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Jin J, Guo Q, Yan Z. The Role of Lutheran/Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule in Hematological Diseases and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7268. [PMID: 39000374 PMCID: PMC11242806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a dynamic process that plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation, maintenance, differentiation, and migration. Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), also known as Lutheran (Lu), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Lu/BCAM, which is widely expressed in red blood cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells across various tissues, playing a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cell motility and cell migration. Moreover, Lu/BCAM, dysregulated in many diseases, such as blood diseases and various types of cancer, may act as a biomarker and target for the treatment of these diseases. This review explores the significance of Lu/BCAM in cell adhesion and its potential as a novel target for treating hematological diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhibin Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.J.); (Q.G.)
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Li R, Yan X, Zhong W, Zheng J, Li X, Liang J, Hu Z, Liu H, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhang J, Qu E, Liu W. Stratifin promotes the malignant progression of HCC via binding and hyperactivating AKT signaling. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216761. [PMID: 38490326 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In this study, we reveal the pivotal role of Stratifin (SFN), also recognized as 14-3-3σ, in driving HCC progression. Our investigation underscores a substantial upregulation of SFN within HCC tissues, manifesting a significant association with worse prognostic outcomes among HCC patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that SFN overexpression significantly amplifies proliferation, mitigates sorafenib-induced effects on HCC cells, and enhances tumorigenesis. While SFN silencing exerts converse effects on HCC progression. Additionally, we unveil a critical interaction between SFN and AKT, where SFN boosts AKT kinase activity by disrupting the binding of PHLPP2 and AKT, thereby intensifying the malignant progression of HCC cells. In conclusion, this study identifies the oncogenic role of SFN and elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the SFN/AKT axis in HCC, which may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of HCC progression and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xijing Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhongying Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Enze Qu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Anjum AA, Lin MJ, Jin L, Li GQ. A critical role for the nuclear protein Akirin in larval development in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38783592 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Akirin is a nuclear protein that controls development in vertebrates and invertebrates. The function of Akirin has not been assessed in any Coleopteran insects. We found that high levels of akirin transcripts in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, a serious Coleopteran potato defoliator (hereafter Hvakirin), were present at prepupal, pupal and adult stages, especially in larval foregut and fat body. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Hvakirin impaired larval development. The Hvakirin RNAi larvae arrested development at the final larval instar stage. They remained as stunted larvae, gradually blackened and finally died. Moreover, the remodelling of gut and fat body was inhibited in the Hvakirin depleted larvae. Two layers of cuticles, old and newly formed, were noted in the dsegfp-injected animals. In contrast, only a layer of cuticle was found in the dsakirin-injected beetles, indicating the arrest of larval development. Furthermore, the expression of three transforming growth factor-β cascade genes (Hvsmox, Hvmyo and Hvbabo), a 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) receptor gene (HvEcR) and six 20E response genes (HvHR3, HvHR4, HvE75, HvBrC, HvE93 and Hvftz-f1) was significantly repressed, consistent with decreased 20E signalling. Conversely, the transcription of a juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis gene (Hvjhamt), a JH receptor gene (HvMet) and two JH response genes (HvKr-h1 and HvHairy) was greatly enhanced. Our findings suggest a critical role of Akirin in larval development in H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Anjum
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Lin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Stehn JR, Floyd SR, Wilker EW, Reinhardt HC, Clarke SM, Huang Q, Polakiewicz RD, Sonenberg N, Kong YW, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 phosphorylation of PABPC1 controls its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after DNA damage: A combined kinase and protein array approach. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148933. [PMID: 37091863 PMCID: PMC10117672 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response to stress and DNA damage including regulation of metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and apoptotic cell death by binding to protein substrates of basophilic protein kinases following their phosphorylation on specific serine/threonine residues. Although over 200 mammalian proteins that bind to 14-3-3 have been identified, largely through proteomic studies, in many cases the relevant protein kinase responsible for conferring 14-3-3-binding to these proteins is not known. To facilitate the identification of kinase-specific 14-3-3 clients, we developed a biochemical approach using high-density protein filter arrays and identified the translational regulatory molecule PABPC1 as a substrate for Chk1 and MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK2) in vitro, and for MK2 in vivo, whose phosphorylation results in 14-3-3-binding. We identify Ser-470 on PABPC1 within the linker region connecting the RRM domains to the PABC domain as the critical 14-3-3-binding site, and demonstrate that loss of PABPC1 binding to 14-3-3 results in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R. Stehn
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott M. Clarke
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuying Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Surgical Oncology, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Chen D, Wang H. Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) responds to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by activating toll and immune deficiency signaling pathways and transcription of associated immune response genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:611-622. [PMID: 35809883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, several genes controlled by the Toll and immunodeficiency (IMD) signaling cascade are altered during microbial infection. However, little is known about the expression patterns of innate immune response genes in red-clawed crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). In the present study, the transcription of five genes was assessed in C. quadricarinatus challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus). The expression of Relish, Toll-like receptor (TLR), tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 (TRAF6), Akirin, and IMD in different tissues and at different time points after infection were assessed. In addition, the Relish gene was amplified, the protein conformation of the Relish gene was predicted, and gene expression changes associated with antimicrobial peptide production in C. quadricarinatus were analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi). During V. parahaemolyticus infection, the transcripts of the above five genes were significantly increased in the hepatopancreas of C. quadricarinatus (P < 0.05). In contrast, TLR was significantly downregulated in muscle tissue at the initial stage of infection (P < 0.05); TRAF6 and IMD were significantly down-regulated throughout infection (P < 0.05); Akirin transcripts had the lowest abundance at 24 h post-infection; Relish, IMD and Akirin genes were significantly up-regulated in gill tissue at the early stage of infection (P < 0.05); only TRAF6 was significantly up-regulated at 6, 24 and 48 h after infection. The Relish gene of C. quadricarinatus is closely related to the Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the Relish gene was knocked down by RNAi, the V. parahaemolyticus challenge showed that the mortality rate of the RANi group was significantly higher than that of the NC group; pathological sections showed that the hepatopancreatic tissue damage was the most severe 12 h after the interference; and the interference significantly inhibited IRF4, NF-κB, ALF, laccase, SOD1, and lectin genes. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the Toll and IMD pathways are activated in C. quadricarinatus in response to bacterial infection and that genes associated with these pathways are differentially transcribed in different tissues. This study provides insights into the Toll and IMD signaling pathways and the spatiotemporal expression of key genes regulating bacterial infection resistance in C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanduan Chen
- College of Agronomy Liaocheng University, Liaochen, 252000, China; Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Identification of AKIRIN2 as a potential biomarker and correlation with immunotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8400. [PMID: 35589807 PMCID: PMC9120157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is major type of gastric cancer that endangers human health. AKIRIN2 has been shown to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma promoting invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, AKIRIN2 is highly expressed in Gastric adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis based on Stomach adenocarcinoma samples data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlation analysis showed that the high-expression of AKIRIN2 was associated with poor survival rate compared to the low-expression group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the correlation between clinical characteristics and overall survival. Next, the correlation between AKIRIN2 and immune infiltration was evaluated. The distribution of 24 immune cells and their correlation with the expression of AKIRIN2 were explored using the immune cell database. In addition, three Immune cell methods were used to verify the positive correlation between immune cells and AKIRIN2. Also, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was utilized to verify the correlation between AKIRIN2 expression level and the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The results showed that AKIRIN2 is an effective biomarker of Gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis, which can guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy and clarify the progress of Gastric adenocarcinoma promoted by immune microenvironment.
