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Ji J, Zhong H, Wang Y, Liu J, Tang J, Liu Z. Chemerin attracts neutrophil reverse migration by interacting with C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:425. [PMID: 38890311 PMCID: PMC11189533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil reverse migration (rM) is a recently identified phenomenon in which neutrophils migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following initial infiltration, which involved in the resolution of loci inflammatory response or dissemination of inflammation. Present study was aimed to explore the mechanisms in neutrophil rM. By scRNA-seq on the white blood cells in acute lung injury model, we found rM-ed neutrophils exhibited increased gene expression of C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (Ccrl2), an atypical chemokine receptor. Furthermore, an air pouch model was established to directly track rM-ed neutrophils in vivo. Air pouches were generated by 3 ml filtered sterile air injected subcutaneously for 3 days, and then LPS (2 mg/kg) was injected into the pouches to mimic the inflammatory state. For the rM-ed neutrophil tracking system, cell tracker CMFDA were injected into the air pouch to stain the inflammatory loci cells, and after 6 h, stained cells in blood were regarded as the rM-ed neutrophil. Based on this tracking system, we confirmed that rM-ed neutrophils showed increased CCRL2. We also found that the concentrations of the CCRL2 ligand chemerin in plasma was increased in the late stage. Neutralizing chemerin decreased the rM-ed neutrophil ratio in the blood. These results suggest that circulating chemerin attracts neutrophils to leave inflammatory sites by interacting with CCRL2, which might involve in the dissemination of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Hanhui Zhong
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
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2
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Zhou W, Cao X, Xu Q, Qu J, Sun Y. The double-edged role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e325. [PMID: 37492784 PMCID: PMC10363828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important immune cells act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues. Many studies have demonstrated that neutrophils display plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Clarifying the role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers will contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we have presented a review on the development of the understanding on neutrophil heterogeneity from the traditional perspective and a high-resolution viewpoint. A growing body of evidence has confirmed the double-edged role of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases and tumors. This may be due to a lack of precise understanding of the role of specific neutrophil subsets in the disease. Thus, elucidating specific neutrophil subsets involved in diseases would benefit the development of precision medicine. Thusly, we have summarized the relevance and actions of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers comprehensively. Meanwhile, we also discussed the potential intervention strategy for neutrophils. This review is intended to deepen our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers, while hold promise for precise treatment of neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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3
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Yang J, Bergdorf K, Yan C, Luo W, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Liu Q, Liu X, Boothby M, Weiss VL, Groves SM, Oleskie AN, Zhang X, Maeda DY, Zebala JA, Quaranta V, Richmond A. CXCR2 expression during melanoma tumorigenesis controls transcriptional programs that facilitate tumor growth. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:92. [PMID: 37270599 PMCID: PMC10239119 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the CXCR2 chemokine receptor is known to play a key role in cancer growth and response to therapy, a direct link between expression of CXCR2 in tumor progenitor cells during induction of tumorigenesis has not been established. METHODS To characterize the role of CXCR2 during melanoma tumorigenesis, we generated tamoxifen-inducible tyrosinase-promoter driven BrafV600E/Pten-/-/Cxcr2-/- and NRasQ61R/INK4a-/-/Cxcr2-/- melanoma models. In addition, the effects of a CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist, SX-682, on melanoma tumorigenesis were evaluated in BrafV600E/Pten-/- and NRasQ61R/INK4a-/- mice and in melanoma cell lines. Potential mechanisms by which Cxcr2 affects melanoma tumorigenesis in these murine models were explored using RNAseq, mMCP-counter, ChIPseq, and qRT-PCR; flow cytometry, and reverse phosphoprotein analysis (RPPA). RESULTS Genetic loss of Cxcr2 or pharmacological inhibition of CXCR1/CXCR2 during melanoma tumor induction resulted in key changes in gene expression that reduced tumor incidence/growth and increased anti-tumor immunity. Interestingly, after Cxcr2 ablation, Tfcp2l1, a key tumor suppressive transcription factor, was the only gene significantly induced with a log2 fold-change greater than 2 in these three different melanoma models. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide novel mechanistic insight revealing how loss of Cxcr2 expression/activity in melanoma tumor progenitor cells results in reduced tumor burden and creation of an anti-tumor immune microenvironment. This mechanism entails an increase in expression of the tumor suppressive transcription factor, Tfcp2l1, along with alteration in the expression of genes involved in growth regulation, tumor suppression, stemness, differentiation, and immune modulation. These gene expression changes are coincident with reduction in the activation of key growth regulatory pathways, including AKT and mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- TVHS Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - K Bergdorf
- TVHS Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - C Yan
- TVHS Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - W Luo
- TVHS Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - S C Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203-1742, USA
| | - G D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203-1742, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203-1742, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203-1742, USA
| | - M Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - V L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - S M Groves
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - A N Oleskie
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - D Y Maeda
- Syntrix Pharmaceuticals, Auburn, WA, 98001, USA
| | - J A Zebala
- Syntrix Pharmaceuticals, Auburn, WA, 98001, USA
| | - V Quaranta
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, TN, 37240, Nashville, USA
| | - A Richmond
- TVHS Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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4
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Baragetti A, Da Dalt L, Moregola A, Svecla M, Terenghi O, Mattavelli E, De Gaetano LN, Uboldi P, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Neutrophil aging exacerbates high fat diet induced metabolic alterations. Metabolism 2023; 144:155576. [PMID: 37116643 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fat diet (HFD) chronically hyper-activate the myeloid cell precursors, but whether it affects the neutrophil aging is unknown. PURPOSE We characterized how HFD impacts neutrophil aging, infiltration in metabolic tissues and if this aging, in turn, modulates the development of metabolic alterations. We immunophenotyped neutrophils and characterized the metabolic responses in physiology (wild-type mice, WT) and in mice with constitutively aged neutrophils (MRP8 driven conditional deletion of CXCR4; herein CXCR4fl/flCre+) or with constitutively fresh neutrophils (MRP8 driven conditional deletion of CXCR2; CXCR2fl/flCre+), following 20 weeks of HFD feeding (45 % kcal from fat). FINDINGS After 20 weeks HFD, the gluco-metabolic profile of CXCR4fl/flCre+ mice was comparable to that of WT mice, while CXCR2fl/flCre+ mice were protected from metabolic alterations. CXCR4fl/flCre+ infiltrated more, but CXCR2fl/flCre+ neutrophils infiltrated less, in liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). As consequence, while CXCR4fl/flCre+ resulted into hepatic "suicidal" neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) and altered immune cell architecture in VAT, CXCR2fl/flCre+ promoted proresolutive hepatic NETs and reduced accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in VAT. In humans, higher Cxcl12 (CXCR4 ligand) plasma levels correlated with visceral adiposity while higher levels of Cxcl1, the ligand of CXCR2, correlated with indexes of hepatic steatosis, adiposity and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil aging might contribute to the development of HFD induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavia Terenghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Lucia Nicolini De Gaetano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.
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5
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Mechanisms of Foreign Body Giant Cell Formation in Response to Implantable Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051313. [PMID: 36904554 PMCID: PMC10007405 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long term function of implantable biomaterials are determined by their integration with the host's body. Immune reactions against these implants could impair the function and integration of the implants. Some biomaterial-based implants lead to macrophage fusion and the formation of multinucleated giant cells, also known as foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). FBGCs may compromise the biomaterial performance and may lead to implant rejection and adverse events in some cases. Despite their critical role in response to implants, there is a limited understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in forming FBGCs. Here, we focused on better understanding the steps and mechanisms triggering macrophage fusion and FBGCs formation, specifically in response to biomaterials. These steps included macrophage adhesion to the biomaterial surface, fusion competency, mechanosensing and mechanotransduction-mediated migration, and the final fusion. We also described some of the key biomarkers and biomolecules involved in these steps. Understanding these steps on a molecular level would lead to enhance biomaterials design and improve their function in the context of cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.
