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Chartoumpekis DV, Chen I, Salvatore SR, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Khoo NKH. Adipocyte-specific Nrf2 deletion negates nitro-oleic acid benefits on glucose tolerance in diet-induced obesity. Nitric Oxide 2024; 149:75-84. [PMID: 38879114 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly linked with white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction, setting off inflammation and oxidative stress, both key contributors to the cardiometabolic complications associated with obesity. To improve metabolic and cardiovascular health, countering these inflammatory and oxidative signaling processes is crucial. Offering potential in this context, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) promote diverse anti-inflammatory signaling and counteract oxidative stress. Additionally, we previously highlighted that nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) preferentially accumulates in WAT and provides protection against already established high fat diet (HFD)-mediated impaired glucose tolerance. The precise mechanism accounting for these protective effects remained largely unexplored until now. Herein, we reveal that protective effects of improved glucose tolerance by NO2-OA is absent when Nrf2 is specifically ablated in adipocytes (ANKO mice). NO2-OA treatment did not alter body weight between ANKO and littermate controls (Nrf2fl/fl) mice on both the HFD and low-fat diet (LFD). As expected, at day 76 (before NO2-OA treatment) and notably at day 125 (daily treatment of 15 mg/kg NO2-OA for 48 days), both HFD-fed Nrf2fl/fl and ANKO mice exhibited increased fat mass and reduced lean mass compared to LFD controls. However, throughout the NO2-OA treatment, no distinction was observed between Nrf2fl/fl and ANKO in the HFD-fed mice as well as in the Nrf2fl/fl mice fed a LFD. Glucose tolerance tests revealed impaired glucose tolerance in HFD-fed Nrf2fl/fl and ANKO compared to LFD-fed Nrf2fl/fl mice. Notably, NO2-OA treatment improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed Nrf2fl/fl but did not yield the same improvement in ANKO mice at days 15, 30, and 55 of treatment. Unraveling the pathways linked to NO2-OA's protective effects in obesity-mediated impairment in glucose tolerance is pivotal within the realm of precision medicine, crucially propelling future applications and refining novel drug-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - S R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - F J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - B A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - N K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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2
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Hellmuth N, Brat C, Awad O, George S, Kahnt A, Bauer T, Huynh Phuoc HP, Steinhilber D, Angioni C, Hassan M, Hock KJ, Manolikakes G, Zacharowski K, Roos J, Maier TJ. Structural Modifications Yield Novel Insights Into the Intriguing Pharmacodynamic Potential of Anti-inflammatory Nitro-Fatty Acids. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715076. [PMID: 34867322 PMCID: PMC8637440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nitro-fatty acids (NFA) are potent electrophilic lipid mediators that exert biological effects in vitro and in vivo via selective covalent modification of thiol-containing target proteins. The cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic effects of NFA in animal models of disease caused by targeted protein nitroalkylation are a valuable basis for the development of future anti-phlogistic and anti-neoplastic drugs. Considering the complexity of diseases and accompanying comorbidities there is an urgent need for clinically effective multifunctional drugs. NFA are composed of a fatty acid backbone containing a nitroalkene moiety triggering Michael addition reactions. However, less is known about the target-specific structure–activity relationships and selectivities comparing different NFA targets. Therefore, we analyzed 15 NFA derivatives and compared them with the lead structure 9-nitro-oleic acid (9NOA) in terms of their effect on NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling inhibition, induction of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) gene expression, sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase), LO (lipoxygenase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibition, and their cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. Minor modifications of the Michael acceptor position and variation of the chain length led to drugs showing increased target preference or enhanced multi-targeting, partly with higher potency than 9NOA. This study is a significant step forward to better understanding the biology of NFA and their enormous potential as scaffolds for designing future anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hellmuth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Omar Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tom Bauer
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Hai Phong Huynh Phuoc
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jessica Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
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Di Fino L, Arruebarrena Di Palma A, Perk EA, García-Mata C, Schopfer FJ, Laxalt AM. Nitro-fatty acids: electrophilic signaling molecules in plant physiology. PLANTA 2021; 254:120. [PMID: 34773515 PMCID: PMC10704571 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nitro fatty acids (NO2-FA)have relevant physiological roles as signaling molecules in biotic and abiotic stress, growth, and development, but the mechanism of action remains controversial. The two main mechanisms involving nitric oxide release and thiol modification are discussed. Fatty acids (FAs) are major components of membranes and contribute to cellular energetic demands. Besides, FAs are precursors of signaling molecules, including oxylipins and other oxidized fatty acids derived from the activity of lipoxygenases. In addition, non-canonical modified fatty acids, such as nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), are formed in animals and plants. The synthesis NO2-FAs involves a nitration reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This review will focus on recent findings showing that, in plants, NO2-FAs such as nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) have relevant physiological roles as signaling molecules in biotic and abiotic stress, growth, and development. Moreover, since there is controversy on mechanisms of action of NO2-FAs as signaling molecules, we will provide evidence showing why this aspect needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Di Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Arruebarrena Di Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enzo A Perk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Synthesis of 9- and 12-nitro conjugated linoleic acid: Regiospecific isomers of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zatloukalová M, Jedinák L, Riman D, Franková J, Novák D, Cytryniak A, Nazaruk E, Bilewicz R, Vrba J, Papoušková B, Kabeláč M, Vacek J. Cubosomal lipid formulation of nitroalkene fatty acids: Preparation, stability and biological effects. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102097. [PMID: 34418599 PMCID: PMC8385161 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nitroalkenes – nitro-fatty acids (NO2–FAs) are formed in vivo via the interaction of reactive nitrogen species with unsaturated fatty acids. The resulting electrophilic NO2–FAs play an important role in redox homeostasis and cellular stress response. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and reactivity of two NO2–FAs: 9/10-nitrooleic acid (1) and its newly prepared 1-monoacyl ester, (E)-2,3-hydroxypropyl 9/10-nitrooctadec-9-enoate (2), both synthesized by a direct radical nitration approach. Compounds 1 and 2 were investigated in an aqueous medium and after incorporation into lipid nanoparticles prepared from 1-monoolein, cubosomes 1@CUB and 2@CUB. Using an electrochemical analysis and LC-MS, free 1 and 2 were found to be unstable under acidic conditions, and their degradation occurred in an aqueous environment within a few minutes or hours. This degradation was associated with the production of the NO radical, as confirmed by fluorescence assay. In contrast, preparations 1@CUB and 2@CUB exhibited a significant increase in the stability of the loaded 1 and 2 up to several days to weeks. In addition to experimental data, density functional theory-based calculation results on the electronic structure and structural variability (open and closed configuration) of 1 and 2 were obtained. Finally, experiments with a human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line demonstrated the ability of 1@CUB and 2@CUB to penetrate through the cytoplasmic membrane and modulate cellular pathways, which was exemplified by the Keap1 protein level monitoring. Free 1 and 2 and the cubosomes prepared from them showed cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 8 μM after 24 h. The further development of cubosomal preparations with embedded electrophilic NO2–FAs may not only contribute to the field of fundamental research, but also to their application using an optimized lipid delivery vehicle. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2–FAs) are bioactive electrophiles and new drug candidates. The study focused on endogenous NO2-oleic acid and its glycerol ester. Cubosomes are lipid nanoparticles stabilizing the incorporated NO2–FAs. Applicability of NO2-FA-loaded cubosomes was tested on human HaCaT keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jedinák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Riman
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Franková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Novák
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adrianna Cytryniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papoušková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kabeláč
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolská 135, Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.