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Peek SL, Bosch PJ, Bahl E, Iverson BJ, Parida M, Bais P, Manak JR, Michaelson JJ, Burgess RW, Weiner JA. p53-mediated neurodegeneration in the absence of the nuclear protein Akirin2. iScience 2022; 25:103814. [PMID: 35198879 PMCID: PMC8844820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper gene regulation is critical for both neuronal development and maintenance as the brain matures. We previously demonstrated that Akirin2, an essential nuclear protein that interacts with transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes, is required for the embryonic formation of the cerebral cortex. Here we show that Akirin2 plays a mechanistically distinct role in maintaining healthy neurons during cortical maturation. Restricting Akirin2 loss to excitatory cortical neurons resulted in progressive neurodegeneration via necroptosis and severe cortical atrophy with age. Comparing transcriptomes from Akirin2-null postnatal neurons and cortical progenitors revealed that targets of the tumor suppressor p53, a regulator of both proliferation and cell death encoded by Trp53, were consistently upregulated. Reduction of Trp53 rescued neurodegeneration in Akirin2-null neurons. These data: (1) implicate Akirin2 as a critical neuronal maintenance protein, (2) identify p53 pathways as mediators of Akirin2 functions, and (3) suggest Akirin2 dysfunction may be relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Peek
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peter J. Bosch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ethan Bahl
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brianna J. Iverson
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mrutyunjaya Parida
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Roy J. Carver Center for Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Preeti Bais
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - J. Robert Manak
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Roy J. Carver Center for Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob J. Michaelson
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Singh AK, Verma S, Kushwaha PP, Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kumar S, Gupta S. Role of ZBTB7A zinc finger in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4703-4719. [PMID: 34014468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger and BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric a brac) domain containing protein 7A (ZBTB7A) is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays an important role in various stages of cell proliferation, differentiation, and other developmental processes. ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family that directly and specifically binds to short DNA recognition sites located near their target genes thereby acting as transcriptional activator or repressor. ZBTB7A overexpression has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in various human cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian, and colon cancer. However in some instances downregulation of ZBTB7A results in tumor progression, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. ZBTB7A is involved with complicated regulatory networks which include protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. ZBTB7A involvement in cancer progression and metastasis is perhaps enabled through the regulation of various signaling pathways depending on the type and genetic context of cancer. The association of ZBTB7A with other proteins affects cancer aggressiveness, therapeutic resistance and clinical outcome. This review focuses on the involvement of ZBTB7A in various signaling pathways and its role in cancer progression. We will also review the literature on ZBTB7A and cancer which could be potentially explored for its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Shanaka KASN, Madushani KP, Madusanka RK, Tharuka MDN, Sellaththurai S, Yang H, Jung S, Lee J. Transcription profile, NF-ĸB promoter activation, and antiviral activity of Amphiprion clarkii Akirin-2. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:14-23. [PMID: 33259930 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal defense system constitutes a series of distinct mechanisms that specifically defend against microbial invasion. Understanding these complex biological mechanisms is of paramount importance for implementing disease prevention strategies. In this study, the transcription factor, Akirin-2 was identified from ornamental fish Amphiprion clarkii and its involvement in immune response was characterized. A. clarkii Akirin-2 (AcAkirin-2) was identified as a highly conserved protein with two nuclear localization signals. In-vitro localization analysis in fathead minnow cells revealed that AcAkirin-2 is strictly localized to the nucleus. With regard to tissue-specific expression without immune challenge, AcAkirin-2 expression was highest in the brain and lowest in the liver. Immune challenge experiments revealed that AcAkirin-2 expression was the strongest in response to poly I:C. Overexpression of AcAkirin-2 alone did not enhanced NF-ĸB activity significantly in HEK293T cells; however, it significantly enhanced NF-ĸB activity in the presence of poly I:C. AcAkirin-2-mediated expression of antiviral genes was analyzed using qPCR in mullet kidney cells and plaque assay was performed to decipher the involvement of AcAkirin-2 in antiviral immunity. AcAkirin-2 overexpression significantly enhanced the expression of Viperin but not of Mx. Plaque assays revealed the ability of AcAkirin-2 to enervate VHSV titers. Taken together, this study unveiled the involvement of AcAkirin-2 in NF-ĸB-mediated transcription of antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajamanthrilage Kasun Madusanka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Bosch PJ, Peek SL, Smolikove S, Weiner JA. Akirin proteins in development and disease: critical roles and mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4237-4254. [PMID: 32361777 PMCID: PMC7606436 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Akirin genes, which encode small, nuclear proteins, were first characterized in 2008 in Drosophila and rodents. Early studies demonstrated important roles in immune responses and tumorigenesis, which subsequent work found to be highly conserved. More recently, a multiplicity of Akirin functions, and the associated molecular mechanisms involved, have been uncovered. Here, we comprehensively review what is known about invertebrate Akirin and its two vertebrate homologues Akirin1 and Akirin2, highlighting their role in regulating gene expression changes across a number of biological systems. We detail essential roles for Akirin family proteins in the development of the brain, limb, and muscle, in meiosis, and in tumorigenesis, emphasizing associated signaling pathways. We describe data supporting the hypothesis that Akirins act as a "bridge" between a variety of transcription factors and major chromatin remodeling complexes, and discuss several important questions remaining to be addressed. In little more than a decade, Akirin proteins have gone from being completely unknown to being increasingly recognized as evolutionarily conserved mediators of gene expression programs essential for the formation and function of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Stacey L Peek
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Akirin Is Required for Muscle Function and Acts Through the TGF-β Sma/Mab Signaling Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:387-400. [PMID: 31767636 PMCID: PMC6945016 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Akirin, a conserved metazoan protein, functions in muscle development in flies and mice. However, this was only tested in the rodent and fly model systems. Akirin was shown to act with chromatin remodeling complexes in transcription and was established as a downstream target of the NFκB pathway. Here we show a role for Caenorhabditis elegans Akirin/AKIR-1 in the muscle and body length regulation through a different pathway. Akirin localizes to somatic tissues throughout the body of C. elegans, including muscle nuclei. In agreement with its role in other model systems, Akirin loss of function mutants exhibit defects in muscle development in the embryo, as well as defects in movement and maintenance of muscle integrity in the C. elegans adult. We also have determined that Akirin acts downstream of the TGF-β Sma/Mab signaling pathway in controlling body size. Moreover, we found that the loss of Akirin resulted in an increase in autophagy markers, similar to mutants in the TGF-β Sma/Mab signaling pathway. In contrast to what is known in rodent and fly models, C. elegans Akirin does not act with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and is instead involved with the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex in both movement and regulation of body size. Our studies define a novel developmental role (body size) and a new pathway (TGF-β Sma/Mab) for Akirin function, and confirmed its evolutionarily conserved function in muscle development in a new organism.