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6
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Yang J, Bergdorf K, Yan C, Luo W, Chen SC, Ayers D, Liu Q, Liu X, Boothby M, Groves SM, Oleskie AN, Zhang X, Maeda DY, Zebala JA, Quaranta V, Richmond A. CXCR2 expression during melanoma tumorigenesis controls transcriptional programs that facilitate tumor growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529548. [PMID: 36865260 PMCID: PMC9980137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Though the CXCR2 chemokine receptor is known to play a key role in cancer growth and response to therapy, a direct link between expression of CXCR2 in tumor progenitor cells during induction of tumorigenesis has not been established. Methods To characterize the role of CXCR2 during melanoma tumorigenesis, we generated tamoxifen-inducible tyrosinase-promoter driven Braf V600E /Pten -/- /Cxcr2 -/- and NRas Q61R /INK4a -/- /Cxcr2 -/- melanoma models. In addition, the effects of a CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist, SX-682, on melanoma tumorigenesis were evaluated in Braf V600E /Pten -/- and NRas Q61R /INK4a -/- mice and in melanoma cell lines. Potential mechanisms by which Cxcr2 affects melanoma tumorigenesis in these murine models were explored using RNAseq, mMCP-counter, ChIPseq, and qRT-PCR; flow cytometry, and reverse phosphoprotein analysis (RPPA). Results Genetic loss of Cxcr2 or pharmacological inhibition of CXCR1/CXCR2 during melanoma tumor induction resulted in key changes in gene expression that reduced tumor incidence/growth and increased anti-tumor immunity. Interestingly, after Cxcr2 ablation, Tfcp2l1 , a key tumor suppressive transcription factor, was the only gene significantly induced with a log 2 fold-change greater than 2 in these three different melanoma models. Conclusions Here, we provide novel mechanistic insight revealing how loss of Cxcr2 expression/activity in melanoma tumor progenitor cells results in reduced tumor burden and creation of an anti-tumor immune microenvironment. This mechanism entails an increase in expression of the tumor suppressive transcription factor, Tfcp2l1, along with alteration in the expression of genes involved in growth regulation, tumor suppression, stemness, differentiation, and immune modulation. These gene expression changes are coincident with reduction in the activation of key growth regulatory pathways, including AKT and mTOR.
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7
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Mainguy-Seers S, Beaudry F, Fernandez-Prada C, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Neutrophil Extracellular Vesicles and Airway Smooth Muscle Proliferation in the Natural Model of Severe Asthma in Horses. Cells 2022; 11:3347. [PMID: 36359743 PMCID: PMC9653818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to intercellular communication through the transfer of their rich cargo to recipient cells. The EVs produced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils from healthy humans and horses increase airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation, but the roles of neutrophil EVs in asthma are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether neutrophil-derived EVs isolated during the remission or exacerbation of asthma influence ASM proliferation differentially. Peripheral blood neutrophils were collected during remission and exacerbation in eight horses affected by severe asthma. The cells were cultured (±LPS), and their EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by laser scattering microscopy and proteomic analysis. The proliferation of ASM co-incubated with EVs was monitored in real time by electrical impedance. Two proteins were significantly upregulated during disease exacerbation in neutrophil EVs (MAST4 and Lrch4), while LPS stimulation greatly altered the proteomic profile. Those changes involved the upregulation of neutrophil degranulation products, including proteases known to induce myocyte proliferation. In agreement with the proteomic results, EVs from LPS-stimulated neutrophils increased ASM proliferation, without an effect of the disease status. The inhalation of environmental LPS could contribute to asthma pathogenesis by activating neutrophils and leading to ASM hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mainguy-Seers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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8
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Delobel P, Ginter B, Rubio E, Balabanian K, Lazennec G. CXCR2 intrinsically drives the maturation and function of neutrophils in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005551. [PMID: 36311783 PMCID: PMC9606682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a major role in the protection from infections but also in inflammation related to tumor microenvironment. However, cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic cues driving their function at steady state is still fragmentary. Using Cxcr2 knock-out mice, we have evaluated the function of the chemokine receptor Cxcr2 in neutrophil physiology. We show here that Cxcr2 deficiency decreases the percentage of mature neutrophils in the spleen, but not in the bone marrow (BM). There is also an increase of aged CD62Llo CXCR4hi neutrophils in the spleen of KO animals. Spleen Cxcr2-/- neutrophils display a reduced phagocytic ability, whereas BM neutrophils show an enhanced phagocytic ability compared to WT neutrophils. Spleen Cxcr2-/- neutrophils show reduced reactive oxygen species production, F-actin and α-tubulin levels. Moreover, spleen Cxcr2-/- neutrophils display an altered signaling with reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, impaired PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, TGFβ and IFNγ pathways. Altogether, these results suggest that Cxcr2 is essential for neutrophil physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Delobel
- CNRS, UMR9005, Sys2Diag-ALCEN, Cap delta, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Ginter
- CNRS, UMR9005, Sys2Diag-ALCEN, Cap delta, Montpellier, France
| | - Eliane Rubio
- CNRS, UMR9005, Sys2Diag-ALCEN, Cap delta, Montpellier, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- CNRS, GDR 3697 “Microenvironment of tumor niches”, Micronit, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- CNRS, UMR9005, Sys2Diag-ALCEN, Cap delta, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, GDR 3697 “Microenvironment of tumor niches”, Micronit, France
- *Correspondence: Gwendal Lazennec,
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9
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Deng F, Zhong S, Yu C, Zhao H, Huang H, Meng X, Lin C, Cai S. Abnormal neutrophil polarization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how cigarette smoke extracts attract neutrophils. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:472. [PMID: 35571434 PMCID: PMC9096415 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation produced by neutrophils is a critical factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Poor or excessive neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis may lead to pathogen accumulation and tissue damage. However, it is unclear how cigarette smoke extract (CSE) attracts neutrophils and to what extent COPD is affected by the improper polarization of these abnormal neutrophils. This study sought to assess the polarization and migration dynamics of neutrophils isolated from patients with different severities of COPD compared to healthy smoking and non-smoking control subjects, and to detect how CSE triggers the polarization of neutrophils. Methods The neutrophils were freshly isolated using standard isolation protocol. The polarization of the neutrophils was observed using a Zigmond chamber when stimulated by a linear concentration gradient of CSE or N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP). Confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to observe the intracellular calcium of the neutrophils. The experimental data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. SPSS 20.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The neutrophils from the COPD patients showed a higher frequency of spontaneous polarization and a lower prevalence of directionality polarization than those from the healthy control (HC) and smoker subjects. The abnormal polarization of the neutrophils from the COPD patients was altered by the influence of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) component matrix interaction molecules 1 and 2 and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), Stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2), and calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1)]. Conclusions The COPD neutrophils exhibited unique polarization and migration patterns compared to those of the cells examined from other populations. The attraction of CSEs to neutrophils was mediated by the SOCE/Akt/Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobo Zhong
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changqin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Dahdah A, Johnson J, Gopalkrishna S, Jaggers RM, Webb D, Murphy AJ, Hanssen NMJ, Hanaoka BY, Nagareddy PR. Neutrophil Migratory Patterns: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795784. [PMID: 35309915 PMCID: PMC8924299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The body's inflammatory response involves a series of processes that are necessary for the immune system to mitigate threats from invading pathogens. Leukocyte migration is a crucial process in both homeostatic and inflammatory states. The mechanisms involved in immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation are numerous and require several cascades and cues of activation. Immune cells have multiple origins and can be recruited from primary and secondary lymphoid, as well as reservoir organs within the body to generate an immune response to certain stimuli. However, no matter the origin, an important aspect of any inflammatory response is the web of networks that facilitates immune cell trafficking. The vasculature is an important organ for this trafficking, especially during an inflammatory response, mainly because it allows cells to migrate towards the source of insult/injury and serves as a reservoir for leukocytes and granulocytes under steady state conditions. One of the most active and vital leukocytes in the immune system's arsenal are neutrophils. Neutrophils exist under two forms in the vasculature: a marginated pool that is attached to the vessel walls, and a demarginated pool that freely circulates within the blood stream. In this review, we seek to present the current consensus on the mechanisms involved in leukocyte margination and demargination, with a focus on the role of neutrophil migration patterns during physio-pathological conditions, in particular diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Darren Webb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nordin M. J. Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centrum, Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Y. Hanaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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11
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CXCR2 Receptor: Regulation of Expression, Signal Transduction, and Involvement in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042168. [PMID: 35216283 PMCID: PMC8878198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine receptors identified to date is CXCR2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose most known ligands are CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL1 (GRO-α). In this article we present a comprehensive review of literature concerning the role of CXCR2 in cancer. We start with regulation of its expression at the transcriptional level and how this regulation involves microRNAs. We show the mechanism of CXCR2 signal transduction, in particular the action of heterotrimeric G proteins, phosphorylation, internalization, intracellular trafficking, sequestration, recycling, and degradation of CXCR2. We discuss in detail the mechanism of the effects of activated CXCR2 on the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we describe the involvement of CXCR2 in cancer. We focused on the importance of CXCR2 in tumor processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells as well as the effects of CXCR2 activation on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cellular senescence. We also discuss the importance of CXCR2 in cell recruitment to the tumor niche including tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
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12
