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Li Z, Huang F, Chen L, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying In Vitro Cultured Human Hepatocytes Markers with Machine Learning Methods Based on Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916309. [PMID: 35706505 PMCID: PMC9189284 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is an effective method for compensating for the loss of liver function and improve patient survival. However, given that hepatocytes cultivated in vitro have diverse developmental processes and physiological features, obtaining hepatocytes that can properly function in vivo is difficult. In the present study, we present an advanced computational analysis on single-cell transcriptional profiling to resolve the heterogeneity of the hepatocyte differentiation process in vitro and to mine biomarkers at different periods of differentiation. We obtained a batch of compressed and effective classification features with the Boruta method and ranked them using the Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy method. Some key genes were identified during the in vitro culture of hepatocytes, including CD147, which not only regulates terminally differentiated cells in the liver but also affects cell differentiation. PPIA, which encodes a CD147 ligand, also appeared in the identified gene list, and the combination of the two proteins mediated multiple biological pathways. Other genes, such as TMSB10, TMEM176B, and CD63, which are involved in the maturation and differentiation of hepatocytes and assist different hepatic cell types in performing their roles were also identified. Then, several classifiers were trained and evaluated to obtain optimal classifiers and optimal feature subsets, using three classification algorithms (random forest, k-nearest neighbor, and decision tree) and the incremental feature selection method. The best random forest classifier with a 0.940 Matthews correlation coefficient was constructed to distinguish different hepatic cell types. Finally, classification rules were created for quantitatively describing hepatic cell types. In summary, This study provided potential targets for cell transplantation associated liver disease treatment strategies by elucidating the process and mechanism of hepatocyte development at both qualitative and quantitative levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhanDong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - FeiMing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Huang, ; Yu-Dong Cai,
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Huang, ; Yu-Dong Cai,
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Wang Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Ye H, Luo W, Geng F. Quantitative proteomic analyses during formation of chicken egg yolk. Food Chem 2021; 374:131828. [PMID: 34915371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative comparison of the proteomes during different periods of the formation of egg yolk, from yellow follicles (YF), small hierarchical follicles (9-12 mm, SF), and the largest hierarchical follicle (LF), was performed. The abundance of major egg yolk proteins (apolipoprotein B and vitellogenins) changed significantly during the yolk formation, and several protein hydrolases and isomerases, which may be related to the processing of egg yolk proteins, also varied significantly. The binding proteins for three vitamins (retinol, riboflavin, and vitamin D) and cholesterol were all most abundant in the LF period, suggesting that these nutrients were transported mainly at the final period of the egg yolk formation. Immunoglobulins decreased and complement proteins increased as formation progressed, indicating the dynamic nature of the egg yolk immune system. These results are helpful for understanding the nutrient composition, the formation of assembly structure, the preservation and processing properties of egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yaoqiang Shi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 611830, China
| | - Haolong Ye
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Institute for Egg Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Dihazi GH, Eltoweissy M, Jahn O, Tampe B, Zeisberg M, Wülfrath HS, Müller GA, Dihazi H. The Secretome Analysis of Activated Human Renal Fibroblasts Revealed Beneficial Effect of the Modulation of the Secreted Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase A in Kidney Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071724. [PMID: 32708451 PMCID: PMC7407823 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretome is an important mediator in the permanent process of reciprocity between cells and their environment. Components of secretome are involved in a large number of physiological mechanisms including differentiation, migration, and extracellular matrix modulation. Alteration in secretome composition may therefore trigger cell transformation, inflammation, and diseases. In the kidney, aberrant protein secretion plays a central role in cell activation and transition and in promoting renal fibrosis onset and progression. Using comparative proteomic analyses, we investigated in the present study the impact of cell transition on renal fibroblast cells secretome. Human renal cell lines were stimulated with profibrotic hormones and cytokines, and alterations in secretome were investigated using proteomic approaches. We identified protein signatures specific for the fibrotic phenotype and investigated the impact of modeling secretome proteins on extra cellular matrix accumulation. The secretion of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPIA) was demonstrated to be associated with fibrosis phenotype. We showed that the in-vitro inhibition of PPIA with ciclosporin A (CsA) resulted in downregulation of PPIA and fibronectin (FN1) expression and significantly reduced their secretion. Knockdown studies of PPIA in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model significantly impaired the secretion and accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), suggesting a positive therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry H. Dihazi
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (G.H.D.); (H.S.W.)
| | - Marwa Eltoweissy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Björn Tampe
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Hauke S. Wülfrath
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (G.H.D.); (H.S.W.)
| | - Gerhard A. Müller
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (G.A.M.)