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6
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Braumann S, Schumacher W, Im NG, Nettersheim FS, Mehrkens D, Bokredenghel S, Hof A, Nies RJ, Adler C, Winkels H, Knöll R, Freeman BA, Rudolph V, Klinke A, Adam M, Baldus S, Mollenhauer M, Geißen S. Nitro-Oleic Acid (NO 2-OA) Improves Systolic Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating Myocardial Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9052. [PMID: 34445757 PMCID: PMC8396484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), a nitric oxide (NO)- and nitrite (NO2-)-derived electrophilic fatty acid metabolite, displays anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic signaling actions and therapeutic benefit in murine models of ischemia-reperfusion, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension. Muscle LIM protein-deficient mice (Mlp-/-) develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by impaired left ventricular function and increased ventricular fibrosis at the age of 8 weeks. This study investigated the effects of NO2-OA on cardiac function in Mlp-/- mice both in vivo and in vitro. Mlp-/- mice were treated with NO2-OA or vehicle for 4 weeks via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Wildtype (WT) littermates treated with vehicle served as controls. Mlp-/- mice exhibited enhanced TGFβ signalling, fibrosis and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. NO2-OA treatment attenuated interstitial myocardial fibrosis and substantially improved left ventricular systolic function in Mlp-/- mice. In vitro studies of TGFβ-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts further revealed that the anti-fibrotic effects of NO2-OA rely on its capability to attenuate fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation by inhibiting phosphorylation of TGFβ downstream targets. In conclusion, we demonstrate a substantial therapeutic benefit of NO2-OA in a murine model of DCM, mediated by interfering with endogenously activated TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Braumann
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Wibke Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Nam Gyu Im
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Dennis Mehrkens
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Senai Bokredenghel
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Alexander Hof
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Richard Julius Nies
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Christoph Adler
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Anna Klinke
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Matti Adam
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
| | - Simon Geißen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.S.N.); (D.M.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (R.J.N.); (C.A.); (H.W.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (W.S.); (N.G.I.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
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7
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Wilkinson ML, Gow AJ. Effects of fatty acid nitroalkanes on signal transduction pathways and airway macrophage activation. Innate Immun 2021; 27:353-364. [PMID: 34375151 PMCID: PMC8419298 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211015330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkenes are reversibly-reactive electrophiles that are endogenously detectable at nM concentrations and display anti-inflammatory, pro-survival actions. These actions are elicited through the alteration of signal transduction proteins via a Michael addition on nucleophilic cysteine thiols. Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), like 9- or 10-nitro-octadec-9-enolic acid, will act on signal transduction proteins directly or on key regulatory proteins to cause an up-regulation or down-regulation of the protein's expression, yielding an anti-inflammatory response. These responses have been characterized in many organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, with the pulmonary system less well defined. Macrophages are one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung and are essential in maintaining lung homeostasis. Despite this, macrophages can play a role in both acute and chronic lung injury due to up-regulation of anti-inflammatory signal transduction pathways and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Through their propensity to alter signal transduction pathways, NO2-FAs may be able to reduce macrophage activation during pulmonary injury. This review will focus on the implications of NO2-FAs on macrophage activation in the lung and the signal transduction pathways that may be altered, leading to reduced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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8
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Begara-Morales JC, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Aranda-Caño L, Barroso JB. Role of electrophilic nitrated fatty acids during development and response to abiotic stress processes in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:917-927. [PMID: 33161434 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are generated from the interaction of unsaturated fatty acids and nitric oxide (NO)-derived molecules. The endogenous occurrence and modulation throughout plant development of nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) suggest a key role for these molecules in initial development stages. In addition, NO2-Ln content increases significantly in stress situations and induces the expression of genes mainly related to abiotic stress, such as genes encoding members of the heat shock response family and antioxidant enzymes. The promoter regions of NO2-Ln-induced genes are also involved mainly in stress responses. These findings confirm that NO2-Ln is involved in plant defense processes against abiotic stress conditions via induction of the chaperone network and antioxidant systems. NO2-Ln signaling capacity lies mainly in its electrophilic nature and allows it to mediate a reversible post-translational modification called nitroalkylation, which is capable of modulating protein function. NO2-Ln is a NO donor that may be involved in NO signaling events and is able to generate S-nitrosoglutathione, the major reservoir of NO in cells and a key player in NO-mediated abiotic stress responses. This review describes the current state of the art regarding the essential role of nitro-fatty acids as signaling mediators in development and abiotic stress processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Lorena Aranda-Caño
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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9
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Trostchansky A, Wood I, Rubbo H. Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106482. [PMID: 33007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Irene Wood
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Mollenhauer M, Mehrkens D, Klinke A, Lange M, Remane L, Friedrichs K, Braumann S, Geißen S, Simsekyilmaz S, Nettersheim FS, Lee S, Peinkofer G, Geisler AC, Geis B, Schwoerer AP, Carrier L, Freeman BA, Dewenter M, Luo X, El-Armouche A, Wagner M, Adam M, Baldus S, Rudolph V. Nitro-fatty acids suppress ischemic ventricular arrhythmias by preserving calcium homeostasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15319. [PMID: 32948795 PMCID: PMC7501300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are electrophilic anti-inflammatory mediators which are generated during myocardial ischemic injury. Whether these species exert anti-arrhythmic effects in the acute phase of myocardial ischemia has not been investigated so far. Herein, we demonstrate that pretreatment of mice with 9- and 10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid (nitro-oleic acid, NO2-OA) significantly reduced the susceptibility to develop acute ventricular tachycardia (VT). Accordingly, epicardial mapping revealed a markedly enhanced homogeneity in ventricular conduction. NO2-OA treatment of isolated cardiomyocytes lowered the number of spontaneous contractions upon adrenergic isoproterenol stimulation and nearly abolished ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2)-dependent sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak. NO2-OA also significantly reduced RyR2-phosphorylation by inhibition of increased CaMKII activity. Thus, NO2-OA might be a novel pharmacological option for the prevention of VT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mollenhauer
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dennis Mehrkens
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/ Angiology, Herz- Und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Max Lange
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Remane
