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Zhong J, Li J, Burton GJ, Koistinen H, Cheung KW, Ng EHY, Yao Y, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. The functional roles of protein glycosylation in human maternal-fetal crosstalk. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:81-108. [PMID: 37699855 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of maternal-fetal crosstalk is vital to a successful pregnancy. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification in which glycans (monosaccharide chains) are attached to an organic molecule. Glycans are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Human endometrial epithelium, endometrial gland secretions, decidual immune cells, and trophoblasts are highly enriched with glycoconjugates and glycan-binding molecules important for a healthy pregnancy. Aberrant glycosylation in the placenta and uterus has been linked to repeated implantation failure and various pregnancy complications, but there is no recent review summarizing the functional roles of glycosylation at the maternal-fetal interface and their associations with pathological processes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to summarize recent findings on glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, and glycan-binding receptors at the maternal-fetal interface, and their involvement in regulating the biology and pathological conditions associated with endometrial receptivity, placentation and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Current knowledge limitations and future insights into the study of glycobiology in reproduction are discussed. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: glycosylation, glycosyltransferases, glycan-binding proteins, endometrium, trophoblasts, maternal-fetal immunotolerance, siglec, selectin, galectin, repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Relevant reports published between 1980 and 2023 and studies related to these reports were retrieved and reviewed. Only publications written in English were included. OUTCOMES The application of ultrasensitive mass spectrometry tools and lectin-based glycan profiling has enabled characterization of glycans present at the maternal-fetal interface and in maternal serum. The endometrial luminal epithelium is covered with highly glycosylated mucin that regulates blastocyst adhesion during implantation. In the placenta, fucose and sialic acid residues are abundantly presented on the villous membrane and are essential for proper placentation and establishment of maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Glycan-binding receptors, including selectins, sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) and galectins, also modulate implantation, trophoblast functions and maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Aberrant glycosylation is associated with repeated implantation failure, early pregnancy loss and various pregnancy complications. The current limitation in the field is that most glycobiological research relies on association studies, with few studies revealing the specific functions of glycans. Technological advancements in analytic, synthetic and functional glycobiology have laid the groundwork for further exploration of glycans in reproductive biology under both physiological and pathological conditions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A deep understanding of the functions of glycan structures would provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in the physiological and pathological regulation of early pregnancy. Glycans may also potentially serve as novel early predictive markers and therapeutic targets for repeated implantation failure, pregnancy loss, and other pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Bueno-Sánchez JC, Gómez-Gutiérrez AM, Maldonado-Estrada JG, Quintana-Castillo JC. Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087845. [PMID: 37206444 PMCID: PMC10190602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem disorder characterized by altered trophoblast invasion, oxidative stress, exacerbation of systemic inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. The pathogenesis includes hypertension and mild-to-severe microangiopathy in the kidney, liver, placenta, and brain. The main mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis have been proposed to limit trophoblast invasion and increase the release of extracellular vesicles from the syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation, exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. The placenta expresses glycans as part of its development and maternal immune tolerance during gestation. The expression profile of glycans at the maternal-fetal interface may play a fundamental role in physiological pregnancy changes and disorders such as preeclampsia. It is unclear whether glycans and their lectin-like receptors are involved in the mechanisms of maternal-fetal recognition by immune cells during pregnancy homeostasis. The expression profile of glycans appears to be altered in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which could lead to alterations in the placental microenvironment and vascular endothelium in pregnancy conditions such as preeclampsia. Glycans with immunomodulatory properties at the maternal-fetal interface are altered in early-onset severe preeclampsia, implying that innate immune system components, such as NK cells, exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of glycans in gestational physiology and the perspective of glycobiology on the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares en Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVATREM), Chillan, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research & Development (OHVRI) Research Group, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Duca M, Malagolini N, Dall'Olio F. The story of the Sd a antigen and of its cognate enzyme B4GALNT2: What is new? Glycoconj J 2023; 40:123-133. [PMID: 36287346 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Gal- is the epitope of the Sda antigen, which is expressed on the erythrocytes and secretions of the vast majority of Caucasians, carried by N- and O-linked chains of glycoproteins, as well as by glycolipids. Sda is very similar, but not identical, to ganglioside GM2 [Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Galβ1,4Glc-Cer]. The Sda synthase β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4GALNT2) exists in a short and a long form, diverging in the aminoterminal domain. The latter has a very long cytoplasmic tail and displays a Golgi- as well as a post-Golgi localization. The biosynthesis of Sda is mutually exclusive with that of the cancer-associated sialyl Lewis antigens, whose structure is Siaα2,3Galβ1,3/4(Fucα1,4/3)GlcNAc-. B4GALNT2 is down-regulated in colon cancer but patients with higher expression survive longer. In experimental systems, B4GALNT2 inhibits colon cancer progression,not only through inhibition of sialyl Lewis antigen biosynthesis. By contrast, in breast cancer B4GALNT2 is associated with malignancy. In colon cancer, the B4GALNT2 gene is regulated by multiple mechanisms, which include miRNA and transcription factor expression, as well as CpG methylation. In addition, Sda/B4GALNT2 regulates the susceptibility to infectious agents, the protection from muscle dystrophy, the activity of immune system in pregnancy and the immune rejection in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Duca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Luddi A, Pavone V, Governini L, Capaldo A, Landi C, Ietta F, Paccagnini E, Morgante G, De Leo V, Piomboni P. Emerging role of embryo secretome in the paracrine communication at the implantation site: a proof of concept. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1054-1062. [PMID: 33500140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of embryo secretome in modifying the molecular profile of glycodelin A (GdA) in endometrial organoids (ORG) mimicking the implantation window. To verify whether the use of embryo-conditioned culture medium at the time of the embryo transfer may increase in vitro fertilization outcome. DESIGN Molecular study with human endometrial ORG and embryo-conditioned culture medium. Retrospective study using prospectively recorded data. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) For isolation and culture of endometrial glandular ORG, endometrial biopsy specimens from five white women of proven fertility undergoing laparoscopy for tubal sterilization. A total of 75 women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection for tubal and/or male infertility factor. INTERVENTIONS(S) In vitro fertilization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pinopodes presence in human endometrial ORG. Glycodelin A expression profile by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis. In vitro fertilization outcome. RESULT(S) This in vitro study demonstrated that the treatment of endometrial ORG with the secretome of medium conditioned by the growing embryo increased the GdA relative abundance and induced a different glycoform pattern. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy rate significantly increased when the spent medium was loaded during the transfer (17.5% vs. 36.6% and 16.5% vs. 35.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION(S) This study demonstrated that the secretome of implanting embryos is able to induce the expression as well as to determine the relative abundance and the glycosilation profile of endometrial GdA, a protein having a key role in the embryo-endometrial cross talk. Moreover, a significant increase in pregnancy rate was observed when the embryo transfer was performed by using the culture medium conditioned by the growing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pavone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Capaldo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Morgante