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-399-1221; Fax: +49-551-399-1039
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Müller WE, Schröder HC, Wang X. Inorganic Polyphosphates As Storage for and Generator of Metabolic Energy in the Extracellular Matrix. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12337-12374. [PMID: 31738523 PMCID: PMC6935868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) consist of linear chains of orthophosphate residues, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. They are evolutionarily old biopolymers that are present from bacteria to man. No other molecule concentrates as much (bio)chemically usable energy as polyP. However, the function and metabolism of this long-neglected polymer are scarcely known, especially in higher eukaryotes. In recent years, interest in polyP experienced a renaissance, beginning with the discovery of polyP as phosphate source in bone mineralization. Later, two discoveries placed polyP into the focus of regenerative medicine applications. First, polyP shows morphogenetic activity, i.e., induces cell differentiation via gene induction, and, second, acts as an energy storage and donor in the extracellular space. Studies on acidocalcisomes and mitochondria provided first insights into the enzymatic basis of eukaryotic polyP formation. In addition, a concerted action of alkaline phosphatase and adenylate kinase proved crucial for ADP/ATP generation from polyP. PolyP added extracellularly to mammalian cells resulted in a 3-fold increase of ATP. The importance and mechanism of this phosphotransfer reaction for energy-consuming processes in the extracellular matrix are discussed. This review aims to give a critical overview about the formation and function of this unique polymer that is capable of storing (bio)chemically useful energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E.G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator
Grant Research
Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator
Grant Research
Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator
Grant Research
Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Peptidyl prolyl cis/ trans isomerase activity on the cell surface correlates with extracellular matrix development. Commun Biol 2019; 2:58. [PMID: 30775459 PMCID: PMC6370856 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate cell fates. However, the complexity of dense ECM network and cell-surface molecules prevent the study of their dynamic interaction at the molecular level on living cells. Here, we focus on peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) to dissect prolyl isomerization from other dynamic events. We reveal the contribution of PPIase on the mechanical properties of various ECM materials and on the dynamic cell–ECM interaction. To avoid complications associated with the existing spectroscopy-based methods such as light scattering, an assay was developed for detecting PPIase activity on living cell surface. This assay allows us to correlate PPIase activity with ECM development, and with the physiological and pathological states of the cells, including the functional properties of cancer cells and immune effector cells. Weilin Lin et al. report a new assay for measuring the activity of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) at the cell surface using ultra performance liquid chromatography. They find that PPIase activity correlates with development and functional properties of the extracellular matrix in primary healthy and leukemic cells.
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A Functional Analysis of the Cyclophilin Repertoire in the Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma Cruzi. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040132. [PMID: 30384485 PMCID: PMC6315776 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. It affects eight million people worldwide and can be spread by several routes, such as vectorborne transmission in endemic areas and congenitally, and is also important in non-endemic regions such as the United States and Europe due to migration from Latin America. Cyclophilins (CyPs) are proteins with enzymatic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (PPIase), essential for protein folding in vivo. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has a high binding affinity for CyPs and inhibits their PPIase activity. CsA has proved to be a parasiticidal drug on some protozoa, including T. cruzi. In this review, we describe the T. cruzi cyclophilin gene family, that comprises 15 paralogues. Among the proteins isolated by CsA-affinity chromatography, we found orthologues of mammalian CyPs. TcCyP19, as the human CyPA, is secreted to the extracellular environment by all parasite stages and could be part of a complex interplay involving the parasite and the host cell. TcCyP22, an orthologue of mitochondrial CyPD, is involved in the regulation of parasite cell death. Our findings on T. cruzi cyclophilins will allow further characterization of these processes, leading to new insights into the biology, the evolution of metabolic pathways, and novel targets for anti-T. cruzi control.
