmR with tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Tyler L Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jungwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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12
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Sun B, Wang P, Wang R, Li Y, Xu S. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a meta/ para- O-Methyltransferase from Lycoris aurea. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071911. [PMID: 29966257 PMCID: PMC6073595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-methyltransferases (OMTs) have been demonstrated to play key roles in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, isoprenoids, and phenolic compounds. Here, we isolated and characterized an OMT gene from Lycoris aurea (namely LaOMT1), based on our previous transcriptome sequencing data. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LaOMT1 belongs to the class I OMT, and shares high identity to other known plant OMTs. Also, LaOMT1 is highly identical in its amino acid sequence to NpN4OMT, a norbelladine 4′-OMT from Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus involved in the biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Biochemical analysis indicated that the recombinant LaOMT1 displayed both para and metaO-methylation activities with caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and showed a strong preference for the meta position. Besides, LaOMT1 also catalyzes the O-methylation of norbelladine to form 4′-O-methylnorbelladine, which has been demonstrated to be a universal precursor of all the primary Amaryllidaceae alkaloid skeletons. The results from quantitative real-time PCR assay indicated that LaOMT1 was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of L. aurea, and its highest expression level was observed in the ovary. Meanwhile, the largest concentration of lycorine and galanthamine were found in the ovary, whereas the highest level of narciclasine was observed in the bulb. In addition, sodium chloride (NaCl), cold, polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments could significantly increase LaOMT1 transcripts, while abscisic acid (ABA) treatment dramatically decreased the expression level of LaOMT1. Subcellular localization showed that LaOMT1 is mainly localized in cytoplasm and endosome. Our results in this study indicate that LaOMT1 may play a multifunctional role, and lay the foundation for Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis in L. aurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Gerplasm, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yikui Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Gerplasm, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Gerplasm, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Rakoczy M, Femiak I, Alejska M, Figlerowicz M, Podkowinski J. Sorghum CCoAOMT and CCoAOMT-like gene evolution, structure, expression and the role of conserved amino acids in protein activity. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1077-1089. [PMID: 29721721 PMCID: PMC6153501 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum is a crop plant that is grown for seeds, sucrose, forage and biofuel production. In all these applications, lignin is a superfluous component that decreases the efficiency of technological processes. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an enzyme involved in monolignol synthesis that affects the efficiency of lignification and lignin composition. The sorghum genome harbors one CCoAOMT gene and six closely related CCoAOMT-like genes. The structures of four sorghum CCoAOMT-like enzymes suggest that these proteins might methylate caffeoyl coenzyme A and contribute to monolignol synthesis. In this study, two sorghum genes, CCoAOMT and one CCoAOMT-like, were found to be highly expressed in leaves, stems and immature seeds. The promoters of these genes possess clusters of transcription factor-binding sites specific for lignification, and this suggests that they are important for lignification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one sorghum CCoAOMT-like enzyme is closely related to ancestral cyanobacterial CCoAOMT-like proteins. The remaining CCoAOMT-like enzymes, including the one highly expressed in the leaves and stem, are closely related to CCoAOMT. Genes from these two groups possess different, evolutionarily conserved gene structures. The structure of the sorghum CCoAOMT-like protein from the ancestral clade was modeled and differences between enzymes from the two clades were analyzed. These results facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of genes involved in lignification, and provide valuable data for sorghum improvement through traditional breeding or molecular genetic techniques. The findings suggest that CCoAOMT-like genes might be recruited in lignification and raise questions of the frequency of such functional shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rakoczy
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - I Femiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Alejska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Podkowinski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, ul. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
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14
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von Tesmar A, Hoffmann M, Pippel J, Fayad AA, Dausend-Werner S, Bauer A, Blankenfeldt W, Müller R. Total Biosynthesis of the Pyrrolo[4,2]benzodiazepine Scaffold Tomaymycin on an In Vitro Reconstituted NRPS System. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1216-1227.e8. [PMID: 28890318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro reconstitution and biochemical analysis of natural product biosynthetic pathways remains a challenging endeavor, especially if megaenzymes of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) type are involved. In theory, all biosynthetic steps may be deciphered using mass spectrometry (MS)-based analyses of both the carrier protein-coupled intermediates and the free intermediates. We here report the "total biosynthesis" of the pyrrolo[4,2]benzodiazepine scaffold tomaymycin using an in vitro reconstituted NRPS system. Proteoforms were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS to decipher every step of the biosynthesis on its respective megasynthetase with up to 170 kDa in size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of virtually all chemical steps involved in the biosynthesis of nonribosomally synthesized natural products. The study includes experiments to determine substrate specificities of the corresponding A-domains in competition assays by analyzing the adenylation step as well as the transfer to the respective carrier protein domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Tesmar