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Ji L, Chen Y, Xie L, Liu Z. The role of Dock2 on macrophage migration and functions during Citrobacter rodentium infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:361-372. [PMID: 33662140 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (Dock2), an atypical guanine exchange factor, is specifically expressed on immune cells and mediates cell adhesion and migration by activating Rac and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling. It plays a crucial role in the migration, formation of immune synapses, cell proliferation, activation of T and B lymphocytes and chemotaxis of pDCs and neutrophils. However, in-vivo physiological functions of Dock2 have been relatively seldom studied. Our previous studies showed that Dock2-/- mice were highly susceptible to colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection, and in early infection, Dock2-/- mice had defects in macrophage migration. However, the specific roles of Dock2 in the migration and functions of macrophages are not clear. In this study, we found that the expression of chemokines such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)4 and CCL5 and chemokine receptors such as chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR)4 and CCR5 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) of Dock2-/- mice decreased after infection, which were supported by the in-vivo infection experimental results; the Transwell experiment results showed that Dock2-/- BMDM had a defect in chemotaxis. The bacterial phagocytic and bactericidal experiment results also showed that Dock2-/- BMDM had the defects of bacterial phagocytosis and killing. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of wild-type BMDM alleviated the susceptibility of Dock2-/- mice to C. rodentium infection. Our results show that Dock2 affects migration and phagocytic and bactericidal ability of macrophages by regulating the expression of chemokines, chemokine receptors and their responses to chemokine stimulation, thus playing an essential role in the host defense against enteric bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ji
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Z Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.,Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Othman A, Sekheri M, Filep JG. Roles of neutrophil granule proteins in orchestrating inflammation and immunity. FEBS J 2021; 289:3932-3953. [PMID: 33683814 PMCID: PMC9546106 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes form the first line of host defense against invading pathogens and tissue injury. They are rapidly recruited from the blood to the affected sites, where they deploy an impressive arsenal of effectors to eliminate invading microbes and damaged cells. This capacity is endowed in part by readily mobilizable proteins acquired during granulopoiesis and stored in multiple types of cytosolic granules with each granule type containing a unique cargo. Once released, granule proteins contribute to killing bacteria within the phagosome or the extracellular milieu, but are also capable of inflicting collateral tissue damage. Neutrophil-driven inflammation underlies many common diseases. Research over the last decade has documented neutrophil heterogeneity and functional versatility far beyond their antimicrobial function. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils utilize granule proteins to interact with innate and adaptive immune cells and orchestrate the inflammatory response. Granule proteins have been identified as important modulators of neutrophil trafficking, reverse transendothelial migration, phagocytosis, neutrophil life span, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, efferocytosis, cytokine activity, and autoimmunity. Hence, defining their roles within the inflammatory locus is critical for minimizing damage to the neighboring tissue and return to homeostasis. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the regulation of degranulation, granule protein functions, and signaling in modulating neutrophil-mediated immunity. We also discuss how targeting granule proteins and/or signaling could be harnessed for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Othman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meriem Sekheri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Cheng Y, Ma XL, Wei YQ, Wei XW. Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:289-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Annexin A2 interacting with ELMO1 regulates HCC chemotaxis and metastasis. Life Sci 2019; 222:168-174. [PMID: 30853625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS SDF-1α induced chemotaxis plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. CXCR4 stimulated by SDF-1α/CXCL12 triggers heterotrimeric G proteins activation, which regulate migration and chemotaxis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The pathways linking the chemokine GPCR/Gi signaling to actin polymerization for migration of cancer cells are not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through would healing assay, chemotaxis assay, F-actin polymerization assay, confocal assay, immunohistochemical assay, protein identification and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we detected the role and mechanisms of Annexin A2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, we firstly investigated the role of Annexin A2 in HepG2 cell chemotaxis and metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Annexin A2 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Its expression was closely associated with lymph node and distant metastasis. Knockdown Annexin A2 impaired cancer cell chemotaxis. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed an interaction between Annexin A2 and ELMO1. CXCL12 triggers an ELMO1-dependent membrane translocation of Annexin A2. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results indicated an important role of Annexin A2 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues metastasis and revealed a novel molecular mechanism of its activation.
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16
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Nie M, Yang L, Bi X, Wang Y, Sun P, Yang H, Liu P, Li Z, Xia Y, Jiang W. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by IL8 Promote Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Progression via the TLR9 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1867-1879. [PMID: 30446590 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 30% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) experience treatment failure after first-line therapy. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a pathogen-trapping structure in tumor microenvironment, can promote the transition of autoimmunity to lymphomagenesis. Here, we investigate whether NETs play a novel role in DLBCL progression and its underlying mechanism.Experimental Design: NETs in DLBCL tumor samples and plasma were detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. The correlation between NETs and clinical features were analyzed. The effects of NETs on cellular proliferation and migration and mechanisms were explored, and the mechanism of NET formation was also studied by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS Higher levels of NETs in plasma and tumor tissues were associated with dismal outcome in patients with DLBCL. Furthermore, we identified NETs increased cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumor growth and lymph node dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, DLBCL-derived IL8 interacted with its receptor (CXCR2) on neutrophils, resulting in the formation of NETs via Src, p38, and ERK signaling. Newly formed NETs directly upregulated the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathways in DLBCL and subsequently activated NFκB, STAT3, and p38 pathways to promote tumor progression. More importantly, disruption of NETs, blocking IL8-CXCR2 axis or inhibiting TLR9 could retard tumor progression in preclinical models. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a tumor-NETs aggressive interaction in DLBCL and indicate that NETs is a useful prognostic biomarker and targeting this novel cross-talk represents a new therapeutic opportunity in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Linbin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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17
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Jiang T, Kai D, Liu S, Huang X, Heng S, Zhao J, Chan BQY, Loh XJ, Zhu Y, Mao C, Zheng L. Mechanically cartilage-mimicking poly(PCL-PTHF urethane)/collagen nanofibers induce chondrogenesis by blocking NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2018; 178:281-292. [PMID: 29945065 PMCID: PMC6301151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage cannot self-repair and thus regeneration is a promising approach to its repair. Here we developed new electrospun nanofibers, made of poly (ε-caprolactone)/polytetrahydrofuran (PCL-PTHF urethane) and collagen I from calf skin (termed PC), to trigger the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the cartilage regeneration in vivo. We found that the PC nanofibers had a modulus (4.3 Mpa) lower than the PCL-PTHF urethane nanofibers without collagen I from calf skin (termed P) (6.8 Mpa) although both values are within the range of the modulus of natural cartilage (1-10 MPa). Both P and PC nanofibers did not show obvious difference in the morphology and size. Surprisingly, in the absence of the additional chondrogenesis inducers, the softer PC nanofibers could induce the chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and cartilage regeneration in vivo more efficiently than the stiffer P nanofibers. Using mRNA-sequence analysis, we found that the PC nanofibers outperformed P nanofibers in inducing chondrogenesis by specifically blocking the NF-kappa B signaling pathway to suppress inflammation. Our work shows that the PC nanofibers can serve as building blocks of new scaffolds for cartilage regeneration and provides new insights on the effect of the mechanical properties of the nanofibers on the cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Sijia Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xianyuan Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shujun Heng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Benjamin Qi Yu Chan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5300, USA
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5300, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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18
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Bouris P, Manou D, Sopaki-Valalaki A, Kolokotroni A, Moustakas A, Kapoor A, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Serglycin promotes breast cancer cell aggressiveness: Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, proteolytic activity and IL-8 signaling. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:35-51. [PMID: 29842969 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan that is expressed and constitutively secreted by numerous malignant cells, especially prominent in the highly-invasive, triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. Notably, de novo expression of serglycin in low aggressive estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells promotes an aggressive phenotype. In this study, we discovered that serglycin promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF7 cells as shown by increased expression of mesenchymal markers vimentin, fibronectin and EMT-related transcription factor Snail2. These phenotypic traits were also associated with the development of drug resistance toward various chemotherapy agents and induction of their proteolytic potential as shown by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP and up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Knockdown of serglycin markedly reduced the expression of these proteolytic enzymes in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, serglycin expression was closely linked to a pro-inflammatory gene signature including the chemokine IL-8 in ERα-negative breast cancer cells and tumors. Notably, serglycin regulated the secretion of IL-8 in breast cancer cells independently of their ERα status and promoted their proliferation, migration and invasion by triggering IL-8/CXCR2 downstream signaling cascades including PI3K, Src and Rac activation. Thus, serglycin promotes the establishment of a pro-inflammatory milieu in breast cancer cells that evokes an invasive mesenchymal phenotype via autocrine activation of IL-8/CXCR2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Bouris
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Anastasia Sopaki-Valalaki
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Anthi Kolokotroni
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece.
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19
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Armed for destruction: formation, function and trafficking of neutrophil granules. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:455-471. [PMID: 29185068 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils respond nearly instantly to infection, rapidly deploying a potent enzymatic and chemical arsenal immediately upon entering an infected site. This capacity for rapid and potent responses is endowed by stores of antimicrobial proteins contained in readily mobilizable granules. These granules contain the proteins necessary to mediate the recruitment, chemotaxis, antimicrobial function and NET formation of neutrophils. Four granule types exist, and are sequentially deployed as neutrophils enter infected sites. Secretory vesicles are released first, enabling recruitment of neutrophils out of the blood. Next, specific and gelatinase granules are released to enable neutrophil migration and begin the formation of an antimicrobial environment. Finally, azurophilic granules release potent antimicrobial proteins at the site of infection and into phagosomes. The step-wise mobilization of these granules is regulated by calcium signaling, while specific trafficking regulators and membrane fusion complexes ensure the delivery of granules to the correct subcellular site. In this review, we describe neutrophil granules from their formation through to their deployment at the site of infection, focusing on recent developments in our understanding of the signaling pathways and vesicular trafficking mechanisms which mediate neutrophil degranulation.