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7
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Schumann M, Ihling CH, Prell E, Schierhorn A, Sinz A, Fischer G, Schiene-Fischer C, Malešević M. Identification of low abundance cyclophilins in human plasma. Proteomics 2016; 16:2815-2826. [PMID: 27586231 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cylophilins (Cyps) belong to the ubiquitously distributed enzyme class of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (EC5.2.1.8), which are foldases capable of accelerating slow steps in the refolding of denatured proteins. At least 20 different Cyp isoenzymes are broadly distributed among all organs and cellular compartments in humans. Extracellularly localized Cyps came into the scientific focus recently because of their involvement in the control of inflammatory diseases, as well as viral and bacterial infections. However, detailed insights into Cyp functions are often hampered by the lack of sensitive detection methods. We present an improved method for affinity purification and detection of Cyp in biotic samples in this manuscript. The procedure takes advantage of two novel cyclosporine A derivatives. Derivative 1 was used to capture Cyps from the sample while derivative 2 was applied for selective release from the affinity matrix. Using this approach, eight different Cyp (CypA, CypB, CypC, Cyp40 (PPID), CypE, CypD (PPIF), CypH, and CypL1) were unambiguously detected in healthy human blood plasma. Moreover, extracellular CypA was found to be partially modified by Nε acetylation on residues Lys44, Lys133, Lys155, as well as Nα acetylation at the N-terminal Val residue. Nα acetylation of Ser2 residue was also found for Cyp40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schumann
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry und Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christian H Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Erik Prell
- Branch Office Halle, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Halle, Germany
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry und Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Branch Office Halle, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Halle, Germany
| | - Cordelia Schiene-Fischer
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry und Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Miroslav Malešević
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry und Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Abstract
The H(+) concentration in human blood is kept within very narrow limits, ~40 nmol/L, despite the fact that dietary metabolism generates acid and base loads that are added to the systemic circulation throughout the life of mammals. One of the primary functions of the kidney is to maintain the constancy of systemic acid-base chemistry. The kidney has evolved the capacity to regulate blood acidity by performing three key functions: (i) reabsorb HCO3(-) that is filtered through the glomeruli to prevent its excretion in the urine; (ii) generate a sufficient quantity of new HCO3(-) to compensate for the loss of HCO3(-) resulting from dietary metabolic H(+) loads and loss of HCO3(-) in the urea cycle; and (iii) excrete HCO3(-) (or metabolizable organic anions) following a systemic base load. The ability of the kidney to perform these functions requires that various cell types throughout the nephron respond to changes in acid-base chemistry by modulating specific ion transport and/or metabolic processes in a coordinated fashion such that the urine and renal vein chemistry is altered appropriately. The purpose of the article is to provide the interested reader with a broad review of a field that began historically ~60 years ago with whole animal studies, and has evolved to where we are currently addressing questions related to kidney acid-base regulation at the single protein structure/function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Roy A, Al-bataineh MM, Pastor-Soler NM. Collecting duct intercalated cell function and regulation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:305-24. [PMID: 25632105 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08880914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intercalated cells are kidney tubule epithelial cells with important roles in the regulation of acid-base homeostasis. However, in recent years the understanding of the function of the intercalated cell has become greatly enhanced and has shaped a new model for how the distal segments of the kidney tubule integrate salt and water reabsorption, potassium homeostasis, and acid-base status. These cells appear in the late distal convoluted tubule or in the connecting segment, depending on the species. They are most abundant in the collecting duct, where they can be detected all the way from the cortex to the initial part of the inner medulla. Intercalated cells are interspersed among the more numerous segment-specific principal cells. There are three types of intercalated cells, each having distinct structures and expressing different ensembles of transport proteins that translate into very different functions in the processing of the urine. This review includes recent findings on how intercalated cells regulate their intracellular milieu and contribute to acid-base regulation and sodium, chloride, and potassium homeostasis, thus highlighting their potential role as targets for the treatment of hypertension. Their novel regulation by paracrine signals in the collecting duct is also discussed. Finally, this article addresses their role as part of the innate immune system of the kidney tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Roy
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | - Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A.R. and M.M.A. contributed equally to this work.