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Vijayan M, Lee CL, Wong VHH, Wang X, Bai K, Wu J, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Lee KF, Yeung WSB, Ng EHY, Chiu PCN. Decidual glycodelin-A polarizes human monocytes into a decidual macrophage-like phenotype through Siglec-7. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs244400. [PMID: 32513821 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidual macrophages constitute 20-30% of the total leukocytes in the uterus of pregnant women, regulating the maternal immune tolerance and placenta development. Abnormal number or activities of decidual macrophages (dMs) are associated with fetal loss and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia. Monocytes differentiate into dMs in a decidua-specific microenvironment. Despite their important roles in pregnancy, the exact factors that regulate the differentiation into dMs remain unclear. Glycodelin-A (PAEP, hereafter referred to as GdA) is a glycoprotein that is abundantly present in the decidua, and plays an important role in fetomaternal defense and placental development. It modulates the differentiation and activity of several immune cell types residing in the decidua. In this study, we demonstrated that GdA induces the differentiation of human monocytes into dM-like phenotypes in terms of transcriptome, cell surface marker expression, secretome, and regulation of trophoblast and endothelial cell functions. We found that Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 (Siglec-7) mediates the binding and biological actions of GdA in a sialic acid-dependent manner. We, therefore, suggest that GdA, induces the polarization of monocytes into dMs to regulate fetomaternal tolerance and placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Vijayan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vera H H Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Kungfeng Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wu
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Lee CL, Vijayan M, Wang X, Lam KKW, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Li RHW, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Chiu PCN. Glycodelin-A stimulates the conversion of human peripheral blood CD16-CD56bright NK cell to a decidual NK cell-like phenotype. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:689-701. [PMID: 30597092 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does glycodelin-A (GdA) induce conversion of human peripheral blood CD16-CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells to decidual NK (dNK) cells to facilitate placentation? SUMMARY ANSWER GdA binds to blood CD16-CD56bright NK cells via its sialylated glycans and converts them to a dNK-like cells, which in turn regulate endothelial cell angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) secretion, respectively. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY dNK cells are the most abundant leucocyte population in the decidua. These cells express CD16-CD56bright phenotype. Peripheral blood CD16-CD56bright NK cells and hematopoietic precursors have been suggested to be capable of differentiating towards dNK cells upon exposure to the decidual microenvironment. These cells regulate trophoblast invasion during spiral arteries remodelling and mediate homoeostasis and functions of the endothelial cells. GdA is an abundant glycoprotein in the human decidua with peak expression between the 6th and 12th week of gestation, suggesting a role in early pregnancy. Indeed, GdA interacts with and modulates functions and differentiation of trophoblast and immune cells in the human feto-maternal interface. Aberrant GdA expression during pregnancy is associated with unexplained infertility, pregnancy loss and pre-eclampsia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION CD16+CD56dim, CD16-CD56bright and dNK cells were isolated from human peripheral blood and decidua tissue, respectively, by immuno-magnetic beads or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Human extravillous trophoblasts were isolated from first trimester placental tissue after termination of pregnancy. Biological activities of the cells were studied after treatment with GdA at a physiological dose of 5 μg/mL. GdA was purified from human amniotic fluid by immuno-affinity chromatography. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Expression of VEGF, CD9, CD49a, CD151 and CD158a in the cells were determined by flow cytometry. Angiogenic proteins in the spent media of NK cells were determined by cytokine array and ELISA. Blocking antibodies were used to study the functions of the identified angiogenic proteins. Endothelial cell angiogenesis was determined by tube formation and trans-well migration assays. Cell invasion and migration were determined by trans-well invasion/migration assay. Binding of normal and de-sialylated GdA, and expression of L-selectin and siglec-7 on the NK cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The association between GdA and L-selectin on NK cells was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) activation was determined by Western blotting and functional assays. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE GdA treatment enhanced the expression of dNK cell markers CD9 and CD49a and the production of the functional dNK secretory product VEGF in the peripheral blood CD16-CD56bright NK cells. The spent media of GdA-treated CD16-CD56bright NK cells promoted tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and invasiveness of trophoblasts. These stimulatory effects were mediated by the stimulatory activities of GdA on an ERK-activation dependent production of VEGF and IGFBP-1 by the NK cells. GdA had a stronger binding affinity to the CD16-CD56bright NK cells as compared to the CD16+CD56dim NK cells. This GdA-NK cell interaction was reduced by de-sialylation. GdA interacted with L-selectin, expressed only in the CD16-CD56bright NK cells, but not in the CD16+CD56dim NK cells. Anti-L-selectin functional blocking antibody suppressed the binding and biological activities of GdA on the NK cells. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Some of the above findings are based on a small sample size of peripheral blood CD16-CD56bright NK cells. These results need to be confirmed with human primary dNK cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study on the biological role of GdA on conversion of CD16-CD56bright NK cells to dNK-like cells. Further investigation on the glycosylation and functions of GdA will enhance our understanding on human placentation and placenta-associated complications with altered NK cell biology. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council Grant 17122415, Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, the Finnish Cancer Foundation, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Madhavi Vijayan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin K W Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Seppala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raymond H W Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Blois SM, Verlohren S, Wu G, Clark G, Dell A, Haslam SM, Barrientos G. Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB). Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:469-486. [PMID: 32601855 PMCID: PMC7508936 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, AG GlycoImmunology, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Glycodelin is internalized by peripheral monocytes. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 138:103102. [PMID: 32120159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycodelin is produced by the endometrial cells during the luteal phase and first trimester of pregnancy and plays a role in the regulation of the endometrial immunology. However, the molecular connection between glycodelin and the maternal immune system is not clear. To better understand the possible physiological interaction between the endometrium and the maternal immune system, we investigated (1) whether glycodelin binds to mainly peripheral monocytes, and in case (2) whether the binding to the membrane only depends on the protein backbone or a carbohydrate structure is needed, and in case (3) whether glycodelin is internalized after binding to the membrane. We demonstrated that glycodelin - with or without the carbohydrate structure - was preferentially bound and internalized to peripheral monocytes. Surprisingly, we found signals in the nucleus of the monocytes indicating a potential regulating effect of glycodelin may be exerted through the nucleus. However, further studies should be performed to confirm this finding.