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Peng C, Xie D, Zhao C, Xu H, Fan S, Yan L, Wang P, Qiu L. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Akirin from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:607-616. [PMID: 31541777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Akirin, which are members of the NF-κB signaling pathway, play critical roles in regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, the Akirin gene from Penaeus monodon was identified from a transcriptome database and designated as PmAkirin. The complete sequence of the PmAkirin cDNA was 1508 bp, encoding a protein of 213 amino acids, and it showed 99% amino acid identity to the Litopenaeus vannamei Akirin. Two predicted nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were found, and the amino acid sequence alignments showed that PmAkirin was highly conserved at the N-terminus and C-terminus. PmAkirin expression was found to be the highest in the hemolymph, followed by the heart, gill, stomach, hepatopancreas, intestine, and muscle. When challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the PmAkirin mRNA and three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs: PmALF2, PmALF3, and PmCrus4) were upregulated. However, another five AMPs (PmALF6, PmCrus1, PmPEN3a, PmPEN3b, and PmPEN5) were downregulated by V. parahaemolyticus infection. Silencing PmAkirin by dsRNA significantly decreased the expression of the eight AMPs, which lead to an increase in the blood concentration of V. parahaemolyticus and higher mortality in the shrimp. In contrast, the overexpression of PmAkirin significantly increased the expression of the eight AMPs, which led to a reduction in the blood concentration of V. parahaemolyticus and promoted the survival of the shrimp. Taken together, we concluded that PmAkirin plays an important role in regulating the expression of AMPs in black tiger shrimp to defend against V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongchang Xie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
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Cao J, Wang B, Tan X. Transcriptomic responses of the clam Meretrix meretrix to the organophosphorus pesticide (dimethoate). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:539-549. [PMID: 31119591 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) play a certain role in promoting the development of agriculture and forestry, but they may cause potential harm to aquatic life when entering rivers and polluting water sources. Previous researches have shown that OPs participate in the regulation mechanism of aquatic organisms. Here, our aim is to determine the underlying mechanisms of one OP (dimethoate) at the transcriptional level using the clam Meretrix meretrix. 4119 DEGs were obtained from high-throughput RNA sequencing data. Then, expression profiles of some genes were verified by qPCR, which showed a positive correlation with the RNA sequencing results. 14,481 simple sequence repeats were also identified and could be further used as molecular markers. In addition, some oxidative, immune, and stress-related genes were further discussed and could also be used as biomarkers to indicate the biological response of dimethoate. This study will help to better understand the clam's response mechanism to dimethoate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Bingxu Wang
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
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14
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Akirin2 is modulated by miR-490-3p and facilitates angiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma through the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30886152 PMCID: PMC6423123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Akirin2 is a key regulator of embryonic development and the innate immunity response. However, this regulator’s role in tumorigenesis especially in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In the current work, we used RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to explore the expression level of Akirin2, and the relationship between Akirin2 levels and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. The biological functions of Akirin2 were examined in vitro and in vivo by using a lentiviral vector system. Luciferase reporter assays were applied to detect the direct binding relationship between the 3′-UTR of Akirin2 mRNA and miR-490-3p. The results showed that Akirin2 was overexpressed in CCA and this upregulation was associated with a shorter overall survival. Silencing or overexpressing Akirin2 by lentiviral approaches significantly influenced CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. An in vivo tumor model further validated the oncogenic effect of Akirin2 on CCA cell growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Akirin2 induced angiogenesis by increasing the expression of VEGFA by activating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Akirin2 promoted cell migratory and invasive potential by affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, Akirin2 expression was negatively controlled by miR-490-3p in CCA cells, and miR-490-3p attenuated cell migration and angiogenesis in CCA cells by silencing Akirin2. Taken together, the data indicated that Akirin2 could be regulated by miR-490-3p at the posttranscriptional level and facilitate CCA cell progression via the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. The present study may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CCA.
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15
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Weiner JA. A critical role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in the formation of mammalian muscle in vivo. Genesis 2019; 57:e23286. [PMID: 30801883 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved Akirin nuclear proteins interact with chromatin remodeling complexes at gene enhancers and promoters, and have been reported to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Of the two mouse Akirin genes, Akirin2 is essential during embryonic development, with known in vivo roles in immune system function and the formation of the cerebral cortex. Here we demonstrate that Akirin2 is critical for mouse myogenesis, a tightly regulated developmental process through which myoblast precursors fuse to form mature skeletal muscle fibers. Loss of Akirin2 in somitic muscle precursor cells via Sim1-Cre-mediated excision of a conditional Akirin2 allele results in neonatal lethality. Mutant embryos exhibit a complete lack of forelimb, intercostal, and diaphragm muscles due to extensive apoptosis and loss of Pax3-positive myoblasts. Severe skeletal defects, including craniofacial abnormalities, disrupted ossification, and rib fusions are also observed, attributable to lack of skeletal muscles as well as patchy Sim1-Cre activity in the embryonic sclerotome. We further show that Akirin2 levels are tightly regulated during muscle cell differentiation in vitro, and that Akirin2 is required for the proper expression of muscle differentiation factors myogenin and myosin heavy chain. Our results implicate Akirin2 as a major regulator of mammalian muscle formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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16
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A Novel Role for α-Importins and Akirin in Establishment of Meiotic Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 211:617-635. [PMID: 30563860 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase I, sister chromatid cohesion is established in a way that supports the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC). The SC connects homologous chromosomes, directing meiotic recombination to create crossovers. In this paper, we identify two proteins that cooperate to import and load meiotic cohesins, thus indirectly promoting SC assembly. AKIR-1 is a protein with a previously identified meiotic role in SC disassembly. akir-1 mutants have no obvious defects in sister chromatid cohesion. We identified ima-2, a gene encoding for an α-importin nuclear transport protein, as a gene interacting with akir-1 Analysis of akir-1;ima-2 double mutants reveals a decrease in the number of germline nuclei and the formation of polycomplexes (PCs) (an SC protein aggregate). These PCs contain proteins that are part of the two main substructures of the SC: the central region and the lateral element. Unlike typical PCs, they also contain sister chromatid cohesion proteins. In akir-1;ima-2 double mutants, PCs are located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This suggests that the defects observed in the double mutants are both in nuclear import and in the assembly of sister chromatid cohesion. PC formation is also associated with recombination defects leading to reduced numbers of crossovers. Similarly to cohesion mutants, the pairing center protein HIM-8 is mislocalized in akir-1;ima-2 double mutants, forming multiple foci. We propose that AKIR-1 and IMA-2 operate in parallel pathways to import and load chromosomally associated cohesin complex proteins in meiotic nuclei, a novel finding for both of these conserved proteins.
