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Liu Y, Yang H, Zeng R, He L, Xiao T, Peng X, Kuang Z, Wu L. NEDD4-2 and the CLC-2 channel regulate neuronal excitability in the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4835. [PMID: 38418461 PMCID: PMC10902323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of NEDD4-2 in regulating neuronal excitability and the mechanism of epilepsy. However, the exact mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Here, we explored the roles of NEDD4-2 and the CLC-2 channel in regulating neuronal excitability and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) pathogenesis. First, chronic MTLE models were induced by lithium-pilocarpine in developmental rats. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the interaction between CLC-2 and NEDD4-2. Western blot analyses indicated that NEDD4-2 expression was downregulated, while phosphorylated (P-) NEDD4-2 and CLC-2 expression was upregulated in adult MTLE rats. Then, the primary hippocampal neuronal cells were isolated and cultured, and the NEDD4-2 was knocked down by shRNA vector, resulting in decreased protein levels of CLC-2. While CLC-2 absence caused increased NEDD4-2 in cells. Next, in an epileptic cell model induced by a Mg2+-free culture, whole-cell current-clamp recording demonstrated that NEDD4-2 deficiency inhibited the spontaneous action potentials of cells, and CLC-2 absence caused more significant decrease in the spontaneous action potentials of cells. In conclusion, we herein revealed that NEDD4-2 regulates the expression of CLC-2, which is involved in neuronal excitability, and participates in the pathogenesis of MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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2
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TTYH family members form tetrameric complexes at the cell membrane. Commun Biol 2022; 5:886. [PMID: 36042377 PMCID: PMC9427776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Tweety homolog (TTYH) family consists of three paralogs in vertebrates, displaying a ubiquitous expression pattern. Although considered as ion channels for almost two decades, recent structural and functional analyses refuted this role. Intriguingly, while all paralogs shared a dimeric stoichiometry following detergent solubilization, their structures revealed divergence in their relative subunit orientation. Here, we determined the stoichiometry of intact mouse TTYH (mTTYH) complexes in cells. Using cross-linking and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that mTTYH1 and mTTYH3 form tetramers at the plasma membrane, stabilized by interactions between their extracellular domains. Using blue-native PAGE, fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we reveal that detergent solubilization results in tetramers destabilization, leading to their dissolution into dimers. Moreover, HDX-MS demonstrates that the extracellular domains are stabilized in the context of the tetrameric mTTYH complex. Together, our results expose the innate tetrameric organization of TTYH complexes at the cell membrane. Future structural analyses of these assemblies in native membranes are required to illuminate their long-sought cellular function.
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3
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The Role of NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin–Protein Ligases in Parkinson’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030513. [PMID: 35328067 PMCID: PMC8950476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that causes a great clinical burden. However, its exact molecular pathologies are not fully understood. Whilst there are a number of avenues for research into slowing, halting, or reversing PD, one central idea is to enhance the clearance of the proposed aetiological protein, oligomeric α-synuclein. Oligomeric α-synuclein is the main constituent protein in Lewy bodies and neurites and is considered neurotoxic. Multiple E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, including the NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4) family, parkin, SIAH (mammalian homologues of Drosophila seven in absentia), CHIP (carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), and SCFFXBL5 SCF ubiquitin ligase assembled by the S-phase kinase-associated protein (SKP1), cullin-1 (Cul1), a zinc-binding RING finger protein, and the F-box domain/Leucine-rich repeat protein 5-containing protein FBXL5), have been shown to be able to ubiquitinate α-synuclein, influencing its subsequent degradation via the proteasome or lysosome. Here, we explore the link between NEDD4 ligases and PD, which is not only via α-synuclein but further strengthened by several additional substrates and interaction partners. Some members of the NEDD4 family of ligases are thought to crosstalk even with PD-related genes and proteins found to be mutated in familial forms of PD. Mutations in NEDD4 family genes have not been observed in PD patients, most likely because of their essential survival function during development. Following further in vivo studies, it has been thought that NEDD4 ligases may be viable therapeutic targets in PD. NEDD4 family members could clear toxic proteins, enhancing cell survival and slowing disease progression, or might diminish beneficial proteins, reducing cell survival and accelerating disease progression. Here, we review studies to date on the expression and function of NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases in the brain and their possible impact on PD pathology.