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10
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Altered glycosylation of glycodelin in endometrial carcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1014-1025. [PMID: 32205858 PMCID: PMC7312397 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is a major glycoprotein expressed in reproductive tissues, like secretory and decidualized endometrium. It has several reproduction related functions that are dependent on specific glycosylation, but it has also been found to drive differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells toward a less malignant phenotype. Here we aimed to elucidate whether the glycosylation and function of glycodelin is altered in endometrial carcinoma as compared with a normal endometrium. We carried out glycan structure analysis of glycodelin expressed in HEC-1B human endometrial carcinoma cells (HEC-1B Gd) by mass spectrometry glycomics strategies. Glycans of HEC-1B Gd were found to comprise a typical mixture of high-mannose, hybrid, and complex-type N-glycans, often containing undecorated LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) antennae. However, several differences, as compared with previously reported glycan structures of normal human decidualized endometrium-derived glycodelin isoform, glycodelin-A (GdA), were also found. These included a lower level of sialylation and more abundant poly-LacNAc antennae, some of which are fucosylated. This allowed us to select lectins that showed different binding to these classes of glycodelin. Despite the differences in glycosylation between HEC-1B Gd and GdA, both showed similar inhibitory activity on trophoblast cell invasion and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation. For the detection of cancer associated glycodelin, we established a novel in situ proximity-ligation based histochemical staining method using a specific glycodelin antibody and UEAI lectin. We found that the UEAI reactive glycodelin was abundant in endometrial carcinoma, but virtually absent in normal endometrial tissue even when glycodelin was strongly expressed. In conclusion, we established a histochemical staining method for the detection of endometrial carcinoma-associated glycodelin and showed that this specific glycodelin is exclusively expressed in cancer, not in normal endometrium. Similar methods can be used for studies of other glycoproteins.
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11
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Canis K, Anzengruber J, Garenaux E, Feichtinger M, Benamara K, Scheiflinger F, Savoy LA, Reipert BM, Malisauskas M. In-depth comparison of N-glycosylation of human plasma-derived factor VIII and different recombinant products: from structure to clinical implications. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:S1538-7836(22)02223-1. [PMID: 29888865 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Glycosylation heterogeneity of recombinant proteins affects pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. N-glycomics/glycoproteomics of plasma-derived Factor VIII and 6 recombinant FVIIIs were compared. Depending on cell line, significant differences to plasma-derived FVIII were observed. Recombinant FVIIIs expressed distinct and immunologically relevant epitopes. SUMMARY Background/Objective Human factor VIII (FVIII) is a plasma glycoprotein, defects of which result in hemophilia A. Current substitution therapy uses FVIII products purified from human plasma or from various cell lines (recombinant FVIII) with different levels of B-domain deletion. Glycosylation is a post-translational protein modification in FVIII that has a substantial influence on its physical, functional and antigenic properties. Variation in glycosylation is likely to be the reason that FVIII products differ in their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. However, the literature on FVIII glycosylation is inconsistent, preventing assembly into a coherent model. Seeking to better understand the glycosylation mechanisms underlying FVIII biology, we studied the N-glycosylation of human plasma-derived (pd)FVIII and six rFVIII products expressed in CHO, BHK or HEK cell lines. Methods FVIII samples were subjected to head-to-head detailed glycomic and glycoproteomic characterization using a combination of MALDI-MS and MS/MS, GC-MS and UPLC-UV-MSE technologies. Results/Conclusion The results of our study detail the N-glycan repertoire of pdFVIII to an unprecedented level, and for the first time, provide evidence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) found on pdFVIII. Although site-specific glycosylation of rFVIII proved consistent with pdFVIII regardless of the expression system, the entire N-glycan content of each sample appeared significantly different. Although the proportion of biologically important epitopes common to all samples (i.e. sialylation and high-mannose) varied between samples, some recombinant products expressed distinct and immunologically relevant epitopes, such as LacdiNAc (LDN), fucosylated LacdiNAc (FucLDN), NeuGc, LewisX/Y and Galα1,3 Gal epitopes. rFVIII expressed in HEK cells showed the greatest glycomic differences to human pdFVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Canis
- SGS M-Scan SA, Plan-le-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - E Garenaux
- SGS M-Scan SA, Plan-le-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - K Benamara
- Research & Development, Shire, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - L-A Savoy
- SGS M-Scan SA, Plan-le-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - B M Reipert
- Research & Development, Shire, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Dixit A, Balakrishnan B, Karande AA. Immunomodulatory activity of glycodelin: implications in allograft rejection. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 192:213-223. [PMID: 29271477 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is an immunomodulator, indispensable for the maintenance of pregnancy in humans. The glycoprotein induces apoptosis in activated CD4+ T cells, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and suppresses the activity of cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. This study explores the immunosuppressive property of glycodelin for its possible use in preventing graft rejection. Because glycodelin is found only in certain primates, the hypothesis was investigated in an allograft nude mouse model. It is demonstrated that treatment of alloactivated mononuclear cells with glycodelin thwarts graft rejection. Glycodelin decreases the number of activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells and down-regulates the expression of key proteins known to be involved in graft demise such as granzyme-B, eomesodermin (EOMES), interleukin (IL)-2 and proinflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6], resulting in a weakened cell-mediated immune response. Immunosuppressive drugs for treating allograft rejection are associated with severe side effects. Glycodelin, a natural immunomodulator in humans, would be an ideal alternative candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Cui J, Liu Y, Wang X. The Roles of Glycodelin in Cancer Development and Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29238349 PMCID: PMC5712544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is a kind of glycoprotein expressed in secretory endometrium, pregnancy deciduas, and amniotic fluid originally, which is vital for the maintenance of normal human reproductive activities. Recent researches have reported that glycodelin is specifically expressed in various malignancies, including female-specific cancers such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and non-gender specific cancers including lung cancer, and colon cancer, and glycodelin expression correlates with the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. This review focuses on the expression of glycodelin in different cancers and its role in cancer development and progression. Glycodelin possesses the abilities to regulate cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion, promote cancer angiogenesis, and modulate the differentiation and function of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells, monocyte-macrophages, natural killer cells and B cells participating in cancer development. The expression of glycodelin can be regulated by stromal cells, lysophosphatidic acid, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and relaxin. In summary, glycodelin is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients, and depending on its distinct immunoregulatory effects, glycodelin can be a prospective target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cui
