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Li W, Tang X, Zheng Y, Xu X, Zhao N, Tsao BP, Feng X, Sun L. Phosphatidic Acid Promoting the Generation of Interleukin-17A Producing Double-Negative T Cells by Enhancing mTORC1 Signaling in Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1096-1108. [PMID: 38433594 DOI: 10.1002/art.42840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to investigate the role and intracellular regulatory mechanisms of double-negative T (DNT) cells in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS DNT cells were assessed in murine models, patients with SLE, and controls using flow cytometry (FCM). DNT cells from either resiquimod (R848) or vehicle-treated C57BL/6 (B6) mice were cultured with B cells from R848-treated mice to explore functions. Differential mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway signaling in DNT cells measured using FCM and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was validated by rapamycin inhibition. Candidate lipid metabolites detected using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry were functionally assessed in DNT cell cultures. RESULTS DNT cells were markedly increased in both spontaneous and induced mouse lupus models and in patients with SLE. Expanded DNT cells from R848-treated B6 mice produced elevated interleukin (IL)-17A and IgG with increased germinal center B (GCB) cells. Expansion of DNT cells associated with activation of mTORC1 pathway that both IL-17A levels and the number of DNT cells exhibited dose-dependent reduction with rapamycin treatment. Lipidomics studies revealed differential patterns of lipid metabolites in T cells of R848-treated mice. Among candidate metabolites, elevated phosphatidic acid (PA) that was partially controlled by phospholipase D2 increased the expression of the mTORC1 downstream target p-S6 and positively expanded IL-17A-producing DNT cells. Similarly, elevated proportions of circulating DNT cells in patients with SLE correlated with disease activity and proteinuria, and IL-17A secretion was elevated after in vitro PA stimulation. CONCLUSION The accumulation of PA in T cells could activate the mTORC1 pathway, promoting DNT cell expansion and IL-17A secretion, resulting in GCB cell abnormalities in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lim SH, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim K, Choi J, Han JM, Min DS. PLD1 is a key player in cancer stemness and chemoresistance: Therapeutic targeting of cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1479-1487. [PMID: 38945955 PMCID: PMC11297275 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of several types of cancers in clinical settings. Stemness and chemoresistance are the chief causes of poor clinical outcomes. In this context, we hypothesized that understanding the signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance in cancers is crucial for the development of novel targeted therapies to overcome drug resistance. Among the aberrantly activated pathways, the PI3K-Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is clinically implicated in malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Aberrant dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in several malignancies, and oncogenic activation of this pathway facilitates tumor proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. Crosstalk involving the PLD and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promotes the progression of CRC and GBM and reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to standard therapies. Notably, both pathways are tightly regulated and connected at multiple levels by upstream and downstream effectors. Thus, gaining deeper insights into the interactions between these pathways would help researchers discover unique therapeutic targets for the management of drug-resistant cancers. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which PLD signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in CRC and GBM. Thus, the current review aims to address the importance of PLD as a central player coordinating cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and proposes the possibility of targeting these pathways to improve cancer therapy and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hun Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Cohen-Or M, Chapnik N, Froy O. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) leads to phospholipase D2 (PLD2) activation and alters circadian rhythms in myotubes. Food Funct 2024; 15:4389-4398. [PMID: 38563085 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a breakdown product of leucine, which promotes muscle growth. Although some studies indicate that HMB activates AKT and mTOR, others show activation of the downstream effectors, P70S6K and S6, independent of mTOR. Our aim was to study the metabolic effect of HMB around the circadian clock in order to determine more accurately the signaling pathway involved. C2C12 myotubes were treated with HMB and clock, metabolic and myogenic markers were measured around the clock. HMB-treated C2C12 myotubes showed no activation of AKT and mTOR, but did show activation of P70S6K and S6. Activation of P70S6K and S6 was also found when myotubes were treated with HMB combined with metformin, an indirect mTOR inhibitor, or rapamycin, a direct mTOR inhibitor. The activation of the P70S6K and S6 independent of AKT and mTOR, was accompanied by increased activation of phospholipase D2 (PLD). In addition, HMB led to high amplitude and advanced circadian rhythms. In conclusion, HMB induces myogenesis in C2C12 by activating P70S6K and S6 via PLD2, rather than AKT and mTOR, leading to high amplitude advanced rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Cohen-Or