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/ Angiology, Herz- Und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Simon Braumann
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Geißen
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix S Nettersheim
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Lee
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriel Peinkofer
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne C Geisler
- General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Geis
- General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander P Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, DZHK (German Centre of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matti Adam
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/ Angiology, Herz- Und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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11
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Dias IHK, Milic I, Heiss C, Ademowo OS, Polidori MC, Devitt A, Griffiths HR. Inflammation, Lipid (Per)oxidation, and Redox Regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:166-190. [PMID: 31989835 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation increases during the aging process. It is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial macromolecules are critical targets of oxidative damage; they contribute to respiratory uncoupling with increased ROS production, redox stress, and a cycle of senescence, cytokine production, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting the formation or accumulation of oxidized biomolecules, particularly oxidized lipids, in immune cells and mitochondria could be beneficial for age-related inflammation and comorbidities. Recent Advances: Inflammation is central to age-related decline in health and exhibits a complex relationship with mitochondrial redox state and metabolic function. Improvements in mass spectrometric methods have led to the identification of families of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), cholesterols, and fatty acids that increase during inflammation and which modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), activator protein 1 (AP1), and NF-κB redox-sensitive transcription factor activity. Critical Issues: The kinetic and spatial resolution of the modified lipidome has profound and sometimes opposing effects on inflammation, promoting initiation at high concentration and resolution at low concentration of OxPLs. Future Directions: There is an emerging opportunity to prevent or delay age-related inflammation and vascular comorbidity through a resolving (oxy)lipidome that is dependent on improving mitochondrial quality control and restoring redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Milic
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Cologne Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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12
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Vitturi DA, Maynard C, Olsufka M, Straub AC, Krehel N, Kudenchuk PJ, Nichol G, Sayre M, Kim F, Dezfulian C. Nitrite elicits divergent NO-dependent signaling that associates with outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101463. [PMID: 32087553 PMCID: PMC7033352 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain and heart injury cause most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths but limited pharmacotherapy exists to protect these tissues. Nitrite is a nitric oxide precursor that is protective in pre-clinical models of ischemic injury and safe in Phase I testing. Protection may occur by cGMP generation via the sGC pathway or through S-nitrosothiol and nitrated conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) formation. We hypothesized that nitrite provided during CPR signals through multiple pathways and that activation of signals is associated with OHCA outcome. To this end, we performed a secondary analysis of a phase 1 study of intravenous nitrite administration during resuscitation in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Associations between whole blood nitrite and derived plasma signals (cGMP and NO2-CLA) with patient characteristics and outcomes were defined using Chi-square or t-tests and multiple logistic regression. Whole blood nitrite levels correlated inversely with plasma NO2-CLA (p = 0.039) but not with cGMP. Patients with shockable rhythms had higher cGMP (p = 0.027), NO2-CLA (p < 0.0001) and trended towards lower nitrite (p = 0.077). Importantly, plasma cGMP and NO2-CLA levels were higher in survivors (p = 0.033 and 0.019) and in those with good neurological outcome (p = 0.046 and 0.021). Nitrite was lower in patients with good neurologic outcome (p = 0.029). cGMP (OR 4.02; 95% CI 1.04–15.54; p = 0.044) and NO2-CLA (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.11–12.65; p = 0.034) were associated with survival. Nitrite (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.05–0.08; p = 0.026) and NO2-CLA (OR 3.96; 95% CI 1.01–15.60; p = 0.049) were associated with favorable neurologic outcome. In summary, nitrite administration was associated with increased plasma cGMP and NO2-CLA formation in selected OHCA patients. Furthermore, patients with the highest levels of cGMP and NO2-CLA were more likely to survive and experience better neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Charles Maynard
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, USA
| | - Michele Olsufka
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nick Krehel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Peter J Kudenchuk
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Graham Nichol
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Michael Sayre
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, USA
| | - Cameron Dezfulian
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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13
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Mastrogiovanni M, Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. Data of detection and characterization of nitrated conjugated-linoleic acid (NO 2-cLA) in LDL. Data Brief 2020; 28:105037. [PMID: 31909129 PMCID: PMC6940714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, lipid nitration occurs generating nitro-fatty acids (NFA) with pleiotropic activities as modulation of inflammatory cell responses. Foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesion development have been extensively related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Considering our manuscript “Fatty acid nitration in human low-density lipoprotein” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2019.108190), herein we report the oxidation versus nitration of human LDL protein and lipid fractions. Data is shown on LDL fatty acid nitration, in particular, formation and quantitation of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-cLA) under mild nitration conditions. In parallel to NO2-cLA formation, depletion of endogenous antioxidants, protein tyrosine nitration, and carbonyl formation is observed. Overall, our data propose the formation of a potential anti-atherogenic form of LDL carrying NFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andres Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Effect of Free Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Ex Vivo Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010146. [PMID: 31947975 PMCID: PMC7019607 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess free fatty acids’ (FAs) ex vivo anti-/proinflammatory capabilities and their influence on inflammatory gene expression and H2O2 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Anthropometric and clinical measurements were performed in 26 participants with metabolic syndrome. Isolated PBMCs were incubated ex vivo for 2 h with several free fatty acids—palmitic, oleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic at 50 μM, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination. H2O2 production and IL6, NFκB, TLR2, TNFα, and COX-2 gene expressions were determined. Palmitic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acids showed minor effects on inflammatory gene expression, whereas oleic, α-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids reduced proinflammatory gene expression in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. Arachidonic and α-linolenic acids treatment enhanced LPS-stimulated H2O2 production by PBMCs, while palmitic, oleic, γ-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids did not exert significant effects. Oleic, α-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids induced anti-inflammatory responses in PBMCs. Arachidonic and α-linolenic acids enhanced the oxidative status of LPS-stimulated PBMCs. In conclusion, PBMC ex vivo assays are useful to assess the anti-/proinflammatory and redox-modulatory effects of fatty acids or other food bioactive compounds.