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4
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Structures of tweety homolog proteins TTYH2 and TTYH3 reveal a Ca 2+-dependent switch from intra- to intermembrane dimerization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6913. [PMID: 34824283 PMCID: PMC8617170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tweety homologs (TTYHs) comprise a conserved family of transmembrane proteins found in eukaryotes with three members (TTYH1-3) in vertebrates. They are widely expressed in mammals including at high levels in the nervous system and have been implicated in cancers and other diseases including epilepsy, chronic pain, and viral infections. TTYHs have been reported to form Ca2+- and cell volume-regulated anion channels structurally distinct from any characterized protein family with potential roles in cell adhesion, migration, and developmental signaling. To provide insight into TTYH family structure and function, we determined cryo-EM structures of Mus musculus TTYH2 and TTYH3 in lipid nanodiscs. TTYH2 and TTYH3 adopt a previously unobserved fold which includes an extended extracellular domain with a partially solvent exposed pocket that may be an interaction site for hydrophobic molecules. In the presence of Ca2+, TTYH2 and TTYH3 form homomeric cis-dimers bridged by extracellularly coordinated Ca2+. Strikingly, in the absence of Ca2+, TTYH2 forms trans-dimers that span opposing membranes across a ~130 Å intermembrane space as well as a monomeric state. All TTYH structures lack ion conducting pathways and we do not observe TTYH2-dependent channel activity in cells. We conclude TTYHs are not pore forming subunits of anion channels and their function may involve Ca2+-dependent changes in quaternary structure, interactions with hydrophobic molecules near the extracellular membrane surface, and/or association with additional protein partners.
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5
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Nalamalapu RR, Yue M, Stone AR, Murphy S, Saha MS. The tweety Gene Family: From Embryo to Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:672511. [PMID: 34262434 PMCID: PMC8273234 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.672511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tweety genes encode gated chloride channels that are found in animals, plants, and even simple eukaryotes, signifying their deep evolutionary origin. In vertebrates, the tweety gene family is highly conserved and consists of three members—ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3—that are important for the regulation of cell volume. While research has elucidated potential physiological functions of ttyh1 in neural stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and filopodia formation during neural development, the roles of ttyh2 and ttyh3 are less characterized, though their expression patterns during embryonic and fetal development suggest potential roles in the development of a wide range of tissues including a role in the immune system in response to pathogen-associated molecules. Additionally, members of the tweety gene family have been implicated in various pathologies including cancers, particularly pediatric brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we review the current state of research using information from published articles and open-source databases on the tweety gene family with regard to its structure, evolution, expression during development and adulthood, biochemical and cellular functions, and role in human disease. We also identify promising areas for further research to advance our understanding of this important, yet still understudied, family of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik R Nalamalapu
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle Yue
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Aaron R Stone
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Samantha Murphy
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
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Nielsen CP, Jernigan KK, Diggins NL, Webb DJ, MacGurn JA. USP9X Deubiquitylates DVL2 to Regulate WNT Pathway Specification. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1074-1089.e5. [PMID: 31340145 PMCID: PMC6884140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling network is comprised of multiple receptors that relay various input signals via distinct transduction pathways to execute multiple complex and context-specific output processes. Integrity of the WNT signaling network relies on proper specification between canonical and noncanonical pathways, which presents a regulatory challenge given that several signal transducing elements are shared between pathways. Here, we report that USP9X, a deubiquitylase, and WWP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulate a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2, a WNT signaling protein. Our findings indicate that USP9X-mediated deubiquitylation of DVL2 is required for canonical WNT activation, while increased DVL2 ubiquitylation is associated with localization to actin-rich projections and activation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. We propose that a WWP1-USP9X axis regulates a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2 that specifies its participation in either canonical WNT or WNT-PCP pathways. These findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting of USP9X in human cancer. DVL2 is a signal transducing protein that participates in canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling relays. Here, Nielsen et al. report that the deubiquitylase USP9X and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 operate on DVL2 to establish a ubiquitin rheostat that contributes to WNT pathway specification in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Nielsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kristin K Jernigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nicole L Diggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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7