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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4
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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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5
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Lum GR, Ha SM, Olson CA, Blencowe M, Paramo J, Reyes B, Matsumoto JH, Yang X, Hsiao EY. Ketogenic diet therapy for pediatric epilepsy is associated with alterations in the human gut microbiome that confer seizure resistance in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113521. [PMID: 38070135 PMCID: PMC10769314 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome modulates seizure susceptibility and the anti-seizure effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) in animal models, but whether these relationships translate to KD therapies for human epilepsy is unclear. We find that the clinical KD alters gut microbial function in children with refractory epilepsy. Colonizing mice with KD-associated microbes promotes seizure resistance relative to matched pre-treatment controls. Select metagenomic and metabolomic features, including those related to anaplerosis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, are seen with human KD therapy and preserved upon microbiome transfer to mice. Mice colonized with KD-associated gut microbes exhibit altered hippocampal transcriptomes, including pathways related to ATP synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, and are linked to susceptibility genes identified in human epilepsy. Our findings reveal key microbial functions that are altered by KD therapies for pediatric epilepsy and linked to microbiome-induced alterations in brain gene expression and seizure protection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Lum
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sung Min Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine A Olson
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beck Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joyce H Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Lv W, Sha Y, Liu X, He Y, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Guo X, Shao P, Zhao F, Li M. Interaction between Rumen Epithelial miRNAs-Microbiota-Metabolites in Response to Cold-Season Nutritional Stress in Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14489. [PMID: 37833936 PMCID: PMC10572940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep are already well adapted to cold season nutrient stress on the Tibetan Plateau. Rumen, an important nutrient for metabolism and as an absorption organ in ruminants, plays a vital role in the cold stress adaptations of Tibetan sheep. Ruminal microbiota also plays an indispensable role in rumen function. In this study, combined multiomics data were utilized to comprehensively analyze the interaction mechanism between rumen epithelial miRNAs and microbiota and their metabolites in Tibetan sheep under nutrient stress in the cold season. A total of 949 miRNAs were identified in the rumen epithelium of both cold and warm seasons. A total of 62 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were screened using FC > 1.5 and p value < 0.01, and a total of 20,206 targeted genes were predicted by DE miRNAs. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DE miRNA-targeted genes were mainly enriched in axon guidance(ko04360), tight junction(ko04530), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels(ko04750) and metabolism-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that rumen microbiota, rumen VFAs and DE miRNAs were all correlated. Further study revealed that the targeted genes of cold and warm season rumen epithelial DE miRNAs were coenriched with differential metabolites of microbiota in glycerophospholipid metabolism (ko00564), apoptosis (ko04210), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (ko04750), small cell lung cancer (ko05222), and choline metabolism in cancer (ko05231) pathways. There are several interactions between Tibetan sheep rumen epithelial miRNAs, rumen microbiota, and microbial metabolites, mainly through maintaining rumen epithelial barrier function and host homeostasis of choline and cholesterol, improving host immunity, and promoting energy metabolism pathways, thus enabling Tibetan sheep to effectively respond to cold season nutrient stress. The results also suggest that rumen microbiota have coevolved with their hosts to improve the adaptive capacity of Tibetan sheep to cold season nutrient stress, providing a new perspective for the study of cold season nutritional stress adaptation in Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Pengyang Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingna Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (P.S.); (F.Z.); (M.L.)