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15
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Anavi S, Tirosh O. iNOS as a metabolic enzyme under stress conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:16-35. [PMID: 31672462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical acting as a cellular signaling molecule in many different biochemical processes. NO is synthesized from l-arginine through the action of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes, which includes three isoforms: endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). iNOS-derived NO has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several diseases, including liver diseases, insulin resistance, obesity and diseases of the cardiovascular system. However, transient NO production can modulate metabolism to survive and cope with stress conditions. Accumulating evidence strongly imply that iNOS-derived NO plays a central role in the regulation of several biochemical pathways and energy metabolism including glucose and lipid metabolism during inflammatory conditions. This review summarizes current evidence for the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by iNOS during inflammation, and argues for the role of iNOS as a metabolic enzyme in immune and non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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16
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Yuan Y, Hu X, Chen H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Wang D. Advances in enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133741. [PMID: 31756829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low acid production and acid-forming process instability are becoming the major issues to limit the popularization of anaerobic fermentation to produce volatile fatty acid. Considerable research efforts have been made to address these problems, from studying the microorganisms that are primarily responsible for or detrimental to this process, to determining their biochemical pathways and developing mathematical models that facilitate better prediction of process performance to identify the mechanism and optimization of process control. A limited understanding of the complex microbiology and biochemistry of anaerobic fermentation is the primary cause of acid production upset or failure. This review critically assesses the recent advances in enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge from micro to macro scale, particularly relating to the microbiology, biochemistry, impact factors, and enhancement methods. Previous results suggest that further studies are necessary to substantially promote the efficiency and stability of acid production. One of the promising directions appears to be integrating the existing and growing pretreatment technologies and fermentation processes to enhance metabolic pathways of acetogens but inhibit activities of methanogens, which this study hopes to partially achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yuan
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiayi Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University 411105, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yefeng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University 411105, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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17
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Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Wells G, Hayes JD, Cousin SP, Rumsey WL, Attucks OC, Franklin S, Levonen AL, Kensler TW, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:295-317. [PMID: 30610225 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are critical in the maintenance of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation. Thus, NRF2 activation provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies including chronic diseases of the lung and liver; autoimmune, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; and cancer initiation. One NRF2 activator has received clinical approval and several electrophilic modifiers of the cysteine-based sensor KEAP1 and inhibitors of its interaction with NRF2 are now in clinical development. However, challenges regarding target specificity, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy and safety remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Aranda-Caño L, Sánchez-Calvo B, Begara-Morales JC, Chaki M, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Valderrama R, Barroso JB. Post-Translational Modification of Proteins Mediated by Nitro-Fatty Acids in Plants: Nitroalkylation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040082. [PMID: 30934982 PMCID: PMC6524050 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate fatty acids (NO₂-FAs) are considered reactive lipid species derived from the non-enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by nitric oxide (NO) and related species. Nitrate fatty acids are powerful biological electrophiles which can react with biological nucleophiles such as glutathione and certain protein⁻amino acid residues. The adduction of NO₂-FAs to protein targets generates a reversible post-translational modification called nitroalkylation. In different animal and human systems, NO₂-FAs, such as nitro-oleic acid (NO₂-OA) and conjugated nitro-linoleic acid (NO₂-cLA), have cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory influences in a broad spectrum of pathologies by modulating various intracellular pathways. However, little knowledge on these molecules in the plant kingdom exists. The presence of NO₂-OA and NO₂-cLA in olives and extra-virgin olive oil and nitro-linolenic acid (NO₂-Ln) in Arabidopsis thaliana has recently been detected. Specifically, NO₂-Ln acts as a signaling molecule during seed and plant progression and beneath abiotic stress events. It can also release NO and modulate the expression of genes associated with antioxidant responses. Nevertheless, the repercussions of nitroalkylation on plant proteins are still poorly known. In this review, we demonstrate the existence of endogenous nitroalkylation and its effect on the in vitro activity of the antioxidant protein ascorbate peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Aranda-Caño
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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19
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Melo T, Montero-Bullón JF, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Discovery of bioactive nitrated lipids and nitro-lipid-protein adducts using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101106. [PMID: 30718106 PMCID: PMC6859590 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) undergo reversible Michael adduction reactions with cysteine and histidine residues leading to the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. This electrophilic character of NO2-FA is strictly related to their biological roles. The NO2-FA-induced PTM of signaling proteins can lead to modifications in protein structure, function, and subcellular localization. The nitro lipid-protein adducts trigger a series of downstream signaling events that culminates with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and cytoprotective effects mediated by NO2-FA. These lipoxidation adducts have been detected and characterized both in model systems and in biological samples by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. These MS approaches allow to unequivocally identify the adduct together with the targeted residue of modification. The identification of the modified proteins allows inferring on the possible impact of the NO2-FA-induced modification. This review will focus on MS-based approaches as valuable tools to identify NO2-FA-protein adducts and to unveil the biological effect of this lipoxidation adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Fazzari M, Vitturi DA, Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes are systemically transported and distributed upon esterification to complex lipids. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:388-399. [PMID: 30545956 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids [NO2-FAs (fatty acid nitroalkenes)] showed beneficial signaling actions in preclinical studies and safety in phase 1 clinical trials. A detailed description of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of NO2-FAs is complicated by the capability of electrophilic fatty acids to alkylate thiols reversibly and become esterified in various complex lipids, and the instability of the nitroalkene moiety during enzymatic and base hydrolysis. Herein, we report the mechanism and kinetics of absorption, metabolism, and distribution of the endogenously detectable and prototypical NO2-FA, 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA), in dogs after oral administration. Supported by HPLC-high-resolution-MS/MS analysis of synthetic and plasma-derived 10-NO2-OA-containing triacylglycerides (TAGs), we show that a key mechanism of NO2-FA distribution is an initial esterification into complex lipids. Quantitative analysis of plasma free and esterified lipid fractions confirmed time-dependent preferential incorporation of 10-NO2-OA into TAGs when compared with its principal metabolite, 10-nitro-stearic acid. Finally, new isomers of 10-NO2-OA were identified in vivo, and their electrophilic reactivity and metabolism characterized. Overall, we reveal that NO2-FAs display unique PK, with the principal mechanism of tissue distribution involving complex lipid esterification, which serves to shield the electrophilic character of this mediator from plasma and hepatic inactivation and thus permits efficient distribution to target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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21
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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22
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Anti-inflammatory nitro-fatty acids suppress tumor growth by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Rodriguez-Duarte J, Dapueto R, Galliussi G, Turell L, Kamaid A, Khoo NKH, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Escande C, Batthyány C, Ferrer-Sueta G, López GV. Electrophilic nitroalkene-tocopherol derivatives: synthesis, physicochemical characterization and evaluation of anti-inflammatory signaling responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12784. [PMID: 30143727 PMCID: PMC6109136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the onset and development of chronic non-communicable diseases like obesity, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Combined, these diseases represent the most common causes of death worldwide, thus development of novel pharmacological approaches is crucial. Electrophilic nitroalkenes derived from fatty acids are formed endogenously and exert anti-inflammatory actions by the modification of proteins involved in inflammation signaling cascades. We have developed novel nitroalkenes derived from α-tocopherol aiming to increase its salutary actions by adding anti-inflammatory properties to a well-known nutraceutical. We synthesized and characterized an α-tocopherol-nitroalkene (NATOH) and two hydrosoluble analogues derived from Trolox (NATxME and NATx0). We analyzed the kinetics of the Michael addition reaction of these compounds with thiols in micellar systems aiming to understand the effect of hydrophobic partition on the reactivity of nitroalkenes. We studied NATxME in vitro showing it exerts non-conventional anti-inflammatory responses by inducing Nrf2-Keap1-dependent gene expression and inhibiting the secretion of NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines. NATxME was also effective in vivo, inhibiting neutrophil recruitment in a zebrafish model of inflammation. This work lays the foundation for the rational design of a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodriguez-Duarte
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Germán Galliussi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Kamaid
- INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyány
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gloria V López
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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24
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Buchan GJ, Bonacci G, Fazzari M, Salvatore SR, Gelhaus Wendell S. Nitro-fatty acid formation and metabolism. Nitric Oxide 2018; 79:38-44. [PMID: 30006146 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are pleiotropic modulators of redox signaling pathways. Their effects on inflammatory signaling have been studied in great detail in cell, animal and clinical models primarily using exogenously administered nitro-oleic acid. While we know a considerable amount regarding NO2-FA signaling, endogenous formation and metabolism is relatively unexplored. This review will cover what is currently known regarding the proposed mechanisms of NO2-FA formation, dietary modulation of endogenous NO2-FA levels, pathways of NO2-FA metabolism and the detection of NO2-FA and corresponding metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Buchan
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- CIBICI - CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, (U.N.C.), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba C.P. N°: X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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25
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Nitro-fatty acids: New drug candidates for chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Nitric Oxide 2018; 79:31-37. [PMID: 29944935 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated oleic acid (NO2-OA) was first identified in 2003, and after the characterization of its formation and thiol reactivity, it was used as a prototypical molecule to investigate the physiological actions of endogenous nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA). Based on in vitro observations showing significant activation of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling responses by NO2-FA, experiments were designed to determine their pharmacological potential. Supported by strong intellectual protection and favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, 10-NO2-OA (CXA-10) underwent pharmaceutical development as a drug to treat fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. NO2-FA are at the intersection of three unconventional drug candidate classes that include 1) fatty acids, 2) metabolic intermediates and 3) electrophilic molecules. These three groups use different scaffolds for drug development, are characterized by broad activities and are individually gaining traction as alternatives to mono-target drug therapies. In particular, NO2-FA share key characteristics with currently approved pharmacological agents regarding reactivity, distribution, and mechanism of action. This review first presents the characteristics, liabilities, and opportunities that these different drug candidate classes display, and then discusses these issues in the context of current progress in the preclinical and clinical development of NO2-FA as drugs. Lessons learned from the novel approaches presented herein were considered early on during development to structurally define and improve NO2-FA and their disease targets.