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Sukegawa S, Shiojiri K, Higami T, Suzuki S, Arimura GI. Pest management using mint volatiles to elicit resistance in soy: mechanism and application potential. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:910-920. [PMID: 30156351 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants can eavesdrop on volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants to boost their defense responses. When 10 categories of mints were tested for their effects on Glycine max (soybean) plants cultivated nearby, candy mint (Mentha × piperita cv. Candy) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) induced the strongest enhancement in RNA levels of defense genes in the soybean leaves. The mechanism by which the mint volatiles enhanced these transcript levels was based on histone acetylation within the promoter regions of defense genes. These increases in transcript levels were induced when receiver plants were cultivated near to candy mint, but the priming of the defense responses was instead induced when receiver plants were cultivated at mid-length intervals. Field assays revealed that anti-herbivore ability of soy was strengthened both by co-cultivation and by pre-incubation of receiver plants with candy mint. The same held true for another receiver, Brassica rapa, when the receiver was co-cultivated or pre-incubated with peppermint. Exposure to mint volatiles resulted in lower damage to receiver plants, although ecological effects on the herbivores and predators probably also contributed. Together, our findings indicate that pest management systems relying on mint as companion plants might be commercially useful for reducing herbivore damage in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sukegawa
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 125-8585, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Shiojiri
- Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 520-2194, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomota Higami
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 125-8585, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunpei Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 125-8585, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 125-8585, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Artigas-Jerónimo S, Villar M, Cabezas-Cruz A, Valdés JJ, Estrada-Peña A, Alberdi P, de la Fuente J. Functional Evolution of Subolesin/Akirin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1612. [PMID: 30542290 PMCID: PMC6277881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Subolesin/Akirin constitutes a good model for the study of functional evolution because these proteins have been conserved throughout the metazoan and play a role in the regulation of different biological processes. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of Subolesin/Akirin with recent results on their structure, protein-protein interactions and function in different species to provide insights into the functional evolution of these regulatory proteins, and their potential as vaccine antigens for the control of ectoparasite infestations and pathogen infection. The results suggest that Subolesin/Akirin evolved conserving not only its sequence and structure, but also its function and role in cell interactome and regulome in response to pathogen infection and other biological processes. This functional conservation provides a platform for further characterization of the function of these regulatory proteins, and how their evolution can meet species-specific demands. Furthermore, the conserved functional evolution of Subolesin/Akirin correlates with the protective capacity shown by these proteins in vaccine formulations for the control of different arthropod and pathogen species. These results encourage further research to characterize the structure and function of these proteins, and to develop new vaccine formulations by combining Subolesin/Akirin with interacting proteins for the control of multiple ectoparasite infestations and pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla – La Mancha (JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla – La Mancha (JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - James J. Valdés
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla – La Mancha (JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla – La Mancha (JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Weiner JA. An essential role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in mouse limb interdigital tissue regression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12240. [PMID: 30116001 PMCID: PMC6095873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of interdigital tissue regression requires the interplay of multiple spatiotemporally-controlled morphogen gradients to ensure proper limb formation and release of individual digits. Disruption to this process can lead to a number of limb abnormalities, including syndactyly. Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins that are known to interact with chromatin remodelling machinery at gene enhancers. In mammals, the analogue Akirin2 is essential for embryonic development and critical for a wide variety of roles in immune function, meiosis, myogenesis and brain development. Here we report a critical role for Akirin2 in the regulation of interdigital tissue regression in the mouse limb. Knockout of Akirin2 in limb epithelium leads to a loss of interdigital cell death and an increase in cell proliferation, resulting in retention of the interdigital web and soft-tissue syndactyly. This is associated with perdurance of Fgf8 expression in the ectoderm overlying the interdigital space. Our study supports a mechanism whereby Akirin2 is required for the downregulation of Fgf8 from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during limb development, and implies its requirement in signalling between interdigital mesenchymal cells and the AER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Li H, Zhang Y, Hai J, Wang J, Zhao B, Du L, Geng X. Knockdown of TRIM31 suppresses proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells by down-regulating MMP2/9 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1272-1278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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21
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Cao J, Tan X. Comparative and evolutionary analysis of the 14-3-3 family genes in eleven fishes. Gene 2018; 662:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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HMGA2 upregulation mediates Cd-induced migration and invasion in A549 cells and in lung tissues of mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:1-7. [PMID: 28830677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal widely found in a number of environmental matrices, and it induces serious adverse effects in various organs and tissues. In this study, the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in promoting migration and invasion in Cd-treated A549 cells and lung tissues of mice was investigated. Our findings showed that exposure to Cd (2 μM) for 48 h or subcutaneous injection of Cd daily for 6 weeks significantly enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and HMGA2 in A549 cells or lung tissues of mice. In A549 cells, HMGA2 knockdown significantly decreased expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and p-FAK and inhibited the migration and invasion compared to that of only Cd-treated cultures. Overexpression of HMGA2 in HEK-293T cells increased expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and p-FAK and enhanced the migration and invasion compared with the empty vector transfection group. In conclusion, upregulation of HMGA2 plays an important role in Cd-enhanced migration and invasion. Suppressing HMGA2 expression might have potential values in prevention of Cd-resulted toxicities.
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Fu X, Wen H, Jing L, Yang Y, Wang W, Liang X, Nan K, Yao Y, Tian T. MicroRNA-155-5p promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppressing PTEN through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:620-631. [PMID: 28132399 PMCID: PMC5406601 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA‐155‐5p (miR‐155‐5p) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in different human malignancies; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not clearly understood. In this study, we used real‐time PCR in 20 rats with chemically‐induced HCC, 28 human HCC tissues, and the matched paracarcinoma tissues, and HCC cell lines to determine the expression patterns of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN mRNA. Algorithm‐based and experimental strategies, such as dual luciferase gene reporter assays, real‐time PCR and western blots were used to identify PTEN as a candidate miR‐155‐5p target. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments and administration of a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor (wortmannin) were used to identify the effects of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN in MTT assays, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing assays and transwell assays. The results showed that miR‐155‐5p was highly overexpressed; however, PTEN was underexpressed in the HCC rat models, human HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, miR‐155‐5p upregulation and PTEN downregulation were significantly associated with TNM stage (P < 0.05). Through in vitro experiments, we found that miR‐155‐5p promoted proliferation, invasion and migration, but inhibited apoptosis in HCC by directly targeting the 3′‐UTR of PTEN. Western blots showed that miR‐155‐5p inactivated Bax and caspase‐9, but activated Bcl‐2 to inhibit apoptosis, and it activated MMP to promote migration and invasion via the PI3K/Akt pathway. A xenograft tumor model was used to demonstrate that miR‐155‐5p targets PTEN and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo as well. Our study highlighted the importance of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN associated with aggressive HCC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongqing Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Respiratory, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- The third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Akirin2 regulates proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells via ERK1/2 and NFATc1 signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45156. [PMID: 28327665 PMCID: PMC5361102 DOI: 10.1038/srep45156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akirin2, a novel nuclear factor, plays an important role in myogenesis. To investigate the role of Akirin2 in proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, Akirin2 overexpression and Akirin2 silence technologies were employed. Our results showed that overexpression of Akirin2 markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, whereas silencing of Akirin2 got the opposite results. Furthermore, our results showed that Akirin2 affected proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells through extracellular-signal regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and NFATc1 signaling pathways. These results indicate that Akirin2 can effectively promote skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation, acting through ERK1/2- and NFATc1-dependent mechanisms.