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Kim J, Chun Y, Ramirez CB, Hoffner LA, Jung S, Jang KH, Rubtsova VI, Jang C, Lee G. MAPK13 stabilization via m 6A mRNA modification limits anticancer efficacy of rapamycin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105175. [PMID: 37599001 PMCID: PMC10511813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification that controls gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Accordingly, m6A-dependent regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors contributes to tumor development. However, the role of m6A-mediated gene regulation upon drug treatment or resistance is poorly understood. Here, we report that m6A modification of mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) mRNA determines the sensitivity of cancer cells to the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-targeting agent rapamycin. mTORC1 induces m6A modification of MAPK13 mRNA at its 3' untranslated region through the methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-METTL14-Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein(WTAP) methyltransferase complex, facilitating its mRNA degradation via an m6A reader protein YTH domain family protein 2. Rapamycin blunts this process and stabilizes MAPK13. On the other hand, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MAPK13 enhances rapamycin's anticancer effects, which suggests that MAPK13 confers a progrowth signal upon rapamycin treatment, thereby limiting rapamycin efficacy. Together, our data indicate that rapamycin-mediated MAPK13 mRNA stabilization underlies drug resistance, and it should be considered as a promising therapeutic target to sensitize cancer cells to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yujin Chun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cuauhtemoc B Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lauren A Hoffner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ki-Hong Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Varvara I Rubtsova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gina Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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8
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Abou Daher A, Alkhansa S, Azar WS, Rafeh R, Ghadieh HE, Eid AA. Translational Aspects of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complexes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:802-819. [PMID: 34544257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite the many efforts put into understanding diabetic nephropathy (DN), direct treatments for DN have yet to be discovered. Understanding the mechanisms behind DN is an essential step in the development of novel therapeutic regimens. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as an important candidate in the quest for drug discovery because of its role in regulating growth, proliferation, as well as protein and lipid metabolism. Recent Advances: Kidney cells have been found to rely on basal autophagy for survival and for conserving kidney integrity. Recent studies have shown that diabetes induces renal autophagy deregulation, leading to kidney injury. Hyper-activation of the mTOR pathway and oxidative stress have been suggested to play a role in diabetes-induced autophagy imbalance. Critical Issues: A detailed understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in diabetes-associated complications is of major importance in the search for a cure. In this review, we provide evidence that mTOR is heavily implicated in diabetes-induced kidney injury. We suggest possible mechanisms through which mTOR exerts its negative effects by increasing insulin resistance, upregulating oxidative stress, and inhibiting autophagy. Future Directions: Both increased oxidative stress and autophagy deregulation are deeply embedded in DN. However, the mechanisms controlling oxidative stress and autophagy are not well understood. Although Akt/mTOR signaling seems to play an important role in oxidative stress and autophagy, further investigation is required to uncover the details of this signaling pathway. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 802-819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - William S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Lazcano P, Schmidtke MW, Onu C, Greenberg ML. Phosphatidic acid inhibits inositol synthesis by inducing nuclear translocation of kinase IP6K1 and repression of myo-inositol-3-P synthase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102363. [PMID: 35963434 PMCID: PMC9478396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol is an essential metabolite that serves as a precursor for structural and signaling molecules. Although perturbation of inositol homeostasis has been implicated in numerous human disorders, surprisingly little is known about how inositol levels are regulated in mammalian cells. A recent study in mouse embryonic fibroblasts demonstrated that nuclear translocation of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) mediates repression of myo-inositol-3-P synthase (MIPS), the rate-limiting inositol biosynthetic enzyme. Binding of IP6K1 to phosphatidic acid (PA) is required for this repression. Here, we elucidate the role of PA in IP6K1 repression. Our results indicate that increasing PA levels through pharmacological stimulation of phospholipase D (PLD) or direct supplementation of 18:1 PA induces nuclear translocation of IP6K1 and represses expression of the MIPS protein. We found that this effect was specific to PA synthesized in the plasma membrane, as endoplasmic reticulum–derived PA did not induce IP6K1 translocation. Furthermore, we determined that PLD-mediated PA synthesis can be stimulated by the master metabolic regulator 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We show that activation of AMPK by glucose deprivation or by treatment with the mood-stabilizing drugs valproate or lithium recapitulated IP6K1 nuclear translocation and decreased MIPS expression. This study demonstrates for the first time that modulation of PA levels through the AMPK-PLD pathway regulates IP6K1-mediated repression of MIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chisom Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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10
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Güldür T. Potential linkages between circadian rhythm and membrane lipids: timekeeper and bilayer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2096756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Güldür
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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11