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26
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Olender D, Żwawiak J, Zaprutko L. Multidirectional Efficacy of Biologically Active Nitro Compounds Included in Medicines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E54. [PMID: 29844300 PMCID: PMC6027522 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current concept in searching for new bioactive products, including mainly original active substances with potential application in pharmacy and medicine, is based on compounds with a previously determined structure, well-known properties, and biological activity profile. Nowadays, many commonly used drugs originated from natural sources. Moreover, some natural materials have become the source of leading structures for processing further chemical modifications. Many organic compounds with great therapeutic significance have the nitro group in their structure. Very often, nitro compounds are active substances in many well-known preparations belonging to different groups of medicines that are classified according to their pharmacological potencies. Moreover, the nitro group is part of the chemical structure of veterinary drugs. In this review, we describe many bioactive substances with the nitro group, divided into ten categories, including substances with exciting activity and that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olender
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Justyna Żwawiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Trostchansky A, Mastrogiovanni M, Miquel E, Rodríguez-Bottero S, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina P, Rubbo H. Profile of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Inflammatory Markers and Its Modulation by Nitro-Oleic Acid in an Inherited Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:131. [PMID: 29760648 PMCID: PMC5936757 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of current treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) highlights the need of a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms of the disease. A consistent neuropathological feature of ALS is the extensive inflammation around motor neurons and axonal degeneration, evidenced by accumulation of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Final products of inflammatory processes may be detected as a screening tool to identify treatment response. Herein, we focus on (a) detection of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolization products by lipoxygenase (LOX) and prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase in SOD1G93A mice and (b) evaluate its response to the electrophilic nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). Regarding LOX-derived products, a significant increase in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) levels was detected in SOD1G93A mice both in plasma and brain whereas no changes were observed in age-matched non-Tg mice at the onset of motor symptoms (90 days-old). In addition, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels were greater in SOD1G93A brains compared to non-Tg. Prostaglandin levels were also increased at day 90 in plasma from SOD1G93A compared to non-Tg being similar in both types of animals at later stages of the disease. Administration of NO2-OA 16 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s/c) three times a week to SOD1G93A female mice, lowered the observed increase in brain 12-HETE levels compared to the non-nitrated fatty acid condition, and modified many others inflammatory markers. In addition, NO2-OA significantly improved grip strength and rotarod performance compared to vehicle or OA treated animals. These beneficial effects were associated with increased hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in the spinal cord of treated mice co-localized with reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, significant levels of NO2-OA were detected in brain and spinal cord from NO2-OA -treated mice indicating that nitro-fatty acids (NFA) cross brain–blood barrier and reach the central nervous system to induce neuroprotective actions. In summary, we demonstrate that LOX-derived oxidation products correlate with disease progression. Overall, we are proposing that key inflammatory mediators of AA-derived pathways may be useful as novel footprints of ALS onset and progression as well as NO2-OA as a promising therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto Miquel
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Rodríguez-Bottero
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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28
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Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Sánchez-Calvo B, Begara-Morales JC, Valderrama R, Chaki M, Barroso JB. Biological properties of nitro-fatty acids in plants. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:S1089-8603(17)30286-0. [PMID: 29601928 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are formed from the reaction between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Knowledge concerning NO2-FAs has significantly increased within a few years ago and the beneficial actions of these species uncovered in animal systems have led to consider them as molecules with therapeutic potential. Based on their nature and structure, NO2-FAs have the ability to release nitric oxide (NO) in aqueous environments and the capacity to mediate post-translational modifications (PTM) by nitroalkylation. Recently, based on the potential of these NO-derived molecules in the animal field, the endogenous occurrence of nitrated-derivatives of linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) was assessed in plant species. Moreover and through RNA-seq technology, it was shown that NO2-Ln can induce a large set of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and different antioxidant systems suggesting this molecule may launch antioxidant and defence responses in plants. Furthermore, the capacity of this nitro-fatty acid to release NO has also been demonstrated. In view of this background, here we offer an overview on the biological properties described for NO2-FAs in plants and the potential of these molecules to be considered new key intermediaries of NO metabolism in the plant field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - María N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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29
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Turell L, Steglich M, Alvarez B. The chemical foundations of nitroalkene fatty acid signaling through addition reactions with thiols. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:S1089-8603(17)30305-1. [PMID: 29578058 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkene fatty acids can be formed in vivo and administered exogenously. They exert pleiotropic signaling actions with cytoprotective and antiinflammatory effects. The presence of the potent electron withdrawing nitro group confers electrophilicity to the adjacent β-carbon. Thiols (precisely, thiolates) are strong nucleophiles and can react with nitroalkene fatty acids through reversible Michael addition reactions. In addition, nitroalkene fatty acids can undergo several other processes including metabolic oxidation, reduction, esterification, nitric oxide release and partition into hydrophobic compartments. The signaling actions of nitroalkenes are mainly mediated by reactions with critical thiols in regulatory proteins. Thus, the thio-Michael addition reaction provides a framework for understanding the molecular basis of the biological effects of nitroalkene fatty acids at the crossroads of thiol signaling and electrophilic lipid signaling. In this review, we describe the reactions of nitroalkene fatty acids in biological contexts. We focus on the Michael addition-elimination reaction with thiols and its mechanism, and extrapolate kinetic and thermodynamic considerations to in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Martina Steglich
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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30
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Melo T, Marques SS, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Domingues P, Segundo MA, Domingues MRM. New Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Nitrated Phospholipids. Lipids 2018; 53:117-131. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sara S. Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
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31
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Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes regulate Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling:A medicinal chemistry investigation of structure-function relationships. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2295. [PMID: 29396403 PMCID: PMC5797128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives (NO2-FA) activate Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene expression and inhibit NF-κB-dependent cytokine expression. To better define NO2-FA structure-function relationships, a series of 22 new chemical entities (NCEs) containing an electrophilic nitroalkene functional group were synthesized and screened for both Nrf2- and NF-κB activities using luciferase-based assays. The structural variables were acyl chain length (11 to 24 carbons) and position of the electrophilic nitroalkene group. In luciferase-based reporter assays, Nrf2 was maximally activated by omega-12 nitroalkene fatty acids while TNFα stimulated NF-κB-inhibition was maximal for omega-5 nitroalkenes. The top pathway-modulating NO2-FAs were a) evaluated for an ability to activate Nrf2-dependent signaling and inhibit NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells and b) compared to electrophilic compounds in clinical development. These findings revealed that 8/9-nitro-eicos-8-enoic acid (NCE-10) was collectively the most effective NCE and that both the α and ω acyl chain lengths influence nitroalkene activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. This insight will guide development of more effective non-natural homologs of endogenously-detectable fatty acid nitroalkenes as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug candidates.