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Sleeth CM, Weiner JA. Akirin2 is essential for the formation of the cerebral cortex. Neural Dev 2016; 11:21. [PMID: 27871306 PMCID: PMC5117564 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proper spatial and temporal regulation of dorsal telencephalic progenitor behavior is a prerequisite for the formation of the highly-organized, six-layered cerebral cortex. Premature differentiation of cells, disruption of cell cycle timing, excessive apoptosis, and/or incorrect neuronal migration signals can have devastating effects, resulting in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders involving microcephaly and/or lissencephaly. Though genes encoding many key players in cortical development have been identified, our understanding remains incomplete. We show that the gene encoding Akirin2, a small nuclear protein, is expressed in the embryonic telencephalon. Converging evidence indicates that Akirin2 acts as a bridge between transcription factors (including Twist and NF-κB proteins) and the BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling machinery to regulate patterns of gene expression. Constitutive knockout of Akirin2 is early embryonic lethal in mice, while restricted loss in B cells led to disrupted proliferation and cell survival. Methods We generated cortex-restricted Akirin2 knockouts by crossing mice harboring a floxed Akirin2 allele with the Emx1-Cre transgenic line and assessed the resulting embryos using in situ hybridization, EdU labeling, and immunohistochemistry. Results The vast majority of Akirin2 mutants do not survive past birth, and exhibit extreme microcephaly, with little dorsal telencephalic tissue and no recognizable cortex. This is primarily due to massive cell death of early cortical progenitors, which begins at embryonic day (E)10, shortly after Emx1-Cre is active. Immunostaining and cell cycle analysis using EdU labeling indicate that Akirin2-null progenitors fail to proliferate normally, produce fewer neurons, and undergo extensive apoptosis. All of the neurons that are generated in Akirin2 mutants also undergo apoptosis by E12. In situ hybridization for Wnt3a and Wnt-responsive genes suggest defective formation and/or function of the cortical hem in Akirin2 null mice. Furthermore, the apical ventricular surface becomes disrupted, and Sox2-positive progenitors are found to “spill” into the lateral ventricle. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a previously-unsuspected role for Akirin2 in early cortical development and, given its known nuclear roles, suggest that it may act to regulate gene expression patterns critical for early progenitor cell behavior and cortical neuron production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-016-0076-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sleeth
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Sun W, Huang H, Ma S, Gan X, Zhu M, Liu H, Li L, Wang J. Akirin2 could promote the proliferation but not the differentiation of duck myoblasts via the activation of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:298-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krossa S, Schmitt AD, Hattermann K, Fritsch J, Scheidig AJ, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J. Down regulation of Akirin-2 increases chemosensitivity in human glioblastomas more efficiently than Twist-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21029-45. [PMID: 26036627 PMCID: PMC4673248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Twist-1 transcription factor and its interacting protein Akirin-2 regulate apoptosis. We found that in glioblastomas, highly malignant brain tumors, Akirin-2 and Twist-1 were expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive tumor regions as well as in tumor endothelial cells and infiltrating macrophages / microglia. Temozolomide (TMZ) induced the expression of both molecules, partly shifting their nuclear to cytosolic localization. The knock-down (kd) of Akirin-2 increased the activity of cleaved (c)Caspase-3/-7, the amounts of cCaspases-3, -7 and cPARP-1 and resulted in an increased number of apoptotic cells after TMZ exposure. Glioblastoma cells containing decreased amounts of Akirin-2 after kd contained increased amounts of cCaspase-3 as determined by the ImageStreamx Mark II technology. For Twist-1, similar results were obtained with the exception that the combination of TMZ treatment and Twist-1 kd failed to significantly reduce chemoresistance compared with controls. This could be attributed to a cell population containing only slightly increased cCaspase-3 together with decreased Twist-1 levels, which was clearly larger than the respective population observed under Akirin-2 kd. Our results showed that, compared with Twist-1, Akirin-2 is the more promising target for RNAi strategies antagonizing Twist-1/Akirin-2 facilitated glioblastoma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krossa
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Dorothée Schmitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel J Scheidig
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Liu N, Wang XW, Sun JJ, Wang L, Zhang HW, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Akirin interacts with Bap60 and 14-3-3 proteins to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:80-89. [PMID: 26493016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Akirin is a recently discovered nuclear factor that plays important roles in innate immune responses. Akirin is a positive regulator of the NF-κB factor of the Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, which shares extensive similarities with the mammalian tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling pathway. However, some studies found that the NF-κB transcriptional targets were also strongly repressed in akirin2 knockout mice following TLR, IL-1β and TNFα treatment. Therefore, the function of Akirin in the immune response requires further clarification. In this study, an Akirin homolog in the kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was identified. It was mainly expressed in hemocytes, heart and intestines. The expression of Akirin was upregulated by challenge with the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio anguillarum, but was not significantly influenced by challenge with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Knockdown of Akirin suppressed the expression of several IMD-Relish target effectors (antimicrobial peptides, AMPs). The limited regulating spectrum of Akirin might be associated with Bap60, a component of the Brahma (SWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex. In addition, Akirin also interacts with 14-3-3, which inhibited the expression of Akirin-target AMPs. The results suggested that Akirin is involved in the IMD-Relish pathway by interacting with Relish. The interaction of Akirin with Bap60 positively regulated the Akirin-Relish function, and its interaction with 14-3-3 negatively regulated the Akirin-Relish function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Jie-Jie Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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Tang Y, Lv P, Sun Z, Han L, Zhou W. 14-3-3β Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Modulating Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146070. [PMID: 26730736 PMCID: PMC4711775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3β has been demonstrated to possess the oncogenic potential, and its increased expression has been detected in multiple types of carcinomas. However, majority of previous studies focused on the role of 14-3-3β in tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, leaving much to be elucidated about its function in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the role of 14-3-3β in the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the implications in the prognosis of HCC patients. We first examined the expression of 14-3-3β in the primary tumors of HCC patients with or without portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), and found that 14-3-3β expression was higher in the primary tumors with PVTT, and the level was even higher in the PVTTs. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of 14-3-3β was associated with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) of HCC patients. In addition, ectopic expression of 14-3-3β in HCC cell lines led to enhanced migration ability and invasiveness, as well as up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, which could be suppressed by inhibiting the activation of Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Furthermore, we identified a correlated elevation of 14-3-3β and p-Akt in the primary tumors of HCC patients, and showed that a combinatory detection of 14-3-3β and p-Akt could better predict post-surgical outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Station, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Liu T, Gao Y, Xu T. Evolution of akirin family in gene and genome levels and coexpressed patterns among family members and rel gene in croaker. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:17-25. [PMID: 25912355 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Akirins, which are highly conserved nuclear proteins, are present throughout the metazoan and regulate innate immunity, embryogenesis, myogenesis, and carcinogenesis. This study reports all akirin genes from miiuy croaker and analyzes comprehensively the akirin gene family combined with akirin genes from other species. A second nuclear localization signal (NLS) is observed in akirin2 homologues, which is not in akirin1 homologues in all teleosts and most other vertebrates. Thus, we deduced that the loss of second NLS in akirin1 homologues in teleosts likely occurred in an ancestor to all Osteichthyes after splitting with cartilaginous fish. Significantly, the akirin2(2) gene included six exons interrupted by five introns in the miiuy croaker, which may be caused by the intron insertion event as a novel evidence for the variation of akirin gene structure in some species. In addition, comparison of the genomic neighborhood genes of akirin1, akirin2(1), and akirin2(2) demonstrates a strong level of conserved synteny across the teleost classes, which further proved the deduction of Macqueen and Johnston 2009 that the produce of akirin paralogues can be attributed to whole-genome duplications and the loss of some akirin paralogues after genome duplications. Furthermore, akirin gene family members and relish gene are ubiquitously expressed across all tissues, and their expression levels are increased in three immune tissues after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. Combined with the expression patterns of LEAP-1 and LEAP-2 from miiuy croaker, an intricate network of co-regulation among family members is established. Thus, it is further proved that akirins acted in concert with the relish protein to induce the expression of a subset of downstream pathway elements in the NF-kB dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Liu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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31
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Kurabe N, Murakami S, Tashiro F. SGF29 and Sry pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:139-147. [PMID: 26322172 PMCID: PMC4549758 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated c-Myc expression is a hallmark of many human cancers. We have recently identified a role of mammalian homolog of yeast SPT-ADA-GCN5-acetyltransferas (SAGA) complex component, SAGA-associated factor 29 (SGF29), in regulating the c-Myc overexpression. Here, we discuss the molecular nature of SFG29 in SPT3-TAF9-GCN5-acetyltransferase complex, a counterpart of yeast SAGA complex, and the mechanism through which the elevated SGF29 expression contribute to oncogenic potential of c-Myc in hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). We propose that the upstream regulation of SGF29 elicited by sex-determining region Y (Sry) is also augmented in HCC. We hypothesize that c-Myc elevation driven by the deregulated Sry and SGF29 pathway is implicated in the male specific acquisition of human HCCs.