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Renal acid-base regulation: new insights from animal models. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1623-41. [PMID: 25515081 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because majority of biological processes are dependent on pH, maintaining systemic acid-base balance is critical. The kidney contributes to systemic acid-base regulation, by reabsorbing HCO3 (-) (both filtered by glomeruli and generated within a nephron) and acidifying urine. Abnormalities in those processes will eventually lead to a disruption in systemic acid-base balance and provoke metabolic acid-base disorders. Research over the past 30 years advanced our understanding on cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for those processes. In particular, a variety of transgenic animal models, where target genes are deleted either globally or conditionally, provided significant insights into how specific transporters are contributing to the renal acid-base regulation. Here, we broadly overview the mechanisms of renal ion transport participating to acid-base regulation, with emphasis on data obtained from transgenic mice models.
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The roles of CD147 and/or cyclophilin A in kidney diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:728673. [PMID: 25580061 PMCID: PMC4281390 DOI: 10.1155/2014/728673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147 is a widely expressed integral plasma membrane glycoprotein and has been involved in a variety of physiological and pathological activities in combination with different partners, including cyclophilins, caveolin-1, monocarboxylate transporters, and integrins. Recent data demonstrate that both CyPA and CD147 significantly contribute to renal inflammation, acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. Here we review the current understanding of cyclophilin A and CD147 expression and functions in kidney diseases and potential implications for treatment of kidney diseases.
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Murgiano L, D'Alessandro A, Zolla L, Valentini A, Pariset L. Comparison of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) proteins in milk samples of Chianina and Holstein cattle breeds across three lactation phases through 2D IEF SDS PAGE — A preliminary study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Vijayakumar S, Peng H, Schwartz GJ. Galectin-3 mediates oligomerization of secreted hensin using its carbohydrate-recognition domain. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F90-9. [PMID: 23657851 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00498.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A multidomain, multifunctional 230-kDa extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, hensin, regulates the adaptation of rabbit kidney to metabolic acidosis by remodeling collecting duct intercalated cells. Conditional deletion of hensin in intercalated cells of the mouse kidney leads to distal renal tubular acidosis and to a significant reduction in the number of cells expressing the basolateral chloride-bicarbonate exchanger kAE1, a characteristic marker of α-intercalated cells. Although hensin is secreted as a monomer, its polymerization and ECM assembly are essential for its role in the adaptation of the kidney to metabolic acidosis. Galectin-3, a unique lectin with specific affinity for β-galactoside glycoconjugates, directly interacts with hensin. Acidotic rabbits had a significant increase in the number of cells expressing galectin-3 in the collecting duct and exhibited colocalization of galectin-3 with hensin in the ECM of microdissected tubules. In this study, we confirmed the increased expression of galectin-3 in acidotic rabbit kidneys by real-time RT-PCR. Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin. Galectin-9, a lectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains, is also present in the rabbit kidney; galectin-9 partially oligomerized hensin in vitro. Our results demonstrate that galectin-3 plays a critical role in hensin ECM assembly by oligomerizing secreted monomeric hensin. Both the NH₂-terminal and COOH-terminal domains are required for this function. We suggest that in the case of galectin-3-null mice galectin-9 may partially substitute for the function of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarapandian Vijayakumar
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Nephrology), University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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Prell E, Kahlert V, Rücknagel KP, Malešević M, Fischer G. Fine tuning the inhibition profile of cyclosporine A by derivatization of the MeBmt residue. Chembiochem 2012; 14:63-5. [PMID: 23225707 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Unique respect: The biological properties of four CsA derivatives were fine-tuned by tractable modifications of the MeBmt residue. The new CsA derivatives share strong inhibitory activity toward cyclophilins (Cyps), but each is unique with respect to immunosuppressive action and cellular localization. These CsA analogues can be used to study the physiological roles of extracellular Cyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Prell
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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15
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Tien CL, Lin CH, Lin TH, Wen FC, Su CW, Fan SS, Hsieh M. Secreted cyclophilin A induction during embryo implantation in a model of human trophoblast–endometrial epithelium interaction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 164:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Bahmed K, Henry C, Holliday M, Redzic J, Ciobanu M, Zhang F, Weekes C, Sclafani R, Degregori J, Eisenmesser E. Extracellular cyclophilin-A stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a cell-dependent manner but broadly stimulates nuclear factor kappa B. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:19. [PMID: 22631225 PMCID: PMC3390265 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, cyclophilin-A (peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, PPIA), has been studied for decades in the context of its intracellular functions, its extracellular roles as a major contributor to both inflammation and multiple cancers have more recently emerged. A wide range of activities have been ascribed to extracellular PPIA that include induction of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, which potentially underlie its roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, there have been conflicting reports as to which particular signaling events are under extracellular PPIA regulation, which may be due to either cell-dependent responses and/or the use of commercial preparations recently shown to be highly impure. Methods We have produced and validated the purity of recombinant PPIA in order to subject it to a comparative analysis between different cell types. Specifically, we have used a combination of multiple methods such as luciferase reporter screens, translocation assays, phosphorylation assays, and nuclear magnetic resonance to compare extracellular PPIA activities in several different cell lines that included epithelial and monocytic cells. Results Our findings have revealed that extracellular PPIA activity is cell type-dependent and that PPIA signals via multiple cellular receptors beyond the single transmembrane receptor previously identified, Extracellular Matrix MetalloPRoteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN). Finally, while our studies provide important insight into the cell-specific responses, they also indicate that there are consistent responses such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling induced in all cell lines tested. Conclusions We conclude that although extracellular PPIA activates several common pathways, it also targets different receptors in different cell types, resulting in a complex, integrated signaling network that is cell type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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17
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Mapping cyclosporine-induced changes in protein secretion by renal cells using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). J Proteomics 2012; 75:3674-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Han H, Peng J, Hong Y, Fu Z, Xu J, Lin J, Tao J. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cyclophilin A homologue from Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:807-17. [PMID: 22526287 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins belong to a group of proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and have been identified in all cell types and all organisms studied. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have been characterized as functional chaperones and involved in cell signaling. In the present study, Sj cyclophilin A (CyPA) was cloned, characterized, and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector to produce soluble recombinant rSjCyPA protein. qPCR analysis revealed that SjCyPA was expressed at each schistosome developmental stage tested, but reached its highest levels at days 7 and 13. In addition, the gene was also found to be significantly downregulated in adult worms from Microtus fortis. The SjCyPA protein was located on the subtegumental musculature of Schistosoma japonicum as determined by immunohistochemical staining analysis. Direct administration of recombinant SjCyPA to mice induced partial protective efficacy against subsequent schistosome infection. Length and width of adult worms and expression of SjCyPA were significantly decreased in the immunized groups, at 42 days post-infection, indicating that immunization with recombinant SjCyPA may suppress the schistosomes development. rSjCyPA can also react with sera from S. japonicum-infected rabbits at different time points. The data presented here suggest that SjCyPA may be an important molecule in the schistosome life-cycle and may be useful as a therapeutic target to treat schistosomiasis infection or as a potential diagnostic antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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19
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Lorenson MY, Ueda EK, Chen KE, Walker AM. A major prolactin-binding complex on human milk fat globule membranes contains cyclophilins A and B: the complex is not the prolactin receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E585-94. [PMID: 22205628 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00480.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) in milk influences maturation of gastrointestinal epithelium and development of both the hypothalamo-pituitary and immune systems of offspring. Here, we demonstrate that most PRL in human milk is part of a novel, high-affinity, multicomponent binding complex found on the milk fat globule membrane and not in whey. To examine properties of the complex, a sensitive ELISA was developed such that human PRL (hPRL) binding to the complex was measured by loss of hPRL detectability; thus, as much as 50 ng of hPRL was undetectable in the presence of 10 μl of human milk. Using the same methodology, no comparable complex formation was observed with human serum or amniotic fluid. hPRL complexation in milk was rapid, time dependent, and cooperative. Antibodies to or competitors of the hPRL receptor (placental lactogen and growth hormone) showed the hPRL receptor was not involved in the complex. However, hPRL complexation was antagonized by cyclosporine A and anti-cyclophilins. The complex was very stable, resisting dissociation in SDS, urea, and dithiothreitol. Western analysis revealed an ∼75-kDa complex that included hPRL, cyclophilins A and B, and a 16-kDa cyclophilin A. Compared with noncomplexed hPRL, complexed hPRL in whole milk showed similar activation of STAT5 but markedly delayed activation of ERK. Alteration of signaling suggests that complex formation may alter hPRL biological activity. This is the first report of a unique, multicomponent, high-capacity milk fat reservoir of hPRL; all other analyses of milk PRL have utilized defatted milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y Lorenson
- Div. of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The intercalated cell of collecting ducts of the kidney is of two forms, the α form secretes acid, whereas the β form secretes HCO(3). Here, we review recent work that shows that the α form is derived from the β form and that the pathway is mediated by an extracellular matrix protein called hensin/DMBT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Al-Awqati
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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21