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dausend-Werner
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Industriepark Höchst G878, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Yan Q, Shaw N, Qian L, Jiang D. Crystal structure of Rv1220c, a SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:315-320. [PMID: 28580918 PMCID: PMC5458387 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17006057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rv1220c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is annotated as an O-methyltransferase (MtbOMT). Currently, no structural information is available for this protein. Here, the crystal structure of MtbOMT refined to 2.0 Å resolution is described. The structure reveals the presence of a methyltransferase fold and shows clear electron density for one molecule of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which was apparently bound by the protein during its production in Escherichia coli. Although the overall structure of MtbOMT resembles the structures of O-methyltransferases from Cornybacterium glutamicum, Coxiella burnetti and Alfa alfa, differences are observed in the residues that make up the active site. Notably, substitution of Asp by His164 seems to abrogate metal binding by MtbOMT. A putative catalytic His-Asp pair located in the vicinity of SAM is absolutely conserved in MtbOMT homologues from all species of Mycobacterium, suggesting a conserved function for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yan
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin City 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Neil Shaw
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin City 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanfang Qian
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin City 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dunquan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin City 300071, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Siegrist J, Netzer J, Mordhorst S, Karst L, Gerhardt S, Einsle O, Richter M, Andexer JN. Functional and structural characterisation of a bacterialO-methyltransferase and factors determining regioselectivity. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:312-321. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
| | - Julia Netzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
| | - Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
| | - Lukas Karst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
| | - Stefan Gerhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute of Biochemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies; Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Richter
- Bio-, Electro- and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Straubing Branch; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Straubing Germany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Germany
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17
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Wiens B, De Luca V. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a benzenoid/phenylpropanoid meta/para-O-methyltransferase from Rauwolfia serpentina roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 132:5-15. [PMID: 27771009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, reserpine and rescinnamine contain 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate or 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamate, respectively, within their structures and they accumulate in different plant organs and particularly within roots of Rauwolfia serpentina. This plant also accumulates acylated sugars substituted with 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamate. In the present study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of R. serpentina roots allowed the identification of 7 candidate O-methytransferase (OMT) genes that might be associated with the formation of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamate and led to the molecular cloning of 4 genes for functional expression and analysis. Two candidate genes were expressed in E. coli and were shown to use different phenolics as methyl acceptors. RsOMT1, a member of the caffeoyl CoA-OMT-like family of genes, converted 3, 5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and 3, 4, 5 trihydroxybenzoic acids to trimethoxycinnamic-, ferulic/isoferulic- and 3-methoxy, 4, 5 dihydroxybenzoic or 4-methoxy, 3, 5 dihydroxybenzoic acids, respectively, when supplied with these substrates. RsOMT3, a member of the caffeic acid-OMT-like family of genes, only converted caffeic acid to ferulic acid. Both enzymes showed considerable promiscuity with respect to various flavonoid substrates that they accepted. The para-O-methylation activity of RsOMT1 is quite rare and unusual for plant OMTs. The involvement of RsOMT1 and RsOMT3 in the assembly of trimethoxybenzoic and trimethoxycinnamic acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wiens
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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18