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32
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Wu YJ, Jan YJ, Ko BS, Liang SM, Liou JY. Involvement of 14-3-3 Proteins in Regulating Tumor Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1022-36. [PMID: 26083935 PMCID: PMC4491697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are seven mammalian isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein, which regulate multiple cellular functions via interactions with phosphorylated partners. Increased expression of 14-3-3 proteins contributes to tumor progression of various malignancies. Several isoforms of 14-3-3 are overexpressed and associate with higher metastatic risks and poorer survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ regulate HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth and chemosensitivity via modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signal pathways. Moreover, 14-3-3ε suppresses E-cadherin and induces focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, thereby enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HCC cell migration. 14-3-3ζ forms complexes with αB-crystallin, which induces EMT and is the cause of sorafenib resistance in HCC. Finally, a recent study has indicated that 14-3-3σ induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression, which increases HCC cell migration. These results suggest that selective 14-3-3 isoforms contribute to cell proliferation, EMT and cell migration of HCC by regulating distinct targets and signal pathways. Targeting 14-3-3 proteins together with specific downstream effectors therefore has potential to be therapeutic and prognostic factors of HCC. In this article, we will overview 14-3-3’s regulation of its downstream factors and contributions to HCC EMT, cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
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33
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu Z. The identification of the first molluscan Akirin2 with immune defense function in the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:455-465. [PMID: 25284180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Akirin protein is a nuclear factor in the innate immune system that is highly conserved from insects to mammals and plays key roles in diverse biological processes, including immunity, myogenesis, development and the cellular stress response. However, the function of Akirins in mollusk, the second most diverse group of animals, is still poorly understood. In this study, we report the discovery of an Akirin2 gene homolog (ChAkirin2) and its biological functions in the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. ChAkirin2 is 189 amino acids in length and shares significant homology with invertebrate homologs. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed that ChAkirin2 is clustered with invertebrate Akirin2s. A sequence analysis of the 5' flanking regions of ChAkirin2 indicated that it harbors several potential PAMP-activated transcription factor binding sites (TFB), including sites for NF-κB, C/EBPα, AP-1, SRF, Oct-1 and GATA-1. An RT-PCR analysis showed that ChAkirin2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and at different embryonic and larval stages. Additionally, upon infection by pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs: LPS, PGN and polyI:C), the expression of ChAkirin2 was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy observations show that ChAkirin2 is located in the nuclei of HeLa cells, and the overexpression of ChAkirin2 activated the transcriptional activities of the NF-κB reporter gene in HEK293T cells. Altogether, this report provided the first experimental demonstration that mollusks possess a functional Akirin2 that is involved in the innate defense and embryogenesis processes of the oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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Okayama A, Miyagi Y, Oshita F, Nishi M, Nakamura Y, Nagashima Y, Akimoto K, Ryo A, Hirano H. Proteomic Analysis of Proteins Related to Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4686-94. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4012969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okayama
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Oshita
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Department
of Molecular Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Hirano
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Xue X, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Luo H, Li Z, Zhao H, Yao B. Identification and molecular characterization of an Akirin2 homolog in Chinese loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:435-443. [PMID: 24389387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Akirin is a nuclear factor involved in innate immune responses of arthropods and mammals. In this study we have cloned an Akirin2 gene, pdakirin2, from freshwater Chinese loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) and characterized its biological functions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed deduced PdAkirin2 had high sequence identities to Akirin2 homologs from fish and mammals (70-91%), it contained two conserved nuclear localization signals (NLSs) with verified sub-cellular localization. Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analysis indicated that PdAkirin2 was present in a wide range of loach tissues and showed up-regulation with challenges of Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-1, LPS and poly I:C. PdAkirin2 as an immune factor had significant effects on the expression of cytokines (TNFα, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-1β) and transcription factor NF-κB. This study provides insights into the potential role of PdAkirin2 in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Xue
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liwen Wang
- National Animal Husbandry Extension Service, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Yeyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinshang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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FBI1/Akirin2 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:382-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hou F, Wang X, Qian Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, He S, Mi X, Bai C, Sun C, Liu X. Identification and functional studies of Akirin, a potential positive nuclear factor of NF-κB signaling pathways in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:703-714. [PMID: 23962743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As conserved nuclear factors, Akirins play critical roles in regulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) transcription downstream of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in insects and mammals. However, no any functional studies was reported in penaeid shrimp. The identification and functional analysis of Akirin in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei were made in this research. The 833 nucleotides cDNA of Litopenaeus vannamei Akirin (LvAkirin) was obtained with an open reading frame of 639 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 212 amino acids. The molecular weight of LvAkirin is about 23.7 kDa with theoretical pI of 9.05. Two predicted nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were found and amino acid sequence alignments showed that Akirins are highly conserved between insects and mammals. The constitutive expression of LvAkirin mRNA was confirmed in all the examined tissues and high level appeared in testis followed by hemocytes and gill. LvAkirin mRNA was strongly induced in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Silencing LvAkirin by dsRNA significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB dependent anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin and penaeidin3a as well as transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish post Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) and Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. lysodeikticus) challenge. Antibacterial activities of shrimp plasma was analyzed and high cumulative mortality was found in LvAkirin-silenced shrimps post bacteria challenge. Hence, we proposed LvAkirin might function as a positive nuclear factor of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in shrimp innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
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Kataki A, Alevizos L, Lazaris A, Glustianou G, Derventzi A, Giotakis E, Konstadoulakis M, Yiotakis I. 14-3-3 gene expression exerts isoform-dependent functions in sinonasal pathophysiology. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:105-10. [PMID: 24268498 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression profiles of 14-3-3β and θ isoforms, known to exert both oncogenic and antiapoptotic effects, were assessed in different entities of nasal pathophysiology. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used on paraffin-embedded sections of 51 inverted papillomas (IP), 26 nasal polyps (NP), 9 polyps with IP (NPIP) and 10 specimens of normal epithelium (NE). 14-3-3β expression was significantly upregulated in IP as compared with both NP (p=0.015) and NE (p=0.002). 14-3-3β was also increased in NPIP as compared with NE (p=0.008). 14-3-3β cytoplasmic staining was more pronounced in basal cells of the respiratory epithelium although serous glands and the vascular system were often positive as well. High 14-3-3β immunopositivity in IP patients concurred with increased proliferative activity shown by PCNA immunostaining (p=0.04). Expression of 14-3-3θ was also found increased in IP and NPIP patients, compared to NP (p=0.005, p=0.002 respectively) and NE (p=0.004 and p=0.001 respectively). 14-3-3θ cytoplasmic immunopositivity was detected in columnar epithelium, particularly in basal and subluminal cells, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in NP and NE. Our results demonstrate differential expression of 14-3-3β and θ isoforms in sinonasal pathophysiology, supporting their implication, respectively, in the proliferative and inflammatory process engaged in the formation of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agapi Kataki
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens Hippocration Hospital, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527 Greece
| | - Leonidas Alevizos
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens Hippocration Hospital, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527 Greece.