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Wang Y, Du Y, Luo L, Hu P, Yang G, Li T, Han X, Ma A, Wang T. Alterations of Nedd4-2-binding capacity in PY-motif of Na V 1.5 channel underlie long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13438. [PMID: 31900993 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenic variants of the SCN5A gene can cause Brugada syndrome (BrS) and long QT syndrome (LQTS), which predispose individuals to potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. SCN5A encodes the NaV 1.5 protein, the pore forming α-subunit of the voltage-dependent cardiac Na+ channel. Using a WW domain, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 binds to the PY-motif ([L/P]PxY) within the C-terminus of NaV 1.5, which results in decreased protein expression and current through NaV 1.5 ubiquitination. Here, we investigate the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2-mediated NaV 1.5 degradation in the pathological mechanisms of the BrS-associated variant SCN5A-p.L1239P and LQTS-associated variant SCN5A-p.Y1977N. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a combination of molecular biology, biochemical and electrophysiological approaches, we examined the expression, function and Nedd4-2 interactions of SCN5A-p.L1239P and SCN5A-p.Y1977N. SCN5A-p.L1239P is characterized as a loss-of-function, whereas SCN5A-p.Y1977N is a gain-of-function variant of the NaV 1.5 channel. Sequence alignment shows that BrS-associated SCN5A-p.L1239P has a new Nedd4-2-binding site (from LLxY to LPxY). This new Nedd4-2-binding site increases the interaction between NaV 1.5 and Nedd4-2, enhancing ubiquitination and degradation of the NaV 1.5 channel. Disruption of the new Nedd4-2-binding site of SCN5A-p.L1239P restores NaV 1.5 expression and function. However, the LQTS-associated SCN5A-p.Y1977N disrupts the usual Nedd4-2-binding site (from PPxY to PPxN). This decreases NaV 1.5-Nedd4-2 interaction, preventing ubiquitination and degradation of NaV 1.5 channels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the PY-motif plays an essential role in modifying the expression/function of NaV 1.5 channels through Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination. Alterations of NaV 1.5-Nedd4-2 interaction represent a novel pathological mechanism for NaV 1.5 channel diseases caused by SCN5A variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Peijing Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases Xi'an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases Xi'an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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8
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Kryza T, Khan T, Puttick S, Li C, Sokolowski KA, Tse BWC, Cuda T, Lyons N, Gough M, Yin J, Parkin A, Deryugina EI, Quigley JP, Law RHP, Whisstock JC, Riddell AD, Barbour AP, Wyld DK, Thomas PA, Rose S, Snell CE, Pajic M, He Y, Hooper JD. Effective targeting of intact and proteolysed CDCP1 for imaging and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2020; 10:4116-4133. [PMID: 32226543 PMCID: PMC7086361 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a cell surface receptor regulating key signalling pathways in malignant cells. CDCP1 has been proposed as a molecular target to abrogate oncogenic signalling pathways and specifically deliver anti-cancer agents to tumors. However, the development of CDCP1-targeting agents has been questioned by its frequent proteolytic processing which was thought to result in shedding of the CDCP1 extracellular domain limiting its targetability. In this study, we investigated the relevance of targeting CDCP1 in the context of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and assess the impact of CDCP1 proteolysis on the effectiveness of CDCP1 targeting agents. Methods: The involvement of CDCP1 in PDAC progression was assessed by association analysis in several PDAC cohorts and the proteolytic processing of CDCP1 was evaluated in PDAC cell lines and patient-derived cells. The consequences of CDCP1 proteolysis on its targetability in PDAC cells was assessed using immunoprecipitation, immunostaining and biochemical assays. The involvement of CDCP1 in PDAC progression was examined by loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo experiments employing PDAC cells expressing intact or cleaved CDCP1. Finally, we generated antibody-based imaging and therapeutic agents targeting CDCP1 to demonstrate the feasibility of targeting this receptor for detection and treatment of PDAC tumors. Results: High CDCP1 expression in PDAC is significantly associated with poorer patient survival. In PDAC cells proteolysis of CDCP1 does not always result in the shedding of CDCP1-extracellular domain which can interact with membrane-bound CDCP1 allowing signal transduction between the different CDCP1-fragments. Targeting CDCP1 impairs PDAC cell functions and PDAC tumor growth independently of CDCP1 cleavage status. A CDCP1-targeting antibody is highly effective at delivering imaging radionuclides and cytotoxins to PDAC cells allowing specific detection of tumors by PET/CT imaging and superior anti-tumor effects compared to gemcitabine in in vivo models. Conclusion: Independent of its cleavage status, CDCP1 exerts oncogenic functions in PDAC and has significant potential to be targeted for improved radiological staging and treatment of this cancer. Its elevated expression by most PDAC tumors and lack of expression by normal pancreas and other major organs, suggest that targeting CDCP1 could benefit a significant proportion of PDAC patients. These data support the further development of CDCP1-targeting agents as personalizable tools for effective imaging and treatment of PDAC.
