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Chen C, Cui P, Zhao K, Niu G, Hou S, Zhao D, Zeng H. Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 Isoform 1L regulated tumor growth by targeting both angiogenesis and tumor cells. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104305. [PMID: 34958805 PMCID: PMC9295909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for solid tumor growth beyond its minimal size. Previously, we reported that Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 isoform 1L (DSCR1-1L) was one of the most up-regulated genes in endothelial cells induced by VEGF and histamine, and regulated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. However, it was not known whether DSCR1-1L played a role in tumor growth. In this study, we found that DSCR1-1L shRNAs significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted melanoma in mice and its associated tumoral angiogenesis. In the gain of function assay, overexpression of DSCR1-1L cDNA in mouse endothelium is sufficient to significantly increase the tumor initiation induced by carcinogen, the growth of xenografted tumor, and the tumor metastasis in our endothelially-expressed DSCR1-1L transgenic mice, in which angiogenesis was induced. It was the first time to find that DSCR1-1L was also expressed in various tumor cells. DSCR1-1L shRNAs inhibited, but overexpression of DSCR1-1L cDNA increased, the tumor cell proliferation and migration. Most recently, we reported that DSCR1-1L modulated angiogenesis by down-regulation of VE-cadherin expression. Here, we found that DSCR1-1L down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin. Hence, DSCR1-1L is an excellent therapeutic target for cancers by regulation of both the endothelial and tumor cells through down-regulating (V)E-cadherin. DSCR1-1L shRNAs have the potential to be developed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgery of Breast and Thyroid, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gengming Niu
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shiqiang Hou
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dezheng Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huiyan Zeng
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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2
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Hou S, Niu G, Liu X, Bourbon PM, Zhang D, Cui P, Zhao K, Zhao D, Zeng H. A novel transcriptional complex on the VE-cadherin promoter regulated the downregulation of VE-cadherin in the Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 isoform 1L-mediated angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104209. [PMID: 34146582 PMCID: PMC9295908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for many diseases. Previously, we reported that Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 isoform 1L (DSCR1-1L) was one of the most up-regulated genes in endothelial cells induced by VEGF and histamine, and regulated endothelial cell proliferation and Matrigel angiogenesis in mice. However, it was not known whether DSCR1-1L regulated angiogenesis in vivo and what was the molecular mechanism underlying it. In this study, gene knockdown and overexpression models were established to study the role of DSCR1-1L in angiogenesis in vivo. Further, the downstream regulatory target of DSCR1-1L was explored with molecular biological methods in vascular endothelial cells. We found that DSCR1-1L shRNAs significantly inhibited angiogenesis induced by VEGF in mice (p < 0.0001). In the gain-of-function assay, overexpression of DSCR1-1L cDNA in mouse endothelium of EC-FH-DSCR1-1L transgenic mice was sufficient to induce angiogenesis significantly (p < 0.01). DSCR1-1L regulated angiogenesis in the early stage by down-regulation of the VE-cadherin expression through targeting its transcription, but not mRNA stability. Three DSCR1-1L-targeted DNA elements in the VE-cadherin promoter were identified by promoter reporter assays, among which, a novel specific transcriptional complex was found. The DNA sequence (CTTCTG) in the VE-cadherin promoter was identified to directly interact with proteins by Electrophoresis Mobility Shift Assays and DNase I footprint assay. Hence, DSCR1-1L is an excellent therapeutic target for angiogenic diseases through down-regulating the formation of a novel transcriptional complex on the VE-cadherin promoter. DSCR1-1L shRNAs and cDNA have the potential to be developed for clinical application. Our results also contribute significantly to the field of mechanistic studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Hou
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Gengming Niu
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pierre M Bourbon
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dezheng Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huiyan Zeng
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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3
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Wang S, Wang Y, Qiu K, Zhu J, Wu Y. RCAN1 in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and a potential therapeutic target. Mol Med 2020; 26:118. [PMID: 33267791 PMCID: PMC7709393 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Considerable efforts are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in both development/maintenance of the cardiovascular system and the pathogenesis of CVDs. RCAN1 reduction protects against atherosclerosis by reducing the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, whereas RCAN1 has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma/aortic rupture mainly mediated by maintaining mitochondrial function and inhibiting calcineurin and Rho kinase activity, respectively. In this review, the regulation and the function of RCAN1 are summarized. Moreover, the dysregulation of RCAN1 in CVDs is reviewed. In addition, the beneficial role of RCAN1 reduction in atherosclerosis and the protective role of RCAN1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma /aortic rupture are discussed, as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting RCAN1 for CVDs treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road No. 44, Lixia District, JinanShandong, 250012, China
| | - Kaixin Qiu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road No. 44, Lixia District, JinanShandong, 250012, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Rencheng District, Jining, 272013, Shandong, China.