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Derventzi
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens Hippocration Hospital, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527 Greece
| | - Evagelos Giotakis
- 1st Department of Otolaryngology, University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstadoulakis
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens Hippocration Hospital, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527 Greece
| | - Ioannis Yiotakis
- 1st Department of Otolaryngology, University of Athens, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, 114 Queen's Sofia Avenue, 11527, Greece
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Akiyama H, Iwahana Y, Suda M, Yoshimura A, Kogai H, Nagashima A, Ohtsuka H, Komiya Y, Tashiro F. The FBI1/Akirin2 target gene, BCAM, acts as a suppressive oncogene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78716. [PMID: 24223164 PMCID: PMC3819372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), known to be a splicing variant of Lutheran glycoprotein (LU), is an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane protein that acts as a laminin α5 receptor. The high affinity of BCAM/LU for laminin α5 is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of sickle red blood cells and to various developmental processes. However, the function of BCAM in carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Based on microarray expression analysis, we found that BCAM was one of the target genes of the oncogenic 14-3-3β-FBI1/Akirin2 complex, which acts as a transcriptional repressor and suppresses MAPK phosphatase-1 gene expression. To elucidate the detailed function of BCAM in malignant tumors, we established BCAM-expressing hepatoma K2 cells. These cells lost the malignant characteristics of parental cells, such as anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the 14-3-3β-FBI1/Akirin2 complex bound to the BCAM promoter and repressed transcription. Thus, these data indicate that BCAM is a suppressive oncoprotein, and that FBI1/Akirin2 is involved in tumorigenicity and metastasis of hepatoma through the downregulation of suppressive oncogenes.
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MESH Headings
- 14-3-3 Proteins/genetics
- 14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- COS Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HeLa Cells
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Lutheran Blood-Group System/genetics
- Lutheran Blood-Group System/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Receptors, Laminin/genetics
- Receptors, Laminin/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Akiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshimasa Iwahana
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Suda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsunori Yoshimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kogai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Nagashima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ohtsuka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Komiya
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Tashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Carpio Y, García C, Pons T, Haussmann D, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Basabe L, Acosta J, Estrada MP. Akirins in sea lice: First steps towards a deeper understanding. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:188-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Kasthuri SR, Umasuthan N, Whang I, Wan Q, Lim BS, Jung HB, Lee J. Akirin2 homologues from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: Genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:740-747. [PMID: 23770624 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Akirins are conserved nuclear resident NF-κB signaling pathway molecules. Isoforms of akirins found in various organisms are known to play diverse roles. In this study, we have characterized two akirin2 homologues from rock bream, OfAk2(1) and OfAk2(2). The proteins derived from OfAk2(1) and OfAk2(2) revealed the presence of nuclear localization signal. Multiple sequence alignment and pairwise alignment of OfAk2(1) and OfAk2(2) with the akirin homologues, revealed high conservation and identity. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the distinct position of OfAk2(1) and OfAk2(2) was close to the fish homologues and separated from the mammals and invertebrates. Genomic structure characterization revealed two distinct structures. OfAk2(1) possessed 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns whereas OfAk2(2) possessed 5 exons interrupted by 4 introns. The promoter analysis revealed the presence of significant transcription factors, which suggests its regulation by diverse stimuli. In addition, transcript expression analysis using real time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction post immune challenges with lipopolysaccharide, Edwardsiella tarda and poly I:C revealed upregulation of both OfAk2(1) and OfAk2(2) in liver, spleen and head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Revathy Kasthuri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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42
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Yan J, Dong X, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Jing R, Feng L. Identification and primary immune characteristics of an amphioxus akirin homolog. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:564-571. [PMID: 23732845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Akirin is a recently described nuclear protein that is thought to be required for the NF-κB signaling pathway in insects and vertebrates. Here, functional investigations of akirin are described in the basal chordate amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense in an attempt to link this gene between insect and vertebrate lineages. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that amphioxus akirin represented a true ortholog of the two characterized vertebrate akirin paralogs. Amphioxus akirin, coding 219 amino acids with two nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences and one 14-3-3 binding motif, was widely expressed in various tissues and up-regulated in response to Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) challenges. Furthermore, amphioxus akirin was strictly localized to the nucleus of HEK293T cells in a confocal analysis. Our work identified and characterized for the first time an amphioxus akirin homolog and will promote a better understanding of the evolution and transcriptional network of the akirin gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Shanda Nan Lu 27#, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
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43
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Murakami S, Chishima S, Uemoto H, Sakamoto E, Sato T, Kurabe N, Kawasaki Y, Shibata T, Akiyama H, Tashiro F. The male-specific factor Sry harbors an oncogenic function. Oncogene 2013; 33:2978-86. [PMID: 23893245 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sgf29, a component of the SPT-ADA-GCN5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex, binds H3K4me2/3 marks and leads to histone H3 acetylation. Previously, we found that downregulation of Sgf29 suppresses c-Myc-mediated malignant transformation. Nonetheless, the upstream regulator of the Sgf29 gene is not yet known. Here, we report that Sry (sex-determining region Y), an HMG (high-mobility group) domain containing transcription factor, directly upregulates Sgf29 gene expression. Sry expression was deregulated in two out of the four tested male rodent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) cell lines. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that Sry could bind HMG-boxes in the proximal promoter region of the Sgf29 gene. Knockdown of Sry robustly lowered anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness and tumorigenicity of rHCC cells, whereas ectopic expression of Sry conferred more malignant properties. Thus, these data show that Sry is involved in male-specific malignant conversion of rHCCs via Sgf29 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murakami
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Chishima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Uemoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kurabe
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Akiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Tashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang CG, Wang XL, Zhang B, Sun B, Liu SS, Chen SL. Screening and analysis of PoAkirin1 and two related genes in response to immunological stimulants in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). BMC Mol Biol 2013; 14:10. [PMID: 23651673 PMCID: PMC3700861 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-14-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A member of the NF-κB signaling pathway, PoAkirin1, was cloned from a full-length cDNA library of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The full-length cDNA comprises a 5′UTR of 202 bp, an open reading frame of 564 bp encoding a 187-amino-acid polypeptide and a 521-bp 3′UTR with a poly (A) tail. The putative protein has a predicted molecular mass of 21 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.22. Amino acid sequence alignments showed that PoAkirin1 was 99% identical to the Scophthalmus maximus Akirin protein (ADK27484). Yeast two-hybrid assays identified two proteins that interact with PoAkirin1: PoHEPN and PoC1q. The cDNA sequences of PoHEPN and PoC1q are 672 bp and 528 bp, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that bacteria could induce the expressions of PoAkirin1, PoHEPN and PoC1q. However, the responses of PoHEPN and PoC1q to the bacterial challenge were slower than that of PoAkirin1. To further study the function of PoAkirin1, recombinant PoAkirin1 and PoHEPN were expressed in Escherichia coli and would be used to verify the PoAkirin1-PoHEPN binding activity. These results identified two proteins that potentially interact with PoAkirin1 and that bacteria could induce their expression.