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20
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Lee WB, Yan JJ, Kang JS, Chung S, Kim LK. Mycobacterial cord factor enhances migration of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells by prolonging AKT phosphorylation. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:523-530. [PMID: 28976590 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), or cord factor, is a crucial stimulus of immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Although TDM has immuno-stimulatory properties, including adjuvant activity and the ability to induce granuloma formation, the mechanisms underlying these remain unknown. We hypothesized that TDM stimulates transendothelial migration of neutrophils, which are the first immune cells to infiltrate the tissue upon infection. In this study, it was shown that TDM enhances N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced chemotaxis and transendothelial movement by prolonging AKT phosphorylation in human neutrophils. TDM induced expression of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, a receptor for TDM, and induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in differentiated HL-60 cells. In 2- and 3-D neutrophil migration assays, TDM-stimulated neutrophils showed increased fMLP-induced chemotaxis and transendothelial migration. Interestingly, following fMLP stimulation of TDM-activated neutrophils, AKT, a crucial kinase for neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis, showed prolonged phosphorylation at serine 473. Taken together, these data suggest that TDM modulates transendothelial migration of neutrophils upon mycobacterial infection through prolonged AKT phosphorylation. AKT may therefore be a promising therapeutic target for enhancing immune responses to mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Bin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Jing Yan
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
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21
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Control of Mucosal Candidiasis in the Zebrafish Swim Bladder Depends on Neutrophils That Block Filament Invasion and Drive Extracellular-Trap Production. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00276-17. [PMID: 28607100 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00276-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a ubiquitous mucosal commensal that is normally prevented from causing acute or chronic invasive disease. Neutrophils contribute to protection in oral infection but exacerbate vulvovaginal candidiasis. To dissect the role of neutrophils during mucosal candidiasis, we took advantage of a new, transparent zebrafish swim bladder infection model. Intravital microscopic tracking of individual animals revealed that the blocking of neutrophil recruitment leads to rapid mortality in this model through faster disease progression. Conversely, artificial recruitment of neutrophils during early infection reduces disease pressure. Noninvasive longitudinal tracking showed that mortality is a consequence of C. albicans breaching the epithelial barrier and invading surrounding tissues. Accordingly, we found that a hyperfilamentous C. albicans strain breaches the epithelial barrier more frequently and causes mortality in immunocompetent zebrafish. A lack of neutrophils at the infection site is associated with less fungus-associated extracellular DNA and less damage to fungal filaments, suggesting that neutrophil extracellular traps help to protect the epithelial barrier from C. albicans breach. We propose a homeostatic model where C. albicans disease pressure is balanced by neutrophil-mediated damage of fungi, maintaining this organism as a commensal while minimizing the risk of damage to host tissue. The unequaled ability to dissect infection dynamics at a high spatiotemporal resolution makes this zebrafish model a unique tool for understanding mucosal host-pathogen interactions.
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22
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Sai J, Owens P, Novitskiy SV, Hawkins OE, Vilgelm AE, Yang J, Sobolik T, Lavender N, Johnson AC, McClain C, Ayers GD, Kelley MC, Sanders M, Mayer IA, Moses HL, Boothby M, Richmond A. PI3K Inhibition Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth and Facilitates Antitumor Immunity and Anti-PD1 Responses. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3371-3384. [PMID: 28003307 PMCID: PMC5479746 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Metastatic breast cancers continue to elude current therapeutic strategies, including those utilizing PI3K inhibitors. Given the prominent role of PI3Kα,β in tumor growth and PI3Kγ,δ in immune cell function, we sought to determine whether PI3K inhibition altered antitumor immunity.Experimental Design: The effect of PI3K inhibition on tumor growth, metastasis, and antitumor immune response was characterized in mouse models utilizing orthotopic implants of 4T1 or PyMT mammary tumors into syngeneic or PI3Kγ-null mice, and patient-derived breast cancer xenografts in humanized mice. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were characterized by IHC and FACS analysis in BKM120 (30 mg/kg, every day) or vehicle-treated mice and PI3Kγnull versus PI3KγWT mice. On the basis of the finding that PI3K inhibition resulted in a more inflammatory tumor leukocyte infiltrate, the therapeutic efficacy of BKM120 (30 mg/kg, every day) and anti-PD1 (100 μg, twice weekly) was evaluated in PyMT tumor-bearing mice.Results: Our findings show that PI3K activity facilitates tumor growth and surprisingly restrains tumor immune surveillance. These activities could be partially suppressed by BKM120 or by genetic deletion of PI3Kγ in the host. The antitumor effect of PI3Kγ loss in host, but not tumor, was partially reversed by CD8+ T-cell depletion. Treatment with therapeutic doses of both BKM120 and antibody to PD-1 resulted in consistent inhibition of tumor growth compared with either agent alone.Conclusions: PI3K inhibition slows tumor growth, enhances antitumor immunity, and heightens susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We propose that combining PI3K inhibition with anti-PD1 may be a viable therapeutic approach for triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3371-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Sai
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip Owens
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Oriana E Hawkins
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jinming Yang
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tammy Sobolik
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicole Lavender
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Colt McClain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark C Kelley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Neutrophil migration in infection and wound repair: going forward in reverse. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 16:378-91. [PMID: 27231052 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil migration and its role during inflammation has been the focus of increased interest in the past decade. Advances in live imaging and the use of new model systems have helped to uncover the behaviour of neutrophils in injured and infected tissues. Although neutrophils were considered to be short-lived effector cells that undergo apoptosis in damaged tissues, recent evidence suggests that neutrophil behaviour is more complex and, in some settings, neutrophils might leave sites of tissue injury and migrate back into the vasculature. The role of reverse migration and its contribution to resolution of inflammation remains unclear. In this Review, we discuss the different cues within tissues that mediate neutrophil forward and reverse migration in response to injury or infection and the implications of these mechanisms to human disease.
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24
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Guo X, Chen SY. Dedicator of Cytokinesis 2 in Cell Signaling Regulation and Disease Development. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
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25
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McCauley HA, Chevrier V, Birnbaum D, Guasch G. De-repression of the RAC activator ELMO1 in cancer stem cells drives progression of TGFβ-deficient squamous cell carcinoma from transition zones. eLife 2017; 6:e22914. [PMID: 28219480 PMCID: PMC5319840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas occurring at transition zones are highly malignant tumors with poor prognosis. The identity of the cell population and the signaling pathways involved in the progression of transition zone squamous cell carcinoma are poorly understood, hence representing limited options for targeted therapies. Here, we identify a highly tumorigenic cancer stem cell population in a mouse model of transitional epithelial carcinoma and uncover a novel mechanism by which loss of TGFβ receptor II (Tgfbr2) mediates invasion and metastasis through de-repression of ELMO1, a RAC-activating guanine exchange factor, specifically in cancer stem cells of transition zone tumors. We identify ELMO1 as a novel target of TGFβ signaling and show that restoration of Tgfbr2 results in a complete block of ELMO1 in vivo. Knocking down Elmo1 impairs metastasis of carcinoma cells to the lung, thereby providing insights into the mechanisms of progression of Tgfbr2-deficient invasive transition zone squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Véronique Chevrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, F-13009, CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, F-13284, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, F-13009, CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, F-13284, Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Guasch
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, F-13009, CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, F-13284, Marseille, France
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26
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Huang W, Wu J, Yang H, Xiong Y, Jiang R, Cui T, Ye D. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 suppresses the aberrant immune response of systemic lupus erythematosus-derived neutrophils and associated tissue damage. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:263-275. [PMID: 27768123 PMCID: PMC5299708 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal features of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-derived neutrophils, promoted aberrant immune response, have inspired new studies of the induction of autoimmunity and the development of organ damage in SLE. In this study, we explore the effect of milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) on the aberrant nitrification features in pristane-induced lupus. SLE patients and mice with pristane-induced lupus develop autoantibodies associated with MFG-E8 overproduction. However, the deletion of MFG-E8 leads to uncontrolled early pulmonary and peritoneal inflammation and tissue damage in mice with pristane-induced lupus. Consistent with these findings, MFG-E8-deficient mice that are exposed to pristane show enhanced neutrophil accumulation and increased neutrophil death, including apoptosis, necrosis and NETosis, as well as impaired phagocytosis of macrophages. The consequences are the expansion of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage, increased anti-nuclear antibody, anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels, and enhanced immune complexes deposition and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the lung and kidney tissues of MFG-E8-deficient mice exposed to pristane. In patients with SLE and mice with pristane-induced lupus, neutrophil accumulation is elevated, which depends on higher expression of the surface receptor CXCR2. After pretreatment with recombinant MFG-E8, the surface expression of CXCR2 on neutrophil is downregulated, and the MFG-E8 deletion increase CXCR2 expression by ~40%. These studies indicate that MFG-E8 reduces neutrophil migration and NETosis via downregulating surface CXCR2 expression in parallel with its role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, suggesting that MFG-E8 may serve as a therapeutic agent for attenuating the early inflammatory responses of SLE and protect patients from lupus-related damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianpen Cui