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Jefferis R. Recombinant Proteins and Monoclonal Antibodies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 175:281-318. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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The human fetoembryonic defense system hypothesis: Twenty years on. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:71-88. [PMID: 27349751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Lee CL, Lam KKW, Vijayan M, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Chiu PCN. The Pleiotropic Effect of Glycodelin-A in Early Pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:290-7. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Kevin K. W. Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Madhavi Vijayan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku Seppala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Ernest H. Y. Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - William S. B. Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Philip C. N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
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Clark GF. Functional glycosylation in the human and mammalian uterus. FERTILITY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 1:17. [PMID: 28620522 PMCID: PMC5424290 DOI: 10.1186/s40738-015-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Glycosylation is the most common and structurally diverse of all the post-translational modifications of proteins. Lipids and extracellular matrices are also often glycosylated. The mammalian uterus is highly enriched in glycoconjugates that are associated with the apical surfaces of epithelial cells and the secretions released by both epithelial and stromal cells. These glycoconjugates interact primarily with sperm, the implanting embryo, the fetus, and any pathogen that happens to gain entry into the uterus. Secretions of the endometrial glands increase substantially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These secretions are highly enriched in glycoproteins and mucins that promote specific uterine functions. Findings Lectins and antibodies have been employed in the majority of the studies focused on uterine glycosylation have employed to define the expression of carbohydrate sequences. However, while these studies provide insight about potential glycosylation, precise information about glycan structure is lacking. Direct sequencing studies that employ biochemical or mass spectrometric methods are far more definitive, but have rarely been employed with uterine glycoproteins. Both lectin/antibody binding and direct carbohydrate sequencing studies that have been focused on the mammalian uterus are reviewed. The primary functional role of the eutherian uterus is to facilitate fertilization and nurture the developing embryo/fetus. Trophoblasts are the primary cells that mediate the binding of the embryo and placenta to the uterine lining. In mammals that utilize hemochorial placentation, they invade the decidua, the specialized endometrial lining that forms during pregnancy. Trophoblasts have also been analyzed for their lectin/antibody binding as a complement to the analysis of the uterine cells and tissues. They will also be reviewed here. Conclusions The functional roles of the glycans linked to uterine and trophoblast glycoconjugates remain enigmatic. Another major question in the human is whether defects in placental or uterine glycosylation play a role in the development the Great Obstetrical Syndromes. More recent findings indicate that changes in glycosylation occur in trophoblasts obtained from patients that develop preeclampsia and preterm birth. The functional significance of these changes remain to be defined. Whether such shifts happen during the development of other types of obstetrical syndromes remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Clark
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive HSC M658, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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18
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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19
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Zhou L, Qian Y, Zhang X, Ruan Y, Ren S, Gu J. Elucidation of differences in N-glycosylation between different molecular weight forms of recombinant CLEC-2 by LC MALDI tandem MS. Carbohydr Res 2015; 402:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Xue J, Laine RA, Matta KL. Enhancing MS(n) mass spectrometry strategy for carbohydrate analysis: A b2 ion spectral library. J Proteomics 2014; 112:224-49. [PMID: 25175058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Searchable mass spectral libraries for glycans may be enhanced using a B2 ion library. Using a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer, successive fragmentations of sodiated oligosaccharides were carried out in the positive ion mode. In B,Y-type fragmentation, disaccharide B2 ions are generated which correspond to specific glycosidic linkages using progressive MS stages. Fragmentation of "B2 ions" corresponding to glycosidic linkages such as Hex-Fuc, Hex-Hex, Hex-HexNAc, HexNAc-Hex and HexNAc-HexNAc, were systematically studied in low energy CID and collected to form a "B2 library". Linkages produce characteristic fragmentation patterns in the absence of cross-ring fragmentation. Patterns of "B2 ions" rely on relative stability of glycosidic bonds and carbohydrate-metal complexes in the gas phase. MS(n) studies of linear, branched trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides show that isomers for which B2 ion information is not available are rarely a problem in practice by their absence in an isomeric sequence or by their scarcity in nature. This MS strategy for linkage determination of carbohydrates aided by a "B2 library" was developed with a scope for expansion, providing an improved tool for glycomics. We validated this method examining levels of expressed activities of two glycosyl transferases in cancer cell lines: β3(B3GALNT2) and β4GalNAcT(B4GALNT3&4) that generate GalNAcβ3GlcNAcβ and GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycosylation is an important class of the "postranslationome", which includes manifold aspects of post-translational protein modification, affecting protein conformation, providing ligands for protein receptors [1-5], and encoding unique haptenic [6,7] or antigenic markers for oncology [8-11] and other applications. Identification of individual monomeric units, linkages, ring size, branching and anomerity has posed significant challenges to mass spectrometrists. MS(n) is a growing key instrumental method to differentiate among isomers [12]. While the potential isomers in oligosaccharides are impossibly large [12], likely possibilities can be limited by the biological system, including the expressed glycosyl transferases [13-20]. Mass spectra from sequential stages of collision activation (MS(n)) can supply structural details for precise characterization of linkage, monomer ID, substitutions, anomerity and branching [21-25]. There is a fundamental need for high throughput tools in glycomics to complement proteome studies. In that regard, nothing could be more important than searchable spectral library files for structural confirmation. The National Academy of Science (NAS) report (http://glyco.nas.edu) recommends the need of more than 10,000 synthetic structures of carbohydrates to advance the field of glycomics. This study demonstrates that the general reproducibility of ion trap spectra, and energy independence from modes of ionization and collisional activation, make compiling an MS(n) library for carbohydrate identification an achievable research target [26]. We intend to use the new B2 library for carbohydrate differences found on cancers, where we profile the glycosyltransferases to predict classes of potential structures, and use the library for MS identification of the expected cohort of altered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Roger A Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Khushi L Matta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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21
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Jia N, Barclay WS, Roberts K, Yen HL, Chan RWY, Lam AKY, Air G, Peiris JSM, Dell A, Nicholls JM, Haslam SM. Glycomic characterization of respiratory tract tissues of ferrets: implications for its use in influenza virus infection studies. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28489-504. [PMID: 25135641 PMCID: PMC4192499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial recognition between influenza virus and the host cell is mediated by interactions between the viral surface protein hemagglutinin and sialic acid-terminated glycoconjugates on the host cell surface. The sialic acid residues can be linked to the adjacent monosaccharide by α2–3- or α2–6-type glycosidic bonds. It is this linkage difference that primarily defines the species barrier of the influenza virus infection with α2–3 binding being associated with avian influenza viruses and α2–6 binding being associated with human strains. The ferret has been extensively used as an animal model to study the transmission of influenza. To better understand the validity of this model system, we undertook glycomic characterization of respiratory tissues of ferret, which allows a comparison of potential viral receptors to be made between humans and ferrets. To complement the structural analysis, lectin staining experiments were performed to characterize the regional distributions of glycans along the respiratory tract of ferrets. Finally, the binding between the glycans identified and the hemagglutinins of different strains of influenza viruses was assessed by glycan array experiments. Our data indicated that the respiratory tissues of ferret heterogeneously express both α2–3- and α2–6-linked sialic acids. However, the respiratory tissues of ferret also expressed the Sda epitope (NeuAcα2-3(GalNAcβ1–4)Galβ1–4GlcNAc) and sialylated N,N′-diacetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2–6GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc), which have not been observed in the human respiratory tract surface epithelium. The presence of the Sda epitope reduces potential binding sites for avian viruses and thus may have implications for the usefulness of the ferret in the study of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Roberts