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Xu RX, Zhao Y, Gao S, Zhang YY, Li DD, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Functional characterization of a plastidal cation-dependent O-methyltransferase from the liverwort Plagiochasma appendiculatum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 118:33-41. [PMID: 26277769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs), known to be involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin synthesis, have been characterized from several higher plant species, which also harbor CCoAOMT-like enzymes responsible for methylation of a variety of flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenylpropanoids. Here, a gene encoding a CCoAOMT (PaOMT1) was isolated from a sequenced cDNA library of the liverwort species Plagiochasma appendiculatum, a species belonging to the Family Aytoniaceae. The full-length cDNA sequence of PaOMT1 contains 909 bp, and is predicted to encode a protein with 302 amino acids. The gene products were 40-50% identical to CCoAOMT sequences of other plants. Experiments based on recombinant PaOMT1 showed that the enzyme was able to methylate phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and coumarins, with a preference for the flavonoid quercetin (19). Although the substrate selectivity and biochemical feature of PaOMT1 is similar to CCoAOMT-like enzymes, the sequence alignment results indicated PaOMT1 is closer to true CCoAOMT enzymes. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaOMT1 is intermediate between true CCoAOMTs and CCoAOMT-like enzymes. The transient expression of a PaOMT1-GFP fusion in tobacco demonstrated that PaOMT1 is directed to the plastids. PaOMT1 may represent an ancestral form of higher plant true CCoAOMT and CCoAOMT-like enzymes. This is the first time an O-methyltransferase was characterized in liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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19
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Chatterjee D, Kudlinzki D, Linhard V, Saxena K, Schieborr U, Gande SL, Wurm JP, Wöhnert J, Abele R, Rogov VV, Dötsch V, Osiewacz HD, Sreeramulu S, Schwalbe H. Structure and Biophysical Characterization of the S-Adenosylmethionine-dependent O-Methyltransferase PaMTH1, a Putative Enzyme Accumulating during Senescence of Podospora anserina. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16415-30. [PMID: 25979334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as important signaling molecules, but in excess they can damage biomolecules. ROS regulation is therefore of key importance. Several polyphenols in general and flavonoids in particular have the potential to generate hydroxyl radicals, the most hazardous among all ROS. However, the generation of a hydroxyl radical and subsequent ROS formation can be prevented by methylation of the hydroxyl group of the flavonoids. O-Methylation is performed by O-methyltransferases, members of the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase superfamily involved in the secondary metabolism of many species across all kingdoms. In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, a well established aging model, the O-methyltransferase (PaMTH1) was reported to accumulate in total and mitochondrial protein extracts during aging. In vitro functional studies revealed flavonoids and in particular myricetin as its potential substrate. The molecular architecture of PaMTH1 and the mechanism of the methyl transfer reaction remain unknown. Here, we report the crystal structures of PaMTH1 apoenzyme, PaMTH1-SAM (co-factor), and PaMTH1-S-adenosyl homocysteine (by-product) co-complexes refined to 2.0, 1.9, and 1.9 Å, respectively. PaMTH1 forms a tight dimer through swapping of the N termini. Each monomer adopts the Rossmann fold typical for many SAM-binding methyltransferases. Structural comparisons between different O-methyltransferases reveal a strikingly similar co-factor binding pocket but differences in the substrate binding pocket, indicating specific molecular determinants required for substrate selection. Furthermore, using NMR, mass spectrometry, and site-directed active site mutagenesis, we show that PaMTH1 catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from SAM to one hydroxyl group of the myricetin in a cation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Chatterjee
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denis Kudlinzki
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Verena Linhard
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Krishna Saxena
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schieborr
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Santosh L Gande
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Philip Wurm
- the Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Wöhnert
- the Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sridhar Sreeramulu
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69210, Germany Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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20
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Brandt W, Manke K, Vogt T. A catalytic triad--Lys-Asn-Asp--Is essential for the catalysis of the methyl transfer in plant cation-dependent O-methyltransferases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:130-139. [PMID: 25596806 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structure data of cation-dependent catechol O-methyltransferases (COMTs) from mammals and related caffeoyl coenzyme A OMTs (CCoAOMTs) from plants have suggested operative molecular mechanisms. These include bivalent cations that facilitate deprotonation of vicinal aromatic dihydroxy systems and illustrate a conserved arrangement of hydroxyl and carboxyl ligands consistent with the requirements of a metal-activated catalytic mechanism. The general concept of metal-dependent deprotonation via a complexed aspartate is only one part of a more pronounced proton relay, as shown by semiempirical and DFT quantum mechanical calculations and experimental validations. A previously undetected catalytic triad, consisting of Lys157-Asn181-Asp228 residues is required for complete methyl transfer in case of a cation-dependent phenylpropanoid and flavonoid OMT, as described in this report. This triad appears essential for efficient methyl transfer to catechol-like hydroxyl group in phenolics. The observation is consistent with a catalytic lysine in the case of mammalian COMTs, but jettisons existing assumptions on the initial abstraction of the meta-hydroxyl proton to the metal stabilizing Asp154 (PFOMT) or comparable Asp-carboxyl groups in type of cation-dependent enzymes in plants. The triad is conserved among all characterized plant CCoAOMT-like enzymes, which are required not only for methylation of soluble phenylpropanoids like coumarins or monolignol monomers, but is also present in the similar microbial and mammalian cation-dependent enzymes which methylate a comparable set of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle(Saale), Germany.