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Weinberg F, Griffin R, Fröhlich M, Heining C, Braun S, Spohr C, Iconomou M, Hollek V, Röring M, Horak P, Kreutzfeldt S, Warsow G, Hutter B, Uhrig S, Neumann O, Reuss D, Heiland DH, von Kalle C, Weichert W, Stenzinger A, Brors B, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Brummer T. Identification and characterization of a BRAF fusion oncoprotein with retained autoinhibitory domains. Oncogene 2019; 39:814-832. [PMID: 31558800 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins involving the BRAF serine/threonine kinase occur in many cancers. The oncogenic potential of BRAF fusions has been attributed to the loss of critical N-terminal domains that mediate BRAF autoinhibition. We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme to identify a rearrangement between TTYH3, encoding a membrane-resident, calcium-activated chloride channel, and BRAF intron 1, resulting in a TTYH3-BRAF fusion protein that retained all features essential for BRAF autoinhibition. Accordingly, the BRAF moiety of the fusion protein alone, which represents full-length BRAF without the amino acids encoded by exon 1 (BRAFΔE1), did not induce MEK/ERK phosphorylation or transformation. Likewise, neither the TTYH3 moiety of the fusion protein nor full-length TTYH3 provoked ERK pathway activity or transformation. In contrast, TTYH3-BRAF displayed increased MEK phosphorylation potential and transforming activity, which were caused by TTYH3-mediated tethering of near-full-length BRAF to the (endo)membrane system. Consistent with this mechanism, a synthetic approach, in which BRAFΔE1 was tethered to the membrane by fusing it to the cytoplasmic tail of CD8 also induced transformation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TTYH3-BRAF signals largely independent of a functional RAS binding domain, but requires an intact BRAF dimer interface and activation loop phosphorylation sites. Cells expressing TTYH3-BRAF exhibited increased MEK/ERK signaling, which was blocked by clinically achievable concentrations of sorafenib, trametinib, and the paradox breaker PLX8394. These data provide the first example of a fully autoinhibited BRAF protein whose oncogenic potential is dictated by a distinct fusion partner and not by a structural change in BRAF itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Griffin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Fröhlich
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heining
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, Dresden, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Spohr
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mary Iconomou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viola Hollek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Röring
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Warsow
- Omics IT and Data Management Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Hutter
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Neumann
- DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Reuss
- DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christof von Kalle
- Department of Translational Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DKTK, Munich, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, Dresden, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,DKTK Partner Site Freiburg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Moon DK, Bae YJ, Jeong GR, Cho CH, Hwang SC. Upregulated TTYH2 expression is critical for the invasion and migration of U2OS human osteosarcoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:521-525. [PMID: 31230749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels have recently emerged as stable biomarkers and anticancer targets particularly when the applications of the currently available therapeutic regimens are limited, as in case of osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor. Here, we evaluated the expression of TTYH2, a presumably calcium-activated chloride channel, in a human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. We used small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing to demonstrate the downregulation in the expression of TTYH2 that resulted in the decrease in the invasion and migration, but not proliferation, of U2OS cells. The expression levels of Slug and ZEB1, the transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, significantly reduced after TTYH2 silencing. Based on these results, we suggest that TTYH2 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Bae
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuk-Rae Jeong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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11
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TTYH1 and TTYH2 Serve as LRRC8A-Independent Volume-Regulated Anion Channels in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060562. [PMID: 31181821 PMCID: PMC6628158 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are involved in cellular functions such as regulation of cell volume, proliferation, migration, and cell death. Although leucine-rich repeat–containing 8A (LRRC8A) has been characterized as a molecular component of VRACs, here we show that Drosophila melanogaster tweety homologue 1 and 2 (TTYH1 and TTYH2) are critical for VRAC currents in cancer cells. LRRC8A-independent VRAC currents were present in the gastric cancer cell line SNU-601, but almost completely absent in its cisplatin-resistant derivative SNU-601-R10 (R10). The VRAC current in R10 was partially restored by treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Based on microarray expression profiling of these cells, we selected two chloride channels, TTYH1 and TTYH2, as VRAC candidates. VRAC currents were completely absent from TTYH1- and TTYH2-deficient SNU-601 cells, and were clearly restored by expression of TTYH1 or TTYH2. In addition, we examined the expression of TTYH1 or TTYH2 in several cancer cell lines and found that VRAC currents of these cells were abolished by gene silencing of TTYH1 or TTYH2. Taken together, our data clearly show that TTYH1 and TTYH2 can act as LRRC8A-independent VRACs, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for VRACs in cancer cells.