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Urbanczyk S, Baris OR, Hofmann J, Taudte RV, Guegen N, Golombek F, Castiglione K, Meng X, Bozec A, Thomas J, Weckwerth L, Mougiakakos D, Schulz SR, Schuh W, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Steinmetz TD, Brodesser S, Wiesner RJ, Mielenz D. Mitochondrial respiration in B lymphocytes is essential for humoral immunity by controlling the flux of the TCA cycle. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110912. [PMID: 35675769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) during B cell differentiation, we employ CD23Cre-driven expression of the dominant-negative K320E mutant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (DNT). DNT-expression depletes mitochondrial DNA during B cell maturation, reduces the abundance of respiratory chain protein subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA, and, consequently, respiratory chain super-complexes in activated B cells. Whereas B cell development in DNT mice is normal, B cell proliferation, germinal centers, class switch to IgG, plasma cell maturation, and T cell-dependent as well as T cell-independent humoral immunity are diminished. DNT expression dampens OxPhos but increases glycolysis in lipopolysaccharide and B cell receptor-activated cells. Lipopolysaccharide-activated DNT-B cells exhibit altered metabolites of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a lower amount of phosphatidic acid. Consequently, mTORC1 activity and BLIMP1 induction are curtailed, whereas HIF1α is stabilized. Hence, mitochondrial DNA controls the metabolism of activated B cells via OxPhos to foster humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- MitoVasc, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015/INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Verena Taudte
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Naïg Guegen
- MitoVasc, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015/INSERM U1083, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Florian Golombek
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Deparment of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Deparment of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonie Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deparment of Internal Medicine V, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Translational Research Center, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Tobit D Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is the central regulator of cell growth and proliferation by integrating growth factor and nutrient availability. Under healthy physiological conditions, this process is tightly coordinated and essential to maintain whole-body homeostasis. Not surprisingly, dysregulated mTOR signaling underpins several diseases with increasing incidence worldwide, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Consequently, there is significant clinical interest in developing therapeutic strategies that effectively target this pathway. The transition of mTOR inhibitors from the bench to bedside, however, has largely been marked with challenges and shortcomings, such as the development of therapy resistance and adverse side effects in patients. In this review, we discuss the current status of first-, second-, and third-generation mTOR inhibitors as a cancer therapy in both preclinical and clinical settings, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of drug resistance. We focus especially on the emerging role of diet as an important environmental determinant of therapy response, and posit a conceptual framework that links nutrient availability and whole-body metabolic states such as obesity with many of the previously defined processes that drive resistance to mTOR-targeted therapies. Given the role of mTOR as a central integrator of cell metabolism and function, we propose that modulating nutrient inputs through dietary interventions may influence the signaling dynamics of this pathway and compensatory nodes. In doing so, new opportunities for exploiting diet/drug synergies are highlighted that may unlock the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Koundouros
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021,USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: Nikos Koundouros, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021 USA.
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021,USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: John Blenis, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021 USA.
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13
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Karagiota A, Chachami G, Paraskeva E. Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: The Role of Acylglycerolphosphate Acyltransferases (AGPATs). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010228. [PMID: 35008394 PMCID: PMC8750616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapidly proliferating cancer cells reprogram lipid metabolism to keep the balance between fatty acid uptake, synthesis, consumption, and storage as triacylglycerides (TAG). Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs)/lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA), an intermediate in TAG synthesis, a signaling molecule, and a precursor of phospholipids. Importantly, the expression of AGPATs has been linked to diverse physiological and pathological phenotypes, including cancer. In this review, we present an overview of lipid metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells and give insight into the expression of AGPAT isoforms as well as their association with cancers, parameters of tumor biology, patient classification, and prognosis. Abstract Altered lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of aggressive tumors, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells reprogram fatty acid (FA) uptake, synthesis, storage, and usage to meet their increased energy demands. Central to these adaptive changes, is the conversion of excess FA to neutral triacylglycerides (TAG) and their storage in lipid droplets (LDs). Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), also known as lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), are a family of five enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), the second step of the TAG biosynthesis pathway. PA, apart from its role as an intermediate in TAG synthesis, is also a precursor of glycerophospholipids and a cell signaling molecule. Although the different AGPAT isoforms catalyze the same reaction, they appear to have unique non-overlapping roles possibly determined by their distinct tissue expression and substrate specificity. This is best exemplified by the role of AGPAT2 in the development of type 1 congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and is also manifested by recent studies highlighting the involvement of AGPATs in the physiology and pathology of various tissues and organs. Importantly, AGPAT isoform expression has been shown to enhance proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer cells and correlates with increased risk of tumor development or aggressive phenotypes of several types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Karagiota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (G.C.)