| | - Kerstin Manke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle(Saale), Germany
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21
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Żuchowski J, Pecio Ł, Stochmal A. Novel flavonol glycosides from the aerial parts of lentil (Lens culinaris). Molecules 2014; 19:18152-78. [PMID: 25383753 PMCID: PMC6270693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the phytochemical composition of lentil (Lens culinaris) seeds is well described in scientific literature, there is very little available data about secondary metabolites from lentil leaves and stems. Our research reveals that the aerial parts of lentil are a rich source of flavonoids. Six kaempferol and twelve quercetin glycosides were isolated, their structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. This group includes 16 compounds which have not been previously described in the scientific literature: quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galacto-pyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside (3), their derivatives 4–10, 12–15, 17, 18 acylated with caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, or 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid and kaempferol 3-O-{[(6-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)}-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (11). Their DPPH scavenging activity was also evaluated. This is probably the first detailed description of flavonoids from the aerial parts of lentil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Żuchowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
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22
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Cloning and characterization of a norbelladine 4'-O-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the Alzheimer's drug galanthamine in Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103223. [PMID: 25061748 PMCID: PMC4111509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galanthamine is an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. This compound is primarily isolated from daffodil (Narcissus spp.), snowdrop (Galanthus spp.), and summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum). Despite its importance as a medicine, no genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of galanthamine have been identified. This absence of genetic information on biosynthetic pathways is a limiting factor in the development of synthetic biology platforms for many important botanical medicines. The paucity of information is largely due to the limitations of traditional methods for finding biochemical pathway enzymes and genes in non-model organisms. A new bioinformatic approach using several recent technological improvements was applied to search for genes in the proposed galanthamine biosynthetic pathway, first targeting methyltransferases due to strong signature amino acid sequences in the proteins. Using Illumina sequencing, a de novo transcriptome assembly was constructed for daffodil. BLAST was used to identify sequences that contain signatures for plant O-methyltransferases in this transcriptome. The program HAYSTACK was then used to identify methyltransferases that fit a model for galanthamine biosynthesis in leaf, bulb and inflorescence tissues. One candidate gene for the methylation of norbelladine to 4′-O-methylnorbelladine in the proposed galanthamine biosynthetic pathway was identified. This methyltransferase cDNA was expressed in E. coli and the protein purified by affinity chromatography. The resulting protein was found to be a norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase (NpN4OMT) of the proposed galanthamine biosynthetic pathway.
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23
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Berim A, Gang DR. Characterization of two candidate flavone 8-O-methyltransferases suggests the existence of two potential routes to nevadensin in sweet basil. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 92:33-41. [PMID: 23747095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective 6-,7-,8-,3'-, and 4'-O-methylations underlie the structural diversity of lipophilic flavones produced in the trichomes of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The positions 6, 7, and 4' are methylated by a recently described set of cation-independent enzymes. The roles of cation-dependent O-methyltransferases still require elucidation. Here, the basil trichome EST database was used to identify a Mg(2+)-dependent O-methyltransferase that was likely to accept flavonoids as substrates. The recombinant protein was found to be active with a wide range of o-diphenols, and methylated the 8-OH moiety of the flavone backbone with higher catalytic efficiency than the 3'-OH group of candidate substrates. To further investigate flavone 8-O-methylation, the activity of a putative cation-independent flavonoid 8-O-methyltransferase from the same EST collection was assessed with available substrate analogs. Notably, it was strongly inhibited by gardenin B, one of its expected products. The catalytic capacities of the two studied proteins suggest that two alternative routes to nevadensin, a major flavone in some basil cultivars, might exist. Correlating the expression of the underlying genes with the accumulation of 8-substituted flavones in four basil lines did not clarify which is the major operating pathway in vivo, yet the combined data suggested that the biochemical properties of flavone 7-O-demethylase could play a key role in determining the reaction order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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24