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12
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Manning JA, Kumar S. Physiological Functions of Nedd4-2: Lessons from Knockout Mouse Models. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:635-647. [PMID: 30056838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitination plays a key evolutionarily conserved role in regulating membrane proteins. Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin ligase, targets membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters for ubiquitination. This Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination provides a crucial step in controlling the membrane availability of these proteins, thus affecting their signaling and physiological outcomes. In one well-studied example, Nedd4-2 fine-tunes the physiological function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), thus modulating Na+ reabsorption by epithelia to maintain whole-body Na+ homeostasis. This review summarizes the key signaling pathways regulated by Nedd4-2 and the possible implications of such regulation in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantina A Manning
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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13
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Mello FV, Alves LR, Land MGP, Teodósio C, Sanchez ML, Bárcena P, Peres RT, Pedreira CE, Costa ES, Orfao A. Maturation-associated gene expression profiles along normal human bone marrow monopoiesis. Br J Haematol 2017; 176:464-474. [PMID: 28079251 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human monopoiesis is a tightly coordinated process which starts in the bone marrow (BM) haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment and leads to the production of circulating blood mature monocytes. Although mature monocytes/macrophages have been extensively studied in both normal or inflammatory conditions, monopoiesis has only been assessed in vitro and in vivo animal models, due to low frequency of the monocytic precursors in the normal human BM. Here we investigated the transcriptional profile along normal human BM monopoiesis. Five distinct maturation-associated stages of monocytic precursors were identified and isolated from (fresh) normal human BM through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and the gene expression profile (GEP) of each monocytic precursor subset was analysed by DNA-oligonucleotide microarrays. Overall, >6000 genes (18% of the genes investigated) were expressed in ≥1 stage of BM monopoiesis at stable or variable amounts, showing early decrease in cell proliferation with increased levels of expression of genes linked with cell differentiation. The here-defined GEP of normal human BM monopoiesis might contribute to better understand monocytic differentiation and the identification of novel monocytic candidate markers, while also providing a frame of reference for the study of monocytic maturation in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease conditions involving monocytic precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana V Mello
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Programme, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliane R Alves
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Programme, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Pharmacy Service INCa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G P Land
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Programme, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Teodósio
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - María-Luz Sanchez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (Nucleus), Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paloma Bárcena
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (Nucleus), Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Carlos E Pedreira
- COPPE-PESC Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine S Costa
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Programme, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (Nucleus), Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Briffa JF, Grinfeld E, Poronnik P, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Uptake of leptin and albumin via separate pathways in proximal tubule cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:194-198. [PMID: 27594412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine leptin and oncotic protein albumin are endocytosed in the proximal tubule via the scavenger receptor megalin. Leptin reduces megalin expression and activates cell signalling pathways that upregulate fibrotic protein expression. The aim of this study was to investigate if leptin uptake in proximal tubule cells was via the albumin-megalin endocytic complex. In immortalised proximal tubule Opossum kidney cells (OK) fluorescent leptin and albumin co-localised following 5min exposure, however there was no co-localisation at 10, 20 and 30min exposure. In OK cells, acute exposure to leptin for 2h did not alter NHE3, ClC-5, NHERF1 and NHERF2 mRNA. However, acute leptin exposure increased NHERF2 protein expression in proximal tubule cells. In OK cells, immunoprecipitation experimentation indicated leptin did not bind to ClC-5. Leptin uptake in OK cells was enhanced by bafilomycin and ammonium chloride treatment, demonstrating that uptake was not dependent on lysosomal pH. Thus, it is likely that two pools of megalin exist in proximal tubule cells to facilitate separate uptake of leptin and albumin by endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Briffa
- Centre For Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Esther Grinfeld
- Centre For Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Centre For Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Centre For Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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15