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32
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Mathers AR, Carey CD, Killeen ME, Salvatore SR, Ferris LK, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ, Falo LD. Topical electrophilic nitro-fatty acids potentiate cutaneous inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:31-42. [PMID: 29132974 PMCID: PMC5767521 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous electrophilic fatty acids mediate anti-inflammatory responses by modulating metabolic and inflammatory signal transduction and gene expression. Nitro-fatty acids and other electrophilic fatty acids may thus be useful for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory skin disorders. In this regard, subcutaneous (SC) injections of nitro oleic acid (OA-NO2), an exemplary nitro-fatty acid, inhibit skin inflammation in a model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Given the nitration of unsaturated fatty acids during metabolic and inflammatory processes and the growing use of fatty acids in topical formulations, we sought to further study the effect of nitro-fatty acids on cutaneous inflammation. To accomplish this, the effect of topically applied OA-NO2 on skin inflammation was evaluated using established murine models of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). In contrast to the effects of subcutaneously injected OA-NO2, topical OA-NO2 potentiated hapten-dependent inflammation inducing a sustained neutrophil-dependent inflammatory response characterized by psoriasiform histological features, increased angiogenesis, and an inflammatory infiltrate that included neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and γδ T cells. Consistent with these results, HPLC-MS/MS analysis of skin from psoriasis patients displayed a 56% increase in nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA-NO2) levels in lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin. These results suggest that nitro-fatty acids in the skin microenvironment are products of cutaneous inflammatory responses and, in high local concentrations, may exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Mathers
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA; Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA.
| | - Cara D Carey
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Meaghan E Killeen
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA; Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
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33
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Villacorta L, Minarrieta L, Salvatore SR, Khoo NK, Rom O, Gao Z, Berman RC, Jobbagy S, Li L, Woodcock SR, Chen YE, Freeman BA, Ferreira AM, Schopfer FJ, Vitturi DA. In situ generation, metabolism and immunomodulatory signaling actions of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid in a murine model of inflammation. Redox Biol 2018; 15:522-531. [PMID: 29413964 PMCID: PMC5881417 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a prime substrate for intra-gastric nitration giving rise to the formation of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA). Herein, NO2-CLA generation is demonstrated within the context of acute inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage activation resulted in dose- and time-dependent CLA nitration and also in the production of secondary electrophilic and non-electrophilic derivatives. Both exogenous NO2-CLA as well as that generated in situ, attenuated NF-κB-dependent gene expression, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and up-regulated Nrf2-regulated proteins. Importantly, both CLA nitration and the corresponding downstream anti-inflammatory actions of NO2-CLA were recapitulated in a mouse peritonitis model where NO2-CLA administration decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited leukocyte recruitment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the formation of NO2-CLA has the potential to function as an adaptive response capable of not only modulating inflammation amplitude but also protecting neighboring tissues via the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villacorta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lucia Minarrieta
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química y Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas K Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca C Berman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Soma Jobbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana M Ferreira
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química y Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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34
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Mesaros C, Arroyo AD, Blair IA, Snyder NW. Coenzyme A thioester formation of 11- and 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 130:1-7. [PMID: 28238887 PMCID: PMC5446925 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Release of arachidonic acid (AA) by cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), followed by metabolism through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), results in the formation of the eicosanoids 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxo-ETE). Both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE have been identified in human biospecimens but their function and further metabolism is poorly described. The oxo-ETEs contain an α,β-unsaturated ketone and a free carboxyclic acid, and thus may form Michael adducts with a nucleophile or a thioester with the free thiol of Coenzyme A (CoA). To examine the potential for eicosanoid-CoA formation, which has not previously been a metabolic route examined for this class of lipids, we applied a semi-targeted neutral loss scanning approach following arachidonic acid treatment in cell culture and detected inducible long-chain acyl-CoAs including a predominant AA-CoA peak. Interestingly, a series of AA-inducible acyl-CoAs at lower abundance but higher mass, likely corresponding to eicosanoid metabolites, was detected. Using a targeted LC-MS/MS approach we detected the formation of CoA thioesters of both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE and monitored the kinetics of their formation. Subsequently, we demonstrated that these acyl-CoA species undergo up to four double bond reductions. We confirmed the generation of 15-oxo-ETE-CoA in human platelets via LC-high resolution MS. Acyl-CoA thioesters of eicosanoids may provide a route to generate reducing equivalents, substrates for fatty acid oxidation, and substrates for acyl-transferases through cPLA2-dependent eicosanoid metabolism outside of the signaling contexts traditionally ascribed to eicosanoid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Mesaros
- Penn SRP and Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Alejandro D Arroyo
- Penn SRP and Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn SRP and Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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35
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Evaluation of 10-Nitro Oleic Acid Bio-Elimination in Rats and Humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39900. [PMID: 28054588 PMCID: PMC5215368 DOI: 10.1038/srep39900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids are endogenously present in human and animal tissues, as well as in plant-derived oils. In particular, 10-nitro oleic acid (10-NO2-OA) potently induces Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression and inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signaling, thus promoting an overall cyto-protective and anti-inflammatory response. 10-NO2-OA has been extensively tested in animal models and is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in humans. Bio-elimination pathways for 10-NO2-OA were evaluated in rats (30 mg/kg·day) and in humans (0.34 mg/kg) using samples obtained from a double-blind, dose-rising clinical trial. Quantitative radiochromatographic/MS analysis indicated that the renal and fecal pathways are the main routes for 10-NO2-OA excretion in rats, and allowed the identification of 4-nitro-octanedioic acid (NO2-8:0-diCOOH) as the most abundant metabolite in rat urine. In addition, high resolution LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of a novel series of urinary metabolites including ω-carboxylation and β-oxidation products, as well as N-acetylcysteine, taurine and sulfo-conjugates in both rats and humans. Overall, the findings reported herein not only provide valuable tools for the experimental evaluation of 10-NO2-OA levels in vivo, but importantly they also set the basis for monitoring its metabolism during potential clinical interventions in humans.