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Prolyl cis/trans isomerase signalling pathways in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Al-Awqati Q. Terminal differentiation in epithelia: the role of integrins in hensin polymerization. Annu Rev Physiol 2011; 73:401-12. [PMID: 20936943 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia, the most abundant cell type, differentiate to protoepithelia from stem cells by developing apical and basolateral membrane domains and form sheets of cells connected by junctions. Following this differentiation step, the cells undergo a second step (terminal differentiation), during which they acquire a mature phenotype, which unlike the protoepithelial one is tissue and organ specific. An extracellular matrix (ECM) protein termed hensin (DMBT1) mediates this differentiation step in the kidney intercalated cells. Although hensin is secreted as a soluble monomer, it requires polymerization and deposition in the ECM to become active. The polymerization step is mediated by the activation of inside-out signaling by integrins and by the secretion of two proteins: cypA (a cis-trans prolyl isomerase) and galectin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Al-Awqati
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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23
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Monné M, Jovine L. A structural view of egg coat architecture and function in fertilization. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:661-9. [PMID: 21715714 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-restricted interaction between gametes at the beginning of fertilization is mediated by the extracellular coat of the egg, a matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments called the zona pellucida (ZP) in mammals and the vitelline envelope in nonmammals. All egg coat subunits contain a conserved protein-protein interaction module-the "ZP domain"-that allows them to polymerize upon dissociation of a C-terminal propeptide containing an external hydrophobic patch (EHP). Recently, the first crystal structures of a ZP domain protein, sperm receptor ZP subunit zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3), have been reported, giving a glimpse of the structural organization of the ZP at the atomic level and the molecular basis of gamete recognition in vertebrates. The ZP module is divided in two related immunoglobulin-like domains, ZP-N and ZP-C, that contain characteristic disulfide bond patterns and, in the case of ZP-C, also incorporate the EHP. This segment lies at the interface between the two domains, which are connected by a long loop carrying a conserved O-glycan important for binding to sperm in vitro. The structures explain several apparently contradictory observations by reconciling the variable disulfide bond patterns found in different homologues of ZP3 as well as the multiple ZP3 determinants alternatively involved in gamete interaction. These findings have implications for our understanding of ZP subunit biogenesis; egg coat assembly, architecture, and interaction with sperm; structural rearrangements leading to postfertilization hardening of the ZP and the block to sperm binding; and the evolutionary origin of egg coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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24
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Hertig A, Flier SN, Kalluri R. Contribution of epithelial plasticity to renal transplantation-associated fibrosis. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:S7-12. [PMID: 21095454 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Every year in the United States, 5000 renal transplant recipients start or restart dialysis because of the unusual propensity of these allografts to develop interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA). Although IF/TA often follows one or more identifiable events, our capacity to specifically treat, prevent, or even detect IF/TA at an early stage is poor. These limitations are largely related to our lack of adequate tools to assess graft failure over time. Data accumulated over the past 5 years have demonstrated that tubular epithelial cells may react to certain fibrogenic stimuli to engage in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we highlight the current view of EMT with a focus on both its role in the context of renal transplantation and the potential for utilizing markers of EMT to identify patients undergoing early IF/TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hertig
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of cyclophilin A from Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:345-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Deletion of hensin/DMBT1 blocks conversion of beta- to alpha-intercalated cells and induces distal renal tubular acidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21872-7. [PMID: 21098262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010364107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-base transport in the renal collecting tubule is mediated by two canonical cell types: the β-intercalated cell secretes HCO(3) by an apical Cl:HCO(3) named pendrin and a basolateral vacuolar (V)-ATPase. Acid secretion is mediated by the α-intercalated cell, which has an apical V-ATPase and a basolateral Cl:HCO(3) exchanger (kAE1). We previously suggested that the β-cell converts to the α-cell in response to acid feeding, a process that depended on the secretion and deposition of an extracellular matrix protein termed hensin (DMBT1). Here, we show that deletion of hensin from intercalated cells results in the absence of typical α-intercalated cells and the consequent development of complete distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Essentially all of the intercalated cells in the cortex of the mutant mice are canonical β-type cells, with apical pendrin and basolateral or diffuse/bipolar V-ATPase. In the medulla, however, a previously undescribed cell type has been uncovered, which resembles the cortical β-intercalated cell in ultrastructure, but does not express pendrin. Polymerization and deposition of hensin (in response to acidosis) requires the activation of β1 integrin, and deletion of this gene from the intercalated cell caused a phenotype that was identical to the deletion of hensin itself, supporting its critical role in hensin function. Because previous studies suggested that the conversion of β- to α-intercalated cells is a manifestation of terminal differentiation, the present results demonstrate that this differentiation proceeds from HCO(3) secreting to acid secreting phenotypes, a process that requires deposition of hensin in the ECM.