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Xu B, Jin X, Min L, Li Q, Deng L, Wu H, Lin G, Chen L, Zhang H, Li C, Wang L, Zhu J, Wang W, Chu F, Shen J, Li H, Mao J. Chloride channel-3 promotes tumor metastasis by regulating membrane ruffling and is associated with poor survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2434-50. [PMID: 25537517 PMCID: PMC4385862 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) protein is known to be a component of Cl− channels involved in cell volume regulation or acidification of intracellular vesicles. Here, we report that ClC-3 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of metastatic carcinomatous cells and accelerated cell migration in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. High-grade expression of cytoplasmic ClC-3 predicted poor survival in cancer patients. We found that independent of its volume-activated Cl− channel properties, ClC-3 was able to promote cell membrane ruffling, required for tumor metastasis. ClC-3 mediated membrane ruffling by regulating keratin 18 phosphorylation to control β1 Integrin recycling. Therefore, cytoplasmic ClC-3 plays an active and key role in tumor metastasis and may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target to prevent tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Min
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Goel P, Manning JA, Kumar S. NEDD4-2 (NEDD4L): the ubiquitin ligase for multiple membrane proteins. Gene 2014; 557:1-10. [PMID: 25433090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NEDD4-2 (also known as NEDD4L, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like) is a ubiquitin protein ligase of the Nedd4 family which is known to bind and regulate a number of membrane proteins to aid in their internalization and turnover. Several of the NEDD4-2 substrates include ion channels, such as the epithelial and voltage-gated sodium channels. Given the critical function of NEDD4-2 in regulating membrane proteins, this ligase is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this article we review the biology and function of this important ubiquitin-protein ligase and discuss its pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Goel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jantina A Manning
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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17
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Wilkars W, Wollberg J, Mohr E, Han M, Chetkovich DM, Bähring R, Bender RA. Nedd4‐2 regulates surface expression and may affect
N
‐glycosylation of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN)‐1 channels. FASEB J 2014; 28:2177-90. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Wilkars
- Institute of NeuroanatomyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Jessica Wollberg
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Evita Mohr
- Institute of NeuroanatomyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Mieri Han
- Institute of NeuroanatomyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Dane M. Chetkovich
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurosciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PhysiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Robert Bähring
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Roland A. Bender
- Institute of NeuroanatomyUniversity of Hamburg Medical CenterHamburgGermany
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18
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Sakashita H, Inoue H, Akamine S, Ishida T, Inase N, Shirao K, Mori M, Mimori K. Identification of the NEDD4L gene as a prognostic marker by integrated microarray analysis of copy number and gene expression profiling in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S590-8. [PMID: 23812770 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic genes by integrated microarray analysis between comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression with laser microdissection in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Integrated microarray analysis in 11 lung adenocarcinomas was performed, and several genes were identified. Among them, neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) was chosen for further characterization. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to explore the clinicopathological significance of NEDD4L expression in 84 NSCLC patients. RESULTS 18q was more frequently lost in advanced lung cancer. Therefore, we selected the NEDD4L gene, located on chromosome 18q, for which reduced expression was significantly correlated with copy number loss. NEDD4L mRNA expression in paired tumor/normal samples from 79 cases of lung cancer was evaluated using real-time PCR analysis. NEDD4L mRNA expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in normal lung tissues (p < 0.0001). Clinicopathological factors, such as excessive smoking history, histological grade (moderately and poorly), T stage (T2-4), lymph node metastasis, and pathological stage (stage II-IV), were significantly associated with low NEDD4L expression (p < 0.05). In the low expression group, prognoses were significantly poorer than in the high expression group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low NEDD4L expression may be a marker of prognosis. This is the first report to describe NEDD4L expression in NSCLC. NEDD4L may be considered a key gene in the progression of NSCLC, and its expression is likely affected by genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sakashita
- Department of Molecular and Surgical Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan
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19