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Saxon JA, Sherrill TP, Polosukhin VV, Sai J, Zaynagetdinov R, McLoed AG, Gulleman PM, Barham W, Cheng DS, Hunt RP, Gleaves LA, Richmond A, Young LR, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. Epithelial NF-κB signaling promotes EGFR-driven lung carcinogenesis via macrophage recruitment. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1168549. [PMID: 27471643 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1168549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that NF-κB activation is common in lung cancer; however, the mechanistic links between NF-κB signaling and tumorigenesis remain to be fully elucidated. We investigated the function of NF-κB signaling in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung tumors using a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline (dox)-inducible expression of oncogenic EGFR in the lung epithelium with or without a dominant inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. NF-κB inhibition resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden in both EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive and resistant tumors. However, NF-κB inhibition did not alter epithelial cell survival in vitro or in vivo, and no changes were detected in activation of EGFR downstream signaling pathways. Instead, we observed an influx of inflammatory cells (macrophages and neutrophils) in the lungs of mice with oncogenic EGFR expression that was blocked in the setting of NF-κB inhibition. To investigate whether inflammatory cells play a role in promoting EGFR-mutant lung tumors, we depleted macrophages and neutrophils during tumorigenesis and found that neutrophil depletion had no effect on tumor formation, but macrophage depletion caused a significant reduction in tumor burden. Together, these data suggest that epithelial NF-κB signaling supports carcinogenesis in a non-cell autonomous manner in EGFR-mutant tumors through recruitment of pro-tumorigenic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter M Gulleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raphael P Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Liu CJ, Kuo FC, Wang CL, Kuo CH, Wang SSW, Chen CY, Huang YB, Cheng KH, Yokoyama KK, Chen CL, Lu CY, Wu DC. Suppression of IL-8-Src signalling axis by 17β-estradiol inhibits human mesenchymal stem cells-mediated gastric cancer invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:962-72. [PMID: 26945908 PMCID: PMC4831355 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show the incidence of gastric cancer in men is twofold higher than in women worldwide. Oestrogen is reported to have the capacity against gastric cancer development. Endogenous oestrogen reduces gastric cancer incidence in women. Cancer patients treated with oestrogens have a lower subsequent risk of gastric cancer. Accumulating studies report that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) might contribute to the progression of gastric cancer through paracrine effect of soluble factors. Here, we further explore the effect of oestrogen on BMMSCs‐mediated human gastric cancer invasive motility. We founded that HBMMSCs notably secrete interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) protein. Administration of IL‐8 specific neutralizing antibody significantly inhibits HBMMSCs‐mediated gastric cancer motility. Treatment of recombinant IL‐8 soluble protein confirmed the role of IL‐8 in mediating HBMMSCs‐up‐regulated cell motility. IL‐8 up‐regulates motility activity through Src signalling pathway in human gastric cancer. We further observed that 17β ‐estradiol inhibit HBMMSCS‐induced cell motility via suppressing activation of IL8‐Src signalling in human gastric cancer cells. 17β‐estradiol inhibits IL8‐up‐regulated Src downstream target proteins including p‐Cas, p‐paxillin, p‐ERK1/2, p‐JNK1/2, MMP9, tPA and uPA. These results suggest that 17β‐estradiol significantly inhibits HBMMSCS‐induced invasive motility through suppressing IL8‐Src signalling axis in human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Lin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sophie S W Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Bin Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Two macrophage migration inhibitory factors regulate starfish larval immune cell chemotaxis. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:315-21. [PMID: 26833025 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell recruitment is critical step in the inflammatory response and associated diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood in invertebrates. Mesenchyme cells of the starfish larvae, which allowed Metchnikoff to complete his landmark experiments, are important model for analysis of immune cell migration. The present study investigated the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)--an evolutionarily conserved cytokine that is functionally similar to chemokines--in the larvae of the starfish Patiria (Asterina) pectinifera, which were found to possess two orthologs, ApMIF1 and ApMIF2. ApMIF1 and ApMIF2 clustered with mammalian MIF and its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), respectively, in the phylogenetic analysis. In contrast to the functional similarity between mammalian MIF and DDT, ApMIF1 knockdown resulted in the excessive recruitment of mesenchyme cells in vivo, whereas ApMIF2 deficiency inhibited the recruitment of these cells to foreign bodies. Mesenchyme cells migrated along a gradient of recombinant ApMIF2 in vitro, whereas recombinant ApMIF1 completely blocked ApMIF2-induced directed migration. Moreover, the expression patterns of ApMIF1 and ApMIF2 messenger RNA in bacteria-challenged mesenchyme cells were consistent with in vivo observations of cell behaviors. These results indicate that ApMIF1 and ApMIF2 act as chemotactic inhibitory and stimulatory factors, respectively, and coordinately regulate mesenchyme cell recruitment during the immune response in starfish larvae. This is the first report describing opposing functions for MIF- and DDT-like molecules. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying immune regulation in invertebrates.
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30
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Raman D, Sai J, Hawkins O, Richmond A. Adaptor protein2 (AP2) orchestrates CXCR2-mediated cell migration. Traffic 2014; 15:451-69. [PMID: 24450359 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR2 is vital for inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Adaptor protein 2 (AP2), a clathrin binding heterotetrameric protein comprised of α, β2, μ2 and σ2 subunits, facilitates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mutation of the LLKIL motif in the CXCR2 carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) results in loss of AP2 binding to the receptor and loss of ligand-mediated receptor internalization and chemotaxis. AP2 knockdown also results in diminished ligand-mediated CXCR2 internalization, polarization and chemotaxis. Using knockdown/rescue approaches with AP2-μ2 mutants, the binding domains were characterized in reference to CXCR2 internalization and chemotaxis. When in an open conformation, μ2 Patch 1 and Patch 2 domains bind tightly to membrane PIP2 phospholipids. When AP2-μ2, is replaced with μ2 mutated in Patch 1 and/or Patch 2 domains, ligand-mediated receptor binding and internalization are not lost. However, chemotaxis requires AP2-μ2 Patch 1, but not Patch 2. AP2-σ2 has been demonstrated to bind dileucine motifs to facilitate internalization. Expression of AP2-σ2 V88D and V98S dominant negative mutants resulted in loss of CXCR2 mediated chemotaxis. Thus, AP2 binding to both membrane phosphatidylinositol phospholipids and dileucine motifs is crucial for directional migration or chemotaxis. Moreover, AP2-mediated receptor internalization can be dissociated from AP2-mediated chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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31
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López-Guerra M, Xargay-Torrent S, Rosich L, Montraveta A, Roldán J, Matas-Céspedes A, Villamor N, Aymerich M, López-Otín C, Pérez-Galán P, Roué G, Campo E, Colomer D. The γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 combined with fludarabine antagonizes migration, invasion and angiogenesis in NOTCH1-mutated CLL cells. Leukemia 2014; 29:96-106. [PMID: 24781018 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting Notch signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), especially for the poor prognostic subgroup of NOTCH1-mutated patients. Here, we report that the γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 inhibits the constitutive Notch activation and induces selective apoptosis in CLL cells carrying NOTCH1 mutations. Combination of PF-03084014 with fludarabine has a synergistic antileukemic effect in primary NOTCH1-mutated CLL cells, even in the presence of the protective stroma. At transcriptional level, PF-03084014 plus fludarabine treatment induces the upregulation of the proapoptotic gene HRK and the downmodulation of MMP9, IL32 and RAC2 genes that are related to invasion and chemotaxis. PF-03084014 also overcomes fludarabine-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. Moreover, this combination impairs angiogenesis and CXCL12-induced responses in NOTCH1-mutated CLL cells, in particular those related to tumoral migration and invasion. Importantly, all these collaborative effects are specific for NOTCH1 mutation and do not occur in unmutated cases. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Notch is a therapeutic target in CLL cases with NOTCH1-activating mutations, supporting the use of Notch pathway inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy as a promising approach for the treatment of these high-risk CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Xargay-Torrent
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Rosich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Montraveta
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Roldán
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Matas-Céspedes
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Villamor
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Aymerich
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo - IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Galán
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Roué
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Colomer
- 1] Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain [2] Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Poluzzi C, Casulli J, Goyal A, Mercer TJ, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin evokes autophagy in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16114-28. [PMID: 24737315 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal fragment of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, possesses angiostatic activity via dual receptor antagonism, through concurrent binding to the α2β1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Here, we discovered that soluble endorepellin induced autophagy in endothelial cells by modulating the expression of Beclin 1, LC3, and p62, three established autophagic markers. Moreover, endorepellin evoked expression of the imprinted tumor suppressor gene Peg3 and its co-localization with Beclin 1 and LC3 in autophagosomes, suggesting a major role for this gene in endothelial cell autophagy. Mechanistically, endorepellin induced autophagy by down-regulating VEGFR2 via the two LG1/2 domains, whereas the C-terminal LG3 domain, the portion responsible for binding the α2β1 integrin, was ineffective. Endorepellin also induced transcriptional activity of the BECN1 promoter in endothelial cells, and the VEGFR2-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU5416, blocked this effect. Finally, we found a correlation between endorepellin-evoked inhibition of capillary morphogenesis and enhanced autophagy. Thus, we have identified a new role for this endogenous angiostatic fragment in inducing autophagy through a VEGFR2-dependent but α2β1 integrin-independent pathway. This novel mechanism specifically targets endothelial cells and could represent a promising new strategy to potentiate the angiostatic effect of endorepellin and perhaps other angiostatic matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Poluzzi
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Joshua Casulli
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Atul Goyal
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Thomas J Mercer
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Thomas Neill