- the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- the School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renee W Y Chan
- the School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred K Y Lam
- the Department of Pathology, Griffith University, 4111 Queensland, Australia
| | - Gillian Air
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126-0901, and
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- the School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Dell
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John M Nicholls
- the Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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22
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The Multiplicity ofN-Glycan Structures of Bovine Milk 18 kDa Lactophorin (Milk GlyCAM-1). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:447-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Clark GF. The role of glycans in immune evasion: the human fetoembryonic defence system hypothesis revisited. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:185-99. [PMID: 24043694 PMCID: PMC3925329 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that mechanisms to evade the human immune system may be shared by the conceptus, tumour cells, persistent pathogens and viruses. It is therefore timely to revisit the human fetoembryonic defense system (Hu-FEDS) hypothesis that was proposed in two papers in the 1990s. The initial paper suggested that glycoconjugates expressed in the human reproductive system inhibited immune responses directed against gametes and the developing human by employing their carbohydrate sequences as functional groups. These glycoconjugates were proposed to block specific binding interactions and interact with lectins linked to signal transduction pathways that modulated immune cell functions. The second article suggested that aggressive tumour cells and persistent pathogens (HIV, H. pylori, schistosomes) either mimicked or acquired the same carbohydrate functional groups employed in this system to evade immune responses. This subterfuge enabled these pathogens and tumour cells to couple their survival to the human reproductive imperative. The Hu-FEDS model has been repeatedly tested since its inception. Data relevant to this model have also been obtained in other studies. Herein, the Hu-FEDS hypothesis is revisited in the context of these more recent findings. Far more supportive evidence for this model now exists than when it was first proposed, and many of the original predictions have been validated. This type of subterfuge by pathogens and tumour cells likely applies to all sexually reproducing metazoans that must protect their gametes from immune responses. Intervention in these pathological states will likely remain problematic until this system of immune evasion is fully understood and appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F. Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research and Division of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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24
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Glister C, Hatzirodos N, Hummitzsch K, Knight PG, Rodgers RJ. The global effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and tumour necrosis factor α on gene expression in cultured bovine ovarian granulosa cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:72. [PMID: 24467805 PMCID: PMC3906957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oocytes mature in ovarian follicles surrounded by granulosa cells. During follicle growth, granulosa cells replicate and secrete hormones, particularly steroids close to ovulation. However, most follicles cease growing and undergo atresia or regression instead of ovulating. To investigate the effects of stimulatory (follicle-stimulating hormone; FSH) and inhibitory (tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) factors on the granulosa cell transcriptome, bovine ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and pools of granulosa cells were cultured in vitro for six days under defined serum-free conditions with treatments present on days 3-6. Initially dose-response experiments (n = 4) were performed to determine the optimal concentrations of FSH (0.33 ng/ml) and TNFα (10 ng/ml) to be used for the microarray experiments. For array experiments cells were cultured under control conditions, with FSH, with TNFα, or with FSH plus TNFα (n = 4 per group) and RNA was harvested for microarray analyses. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed primary clustering of the arrays into two groups, control/FSH and TNFα/TNFα plus FSH. The effect of TNFα on gene expression dominated that of FSH, with substantially more genes differentially regulated, and the pathways and genes regulated by TNFα being similar to those of FSH plus TNFα treatment. TNFα treatment reduced the endocrine activity of granulosa cells with reductions in expression of FST, INHA, INBA and AMH. The top-ranked canonical pathways and GO biological terms for the TNFα treatments included antigen presentation, inflammatory response and other pathways indicative of innate immune function and fibrosis. The two most significant networks also reflect this, containing molecules which are present in the canonical pathways of hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation and transforming growth factor β signalling, and these were up regulated. Upstream regulator analyses also predicted TNF, interferons γ and β1 and interleukin 1β. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, the transcriptome of granulosa cells responded minimally to FSH compared with the response to TNFα. The response to TNFα indicated an active process akin to tissue remodelling as would occur upon atresia. Additionally there was reduction in endocrine function and induction of an inflammatory response to TNFα that displays features similar to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Cocaine enhances HIV-1 infectivity in monocyte derived dendritic cells by suppressing microRNA-155. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83682. [PMID: 24391808 PMCID: PMC3877075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine and other drugs of abuse increase HIV-induced immunopathogenesis; and neurobiological mechanisms of cocaine addiction implicate a key role for microRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and defend against viruses. In fact, HIV defends against miRNAs by actively suppressing the expression of polycistronic miRNA cluster miRNA-17/92, which encodes miRNAs including miR-20a. IFN-g production by natural killer cells is regulated by miR-155 and this miRNA is also critical to dendritic cell (DC) maturation. However, the impact of cocaine on miR-155 expression and subsequent HIV replication is unknown. We examined the impact of cocaine on two miRNAs, miR-20a and miR-155, which are integral to HIV replication, and immune activation. Using miRNA isolation and analysis, RNA interference, quantitative real time PCR, and reporter assays we explored the effects of cocaine on miR-155 and miR-20 in the context of HIV infection. Here we demonstrate using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCCs) that cocaine significantly inhibited miR-155 and miR-20a expression in a dose dependent manner. Cocaine and HIV synergized to lower miR-155 and miR-20a in MDDCs by 90%. Cocaine treatment elevated LTR-mediated transcription and PU.1 levels in MDCCs. But in context of HIV infection, PU.1 was reduced in MDDCs regardless of cocaine presence. Cocaine increased DC-SIGN and and decreased CD83 expression in MDDC, respectively. Overall, we show that cocaine inhibited miR-155 and prevented maturation of MDDCs; potentially, resulting in increased susceptibility to HIV-1. Our findings could lead to the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies targeting HIV infected cocaine abusers.