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Chachami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Efrosyni Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
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14
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Implication of Ceramide Kinase/C1P in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010227. [PMID: 35008391 PMCID: PMC8750078 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolic programs to favor biological processes that promote cell survival, proliferation, and dissemination. Among this relevant reprogramming, sphingolipid metabolism provides metabolites that can favor or oppose these hallmarks of cancer. The sphingolipid ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) and the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis, ceramide kinase (CERK), are well established regulators of cell growth and survival in normal, as well as malignant cells through stress-regulated signaling pathways. This metabolite also promotes cell survival, which has been associated with the feedback regulation of other antitumoral sphingolipids or second messengers. C1P also regulates cancer cell invasion and migration of different types of cancer, including lung, breast, pancreas, prostate, or leukemia cells. More recently, CERK and C1P have been implicated in the control of inflammatory responses. The present review provides an updated view on the important role of CERK/C1P in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, and dissemination.
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15
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Vandermeulen MD, Cullen PJ. Gene by Environment Interactions reveal new regulatory aspects of signaling network plasticity. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009988. [PMID: 34982769 PMCID: PMC8759647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes can change during exposure to different environments through the regulation of signaling pathways that operate in integrated networks. How signaling networks produce different phenotypes in different settings is not fully understood. Here, Gene by Environment Interactions (GEIs) were used to explore the regulatory network that controls filamentous/invasive growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GEI analysis revealed that the regulation of invasive growth is decentralized and varies extensively across environments. Different regulatory pathways were critical or dispensable depending on the environment, microenvironment, or time point tested, and the pathway that made the strongest contribution changed depending on the environment. Some regulators even showed conditional role reversals. Ranking pathways' roles across environments revealed an under-appreciated pathway (OPI1) as the single strongest regulator among the major pathways tested (RAS, RIM101, and MAPK). One mechanism that may explain the high degree of regulatory plasticity observed was conditional pathway interactions, such as conditional redundancy and conditional cross-pathway regulation. Another mechanism was that different pathways conditionally and differentially regulated gene expression, such as target genes that control separate cell adhesion mechanisms (FLO11 and SFG1). An exception to decentralized regulation of invasive growth was that morphogenetic changes (cell elongation and budding pattern) were primarily regulated by one pathway (MAPK). GEI analysis also uncovered a round-cell invasion phenotype. Our work suggests that GEI analysis is a simple and powerful approach to define the regulatory basis of complex phenotypes and may be applicable to many systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Vandermeulen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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16
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Li RH, Tian T, Ge QW, He XY, Shi CY, Li JH, Zhang Z, Liu FZ, Sang LJ, Yang ZZ, Liu YZ, Xiong Y, Yan Q, Li X, Ju HQ, Liu J, Wang LJ, Shao JZ, Wang W, Zhou T, Lin A. A phosphatidic acid-binding lncRNA SNHG9 facilitates LATS1 liquid-liquid phase separation to promote oncogenic YAP signaling. Cell Res 2021; 31:1088-1105. [PMID: 34267352 PMCID: PMC8486796 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of important regulators of signal transduction in tissue homeostasis and cancer development. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurs in a wide range of biological processes, while its role in signal transduction remains largely undeciphered. In this study, we uncovered a lipid-associated lncRNA, small nucleolar RNA host gene 9 (SNHG9) as a tumor-promoting lncRNA driving liquid droplet formation of Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 1 (LATS1) and inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Mechanistically, SNHG9 and its associated phosphatidic acids (PA) interact with the C-terminal domain of LATS1, promoting LATS1 phase separation and inhibiting LATS1-mediated YAP phosphorylation. Loss of SNHG9 suppresses xenograft breast tumor growth. Clinically, expression of SNHG9 positively correlates with YAP activity and breast cancer progression. Taken together, our results uncover a novel regulatory role of a tumor-promoting lncRNA (i.e., SNHG9) in signal transduction and cancer development by facilitating the LLPS of a signaling kinase (i.e., LATS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tian Tian