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Shelef MA, Tauzin S, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophil migration: moving from zebrafish models to human autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:269-81. [PMID: 24117827 PMCID: PMC4117680 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in the neutrophil's role in autoimmune disease. Classically considered an early responder that dies at the site of inflammation, new findings using live imaging of embryonic zebrafish and other modalities suggest that neutrophils can reverse migrate away from sites of inflammation. These 'inflammation-sensitized' neutrophils, as well as the neutrophil extracellular traps and other products made by neutrophils in general, may have many implications for autoimmunity. Here, we review what is known about the role of neutrophils in three different autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and small vessel vasculitis. We then highlight recent findings related to several cytoskeletal regulators that guide neutrophil recruitment including Lyn, Rac2, and SHIP. Finally, we discuss how our improved understanding of the molecules that control neutrophil chemotaxis may impact our knowledge of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Shelef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sebastien Tauzin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI
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Chiu IM, Heesters BA, Ghasemlou N, Von Hehn CA, Zhao F, Tran J, Wainger B, Strominger A, Muralidharan S, Horswill AR, Wardenburg JB, Hwang SW, Carroll MC, Woolf CJ. Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation. Nature 2013; 501:52-7. [PMID: 23965627 PMCID: PMC3773968 DOI: 10.1038/nature12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptor sensory neurons are specialized to detect potentially damaging stimuli, protecting the organism by initiating the sensation of pain and eliciting defensive behaviours. Bacterial infections produce pain by unknown molecular mechanisms, although they are presumed to be secondary to immune activation. Here we demonstrate that bacteria directly activate nociceptors, and that the immune response mediated through TLR2, MyD88, T cells, B cells, and neutrophils and monocytes is not necessary for Staphylococcus aureus-induced pain in mice. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice is correlated with live bacterial load rather than tissue swelling or immune activation. Bacteria induce calcium flux and action potentials in nociceptor neurons, in part via bacterial N-formylated peptides and the pore-forming toxin α-haemolysin, through distinct mechanisms. Specific ablation of Nav1.8-lineage neurons, which include nociceptors, abrogated pain during bacterial infection, but concurrently increased local immune infiltration and lymphadenopathy of the draining lymph node. Thus, bacterial pathogens produce pain by directly activating sensory neurons that modulate inflammation, an unsuspected role for the nervous system in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Chiu
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Balthasar A. Heesters
- Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christian A. Von Hehn
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Quantitative Biology Program, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Johnathan Tran
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brian Wainger
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Strominger
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sriya Muralidharan
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Michael C. Carroll
- Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Selvatici R, Brullo C, Bruno O, Spisani S. Differential inhibition of signaling pathways by two new imidazo-pyrazoles molecules in fMLF-OMe- and IL8-stimulated human neutrophil. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:428-34. [PMID: 23978569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), its methyl ester fMLF-OMe and interleukin 8 (IL8) play a pivotal role in neutrophil chemotaxis regulation in the latter and early stages, respectively, but the mechanisms through which the signal transduction pathways activate this function are not yet completely understood. Compounds 3l and 3r, a new class of arylcarbamoyl-imidazo-pyrazoles derivatives, were described as the first example of compounds able to inhibit human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by both fMLF-OMe and IL8. Here, we report their effects on superoxide production and lysozyme release. No inhibition was observed, thus they could be defined as "pure" chemotactic antagonists. Therefore, such molecules were used to highlight specific kinases involved in neutrophil chemotaxis. Our data provide support that compounds 3l and 3r strongly inhibit p38 MAPK with either fMLF-OMe or IL8 chemoattractants, while they show different signaling pathways regarding PKC isoforms suggesting that a fine tuning of the neutrophil activation occurs through differences in the activation of signaling pathways. Neither fMLF-OMe nor IL8 were able to obtain activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Since anomalous activation of neutrophil recruitment is one of the causes of many inflammatory diseases, the good versatility of our derivatives could represent the most important characteristic of these new molecules in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Selvatici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, U.O. Genetica Medica, Università di Ferrara, Via F. di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Abstract
Soluble decorin affects the biology of several receptor tyrosine kinases by triggering receptor internalization and degradation. We found that decorin induced paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), an imprinted tumor suppressor gene, and that Peg3 relocated into autophagosomes labeled by Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated light chain 3. Decorin evoked Peg3-dependent autophagy in both microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells leading to suppression of angiogenesis. Peg3 coimmunoprecipitated with Beclin 1 and LC3 and was required for maintaining basal levels of Beclin 1. Decorin, via Peg3, induced transcription of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha genes, thereby leading to a protracted autophagic program. Mechanistically, decorin interacted with VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in a region overlapping with its natural ligand VEGFA, and VEGFR2 was required for decorin-evoked Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha expression as well as for Peg3 induction in endothelial cells. Moreover, decorin induced VEGFR2-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, we have unveiled a mechanism for a secreted proteoglycan in inducing Peg3, a master regulator of macroautophagy in endothelial cells.
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Tong M, Han BB, Holpuch AS, Pei P, He L, Mallery SR. Inherent phenotypic plasticity facilitates progression of head and neck cancer: endotheliod characteristics enable angiogenesis and invasion. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1028-42. [PMID: 23370231 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), EndMT (endothelial-mesenchymal transition) and VM (vasculogenic mimicry) demonstrates the multidirectional extent of phenotypic plasticity in cancers. Previous findings demonstrating the crosstalk between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) imply that HNSCC cells share some functional commonalities with endothelial cells. Our current results reveal that cultured HNSCC cells not only possess endothelial-specific markers, but also display endotheliod functional features including low density lipoprotein uptake, formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel and growth state responsiveness to VEGF and endostatin. HNSCC cell subpopulations are also highly responsive to transforming growth factor-β1 and express its auxiliary receptor, endoglin. Furthermore, the endotheliod characteristics observed in vitro recapitulate phenotypic features observed in human HNSCC tumors. Conversely, cultured normal human oral keratinocytes and intact or ulcerated human oral epithelia do not express comparable endotheliod characteristics, which imply that assumption of endotheliod features is restricted to transformed keratinocytes. In addition, this phenotypic state reciprocity facilitates HNSCC progression by increasing production of factors that are concurrently pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic, conserving cell energy stores by LDL internalization and enhancing cell mobility. Finally, recognition of this endotheliod phenotypic transition provides a solid rationale to evaluate the antitumorigenic potential of therapeutic agents formerly regarded as exclusively angiostatic in scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tong
- Division of Oral Pathology and Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Khajah M, Andonegui G, Chan R, Craig AW, Greer PA, McCafferty DM. Fer kinase limits neutrophil chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2208-16. [PMID: 23355730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment and directional movement toward chemotactic stimuli are important processes in innate immune responses. This study examines the role of Fer kinase in neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis to various chemoattractants in vitro and in vivo. Mice targeted with a kinase-inactivating mutation (Fer(DR/DR)) or wild type (WT) were studied using time-lapse intravital microscopy to examine leukocyte recruitment and chemotaxis in vivo. In response to keratinocyte-derived cytokine, no difference in leukocyte chemotaxis was observed between WT and Fer(DR/DR) mice. However, in response to the chemotactic peptide WKYMVm, a selective agonist of the formyl peptide receptor, a 2-fold increase in leukocyte emigration was noted in Fer(DR/DR) mice (p < 0.05). To determine whether these defects were due to Fer signaling in the endothelium or other nonhematopoietic cells, bone marrow chimeras were generated. WKYMVm-induced leukocyte recruitment in chimeric mice (WT bone marrow to Fer(DR/DR) recipients or vice versa) was similar to WT mice, suggesting that Fer kinase signaling in both leukocytes and endothelial cells serves to limit chemotaxis. Purified Fer(DR/DR) neutrophils demonstrated enhanced chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants (WKYMVm and C5a) compared with WT using an under-agarose gel chemotaxis assay. These defects were not observed in response to intermediate chemoattractants (keratinocyte-derived cytokine, MIP-2, or LTB(4)). Increased WKYMVm-induced chemotaxis of Fer(DR/DR) neutrophils correlated with sustained PI3K activity and reduced reliance on the p38 MAPK pathway compared with WT neutrophils. Together, these data identify Fer as a novel inhibitory kinase for neutrophil chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants through modulation of PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Khajah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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Jung HJ, Jeon YH, Bokara KK, Koo BN, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee JE. Agmatine promotes the migration of murine brain endothelial cells via multiple signaling pathways. Life Sci 2012; 92:42-50. [PMID: 23154244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The combination of adhesion and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) is an integral process for evolution, organization, repair and vessel formation in living organisms. Agmatine, a polycationic amine existing in brain, has been investigated to exert neuroprotective effects. Up to date, there are no studies reporting that agmatine modulates murine brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells migration. In the present study, we intend to investigate the role of agmatine in bEnd.3 cells migration and the molecular mechanism mediating this action. MAIN METHODS The effect of agmatine on the bEnd.3 cells migration was examined by migration assay, and the mechanism involved for this effect was investigated by western blot analysis and NO contents measurements. KEY FINDINGS Agmatine treatment (50, 100 and 200 μM) significantly accelerated bEnd.3 cells migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting revealed that agmatine treatment significantly induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1/KDR or VEGFR2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt/protein kinase B (also known as PKB, PI3K downstream effector protein), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) nitric oxide (NO; product by eNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressions during bEnd.3 cells