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Takenouchi T, Katayama H, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y, Hojo H. A novel post-ligation thioesterification device enables peptide ligation in the N to C direction: synthetic study of human glycodelin. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:55-61. [PMID: 24357164 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human glycodelin consists of 162 amino acid residues and two N-linked glycans at Asn(28) and Asn(63) . In this study, we synthesized it by a fully convergent strategy using native chemical ligation (NCL) in N to C direction. The four peptide segments corresponding to 1-31, 32-65, 66-105 and 106-162 sequences were synthesized by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl based solid-phase peptide synthesis. At the C-terminus of the second segment, N-ethyl-S-acetamidomethyl-cysteine was attached as a post-ligation thioesterification device. The N-terminal two segments were condensed by the homocysteine-mediated NCL at Leu-Met site, and the product was methylated to convert homocysteine to methionine. After deprotection of acetamidomethyl group on the N-ethylcysteine residue, the peptide was thioesterified by N-alkylcysteine-assisted method. The product was then ligated with the C-terminal half, which was obtained by the NCL of third and fourth segments, to give the full-length glycodelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Takenouchi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Trinchera M, Harduin-Lepers A. The expanding roles of the Sd(a)/Cad carbohydrate antigen and its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:443-53. [PMID: 24112972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histo-blood group antigens are carbohydrate structures present in tissues and body fluids, which contribute to the definition of the individual immunophenotype. One of these, the Sd(a) antigen, is expressed on the surface of erythrocytes and in secretions of the vast majority of the Caucasians and other ethnic groups. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the multiple and unsuspected aspects of the biology of the Sd(a) antigen and its biosynthetic enzyme β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) in various physiological and pathological settings. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The immunodominant sugar of the Sd(a) antigen is a β1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2 displays a restricted pattern of tissue expression, is regulated by unknown mechanisms - including promoter methylation, and encodes at least two different proteins, one of which with an unconventionally long cytoplasmic portion. In different settings, the Sd(a) antigen plays multiple and unsuspected roles. 1) In colon cancer, its dramatic down-regulation plays a potential role in the overexpression of sialyl Lewis antigens, increasing metastasis formation. 2) It is involved in the lytic function of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 3) It prevents the development of muscular dystrophy in various dystrophic murine models, when overexpressed in muscular fibers. 4) It regulates the circulating half-life of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), determining the onset of a bleeding disorder in a murine model. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The expression of the Sd(a) antigen has a wide impact on the physiology and the pathology of different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Clark GF, Schust DJ. Manifestations of immune tolerance in the human female reproductive tract. Front Immunol 2013; 4:26. [PMID: 23407606 PMCID: PMC3570961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other mucosal surfaces (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract), the human female reproductive tract acts as an initial barrier to foreign antigens. In this role, the epithelial surface and subepithelial immune cells must balance protection against pathogenic insults against harmful inflammatory reactions and acceptance of particular foreign antigens. Two common examples of these acceptable foreign antigens are the fetal allograft and human semen/sperm. Both are purposely deposited into the female genital tract and appropriate immunologic response to these non-self antigens is essential to the survival of the species. In light of the weight of this task, it is not surprising that multiple, redundant and overlapping mechanisms are involved. For instance, cells at the immunologic interface between self (female reproductive tract epithelium) and non-self (placental trophoblast cells or human sperm) express glycosylation patterns that mimic those on many metastatic cancer cells and successful pathogens. The cytokine/chemokine milieu at this interface is altered through endocrine and immunologic mechanisms to favor tolerance of non-self. The “foreign” cells themselves also play an integral role in their own immunologic acceptance, since sperm and placental trophoblast cells are unusual and unique in their antigen presenting molecule expression patterns. Here, we will discuss these and other mechanisms that allow the human female reproductive tract to perform this delicate and indispensible balancing act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
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Ferens-Sieczkowska M, Kowalska B, Kratz EM. Seminal plasma glycoproteins in male infertility and prostate diseases: is there a chance for glyco-biomarkers? Biomarkers 2012; 18:10-22. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.719035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lee CL, Lam EYF, Lam KKW, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Chiu PCN. Glycodelin-A stimulates interleukin-6 secretion by human monocytes and macrophages through L-selectin and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36999-7009. [PMID: 22977256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.385336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent the second major type of decidual leukocytes at the fetomaternal interface. Changes in macrophage number and activity are associated with fetal loss and pregnancy complications. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is an abundant glycoprotein in the first-trimester decidua. It is involved in fetomaternal defense and early placental development through its regulatory activities in various immune cells. The N-glycosylation of GdA mediates the binding and therefore the activities of the molecule. In this study, we studied the biological activities of GdA in the functions of human monocytes/macrophages. GdA was purified from amniotic fluid by affinity chromatography. GdA treatment did not affect the viability, cell death, or phagocytic activity of the monocytes/macrophages. GdA, but not recombinant glycodelin without glycosylation, induced IL-6 production as demonstrated by cytokine array, intracellular staining, and ELISA. GdA also induced phosphorylation of ERK in monocytes/macrophages. The involvement of ERKs in IL-6 induction was confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that L-selectin on the monocytes/macrophages was the binding protein of GdA. Treatment with anti-L-selectin antibody reduced GdA binding and GdA-induced IL-6 production. GdA-treated macrophages suppressed IFN-γ expression by co-cultured T-helper cells in an IL-6-dependent manner. These results show that GdA interacts with L-selectin to induce IL-6 production in monocytes/macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway. In turn, the increased IL-6 production suppresses IFN-γ expression in T-helper cells, which may play an important role in inducing a Th-2-polarized cytokine environment that flavors the immunotolerance of the fetoplacental unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Priming mass spectrometry-based sulfoglycomic mapping for identification of terminal sulfated lacdiNAc glycotope. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:183-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Soni C, Karande AA. Glycodelin-A interferes with IL-2/IL-2R signalling to induce cell growth arrest, loss of effector functions and apoptosis in T-lymphocytes. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1005-15. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Patankar MS, Gubbels JAA, Felder M, Connor JP. The immunomodulating roles of glycoproteins in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4:631-50. [PMID: 22201900 DOI: 10.2741/405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the immune system demands an intricate defense mechanism by tumors. Ovarian and other tumors employ specific glycoproteins and the associated glycan sequences to modulate immune responses. Glycoproteins enable tumor cells that express or secrete these molecules to evade immune cell attack and induce the immune system to promote tumor growth. This review focuses first on the immune environment in ovarian cancer, and the mechanisms of activation and inhibition that immune cells undergo in order to either attack or ignore a target cell. Next we illustrate the immunomodulatory roles of ovarian cancer-associated glycans and glycoproteins in 1. preventing immune synapse formation, 2. serving as ligands of immune cell receptors, 3. scavenging cytokines and chemokines, and 4. participating in the formation of autoantibodies against the tumor. The importance of these immunomodulating strategies from the view points of understanding the tumor immunology of ovarian tumors, potential origin of such mechanisms, and specific strategies to circumvent the glycoconjugate-mediated suppression of immune responses is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792-6188, USA.