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Wils CR, Brandt W, Manke K, Vogt T. A single amino acid determines position specificity of anArabidopsis thalianaCCoAOMT-likeO-methyltransferase. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:683-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Liscombe DK, Louie GV, Noel JP. Architectures, mechanisms and molecular evolution of natural product methyltransferases. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1238-50. [PMID: 22850796 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of a methyl moiety to a small chemical is a common transformation in the biosynthesis of natural products across all three domains of life. These methylation reactions are most often catalysed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs). MTs are categorized based on the electron-rich, methyl accepting atom, usually O, N, C, or S. SAM-dependent natural product MTs (NPMTs) are responsible for the modification of a wide array of structurally distinct substrates, including signalling and host defense compounds, pigments, prosthetic groups, cofactors, cell membrane and cell wall components, and xenobiotics. Most notably, methylation modulates the bioavailability, bioactivity, and reactivity of acceptor molecules, and thus exerts a central role on the functional output of many metabolic pathways. Our current understanding of the structural enzymology of NPMTs groups these phylogenetically diverse enzymes into two MT-superfamily fold classes (class I and class III). Structural biology has also shed light on the catalytic mechanisms and molecular bases for substrate specificity for over fifty NPMTs. These biophysical-based approaches have contributed to our understanding of NPMT evolution, demonstrating how a widespread protein fold evolved to accommodate chemically diverse methyl acceptors and to catalyse disparate mechanisms suited to the physiochemical properties of the target substrates. This evolutionary diversity suggests that NPMTs may serve as starting points for generating new biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Liscombe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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26
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Widiez T, Hartman TG, Dudai N, Yan Q, Lawton M, Havkin-Frenkel D, Belanger FC. Functional characterization of two new members of the caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase-like gene family from Vanilla planifolia reveals a new class of plastid-localized O-methyltransferases. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 76:475-88. [PMID: 21629984 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferases (OMTs) have been characterized from numerous plant species and have been demonstrated to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Higher plant species are known to have additional caffeoyl CoA OMT-like genes, which have not been well characterized. Here, we identified two new caffeoyl CoA OMT-like genes by screening a cDNA library from specialized hair cells of pods of the orchid Vanilla planifolia. Characterization of the corresponding two enzymes, designated Vp-OMT4 and Vp-OMT5, revealed that in vitro both enzymes preferred as a substrate the flavone tricetin, yet their sequences and phylogenetic relationships to other enzymes are distinct from each other. Quantitative analysis of gene expression indicated a dramatic tissue-specific expression pattern for Vp-OMT4, which was highly expressed in the hair cells of the developing pod, the likely location of vanillin biosynthesis. Although Vp-OMT4 had a lower activity with the proposed vanillin precursor, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, than with tricetin, the tissue specificity of expression suggests it may be a candidate for an enzyme involved in vanillin biosynthesis. In contrast, the Vp-OMT5 gene was mainly expressed in leaf tissue and only marginally expressed in pod hair cells. Phylogenetic analysis suggests Vp-OMT5 evolved from a cyanobacterial enzyme and it clustered within a clade in which the sequences from eukaryotic species had predicted chloroplast transit peptides. Transient expression of a GFP-fusion in tobacco demonstrated that Vp-OMT5 was localized in the plastids. This is the first flavonoid OMT demonstrated to be targeted to the plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Widiez
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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27
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Abstract
7′-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)- N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propenamide (1), 7′-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)- N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propenamide (2), N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine (3), N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (4), β-sitostenone (5), ferulic acid (6), hydroferulic acid (7), 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (8), veratic acid (9), vanillic acid (10), isovanillic acid (11), syringic acid (12), (+)-syringaresinol (13), and pheophorbide a (14) were isolated from the stems of Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae). Among them, 1 is a new amide compound. The structures of these compounds were characterized and identified by spectral analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Woei-Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Cakici O, Sikorski M, Stepkowski T, Bujacz G, Jaskolski M. Crystal structures of NodS N-methyltransferase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum in ligand-free form and as SAH complex. J Mol Biol 2010; 404:874-89. [PMID: 20970431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NodS is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent N-methyltransferase that is involved in the biosynthesis of Nod factor (NF) in rhizobia, which are bacterial symbionts of legume plants. NF is a modified chitooligosaccharide (COS) signal molecule that is recognized by the legume host, where it initiates symbiotic processes leading to atmospheric nitrogen fixation. We report the crystal structure of recombinant NodS protein from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which infects lupine and serradella legumes. Two crystal forms--ligand-free NodS and NodS in complex with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, which is a by-product of the methylation reaction--were obtained, and their structures were refined to resolutions of 2.43 Å and 1.85 Å, respectively. Although the overall fold (consisting of a seven-stranded β-sheet flanked by layers of helices) is similar to those of other SAM-dependent methyltransferases, NodS has specific features reflecting the unique character of its oligosaccharide substrate. In particular, the N-terminal helix and its connecting loop get ordered upon SAM binding, thereby closing the methyl donor cavity and shaping a long surface canyon that is clearly the binding site for the acceptor molecule. Comparison of the two structural forms of NodS suggests that there are also other conformational changes taking place upon the binding of the donor substrate. As an enzyme that methylates a COS substrate, NodS is the first example among all SAM-dependent methyltransferases to have its three-dimensional structure elucidated. Gaining insight about how NodS binds its donor and acceptor substrates helps to better understand the mechanism of NodS activity and the basis of its functional difference in various rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cakici