migration. The expression of ICAM-1 and migration of bEnd.3 cells, induced by agmatine, were significantly attenuated by treatment of wortmannin, a specific PI3K inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, we provide the first evidence that activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 and the consequential PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO/ICAM-1 signaling pathways are serial events, through which the treatment of agmatine could lead to bEnd.3 cells migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Goyal A, Poluzzi C, Willis CD, Smythies J, Shellard A, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin affects angiogenesis by antagonizing diverse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-evoked signaling pathways: transcriptional repression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and VEGFA and concurrent inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43543-56. [PMID: 23060442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the angiostatic C-terminal domain of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits angiogenesis by simultaneously binding to the α2β1 integrin and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells. This interaction triggers the down-regulation of both receptors and the concurrent activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which leads to a signaling cascade resulting in angiostasis. Here, we provide evidence that endorepellin is capable of attenuating both the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/mTOR and the PKC/JNK/AP1 pathways. We show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional activity induced by VEGFA was inhibited by endorepellin independent of oxygen concentration and that only a combination of both PI3K and calcineurin inhibitors completely blocked the suppressive activity evoked by endorepellin on HIF1A and VEGFA promoter activity. Moreover, endorepellin inhibited the PKC/JNK/AP1 axis induced by the recruitment of phospholipase γ and attenuated the VEGFA-induced activation of NFAT1, a process dependent on calcineurin activity. Finally, endorepellin inhibited VEGFA-evoked nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and promoted NFAT1 stability. Thus, we provide evidence for a novel downstream signaling axis for an angiostatic fragment and for the key components involved in the dual antagonistic activity of endorepellin, highlighting its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Neutrophil extracellular traps exhibit antibacterial activity against burkholderia pseudomallei and are influenced by bacterial and host factors. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3921-9. [PMID: 22927051 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00806-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative pathogen of melioidosis, of which a major predisposing factor is diabetes mellitus. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) kill microbes extracellularly by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PMNs play a key role in the control of melioidosis, but the involvement of NETs in killing of B. pseudomallei remains obscure. Here, we showed that bactericidal NETs were released from human PMNs in response to B. pseudomallei in a dose- and time-dependent manner. B. pseudomallei-induced NET formation required NADPH oxidase activation but not phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, or Src family kinase signaling pathways. B. pseudomallei mutants defective in the virulence-associated Bsa type III protein secretion system (T3SS) or capsular polysaccharide I (CPS-I) induced elevated levels of NETs. NET induction by such mutants was associated with increased bacterial killing, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by PMNs. Taken together the data imply that T3SS and the capsule may play a role in evading the induction of NETs. Importantly, PMNs from diabetic subjects released NETs at a lower level than PMNs from healthy subjects. Modulation of NET formation may therefore be associated with the pathogenesis and control of melioidosis.
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Zou W, Chu X, Cai C, Zou M, Meng X, Chen H, Zou F. AKT-mediated regulation of polarization in differentiated human neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:853-62. [PMID: 22588279 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil polarization is critical for the inflammatory response. AKT is a serine/threonine protein kinase and has been implicated in cell migration. However, it is not completely clear whether AKT affects neutrophil polarization. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that AKT regulates the polarization of neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells (dHL-60) in response to fMLP. METHODS HL-60 cells were differentiated into dHL-60 by incubation in medium containing 1.3 % DMSO for up to 6 days. Polarization of dHL-60 cells and primary human neutrophils were measured by Zigmond chamber. Phospho-Akt was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. F-actin polymerization was detected by Rhodamine-Phalloidine staining. Rac2 activation was evaluated using GST Pull-down assay. RESULTS We found that changes in the rate of cell polarization were consistent with the changes in AKT phosphorylation levels during HL-60 cell differentiation in response to fMLP. Moreover, cell polarization and AKT phosphorylation were reduced in fMLP-stimulated dHL-60 cells pretreated with the PI3 kinase inhibitors or the AKT inhibitors, which was confirmed in the primary human neutrophils. The AKT inhibitors altered fMLP-induced F-actin polymerization. Rac2 GTPases was also decreased by the AKT inhibitors in fMLP-stimulated dHL-60 cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that AKT activation plays a crucial role in dHL-60 cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sala-Valdés M, Gordón-Alonso M, Tejera E, Ibáñez A, Cabrero JR, Ursa A, Mittelbrunn M, Lozano F, Sánchez-Madrid F, Yáñez-Mó M. Association of syntenin-1 with M-RIP polarizes Rac-1 activation during chemotaxis and immune interactions. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1235-46. [PMID: 22349701 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe that the PDZ protein syntenin-1 is a crucial element for the generation of signaling asymmetry during the cellular response to polarized extracellular cues. We analyze the role of syntenin-1 in the control of asymmetry in two independent models of T cell polarization--the migratory response to chemoattractants and the establishment of cognate interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). A combination of mutant, biochemical and siRNA approaches demonstrate that syntenin-1 is vital for the generation of polarized actin structures such as the leading edge and the contact zone with APCs. We found that the mechanism by which syntenin-1 controls actin polymerization relies on its mandatory role for activation of the small GTPase Rac. Syntenin-1 controls Rac through a specific association with the myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein (M-RIP), which occurs in response to phosphorylation of syntenin-1 by Src at Tyr4. Our data indicate the key role of syntenin-1 in the generation of functional asymmetry in T cells and provide a novel mechanistic link between receptor activation and actin polymerization and accumulation in response to extracellular stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sala-Valdés
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Lütschg V, Boucke K, Hemmi S, Greber UF. Chemotactic antiviral cytokines promote infectious apical entry of human adenovirus into polarized epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2011; 2:391. [PMID: 21750545 PMCID: PMC7091692 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelia provide strong barriers against pathogens. For instance, the outward facing apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells lacks receptors for agents, such as hepatitis C virus, herpesvirus, reovirus, poliovirus or adenovirus. In addition, macrophages eliminate pathogens from the luminal space. Here we show that human adenovirus type 5 engages an antiviral immune response to enter polarized epithelial cells. Blood-derived macrophages co-cultured apically on polarized epithelial cells facilitate epithelial infection. Infection also occurs in the absence of macrophages, if virus-conditioned macrophage-medium containing the chemotactic cytokine CXCL8 (interleukin-8), or recombinant CXCL8 are present. In polarized cells, CXCL8 activates a Src-family tyrosine kinase via the apical CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. This activation process relocates the viral co-receptor ανβ3 integrin to the apical surface, and enables apical binding and infection with adenovirus depending on the primary adenovirus receptor CAR. This paradigm may explain how other mucosal pathogens enter epithelial cells. Studying how pathogens enter polarized epithelial cells is important for understanding infection. Here, activation of chemokine receptors on the apical membrane of epithelial cells, is shown to engage Src family tyrosine signalling, resulting in relocation of the viral co-receptor αvβ3 to the apical membrane and adenovirus entry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lütschg
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Raman D, Milatovic SZ, Milatovic D, Splittgerber R, Fan GH, Richmond A. Chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and stromal cell-derived factor-1α, suppress amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:300-13. [PMID: 21704645 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and accumulation of neurotoxic oligomeric peptides amyloid-β (Aβ). Although the molecular events are not entirely known, it has become evident that inflammation, environmental and other risk factors may play a causal, disruptive and/or protective role in the development of AD. The present study investigated the ability of the chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), the respective ligands for chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4, to suppress Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with MIP-2 or SDF-1α significantly protected neurons from Aβ-induced dendritic regression and apoptosis in vitro through activation of Akt, ERK1/2 and maintenance of metalloproteinase ADAM17 especially with SDF-1α. Intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ led to reduction in dendritic length and spine density of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and increased oxidative damage 24h following the exposure. The Aβ-induced morphometric changes of neurons and increase in biomarkers of oxidative damage, F(2)-isoprostanes, were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with the chemokines MIP-2 or SDF-1α. Additionally, MIP-2 or SDF-1α was able to suppress the aberrant mislocalization of p21-activated kinase (PAK), one of the proteins involved in the maintenance of dendritic spines. Furthermore, MIP-2 also protected neurons against Aβ neurotoxicity in CXCR2-/- mice, potentially through observed up regulation of CXCR1 mRNA. Understanding the neuroprotective potential of chemokines is crucial in defining the role for their employment during the early stages of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Lowell CA. Src-family and Syk kinases in activating and inhibitory pathways in innate immune cells: signaling cross talk. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a002352. [PMID: 21068150 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The response of innate immune cells to growth factors, immune complexes, extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, pathogens, cellular damage, and many other stimuli is regulated by a complex net of intracellular signal transduction pathways. The majority of these pathways are either initiated or modulated by Src-family or Syk tyrosine kinases present in innate cells. The Src-family kinases modulate the broadest range of signaling responses, including regulating immunoreceptors, C-type lectins, integrins, G-protein-coupled receptors, and many others. Src-family kinases also modulate the activity of other kinases, including the Tec-family members as well as FAK and Pyk2. Syk kinase is required for initiation of signaling involving receptors that utilize immunoreceptor tyrosine activation (ITAM) domains. This article reviews the major activating and inhibitory signaling pathways regulated by these cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, illuminating the many examples of signaling cross talk between pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA.