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4
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Lee SK, Ahnn J. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:671-685. [PMID: 32576715 PMCID: PMC7468584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Cui P, Liu X, Zhao K, Hou S, Chen C, Zhao D, Zeng H. The novel axis of YAP1, transcription enhancer factor 3 and Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 isoform 1L is a common signaling pathway downstream of several angiogenic factors. Microvasc Res 2019; 129:103955. [PMID: 31733305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of many diseases. Previously, we found that Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 Isoform 1L (DSCR1-1L) was expressed in human tumor vessels, but was not detectable in normal tissues, and played important roles in angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A165). The expressions of DSCR1-1L mRNA and protein induced by VEGF-A165 were regulated via the direct interaction of transcription enhancer factor 3 (TEF3) with DSCR1-1L promoter. However, the function and the regulation of DSCR1-1L in angiogenesis had not been completely understood. In this study, we found that the expressions of DSCR1-1L mRNA and proteins were upregulated by other angiogenic factors, including VEGF-A121, VEGF-E, histamine, PAF, the endothelial cell (EC) growth medium, and the conditional medium obtained from cancer cells, but not by PlGF, bFGF, PDGF, and serotonin. The EC proliferation, migration and elongation induced by histamine and EC growth medium were inhibited by knocking down the mRNA and protein expressions of DSCR1-1L and TEF3. The TEF3 activation was regulated by its interaction with YAP1, and translocation from cytosol to nuclei, but not by increase of protein expression, after the stimulation of VEGF, histamine and EC growth medium. YAP1 regulated the protein expression of DSCR1-1L, the proliferation, migration and elongation of ECs induced by VEGF, histamine and EC growth medium. Taken together, this study identified a novel axis of YAP1, TEF3 and DSCR1-1L that was a common signaling pathway downstream of several angiogenic factors to regulate angiogenesis, suggesting that this pathway is an excellent therapeutic target for angiogenic diseases and cancers. Our results contribute significantly to the field of mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shiqiang Hou
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgery of Breast and Thyroid, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Dezheng Zhao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huiyan Zeng
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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6
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Teng K, Deng C, Xu J, Men Q, Lei T, Di D, Liu T, Li W, Liu X. Nuclear localization of TEF3-1 promotes cell cycle progression and angiogenesis in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13827-41. [PMID: 26885617 PMCID: PMC4924681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TEF3-1 (transcriptional enhancer factor 3 isoform 1), also known as TEAD4 (TEA domain family member 4), was recently revealed as an oncogenic character in cancer development. However, the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined. In this paper, we investigated nuclear TEF3-1 could promote G1/S transition in HUVECs, and the expression levels of cyclins and CDKs were upregulated. Additionally, if TEF3-1 was knocked down, the expression of cyclins and CDKs was downregulated while the expression of P21, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, was upregulated. A microarray analysis also confirmed that TEF3-1 overexpression upregulates genes that are related to cell cycle progression and the promotion of angiogenesis. Moreover, we observed that nuclear TEF3-1 was highly expressed during the formation of vascular structures in gastric cancer (GC). Finally, tumor xenograft experiments indicated that, when TEF3-1 was knocked down, tumor growth and angiogenesis were also suppressed. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that TEF3-1 localization to the nucleus stimulates the cell cycle progression in HUVECs and specifically contributes to tumor angiogenesis. Nuclear TEF3-1 in HUVECs may serve as an oncogenic biomarker, and the suppression of TEF3-1 may be a potential target in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Teng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cuilan Deng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxu Men
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Da Di
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
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KRAS mutation leads to decreased expression of regulator of calcineurin 2, resulting in tumor proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e253. [PMID: 27526107 PMCID: PMC5007825 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations occur in 30–40% of all cases of human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to date, specific therapeutic agents against KRAS-mutated CRC have not been developed. We previously described the generation of mouse models of colon cancer with and without Kras mutations (CDX2P-G22Cre;Apcflox/flox; LSL-KrasG12D and CDX2P-G22Cre;Apcflox/flox mice, respectively). Here, the two mouse models were compared to identify candidate genes, which may represent novel therapeutic targets or predictive biomarkers. Differentially expressed genes in tumors from the two mouse models were identified using microarray analysis, and their expression was compared by quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT–PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses in mouse tumors and surgical specimens of human CRC, with or without KRAS mutations, respectively. Furthermore, the functions of candidate genes were studied using human CRC cell lines. Microarray analysis of 34 000 transcripts resulted in the identification of 19 candidate genes. qRT–PCR analysis data showed that four of these candidate genes (Clps, Irx5, Bex1 and Rcan2) exhibited decreased expression in the Kras-mutated mouse model. The expression of the regulator of calcineurin 2 (RCAN2) was also observed to be lower in KRAS-mutated human CRC. Moreover, inhibitory function for cancer cell proliferation dependent on calcineurin was indicated with overexpression and short hairpin RNA knockdown of RCAN2 in human CRC cell lines. KRAS mutations in CRC lead to a decrease in RCAN2 expression, resulting in tumor proliferation due to derepression of calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling. Our findings suggest that calcineurin–NFAT signal may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of KRAS-mutated CRC.