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Byrne EM, Johnson J, McRae AF, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Gehrman PR, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Montgomery GW, Chenevix-Trench G, Martin NG. A genome-wide association study of caffeine-related sleep disturbance: confirmation of a role for a common variant in the adenosine receptor. Sleep 2012; 35:967-75. [PMID: 22754043 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify common genetic variants that predispose to caffeine-induced insomnia and to test whether genes whose expression changes in the presence of caffeine are enriched for association with caffeine-induced insomnia. DESIGN A hypothesis-free, genome-wide association study. SETTING Community-based sample of Australian twins from the Australian Twin Registry. PARTICIPANTS After removal of individuals who said that they do not drink coffee, a total of 2,402 individuals from 1,470 families in the Australian Twin Registry provided both phenotype and genotype information. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS A dichotomized scale based on whether participants reported ever or never experiencing caffeine-induced insomnia. A factor score based on responses to a number of questions regarding normal sleep habits was included as a covariate in the analysis. More than 2 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with caffeine-induced insomnia. No SNPs reached the genome-wide significance threshold. In the analysis that did not include the insomnia factor score as a covariate, the most significant SNP identified was an intronic SNP in the PRIMA1 gene (P = 1.4 × 10⁻⁶, odds ratio = 0.68 [0.53 - 0.89]). An intergenic SNP near the GBP4 gene on chromosome 1 was the most significant upon inclusion of the insomnia factor score into the model (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁶, odds ratio = 0.70 [0.62 - 0.78]). A previously identified association with a polymorphism in the ADORA2A gene was replicated. CONCLUSIONS Several genes have been identified in the study as potentially influencing caffeine-induced insomnia. They will require replication in another sample. The results may have implications for understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda M Byrne
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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20
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Abstract
From the moment of cotranslational insertion into the lipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), newly synthesized integral membrane proteins are subject to a complex series of sorting, trafficking, quality control, and quality maintenance systems. Many of these processes are intimately controlled by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification that directs trafficking decisions related to both the biosynthetic delivery of proteins to the plasma membrane (PM) via the secretory pathway and the removal of proteins from the PM via the endocytic pathway. Ubiquitin modification of integral membrane proteins (or "cargoes") generally acts as a sorting signal, which is recognized, captured, and delivered to a specific cellular destination via specialized trafficking events. By affecting the quality, quantity, and localization of integral membrane proteins in the cell, defects in these processes contribute to human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, circulatory diseases, and various neuropathies. This review summarizes our current understanding of how ubiquitin modification influences cargo trafficking, with a special emphasis on mechanisms of quality control and quality maintenance in the secretory and endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A MacGurn
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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21
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The role of palmitoylation in signalling, cellular trafficking and plasma membrane localization of protease-activated receptor-2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28018. [PMID: 22140500 PMCID: PMC3226677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by proteolytic cleavage of its amino terminal domain by trypsin-like serine proteases. This irreversible activation mechanism leads to rapid receptor desensitization by internalisation and degradation. We have explored the role of palmitoylation, the post-translational addition of palmitate, in PAR2 signalling, trafficking, cell surface expression and desensitization. Experiments using the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate indicated that palmitate addition is important in trafficking of PAR2 endogenously expressed by prostate cancer cell lines. This was supported by palmitate labelling using two approaches, which showed that PAR2 stably expressed by CHO-K1 cells is palmitoylated and that palmitoylation occurs on cysteine 361. Palmitoylation is required for optimal PAR2 signalling as Ca2+ flux assays indicated that in response to trypsin agonism, palmitoylation deficient PAR2 is ∼9 fold less potent than wildtype receptor with a reduction of about 33% in the maximum signal induced via the mutant receptor. Confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and cell surface biotinylation analyses demonstrated that palmitoylation is required for efficient cell surface expression of PAR2. We also show that receptor palmitoylation occurs within the Golgi apparatus and is required for efficient agonist-induced rab11a-mediated trafficking of PAR2 to the cell surface. Palmitoylation is also required for receptor desensitization, as agonist-induced β-arrestin recruitment and receptor endocytosis and degradation were markedly reduced in CHO-PAR2-C361A cells compared with CHO-PAR2 cells. These data provide new insights on the life cycle of PAR2 and demonstrate that palmitoylation is critical for efficient signalling, trafficking, cell surface localization and degradation of this receptor.