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Qi-Wei Ge
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xin-Yu He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Cheng-Yu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jun-Hong Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Fang-Zhou Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ling-Jie Sang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zuo-Zhen Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Xiong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xu Li
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jian Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liang-Jing Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Aifu Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XBreast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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17
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Zhan X, Xie Y, Sun L, Si Q, Shang H. Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:700-712. [PMID: 34399087 DOI: 10.1071/rd21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dexamethasone (DEX, 1µM) on glucose transporters (GLUT) in JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cells. JEG-3 cells were treated with DEX, an expression plasmid encoding human glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), pcDNA3.1-GRα, GRα short interference (si) RNA, LY294002, xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX), rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or phosphatidic acid (PA), and cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) content, human placental lactogen (hPL) content, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species levels and signalling pathway modulation were evaluated. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with DEX (1µM), GRα siRNA, LY294002 (50µM), XO/HX (7.2µM/36nM) or rapamycin (80nM) inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, significantly decreased MMP and hCG and hPL content and increased ROS levels. In addition, glucose uptake was decreased through downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of GRα, GLUT1 and GLUT3. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with GRα siRNA, LY294002, XO/HX or rapamycin inhibited phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2. The effects of GRα overexpression and IGF1 (100nM), NAC (5nM) or PA (100µM) treatment on JEG-3 cells contrasted with those of DEX treatment. DEX blocked glucose uptake by downregulating GRα expression, which reduced GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA and protein expression, which, in turn, may have inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activated the ROS/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongkai Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and Corresponding author.
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18
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Chen G, Phan V, Luo X, Cao DJ. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 critically regulates the function of mononuclear phagocytes and promotes cardiac remodeling in acute ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:62-79. [PMID: 34139235 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are cellular forces that drive and resolve inflammation triggered by acute myocardial ischemia. One of the most important but least understood regulatory mechanisms is how these cells sense cues from the micro-milieu and integrate environmental signals with their response that eventually determines the outcome of myocardial repair. In the current study, we investigated if the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) plays this role. We present evidence that support a robustly activated mTORC1 pathway in monocytes and macrophages in the infarcting myocardium.. Specific mTORC1 inhibition transformed the landscape of cardiac monocytes and macrophages into reparative cells that promoted myocardial healing. As the result, mTORC1 inhibition diminished remodeling and reduced mortality from acute ischemia by 80%. In conclusion, our data suggest a critical role of mTORC1 in regulating the functions of cardiac monocytes and macrophages, and specific mTORC1 inhibition protects the heart from inflammatory injury in acute ischemia. As mTOR/mTORC1 is a master regulator that integrates external signals with cellular responses, the study sheds light on how the cardiac monocytes and macrophages sense and respond to the ischemic environment..