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Qiao C, Jiang Y, Deng C, Huang Z, Teng K, Chen L, Liu X. Characterization of the transcriptional activation domains of human TEF3-1 (transcription enhancer factor 3 isoform 1). Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 569:54-61. [PMID: 25687649 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
TEF3-1 (transcription enhancer factor 3 isoform 1) is a human transcriptional factor, which has a N-terminal TEA/ATTS domain supposedly for DNA binding and C-terminal PRD and STY domains for transcriptional activation. Taking advantage of the efficient reporter design of yeast two-hybrid system, we characterized the TEF3-1 domains in activating gene expression. Previously study usually mentioned that the C-terminal domain of TEF3-1 has the transcriptional activity, however, our data shows that the peptides TEF3-11-66 and TEF3-1197-434 functioned as two independent activation domains, suggesting that N-terminal domain of TEF3-1 also has transcriptional activation capacity. Additionally, more deletions of amino acids 197-434 showed that only the peptides TEF3-1197-265 contained the minimum sequences for the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain. The protein structure is predicted to contain a helix-turn-helix structure in TEF3-11-66 and four β sheets in TEF3-1197-265. Finally, after the truncated fragments of TEF3-1 were expressed in HUVEC cells, the whole TEF3-1 and the two activation domains could increase F-actin stress fiber, cell proliferation, migration and targeted gene expression. Further analysis and characterization of the activation domains in TEF3-1 may broaden our understanding of the gene involved in angiogenesis and other pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yajie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cuilan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kaixuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Wu Y, Ly PTT, Song W. Aberrant expression of RCAN1 in Alzheimer's pathogenesis: a new molecular mechanism and a novel drug target. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1085-97. [PMID: 24752590 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AD, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Patients with AD are characterized by three hallmarks of neuropathology including neuritic plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neuronal loss. Growing evidences indicate that dysregulation of regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Aberrant RCAN1 expression facilitates neuronal apoptosis and Tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangle formation. This review aims to describe the recent advances of the regulation of RCAN1 expression and its physiological functions. Moreover, the AD risk factors-induced RCAN1 dysregulation and its role in promoting neuronal loss, synaptic impairments and neurofibrillary tangle formation are summarized. Furthermore, we provide an outlook into the effects of RCAN1 dysregulation on APP processing, Aβ generation and neuritic plaque formation, and the possible underlying mechanisms, as well as the potential of targeting RCAN1 as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Wu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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Minami T. Calcineurin-NFAT activation and DSCR-1 auto-inhibitory loop: how is homoeostasis regulated? J Biochem 2014; 155:217-26. [PMID: 24505143 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signalling plays a critical role not only in the immune and nervous systems, but also in cardiovascular development and pathological endothelial cell activation during angiogenesis or inflammation. Studies in NFAT-null mice demonstrated that there is high redundancy between functions of the different NFAT family members. Deletion of only one NFAT causes mild phenotypes, but compound deletions of multiple NFAT family members leads to severe abnormalities in multiple organ systems. Genome-wide transcription analysis revealed that many NFAT target genes are related to cell growth and inflammation, whereas the gene most strongly induced by NFAT in endothelial cells is an auto-inhibitory molecule, Down syndrome critical region (DSCR)-1. The NFAT-DSCR-1 signalling axis may vary depending on the cell-type or signal dosage level under the microenvironment. In the endothelium, stable expression of the DSCR-1 short isoform attenuates septic inflammatory shock, tumour growth and tumour metastasis to lung. Moreover, dysfunction of DSCR-1 and the NFAT priming kinase, DYRK1A, prevents NFAT nuclear occupancy. This change in NFAT nuclear localization is responsible for many of the features of Down syndrome. Thus, fine-tuning of the NFAT-DSCR-1 negative feedback loop may enable therapeutic manipulation in vasculopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Minami
- Div. of Vascular Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Jin Y, Messmer-Blust AF, Li J. The role of transcription enhancer factors in cardiovascular biology. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 21:1-5. [PMID: 22498013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) multigene family is primarily functional in muscle-specific genes through binding to MCAT elements that activate or repress transcription of many genes in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Among the TEF family, TEF-1, RTEF-1, and DTEF-1 are critical regulators of cardiac and smooth muscle-specific genes during cardiovascular development and cardiac disorders including cardiac hypertrophy. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to functioning as muscle-specific transcription factors, members of the TEF family may be key mediators of gene expression induced by hypoxia in endothelial cells by virtue of its multidomain organization, potential for post-translational modifications, and interactions with numerous transcription factors, which represent a cell-selective control mediator of nuclear signaling. We review the recent literature demonstrating the involvement of the TEF family of transcription factors in the regulation of differential gene expression in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Nussaume L, Kanno S, Javot H, Marin E, Pochon N, Ayadi A, Nakanishi TM, Thibaud MC. Phosphate Import in Plants: Focus on the PHT1 Transporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:83. [PMID: 22645553 PMCID: PMC3355772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The main source of phosphorus for plants is inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is characterized by its poor availability and low mobility. Uptake of this element from the soil relies heavily upon the PHT1 transporters, a specific family of plant plasma membrane proteins that were identified by homology with the yeast PHO84 Pi transporter. Since the discovery of PHT1 transporters in 1996, various studies have revealed that their function is controlled by a highly complex network of regulation. This review will summarize the current state of research on plant PHT1 multigenic families, including physiological, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Nussaume
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo, Japan 113-8657
| | - Hélène Javot
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
| | - Elena Marin
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
| | - Nathalie Pochon
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
| | - Amal Ayadi
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
| | - Tomoko M. Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo, Japan 113-8657
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- IBEB-SBVME Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR6191 CNRS-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Cadarache, Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance
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Liu X, Zhao D, James L, Li J, Zeng H. Requirement of the nuclear localization of transcription enhancer factor 3 for proliferation, migration, tube formation, and angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. FASEB J 2010; 25:1188-97. [PMID: 21169383 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-167619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcription enhancer factor 3 (TEF3) is known to regulate the expression of muscle-specific genes and to play important roles in muscle development and diseases. However, little is known about its role in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. Most recently, we discovered a novel function of TEF3, in which TEF3 is required for the up-regulation of a proangiogenic factor, Down syndrome candidate region 1 isoform 1L (DSCR1-1L), induced by VEGF-A(165) in endothelial cells. Overexpression of TEF3 isoform 1 (TEF3-1) is sufficient to induce DSCR1-1L expression. Here, we report that knocking down the expression of TEF3 almost completely inhibits VEGF-A(165)-induced proliferation, migration, tube formation, formation of F-actin stress fiber, and in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis. This inhibition cannot be rescued by DSCR1-1L overexpression. Further, overexpression of TEF3-1, but not its nuclear localization signal-deletion mutant (TEF3-ΔNLS), induces human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and formation of F-actin stress fiber, even in the absence of VEGF-A(165) stimulation, which is partially inhibited by DSCR1-1L silencing. Our data demonstrate that TEF3, mainly its nuclear localization, is required for VEGF-A(165)-induced endothelial proliferation, migration, tube formation, and in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Park J, Oh Y, Chung KC. Two key genes closely implicated with the neuropathological characteristics in Down syndrome: DYRK1A and RCAN1. BMB Rep 2009; 42:6-15. [PMID: 19192387 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common genetic disorder Down syndrome (DS) displays various developmental defects including mental retardation, learning and memory deficit, the early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), congenital heart disease, and craniofacial abnormalities. Those characteristics result from the extra-genes located in the specific region called nDown syndrome critical region (DSCR)' in human chromosome 21. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of the DYRK1A and RCAN1 genes, which are located on DSCR and thought to be closely associated with the typical features of DS patients, and their implication to the pathogenesis of neural defects in DS. DYRK1A phosphorylates several transcriptional factors, such as CREB and NFAT, endocytic complex proteins, and AD-linked gene products. Meanwhile, RCAN1 is an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin A, and its unbalanced activity is thought to cause major neuronal and/or non-neuronal malfunction in DS and AD. Interestingly, they both contribute to the learning and memory deficit, altered synaptic plasticity, impaired cell cycle regulation, and AD-like neuropathology in DS. By understanding their biochemical, functional and physiological roles, we hope to get important molecular basis of DS pathology, which would consequently lead to the basis to develop the possible therapeutic tools for the neural defects in DS. [BMB reports 2009; 42(1): 6-15].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongkyu Park
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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