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45
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Dong Y, Pan JS, Zhang L. Myostatin suppression of Akirin1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced satellite cell dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58554. [PMID: 23516508 PMCID: PMC3596298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids production is increased in many pathological conditions that are associated with muscle loss, but their role in causing muscle wasting is not fully understood. We have demonstrated a new mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy: Dexamethasone (Dex) suppresses satellite cell function contributing to the development of muscle atrophy. Specifically, we found that Dex decreases satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism involved Dex-induced upregulation of myostatin and suppression of Akirin1, a promyogenic gene. When myostatin was inhibited in Dex-treated mice, Akirin1 expression increased as did satellite cell activity, muscle regeneration and muscle growth. In addition, silencing myostatin in myoblasts or satellite cells prevented Dex from suppressing Akirin1 expression and cellular proliferation and differentiation. Finally, overexpression of Akirin1 in myoblasts increased their expression of MyoD and myogenin and improved cellular proliferation and differentiation, theses improvements were no longer suppressed by Dex. We conclude that glucocorticoids stimulate myostatin which inhibits Akirin1 expression and the reparative functions of satellite cells. These responses attribute to muscle atrophy. Thus, inhibition of myostatin or increasing Akirin1 expression could lead to therapeutic strategies for improving satellite cell activation and enhancing muscle growth in diseases associated with increased glucocorticoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jenny S. Pan
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Role of akirin in skeletal myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3817-23. [PMID: 23396110 PMCID: PMC3588072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Akirin is a recently discovered nuclear factor that plays an important role in innate immune responses. Beyond its role in innate immune responses, Akirin has recently been shown to play an important role in skeletal myogenesis. In this article, we will briefly review the structure and tissue distribution of Akirin and discuss recent advances in our understanding of its role and signal pathway in skeletal myogenesis.
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Clemons AM, Brockway HM, Yin Y, Kasinathan B, Butterfield YS, Jones SJM, Colaiácovo MP, Smolikove S. akirin is required for diakinesis bivalent structure and synaptonemal complex disassembly at meiotic prophase I. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1053-67. [PMID: 23363597 PMCID: PMC3608493 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-11-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a condensed and properly remodeled bivalent is required for accurate execution of meiosis. Meiotic roles are identified for the highly evolutionarily conserved protein AKIRIN in bivalent remodeling in a synaptonemal complex (SC)–dependent and SC–independent manner, demonstrating that proper SC disassembly is crucial for bivalent structure. During meiosis, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulate chromosome remodeling, leading to the formation of a tight bivalent structure. This bivalent, a linked pair of homologous chromosomes, is essential for proper chromosome segregation in meiosis. The formation of a tight bivalent involves chromosome condensation and restructuring around the crossover. The synaptonemal complex (SC), which mediates homologous chromosome association before crossover formation, disassembles concurrently with increased condensation during bivalent remodeling. Both chromosome condensation and SC disassembly are likely critical steps in acquiring functional bivalent structure. The mechanisms controlling SC disassembly, however, remain unclear. Here we identify akir-1 as a gene involved in key events of meiotic prophase I in Caenorhabditis elegans. AKIR-1 is a protein conserved among metazoans that lacks any previously known function in meiosis. We show that akir-1 mutants exhibit severe meiotic defects in late prophase I, including improper disassembly of the SC and aberrant chromosome condensation, independently of the condensin complexes. These late-prophase defects then lead to aberrant reconfiguring of the bivalent. The meiotic divisions are delayed in akir-1 mutants and are accompanied by lagging chromosomes. Our analysis therefore provides evidence for an important role of proper SC disassembly in configuring a functional bivalent structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Clemons
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 , USA
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48
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SUDA M, KAMOSHIDA H, HAYASHI T, OGAWA M, OHTSUKA H, MURAKAMI S, KOMIYA Y, MURAKAMI Y, AKIYAMA H, TASHIRO F. Involvement of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) downregulation in malignant conversion of aflatoxin B1-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma K2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2520/myco.63.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus suppression of DUSP1 facilitates cellular pathogenesis following de novo infection. J Virol 2012; 87:621-35. [PMID: 23097457 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01441-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and KSHV activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) initiates a number of key pathogenic determinants of KS. Direct inhibition of signal transduction as a therapeutic approach presents several challenges, and a better understanding of KSHV-induced mechanisms regulating MAPK activation may facilitate the development of new treatment or prevention strategies for KS. MAPK phosphatases, including dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1), negatively regulate signal transduction and cytokine activation through MAPK dephosphorylation or interference with effector molecule binding to MAPKs, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We found that ERK-dependent latent viral gene expression, the induction of promigratory factors, and cell invasiveness following de novo infection of primary human endothelial cells are in part dependent on KSHV suppression of DUSP1 expression during de novo infection. KSHV-encoded miR-K12-11 upregulates the expression of xCT (an amino acid transporter and KSHV fusion/entry receptor), and existing data indicate a role for xCT in the regulation of 14-3-3β, a transcriptional repressor of DUSP1. We found that miR-K12-11 induces endothelial cell secretion of promigratory factors and cell invasiveness through upregulation of xCT-dependent, 14-3-3β-mediated suppression of DUSP1. Finally, proof-of-principle experiments revealed that pharmacologic upregulation of DUSP1 inhibits the induction of promigratory factors and cell invasiveness during de novo KSHV infection. These data reveal an indirect role for miR-K12-11 in the regulation of DUSP1 and downstream pathogenesis.
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50
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Comalada M, Lloberas J, Celada A. MKP-1: A critical phosphatase in the biology of macrophages controlling the switch between proliferation and activation. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1938-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Comalada
- Macrophage Biology Group; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); Barcelona; Spain
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