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Raman D, Sobolik-Delmaire T, Richmond A. Chemokines in health and disease. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:575-89. [PMID: 21223965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play a key role in development and homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Chemokines are involved in the implantation of the early conceptus, the migration of subsets of cells during embryonic development, and the overall growth of the embryo. Chemokines also have an important role in the development and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, they play a significant role in wound healing and angiogenesis. When the physiological role of chemokines is subverted or chronically amplified, disease often follows. Chemokines are involved in the pathobiology of chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastasis, as well as autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the role of chemokines and their receptors in normal and disease processes and the potential for using chemokine antagonists for appropriate targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, USA
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Marcos V, Zhou Z, Yildirim AO, Bohla A, Hector A, Vitkov L, Wiedenbauer EM, Krautgartner WD, Stoiber W, Belohradsky BH, Rieber N, Kormann M, Koller B, Roscher A, Roos D, Griese M, Eickelberg O, Döring G, Mall MA, Hartl D. CXCR2 mediates NADPH oxidase-independent neutrophil extracellular trap formation in cystic fibrosis airway inflammation. Nat Med 2010; 16:1018-23. [PMID: 20818377 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, neutrophils release DNA fibers decorated with antimicrobial proteins, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NETs are bactericidal and contribute to innate host defense, excessive NET formation has been linked to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms regulating NET formation, particularly during chronic inflammation, are poorly understood. Here we show that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR2 mediates NET formation. Downstream analyses showed that CXCR2-mediated NET formation was independent of NADPH oxidase and involved Src family kinases. We show the pathophysiological relevance of this mechanism in cystic fibrosis lung disease, characterized by chronic neutrophilic inflammation. We found abundant NETs in airway fluids of individuals with cystic fibrosis and mouse cystic fibrosis lung disease, and NET amounts correlated with impaired obstructive lung function. Pulmonary blockade of CXCR2 by intra-airway delivery of small-molecule antagonists inhibited NET formation and improved lung function in vivo without affecting neutrophil recruitment, proteolytic activity or antibacterial host defense. These studies establish CXCR2 as a receptor mediating NADPH oxidase-independent NET formation and provide evidence that this GPCR pathway is operative and druggable in cystic fibrosis lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marcos
- Research Center, Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Wang L, Learoyd J, Duan Y, Leff AR, Zhu X. Hematopoietic Pyk2 regulates migration of differentiated HL-60 cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20507587 PMCID: PMC2892486 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Pyk2 is a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that belongs to the focal adhesion kinase family and has been implicated in neutrophil spreading and respiratory burst activity caused by TNF-α. However, the role of Pyk2 in neutrophil migration is incompletely defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Pyk2 regulates the migration of neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells subsequent to β2-integrin mediated cell adhesion. Methods HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into neutrophil-like cells (dHL60) by incubation in medium containing 1.25% DMSO for up to 4 days. Pyk2 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis. Adhesion of dHL60 cells to plated fibrinogen was measured by residual myeloperoxidase activity. dHL60 cell migration was evaluated using a 96-well chemoTx chamber. Results Western blot analysis demonstrated that hematopoietic Pyk2 was predominantly expressed after HL60 cell differentiation. Pyk2 was tyrosine phosphorylated upon adhesion of dHL60 cells to plated fibrinogen in the presence of fMLP. By contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 was insignificant in dHL60 cells treated in suspension with fMLP. Antibodies against CD18 blocked both phosphorylation of Pyk2 and adhesion of dHL60 cells to fibrinogen, demonstrating that phosphorylation of Pyk2 was β2-integrin dependent. TAT-Pyk2-CT, a dominant negative fusion protein in which the TAT protein transduction domain was fused to the c-terminal Pyk2, attenuated fMLP-stimulated spreading, migration and phosphorylation of endogenous Pyk2 without blocking adhesion of dHL-60 cells to fibrinogen. Similarly, silencing of Pyk2 expression by siRNA in dHL60 cells also attenuated dHL60 cell migration caused by fMLP. Phospho-Pyk2 was evenly distributed around cell membrane circumferentially in unstimulated dHL-60 cells adherent to plated fibrinogen. In dHL60 cells treated with fMLP to cause cell spreading and polarization, Pyk2 was concentrated at the leading edge of pseudopods or at the trailing edge of uropods during migration of neutrophilic dHL-60 cells. Conclusions We conclude that Pyk2 is activated by β2-integrin adhesion. The activated concentration of Pyk2 and colocalization with F-actin in pseudopodia suggests that Pyk2 may regulate cell spreading and migration in dHL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Raman D, Sai J, Neel NF, Chew CS, Richmond A. LIM and SH3 protein-1 modulates CXCR2-mediated cell migration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10050. [PMID: 20419088 PMCID: PMC2856662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine receptor CXCR2 plays a pivotal role in migration of neutrophils, macrophages and endothelial cells, modulating several biological responses such as angiogenesis, wound healing and acute inflammation. CXCR2 is also involved in pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, sepsis and atherosclerosis. The ability of CXCR2 to associate with a variety of proteins dynamically is responsible for its effects on directed cell migration or chemotaxis. The dynamic network of such CXCR2 binding proteins is termed as "CXCR2 chemosynapse". Proteomic analysis of proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with CXCR2 in neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells revealed a novel protein, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP-1), binds CXCR2 under both basal and ligand activated conditions. LASP-1 is an actin binding cytoskeletal protein, involved in the cell migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate that CXCR2 and LASP-1 co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize at the leading edge of migrating cells. The LIM domain of LASP-1 directly binds to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of CXCR2. Moreover, LASP-1 also directly binds the CTD of CXCR1, CXCR3 and CXCR4. Using a site-directed and deletion mutagenesis approach, Iso323-Leu324 of the conserved LKIL motif on CXCR2-CTD was identified as the binding site for LASP-1. Interruption of the interaction between CXCR2-CTD and LIM domain of LASP-1 by dominant negative and knock down approaches inhibited CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis. Analysis for the mechanism for inhibition of CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis indicated that LASP-1/CXCR2 interaction is essential for cell motility and focal adhesion turnover involving activation of Src, paxillin, PAK1, p130CAS and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate here for the first time that LASP-1 is a key component of the "CXCR2 chemosynapse" and LASP-1 interaction with CXCR2 is critical for CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis. Furthermore, LASP-1 also directly binds the CTD of CXCR1, CXCR3 and CXCR4, suggesting that LASP-1 is a general mediator of CXC chemokine mediated chemotaxis. Thus, LASP-1 may serve as a new link coordinating the flow of information between chemokine receptors and nascent focal adhesions, especially at the leading edge. Thus the association between the chemokine receptors and LASP-1 suggests to the presence of a CXC chemokine receptor-LASP-1 pro-migratory module in cells governing the cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole F. Neel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Catherine S. Chew
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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