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27
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Galat A, Bua J. Molecular aspects of cyclophilins mediating therapeutic actions of their ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3467-88. [PMID: 20602248 PMCID: PMC11115621 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive cyclic peptide that binds with a high affinity to 18 kDa human cyclophilin-A (hCyPA). CsA and its several natural derivatives have some pharmacological potential in treatment of diverse immune disorders. More than 20 paralogues of CyPA are expressed in the human body while expression levels and functions of numerous ORFs encoding cyclophilin-like sequences remain unknown. Certain derivatives of CsA devoid of immunosuppressive activity may have some potential in treatments of Alzheimer diseases, Hepatitis C and HIV infections, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, congenital muscular dystrophy, asthma and various parasitic infections. Here, we discuss structural and functional aspects of the human cyclophilins and their interaction with various intra-cellular targets that can be under the control of CsA or its complexes with diverse cyclophilins that are selectively expressed in different cellular compartments. Some molecular aspects of the cyclophilins expressed in parasites invading humans and causing diseases were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galat
- SIMOPRO, Institute de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, DSV/CEA, Bat. 152, CE-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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28
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From A to Z: apical structures and zona pellucida-domain proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:524-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Adaptation to metabolic acidosis and its recovery are associated with changes in anion exchanger distribution and expression in the cortical collecting duct. Kidney Int 2010; 78:993-1005. [PMID: 20592712 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that acid/base disturbances modulate proton/bicarbonate transport in the cortical collecting duct. To study the adaptation further we measured the effect of three days of acidosis followed by the rapid recovery from this acidosis on the number and type of intercalated cells in the rabbit cortical collecting duct. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression of apical pendrin in β-intercalated cells and the basolateral anion exchanger (AE1) in α-intercalated cells. Acidosis resulted in decreased bicarbonate and increased proton secretion, which correlated with reduced pendrin expression and the number of pendrin-positive cells, as well as decreased pendrin mRNA and protein abundance in this nephron segment. There was a concomitant increase of basolateral AE1 and α-cell number. Intercalated cell proliferation did not seem to play a role in the adaptation to acidosis. Alkali loading for 6-20 h after acidosis doubled the bicarbonate secretory flux and reduced proton secretion. Pendrin and AE1 expression patterns returned to control levels, demonstrating that adaptive changes by intercalated cells are rapidly reversible. Thus, regulation of intercalated cell anion exchanger expression and distribution plays a key role in adaptation of the cortical collecting duct to perturbations of acid/base.
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30
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Malesević M, Kühling J, Erdmann F, Balsley MA, Bukrinsky MI, Constant SL, Fischer G. A cyclosporin derivative discriminates between extracellular and intracellular cyclophilins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:213-5. [PMID: 19957254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Malesević
- Max-Planck-Forschungsstelle für Enzymologie der Proteinfaltung, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
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31
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Malešević M, Kühling J, Erdmann F, Balsley M, Bukrinsky M, Constant S, Fischer G. Differenzielle Hemmung extra- und intrazellulärer Cyclophiline durch Cyclosporinderivate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Proteomic characterization of the released/secreted proteins of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. J Proteomics 2009; 73:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Bourgeois S, Mohebbi N. Regulated acid–base transport in the collecting duct. Pflugers Arch 2009; 458:137-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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