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36
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Electrophilic Nitro-Fatty Acids: Nitric Oxide and Nitrite-Derived Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling Mediators. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Padilla MN, Mata-Pérez C, Melguizo M, Barroso JB. In vitro nitro-fatty acid release from Cys-NO 2-fatty acid adducts under nitro-oxidative conditions. Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:14-22. [PMID: 28030780 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress situations are characterized by a rise in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), or nitroalkenes, are produced by the interaction of RNS and unsaturated fatty acids, stored in cells, mostly as part of protein-adducted NO2-FAs, and are esterified in complex lipids. These molecules, which have been shown to play a pivotal role as anti-inflammatory and pro-survival players, have been widely characterized in animal systems. Recently, it has been reported that NO2-FAs play an important role in plant defense against several stress conditions. Furthermore, a significant increase in NO2-FA levels has been observed under various inflammatory and stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems. In this study, we describe the in vitro release of NO2-FAs from protein-adducts under nitro-oxidative stress conditions. The findings of this study highlight the ability of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, as representative ROS and RNS molecules induced under stress conditions, to oxidize cysteine-adducted NO2-FAs, which is followed by the release of free nitroalkenes. This release may be partly responsible for the increase in NO2-FA content observed under different stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems as well as the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Padilla
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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38
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Turell L, Vitturi DA, Coitiño EL, Lebrato L, Möller MN, Sagasti C, Salvatore SR, Woodcock SR, Alvarez B, Schopfer FJ. The Chemical Basis of Thiol Addition to Nitro-conjugated Linoleic Acid, a Protective Cell-signaling Lipid. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1145-1159. [PMID: 27923813 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroalkene fatty acids are formed in vivo and exert protective and anti-inflammatory effects via reversible Michael addition to thiol-containing proteins in key signaling pathways. Nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) is preferentially formed, constitutes the most abundant nitrated fatty acid in humans, and contains two carbons that could potentially react with thiols, modulating signaling actions and levels. In this work, we examined the reactions of NO2-CLA with low molecular weight thiols (glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine, and β-mercaptoethanol) and human serum albumin. Reactions followed reversible biphasic kinetics, consistent with the presence of two electrophilic centers in NO2-CLA located on the β- and δ-carbons with respect to the nitro group. The differential reactivity was confirmed by computational modeling of the electronic structure. The rates (kon and koff) and equilibrium constants for both reactions were determined for different thiols. LC-UV-Visible and LC-MS analyses showed that the fast reaction corresponds to β-adduct formation (the kinetic product), while the slow reaction corresponds to the formation of the δ-adduct (the thermodynamic product). The pH dependence of the rate constants, the correlation between intrinsic reactivity and thiol pKa, and the absence of deuterium solvent kinetic isotope effects suggested stepwise mechanisms with thiolate attack on NO2-CLA as rate-controlling step. Computational modeling supported the mechanism and revealed additional features of the transition states, anionic intermediates, and final neutral products. Importantly, the detection of cysteine-δ-adducts in human urine provided evidence for the biological relevance of this reaction. Finally, human serum albumin was found to bind NO2-CLA both non-covalently and to form covalent adducts at Cys-34, suggesting potential modes for systemic distribution. These results provide new insights into the chemical basis of NO2-CLA signaling actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Turell
- From the Laboratorios de Enzimología.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay and
| | - Darío A Vitturi
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | | | - Lourdes Lebrato
- From the Laboratorios de Enzimología.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay and
| | - Matías N Möller
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay and.,Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and
| | | | - Sonia R Salvatore
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- From the Laboratorios de Enzimología, .,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay and
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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39
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Fazzari M, Khoo NKH, Woodcock SR, Jorkasky DK, Li L, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA. Nitro-fatty acid pharmacokinetics in the adipose tissue compartment. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:375-385. [PMID: 27913584 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs) promote adaptive and anti-inflammatory cell signaling responses as a result of an electrophilic character that supports posttranslational protein modifications. A unique pharmacokinetic profile is expected for NO2-FAs because of an ability to undergo reversible reactions including Michael addition with cysteine-containing proteins and esterification into complex lipids. Herein, we report via quantitative whole-body autoradiography analysis of rats gavaged with radiolabeled 10-nitro-[14C]oleic acid, preferential accumulation in adipose tissue over 2 weeks. To better define the metabolism and incorporation of NO2-FAs and their metabolites in adipose tissue lipids, adipocyte cultures were supplemented with 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA), nitro-stearic acid, nitro-conjugated linoleic acid, and nitro-linolenic acid. Then, quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on adipocyte neutral and polar lipid fractions, both before and after acid hydrolysis of esterified FAs. NO2-FAs preferentially incorporated in monoacyl- and diacylglycerides, while reduced metabolites were highly enriched in triacylglycerides. This differential distribution profile was confirmed in vivo in the adipose tissue of NO2-OA-treated mice. This pattern of NO2-FA deposition lends new insight into the unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic actions that could be expected for this chemically-reactive class of endogenous signaling mediators and synthetic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | | | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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40
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Melo T, Domingues P, Ferreira R, Milic I, Fedorova M, Santos SM, Segundo MA, Domingues MRM. Recent Advances on Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Nitrated Phospholipids. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2622-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivana Milic
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sérgio M. Santos
- Department
of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário M. Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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41
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Calvo B, Padilla MN, Begara-Morales JC, Luque F, Melguizo M, Jiménez-Ruiz J, Fierro-Risco J, Peñas-Sanjuán A, Valderrama R, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitro-Fatty Acids in Plant Signaling: Nitro-Linolenic Acid Induces the Molecular Chaperone Network in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:686-701. [PMID: 26628746 PMCID: PMC4734579 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are the product of the reaction between reactive nitrogen species derived of nitric oxide (NO) and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal systems, NO2-FAs are considered novel signaling mediators of cell function based on a proven antiinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the interaction of NO with fatty acids in plant systems has scarcely been studied. Here, we examine the endogenous occurrence of nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln) in Arabidopsis and the modulation of NO2-Ln levels throughout this plant's development by mass spectrometry. The observed levels of this NO2-FA at picomolar concentrations suggested its role as a signaling effector of cell function. In fact, a transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq technology established a clear signaling role for this molecule, demonstrating that NO2-Ln was involved in plant defense response against different abiotic-stress conditions, mainly by inducing heat shock proteins and supporting a conserved mechanism of action in both animal and plant defense processes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NO2-Ln was also involved in the response to oxidative stress conditions, mainly depicted by H2O2, reactive oxygen species, and oxygen-containing compound responses, with a high induction of ascorbate peroxidase expression. Closely related to these results, NO2-Ln levels significantly rose under several abiotic-stress conditions such as wounding or exposure to salinity, cadmium, and low temperature, thus validating the outcomes found by RNA-seq technology. Jointly, to our knowledge, these are the first results showing the endogenous presence of NO2-Ln in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and supporting the strong signaling role of these molecules in the defense mechanism against different abiotic-stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - María N Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Ruiz
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Jesús Fierro-Risco
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Antonio Peñas-Sanjuán
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils (C.M.-P., B.S.-C., M.N.P, J.C.B.-M., F.L., J.J.-R., J.F.-R., R.V., J.B.B.) and Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (M.M., A.P.-S.), Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain; andGroup of Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food, and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain (F.J.C.)