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Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy-Associated Gene KCTD7 is a Regulator of Potassium Conductance in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:111-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of the Stable Kidney Transplant and Chronic Transplant Injury Using the ProtoArray® Technology. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3475-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Role of the ubiquitin system in regulating ion transport. Pflugers Arch 2010; 461:1-21. [PMID: 20972579 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters play a critical role in ion and fluid homeostasis and thus in normal animal physiology and pathology. Tight regulation of these transmembrane proteins is therefore essential. In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the role of the ubiquitin system in regulating ion channels and transporters, initialed by the discoveries of the role of this system in processing of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), and in regulating endocytosis of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) by the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin ligases (mainly Nedd4-2). In this review, we discuss the role of the ubiquitin system in ER Associated Degradation (ERAD) of ion channels, and in the regulation of endocytosis and lysosomal sorting of ion channels and transporters, focusing primarily in mammalian cells. We also briefly discuss the role of ubiquitin like molecules (such as SUMO) in such regulation, for which much less is known so far.
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25
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Nedd4 and Nedd4-2: closely related ubiquitin-protein ligases with distinct physiological functions. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:68-77. [PMID: 19557014 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nedd4 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4) family of ubiquitin ligases (E3s) is characterized by a distinct modular domain architecture, with each member consisting of a C2 domain, 2-4 WW domains, and a HECT-type ligase domain. Of the nine mammalian members of this family, Nedd4 and its close relative, Nedd4-2, represent the ancestral ligases with strong similarity to the yeast, Rsp5. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rsp5 has a key role in regulating the trafficking, sorting, and degradation of a large number of proteins in multiple cellular compartments. However, in mammals the Nedd4 family members, including Nedd4 and Nedd4-2, appear to have distinct functions, thereby suggesting that these E3s target specific proteins for ubiquitylation. In this article we focus on the biology and emerging functions of Nedd4 and Nedd4-2, and review recent in vivo studies on these E3s.
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26
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Comparison of substrate specificity of the ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 using proteome arrays. Mol Syst Biol 2009; 5:333. [PMID: 19953087 PMCID: PMC2824488 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2009.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Target recognition by the ubiquitin system is mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Nedd4 family members are E3 ligases comprised of a C2 domain, 2–4 WW domains that bind PY motifs (L/PPxY) and a ubiquitin ligase HECT domain. The nine Nedd4 family proteins in mammals include two close relatives: Nedd4 (Nedd4-1) and Nedd4L (Nedd4-2), but their global substrate recognition or differences in substrate specificity are unknown. We performed in vitro ubiquitylation and binding assays of human Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2, and rat-Nedd4-1, using protein microarrays spotted with ∼8200 human proteins. Top hits (substrates) for the ubiquitylation and binding assays mostly contain PY motifs. Although several substrates were recognized by both Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2, others were specific to only one, with several Tyr kinases preferred by Nedd4-1 and some ion channels by Nedd4-2; this was subsequently validated in vivo. Accordingly, Nedd4-1 knockdown or knockout in cells led to sustained signalling via some of its substrate Tyr kinases (e.g. FGFR), suggesting Nedd4-1 suppresses their signalling. These results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying substrates and deciphering substrate specificity of mammalian E3 ligases.
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The trafficking and regulation of membrane receptors by the RING-CH ubiquitin E3 ligases. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:1593-600. [PMID: 19013150 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation of membrane receptors is recognised as a critical post-translational modification, governing their regulation and function. Following ubiquitylation, membrane proteins may be internalised, recycled or degraded via lysosomal or proteasomal pathways. Viruses have appropriated these cellular pathways as a mechanism of immune evasion. RING (really interesting new gene)-CH ubiquitin E3 ligases were initially identified from the Kaposi's associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and their founding members, K3 and K5, downregulate several critical immunoreceptors to prevent detection by the host immune system. K3 promotes formation of lysine-63 linked polyubiquitin chains on MHC Class I, signalling Class I internalisation and endolysosomal degradation. K5 targets multiple immunoreceptors, including MHC Class I, CD86, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 and MHC Class I-related chain (MIC)-A/B, thereby preventing detection from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. The cellular homologues of K3 and K5, the Membrane Associated RING-CH (MARCH) genes, represent eleven proteins that also appear to be important in the downregulation of membrane receptors. While overexpression of several MARCH genes downregulate cell surface receptors such as MHC Class I, MHC Class II, CD86 and ICAM 1, determining their physiological roles has proved difficult. Elucidating the transcriptional regulation, localisation and trafficking of MARCH genes may provide insights into their cellular functions.
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