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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29
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Kim BG, Kim DH, Sung SH, Kim DE, Chong Y, Ahn JH. Two O-methyltransferases from Picea abies: characterization and molecular basis of different reactivity. PLANTA 2010; 232:837-844. [PMID: 20628758 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
O-Methyltransferase (OMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to hydroxyl groups of methyl acceptors. Two OMTs, PaOMT2 and PaOMT3, from Picea abies showed 93.5% identity at the amino acid level. However, PaOMT3 catalyzed the reaction more efficiently than PaOMT2 with several phenolic compounds, including quercetin and caffeoyl-CoA. To determine the critical amino acids for the different reactivity of the two OMTs, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out. The amino acid proline at position 35 in PaOMT2 and leucine in PaOMT3 is a critical amino acid for their reactivity. Molecular modeling showed that the sequential change triggered by Leu35 resulted in a change in the size of the substrate binding pocket, which could account for the different catalytic reactivity of two OMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Structural Modeling and Biochemical Characterization of Flavonoid O-Methyltransferase from Rice. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.11.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Gómez García I, Stevenson CEM, Usón I, Freel Meyers CL, Walsh CT, Lawson DM. The crystal structure of the novobiocin biosynthetic enzyme NovP: the first representative structure for the TylF O-methyltransferase superfamily. J Mol Biol 2009; 395:390-407. [PMID: 19857499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NovP is an S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the aminocoumarin antibiotic novobiocin. Specifically, it methylates at 4-OH of the noviose moiety, and the resultant methoxy group is important for the potency of the mature antibiotic: previous crystallographic studies have shown that this group interacts directly with the target enzyme DNA gyrase, which is a validated drug target. We have determined the high-resolution crystal structure of NovP from Streptomyces spheroides as a binary complex with its desmethylated cosubstrate S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. The structure displays a typical class I methyltransferase fold, in addition to motifs that are consistent with a divalent-metal-dependent mechanism. This is the first representative structure of a methyltransferase from the TylF superfamily, which includes a number of enzymes implicated in the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other therapeutics. The NovP structure reveals a number of distinctive structural features that, based on sequence conservation, are likely to be characteristic of the superfamily. These include a helical 'lid' region that gates access to the cosubstrate binding pocket and an active center that contains a 3-Asp putative metal binding site. A further conserved Asp likely acts as the general base that initiates the reaction by deprotonating the 4-OH group of the noviose unit. Using in silico docking, we have generated models of the enzyme-substrate complex that are consistent with the proposed mechanism. Furthermore, these models suggest that NovP is unlikely to tolerate significant modifications at the noviose moiety, but could show increasing substrate promiscuity as a function of the distance of the modification from the methylation site. These observations could inform future attempts to utilize NovP for methylating a range of glycosylated compounds.
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32
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Li G, Tang Z, Meng G, Dai K, Zhao J, Zheng X. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of O-methyltransferase from Anabaena PCC 7120. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:1039-41. [PMID: 19851017 PMCID: PMC2765896 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109035118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
O-Methyltransferase (OMT) is a ubiquitous enzyme that exists in bacteria, plants and humans and catalyzes a methyl-transfer reaction using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor and a wide range of phenolics as acceptors. To investigate the structure and function of OMTs, omt from Anabaena PCC 7120 was cloned into expression vector pET21a and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The recombinant OMT protein was purified to homogeneity using a two-step strategy. Crystals of OMT that diffracted to a resolution of 2.4 A were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 131.620, b = 227.994, c = 150.777 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees . There are eight molecules per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Li
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenting Tang
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Meng
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Structural and Functional Insights into O-Methyltransferase from Bacillus cereus. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:987-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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