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Villacorta L, Gao Z, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Chen YE. Nitro-fatty acids in cardiovascular regulation and diseases: characteristics and molecular mechanisms. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:873-89. [PMID: 26709810 DOI: 10.2741/4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are endogenously formed by redox reactions of nitric oxide ((.)NO)- and nitrite ((.)NO2)- derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acids. Nitration preferentially occurs on polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated dienes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as during digestion, metabolism and as adaptive inflammatory processes. Nitro-fatty acids are present in free and esterified forms achieving broad biodistribution in humans and experimental models. Structural, functional and biological characterization of NO2-FAs has revealed clinically relevant protection from inflammatory injury in a number of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic experimental models. NO2-FAs are engaged in posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of a selective redox sensitive pool of proteins and regulate key adaptive signaling pathways involved in cellular homeostasis and inflammatory response. Here, we review and update the biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling actions of NO2-FAs, highlighting their diverse protective roles relevant to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villacorta
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,,
| | - Zhen Gao
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1343 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1343 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Delmastro-Greenwood M, Hughan KS, Vitturi DA, Salvatore SR, Grimes G, Potti G, Shiva S, Schopfer FJ, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Gelhaus Wendell S. Nitrite and nitrate-dependent generation of anti-inflammatory fatty acid nitroalkenes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:333-41. [PMID: 26385079 PMCID: PMC4684780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A gap in our understanding of the beneficial systemic responses to dietary constituents nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)) and conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) is the identification of the downstream metabolites that mediate their actions. To examine these reactions in a clinical context, investigational drug preparations of (15)N-labeled NO3(-) and NO2(-) were orally administered to healthy humans with and without cLA. Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma and urine indicated that the nitrating species nitrogen dioxide was formed and reacted with the olefinic carbons of unsaturated fatty acids to yield the electrophilic fatty acid, nitro-cLA (NO2-cLA). These species mediate the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins via reversible Michael addition with nucleophilic amino acids. The PTM of critical target proteins by electrophilic lipids has been described as a sensing mechanism that regulates adaptive cellular responses, but little is known about the endogenous generation of fatty acid nitroalkenes and their metabolites. We report that healthy humans consuming (15)N-labeled NO3(-) or NO2(-), with and without cLA supplementation, produce (15)NO2-cLA and corresponding metabolites that are detected in plasma and urine. These data support that the dietary constituents NO3(-), NO2(-) and cLA promote the further generation of secondary electrophilic lipid products that are absorbed into the circulation at concentrations sufficient to exert systemic effects before being catabolized or excreted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara S Hughan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - George Grimes
- Pharmaceutical Development Section, Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gopal Potti
- Pharmaceutical Development Section, Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA.
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44
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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Rudolph TK, Ravekes T, Klinke A, Friedrichs K, Mollenhauer M, Pekarova M, Ambrozova G, Martiskova H, Kaur JJ, Matthes B, Schwoerer A, Woodcock SR, Kubala L, Freeman BA, Baldus S, Rudolph V. Nitrated fatty acids suppress angiotensin II-mediated fibrotic remodelling and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:174-84. [PMID: 26598510 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Atrial fibrosis, one of the most striking features in the pathology of atrial fibrillation (AF), is promoted by local and systemic inflammation. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes, endogenously generated by both metabolic and inflammatory reactions, are anti-inflammatory mediators that in synthetic form may be useful as drug candidates. Herein we investigate whether an exemplary nitro-fatty acid can limit atrial fibrosis and AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type C57BL6/J mice were treated for 2 weeks with angiotensin II (AngII) and vehicle or nitro-oleic acid (10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid, OA-NO2, 6 mg/kg body weight) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. OA-NO2 significantly inhibited atrial fibrosis and depressed vulnerability for AF during right atrial electrophysiological stimulation to levels observed for AngII-naive animals. Left atrial epicardial mapping studies demonstrated preservation of conduction homogeneity by OA-NO2. The protection from fibrotic remodelling was mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent myofibroblast transdifferentiation and inhibition of Nox2-dependent atrial superoxide formation. CONCLUSION OA-NO2 potently inhibits atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF. Nitro-fatty acids and possibly other lipid electrophiles thus emerge as potential therapeutic agents for AF, either by increasing endogenous levels through dietary modulation or by administration as synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K Rudolph
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorben Ravekes
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Martiskova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jatinder-Jit Kaur
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Matthes
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lukas Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. I, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Koenitzer JR, Bonacci G, Woodcock SR, Chen CS, Cantu-Medellin N, Kelley EE, Schopfer FJ. Fatty acid nitroalkenes induce resistance to ischemic cardiac injury by modulating mitochondrial respiration at complex II. Redox Biol 2015; 8:1-10. [PMID: 26722838 PMCID: PMC4710799 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are metabolic and inflammatory-derived electrophiles that mediate pleiotropic signaling actions. It was hypothesized that NO2-FA would impact mitochondrial redox reactions to induce tissue-protective metabolic shifts in cells. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) reversibly inhibited complex II-linked respiration in isolated rat heart mitochondria in a pH-dependent manner and suppressed superoxide formation. Nitroalkylation of Fp subunit was determined by BME capture and the site of modification by OA-NO2 defined by mass spectrometric analysis. These effects translated into reduced basal and maximal respiration and favored glycolytic metabolism in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts as assessed by extracellular H+ and O2 flux analysis. The perfusion of NO2-FA induced acute cardioprotection in an isolated perfused heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model as evidenced by significantly higher rate-pressure products. Together these findings indicate that NO2-FA can promote cardioprotection by inducing a shift from respiration to glycolysis and suppressing reactive species formation in the post-ischemic interval. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) reversibly inhibits complex II-linked respiration. Nitrated fatty acid favor a switch from beta oxidation to glycolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Nitrated fatty acid induce cardioprotection in a heart ischemia/reperfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Koenitzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chen-Shan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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47
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Fazzari M, Khoo N, Woodcock SR, Li L, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Generation and esterification of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes in triacylglycerides. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:113-24. [PMID: 26066303 PMCID: PMC4615386 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes (NO(2)-FA) are products of nitric oxide and nitrite-mediated unsaturated fatty acid nitration. These electrophilic products induce pleiotropic signaling actions that modulate metabolic and inflammatory responses in cell and animal models. The metabolism of NO(2)-FA includes reduction of the vinyl nitro moiety by prostaglandin reductase-1, mitochondrial β-oxidation, and Michael addition with low molecular weight nucleophilic amino acids. Complex lipid reactions of fatty acid nitroalkenes are not well defined. Herein we report the detection and characterization of NO(2)-FA-containing triacylglycerides (NO(2)-FA-TAG) via mass spectrometry-based methods. In this regard, unsaturated fatty acids of dietary triacylglycerides are targets for nitration reactions during gastric acidification, where NO(2)-FA-TAG can be detected in rat plasma after oral administration of nitro-oleic acid (NO(2)-OA). Furthermore, the characterization and profiling of these species, including the generation of beta oxidation and dehydrogenation products, could be detected in NO(2)-OA-supplemented adipocytes. These data revealed that NO(2)-FA-TAG, formed by either the direct nitration of esterified unsaturated fatty acids or the incorporation of nitrated free fatty acids into triacylglycerides, contribute to the systemic distribution of these reactive electrophilic mediators and may serve as a depot for subsequent mobilization by lipases to in turn impact adipocyte homeostasis and tissue signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA.
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA.
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Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Cyclic Fatty Acids Found in Frying Oils are Detoxified via Classical Drug Metabolic Pathway but also by β-Oxidation and Eliminated as Conjugates in Rats. Lipids 2015; 50:381-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Trettin A, Böhmer A, Zoerner AA, Gutzki FM, Jordan J, Tsikas D. GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS studies on unlabelled and deuterium-labelled oleic acid (C18:1) reactions with peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in buffer and hemolysate support the pM/nM-range of nitro-oleic acids in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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