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Lam KKW, Chiu PCN, Lee CL, Pang RTK, Leung CON, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Ho PC, Yeung WSB. Glycodelin-A protein interacts with Siglec-6 protein to suppress trophoblast invasiveness by down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37118-27. [PMID: 21880722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.233841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During placentation, the cytotrophoblast differentiates into the villous cytotrophoblast and the extravillous cytotrophoblast. The latter invades the decidualized endometrium. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is abundantly synthesized by the decidua but not the trophoblast. Previous data indicate that GdA suppresses the invasion of trophoblast cell lines by down-regulating proteinase expression and activities. This study addresses the signaling pathway involved in the above phenomenon. GdA was found to suppress phosphorylation of ERKs and expression of their downstream effector c-Jun, a component of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). The involvement of ERKs and c-Jun in suppressing trophoblast invasion and biosynthesis of proteinases was confirmed by using siRNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors. Desialylation reduced binding affinity of GdA toward and invasion suppressive activities on the trophoblast. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that Siglec-6 on the trophoblast was the binding protein of GdA. The binding of GdA to Siglec-6 was sialic acid-dependent. Treatment with anti-Siglec-6 antibody abolished the invasion suppressive activities of GdA. These results show that GdA interacts with Siglec-6 to suppress trophoblast invasiveness by down-regulating the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K W Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Pang PC, Chiu PCN, Lee CL, Chang LY, Panico M, Morris HR, Haslam SM, Khoo KH, Clark GF, Yeung WSB, Dell A. Human sperm binding is mediated by the sialyl-Lewis(x) oligosaccharide on the zona pellucida. Science 2011; 333:1761-4. [PMID: 21852454 DOI: 10.1126/science.1207438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Human fertilization begins when spermatozoa bind to the extracellular matrix coating of the oocyte, known as the zona pellucida (ZP). One spermatozoan then penetrates this matrix and fuses with the egg cell, generating a zygote. Although carbohydrate sequences on the ZP have been implicated in sperm binding, the nature of the ligand was unknown. Here, ultrasensitive mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the sialyl-Lewis(x) sequence [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc], a well-known selectin ligand, is the most abundant terminal sequence on the N- and O-glycans of human ZP. Sperm-ZP binding was largely inhibited by glycoconjugates terminated with sialyl-Lewis(x) sequences or by antibodies directed against this sequence. Thus, the sialyl-Lewis(x) sequence represents the major carbohydrate ligand for human sperm-egg binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh-Choo Pang
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Lee CL, Lam KK, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Kurpisz M, Fernandez N, Pang RT, Yeung WS, Chiu PC. Glycodelin-A as a paracrine regulator in early pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 90:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Aihara Y, Fujiwara N, Yamazaki T, Kambe T, Nagao M, Hirose Y, Masuda S. Enhancing recombinant protein production in human cell lines with a constitutive transport element and mRNA export proteins. J Biotechnol 2011; 153:86-91. [PMID: 21473891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research into mRNA maturation processes in the nucleus has identified a number of proteins involved in mRNA transcription, capping, splicing, end processing and export. Among them, the Tap-p15 heterodimer acts as an mRNA export receptor. Tap-p15 is recruited onto fully processed mRNA in the nucleus, which is ready for export to the cytoplasm, through associating with Aly or SR proteins on mRNA, or by directly associating with a constitutive transport element (CTE), an RNA element derived from type D retroviruses. mRNA containing a CTE is exported to the cytoplasm by directly associating with Tap-p15, even in the absence of Tap-recruiting proteins such as Aly or SR proteins on the mRNA. Here, we showed that the use of a CTE enhanced the expression of recombinant protein in human cell lines. The co-expression of reporter proteins and Tap-p15 also enhanced recombinant protein expression. Moreover, the use of a CTE and Tap-p15 synergistically further enhanced the recombinant protein expression. In addition to Tap-p15, several Tap-p15-recruiting proteins, including Aly and SR proteins, enhanced recombinant protein expression, albeit independently of the CTE. The incorporation of a CTE and Tap-p15-recruiting proteins into protein expression system is useful to increase recombinant protein yield in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aihara
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Lee CL, Chiu PC, Pang PC, Chu IK, Lee KF, Koistinen R, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Morris HR, Tissot B, Panico M, Dell A, Yeung WS. Glycosylation failure extends to glycoproteins in gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from reduced α2-6 sialylation and impaired immunomodulatory activities of pregnancy-related glycodelin-A. Diabetes 2011; 60:909-17. [PMID: 21300843 PMCID: PMC3046852 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy. Patients with GDM are at risk for high fetal mortality and gestational complications associated with reduced immune tolerance and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is an abundant decidual glycoprotein with glycosylation-dependent immunomodulatory activities. We hypothesized that aberrant carbohydrate metabolism in GDM was associated with changes in glycosylation of GdA, leading to defective immunomodulatory activities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GdA in the amniotic fluid from women with normal (NGdA) and GDM (DGdA) pregnancies was purified by affinity chromatography. Structural analysis of protein glycosylation was preformed by lectin-binding assay and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity, cell death, cytokine secretion, and GdA binding of the GdA-treated lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were determined. The sialidase activity in the placental tissue from normal and GDM patients was measured. RESULTS GDM affected the glycosylation but not the protein core of GdA. Specifically, DGdA had a lower abundance of α2-6-sialylated and high-mannose glycans and a higher abundance of glycans with Sda (NeuAcα2-3[GalNAcβ1-4]Gal) epitopes compared with NGdA. DGdA had reduced immuosuppressive activities in terms of cytotoxicity on lymphocytes, inhibitory activities on interleukin (IL)-2 secretion by lymphocytes, stimulatory activities on IL-6 secretion by NK cells, and binding to these cells. Desialylation abolished the immunomodulation and binding of NGdA. Placental sialidase activity was increased in GDM patients, which may account for the reduced sialic acid content of DGdA. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study provides the first direct evidence for altered enzymatic glycosylation and impaired bioactivity of GdA in GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip C.N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author: Philip C.N. Chiu,
| | - Poh-Choo Pang
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Ivan K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Riitta Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Howard R. Morris
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Bérangère Tissot
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Maria Panico
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - William S.B. Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lee CL, Chiu PCN, Lam KKW, Siu SO, Chu IK, Koistinen R, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Lee KF, Yeung WSB. Differential actions of glycodelin-A on Th-1 and Th-2 cells: a paracrine mechanism that could produce the Th-2 dominant environment during pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:517-26. [PMID: 21227941 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal-fetal interface has a unique immunological response towards the implanting placenta. It is generally accepted that a T-helper type-2 (Th-2) cytokine prevailing environment is important in pregnancy. The proportion of Th-2 cells in the peripheral blood and decidua is significantly higher in pregnant women in the first trimester than in non-pregnant women. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is a major endocrine-regulated decidual glycoprotein thought to be related to fetomaternal defence. Yet the relationship between its immunoregulatory activities and the shift towards Th-2 cytokine profile during pregnancy is unclear. METHODS GdA was immunoaffinity purified from human amniotic fluid. T-helper, T-helper type-1 (Th-1) and Th-2 cells were isolated from the peripheral blood. The viability of these cells was studied by XTT assay. Immunophenotyping of CD4/CD294, cell death and GdA-binding were determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression, surface expression and secretion of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were measured. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38 and, c-Jun N-terminal kinase was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Although GdA bound to both Th-1 and Th-2 cells, it had differential actions on the two cell-types. GdA induced cell death of the Th-1 cells but not the Th-2 cells. The cell death was mediated through activation of caspase -3, -8 and -9 activities. GdA up-regulated the expression of Fas and inhibited ERK activation in the Th-1 cells, which might enhance the vulnerability of the cells to cell death caused by a trophoblast-derived FasL. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that GdA could be an endometrial factor that contributes to the Th-2/Th-1 shift during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Lee CL, Jiang P, Sit WH, Yang X, Wan JMF. Regulatory properties of polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor and its combined effect with ciclosporin on the homeostasis of human lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 62:1028-36. [PMID: 20663037 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.08.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymphocyte homoeostasis is essential in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In search of natural fungal metabolites with effects on lymphocyte homoeostasis, we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activity in controlling aberrant lymphocyte activation. This object of this study was to investigate its effect on lymphocyte homoeostasis. This was done by investigating the mechanistic actions of PSP in relation to ciclosporin by performing cell cycle and cell death analysis of human lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS We investigated the effect of PSP in the presence and absence of ciclosporin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, immunophenotype and cell cycle regulatory proteins in human lymphocytes. KEY FINDINGS The data showed that PSP exhibited homoeostatic activity by promoting and inhibiting the proliferation of resting and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, respectively. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a reduction of cyclin E expression with PSP treatment. Both PSP and ciclosporin blocked the reduction of the CD4/CD8 ratio in stimulated lymphocytes. PSP did not induce cell death in human lymphocytes, but the suppression of the Fasreceptor suggested a protective role of PSP against extrinsic cell death signals. These homoeostatic effects were more potent with combined PSP and ciclosporin treatment than with either fungal metabolite alone. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results reveal certain novel effects of PSP in lymphocyte homoeostasis and suggest potential as a specific immunomodulatory adjuvant for clinical applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR
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Lee CL, Chiu PC, Lam KK, Chan RW, Chu IK, Koistinen R, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Lee KF, Yeung WS. Glycodelin-A modulates cytokine production of peripheral blood natural killer cells. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:769-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lattová E, Tomanek B, Bartusik D, Perreault H. N-glycomic changes in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and T-lymphoblastoid cells after treatment with herceptin and herceptin/Lipoplex. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1533-40. [PMID: 20063903 DOI: 10.1021/pr9010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The humanized monoclonal antibody IgG1 in combination with chemotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance survival benefit in cancer treatment. Despite positive outcomes, some cancer cells develop multidrug resistance. Numerous mechanisms in cancers can be involved in the process of treatment therapy and most of them are not still well understood. To address how the carbohydrate moieties of cells are affected during treatment, the glycan profiles from the two most common cancer cell lines - human breast MCF-7 carcinoma and T-lymphoblastoid CEM cells - were studied here and compared with profiles after treatment with Herceptin alone or in combination with Lipofectamine mixed with plasmid DNA to form Lipoplex. N-Glycans were released from total cells by digestion with PNGaseF and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In summary, both original cell lines showed a dominant occurrence of high-mannose glycans. After treatment, these structures were suppressed and biantennary core-fucosylated glycans originating from IgG1 were the major carbohydrate products identified in cells. The high incidence of additional fucosylated or nonfucosylated galactosylated oligosaccharides, which were not detected in original cells or Herceptin, varied with conditions and time of exposure of cells to the antibody. The results presented in this study provide strong evidence for a role of glycosylation during antibody treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lattová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Expression systems for therapeutic glycoprotein production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Effects of glycodelins on functional competence of spermatozoa. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 83:26-30. [PMID: 19857900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycodelin is a glycoprotein with 4 known glycoforms, namely glycodelin-S, glycodelin-A, glycodelin-F and glycodelin-C. The glycoforms are present in the female reproductive tract which the spermatozoa must pass through before fertilizing the oocyte. Thus the spermatozoa interact with each of these glycoforms in succession. The glycoforms have different effects on sperm function. Glycodelin-S in the seminal plasma suppresses albumin-induced cholesterol efflux from the spermatozoa and thereby regulates the initiation of capacitation. Glycodelin-A in the oviductal fluid suppresses extracellular signal-regulated kinase making the spermatozoa more sensitive to zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. Follicular fluid glycodelin-F suppresses progesterone-induced acrosome reaction and prevents premature acrosome reaction. Glycodelin-A and glycodelin-F also inhibit spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding by interacting with sperm surface fucosyltransferase-5, which also binds to zona pellucida glycoproteins. The physiological implication of this phenomenon remains to be determined. The inhibitory activities of glycodelin-A and glycodelin-F on spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding is removed by glycodelin-C in the cumulus matrix. Glycodelin-C not only displaces sperm-bound glycodelin-A and glycodelin-F, it also enhances spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding. These different biological activities of the glycodelin isoforms are determined by glycosylation of the proteins. Deglycosylation abolishes the binding and therefore the action of the glycodelins on spermatozoa. Knowledge of the mechanism of actions of glycodelins may enable development of novel strategies for fertility regulation.
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North SJ, Hitchen PG, Haslam SM, Dell A. Mass spectrometry in the analysis of N-linked and O-linked glycans. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2009; 19:498-506. [PMID: 19577919 PMCID: PMC2965404 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) continues to play a vital role in defining the structures of N-glycans and O-glycans in glycoproteins via glycomic and glycoproteomic methodologies. The former seeks to define the total N-glycan and/or O-glycan repertoire in a biological sample whilst the latter is concerned with the analysis of glycopeptides. Recent technical developments have included improvements in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS and MS(n)) sequencing methodologies, more sensitive methods for analysing sulfated and polysialylated glycans and better procedures for defining the sites of O-glycosylation. New tools have been introduced to assist data handling and publicly accessible databases are being populated with glycomics data. Progress is exemplified by recent research in the fields of glycoimmunology, reproductive glycobiology, stem cells, bacterial glycosylation and non-mucin O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J North
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Lam KK, Chiu PC, Chung MK, Lee CL, Lee KF, Koistinen R, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Ho PC, Yeung WS. Glycodelin-A as a modulator of trophoblast invasion. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2093-103. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Tissot B, North SJ, Ceroni A, Pang PC, Panico M, Rosati F, Capone A, Haslam SM, Dell A, Morris HR. Glycoproteomics: past, present and future. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1728-35. [PMID: 19328791 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This invited paper reviews the study of protein glycosylation, commonly known as glycoproteomics, beginning with the origins of the subject area in the early 1970s shortly after mass spectrometry was first applied to protein sequencing. We go on to describe current analytical approaches to glycoproteomic analyses, with exemplar projects presented in the form of the complex story of human glycodelin and the characterisation of blood group H eptitopes on the O-glycans of gp273 from Unio elongatulus. Finally, we present an update on the latest progress in the field of automated and semi-automated interpretation and annotation of these data in the form of GlycoWorkBench, a powerful informatics tool that provides valuable assistance in unravelling the complexities of glycoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Tissot
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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