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiHao Chen
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Vincent Phan
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiang Luo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dian J Cao
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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19
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Li N, Zhou P, Tang H, He L, Fang X, Zhao J, Wang X, Qi Y, Sun C, Lin Y, Qin F, Yang M, Zhang Z, Liao C, Zheng S, Peng X, Xue T, Zhu Q, Li H, Li Y, Liu L, Huang J, Liu L, Peng C, Kaindl AM, Gecz J, Han D, Liu D, Xu K, Hu H. In-depth analysis reveals complex molecular aetiology in a cohort of idiopathic cerebral palsy. Brain 2021; 145:119-141. [PMID: 34077496 PMCID: PMC8967106 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is the most prevalent physical disability in children; however, its inherent molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we performed in-depth clinical and molecular analysis on 120 idiopathic cerebral palsy families, and identified underlying detrimental genetic variants in 45% of these patients. In addition to germline variants, we found disease-related postzygotic mutations in ∼6.7% of cerebral palsy patients. We found that patients with more severe motor impairments or a comorbidity of intellectual disability had a significantly higher chance of harbouring disease-related variants. By a compilation of 114 known cerebral-palsy-related genes, we identified characteristic features in terms of inheritance and function, from which we proposed a dichotomous classification system according to the expression patterns of these genes and associated cognitive impairments. In two patients with both cerebral palsy and intellectual disability, we revealed that the defective TYW1, a tRNA hypermodification enzyme, caused primary microcephaly and problems in motion and cognition by hindering neuronal proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we developed an algorithm and demonstrated in mouse brains that this malfunctioning hypermodification specifically perturbed the translation of a subset of proteins involved in cell cycling. This finding provided a novel and interesting mechanism for congenital microcephaly. In another cerebral palsy patient with normal intelligence, we identified a mitochondrial enzyme GPAM, the hypomorphic form of which led to hypomyelination of the corticospinal tract in both human and mouse models. In addition, we confirmed that the aberrant Gpam in mice perturbed the lipid metabolism in astrocytes, resulting in suppressed astrocytic proliferation and a shortage of lipid contents supplied for oligodendrocytic myelination. Taken together, our findings elucidate novel aspects of the aetiology of cerebral palsy and provide insights for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Qin
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Liao
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Zhu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liru Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200029, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA5005, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dingding Han
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, China
| | - Kaishou Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Qiao N, Yang Y, Liao J, Zhang H, Yang F, Ma F, Han Q, Yu W, Li Y, Hu L, Pan J, Hussain R, Tang Z. Metabolomics and transcriptomics indicated the molecular targets of copper to the pig kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112284. [PMID: 33945902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper poses huge environmental and public health concerns due to its widespread and persistent use in the past several decades. Although it is well established that at higher levels copper causes nephrotoxicity, the exact mechanisms of its toxicity is not fully understood. Therefore, this experimental study for the first time investigates the potential molecular mechanisms including transcriptomics, metabolomics, serum biochemical, histopathological, cell apoptosis and autophagy in copper-induced renal toxicity in pigs. A total of 14 piglets were randomly assigned to two group (7 piglets per group) and treated with a standard diet (11 mg CuSO4 per kg of feed) and a high copper diet (250 mg CuSO4 per kg of feed). The results of serum biochemical tests and renal histopathology suggested that 250 mg/kg CuSO4 in the diet significantly increased serum creatinine (CREA) and induced renal tubular epithelial cell swelling. Results on transcriptomics and metabolomics showed alteration in 804 genes and 53 metabolites in kidneys of treated pigs, respectively. Combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated that different genes and metabolism pathways in kidneys of treated pigs were involved in glycerophospholipids metabolism and glycosphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, copper induced mitochondrial apoptosis characterized by increased bax, bak, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 expressions while decreased bcl-xl and bcl2/bax expression. Exposure to copper decreased the autophagic flux in terms of increased number of autophagosomes, beclin1 and LC3b/LC3a expression and p62 accumulation. These results indicated that the imbalance of glycosphingolipid metabolism, the impairment of autophagy and increase mitochondrial apoptosis play an important role in copper induced renal damage and are useful mechanisms to understand the mechanisms of copper nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanyang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Li X, Nakayama K, Goto T, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Shimizu K, Ogawa O, Inoue T. A narrative review of urinary phospholipids: from biochemical aspect towards clinical application. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1829-1849. [PMID: 33968673 PMCID: PMC8100843 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly emerged discipline, lipidomic studies have focused on the comprehensive characterization and quantification of lipids in a given biological system, which has remarkably advanced in recent years owing to the rapid development of analytical techniques, especially mass spectrometry. Among diverse lipid classes, phospholipids, which have fundamental roles in the formation of cellular membranes, signaling processes, and bioenergetics have gained momentum in several fields of research. The altered composition, concentration, spatial distribution, and metabolism of phospholipids in cells, tissues, and body fluids have been elucidated in various human diseases such as cancer, inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Among the different kinds of phospholipid sources in the human body, urine has not been extensively investigated in recent years owing to the extremely low concentrations of phospholipids and high levels of salts and other contaminants, which can interfere with precise detection. However, with profound advances and rapid expansion in analytical methods, urinary phospholipids have attracted increasing attention in current biomedical research as urine is an easily available source for the discovery of noninvasive biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of urinary phospholipids, including their biochemical aspects and clinical applications, aimed at promoting this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Shimizu
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Equipment Development, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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22
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. Phospholipase D as a Potential Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Functional Foods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:252-278. [PMID: 32586106 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) are composed of a plethora of metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The development of these disorders is highly linked to inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS), two metabolic states closely related to physiological and pathological conditions. Given the drastically rising CMD prevalence, the discovery of new therapeutic targets/novel nutritional approaches is of utmost importance. Recent Advances: The tremendous progress in methods/technologies and animal modeling has allowed the clarification of phospholipase D (PLD) critical roles in multiple cellular processes, whether directly or indirectly via phosphatidic acid, the lipid product mediating signaling functions. In view of its multiple features and implications in various diseases, PLD has emerged as a drug target. Critical Issues: Although insulin stimulates PLD activity and, in turn, PLD regulates insulin signaling, the impact of the two important PLD isoforms on the metabolic syndrome components remains vague. Therefore, after outlining PLD1/PLD2 characteristics and functions, their role in inflammation, OxS, and CMD has been analyzed and critically reported in the present exhaustive review. The influence of functional foods and nutrients in the regulation of PLD has also been examined. Future Directions: Available evidence supports the implication of PLD in CMD, but only few studies emphasize its mechanisms of action and specific regulation by nutraceutical compounds. Therefore, additional investigations are first needed to clarify the functional role of nutraceutics and, second, to elucidate whether targeting PLDs with food compounds represents an appropriate therapeutic strategy to treat CMD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 252-278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Sakamoto H, Yamasaki T, Sumiyoshi T, Takeda M, Shibasaki N, Utsunomiya N, Arakaki R, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Inoue T, Kamba T, Nakamura E, Ogawa O. Functional and genomic characterization of patient-derived xenograft model to study the adaptation to mTORC1 inhibitor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:119-134. [PMID: 33107222 PMCID: PMC7826464 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, which are a standard treatment for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), eventually develops in most cases. In this study, we established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model which acquired resistance to the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, and explored the underlying mechanisms of resistance acquisition. Temsirolimus was administered to PDX model mice, and one cohort of PDX models acquired resistance after repeated passages. PDX tumors were genetically analyzed by whole-exome sequencing and detected several genetic alterations specific to resistant tumors. Among them, mutations in ANKRD12 and DNMT1 were already identified in the early passage of a resistant PDX model, and we focused on a DNMT1 mutation as a potential candidate for developing the resistant phenotype. While DNMT1 expression in temsirolimus-resistant tumors was comparable with the control tumors, DNMT enzyme activity was decreased in resistant tumors compared with controls. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated heterozygous knockdown of DNMT1 in the temsirolimus-sensitive ccRCC (786-O) cell line was shown to result in a temsirolimus-resistant phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Integrated gene profiles using methylation and microarray analyses of PDX tumors suggested a global shift for the hypomethylation status including promotor regions, and showed the upregulation of several molecules that regulate the mTOR pathway in temsirolimus-resistant tumors. Present study showed the feasibility of PDX model to explore the mechanisms of mTOR resistance acquisition and suggested that genetic alterations, including that of DNMT1, which alter the methylation status in cancer cells, are one of the potential mechanisms of developing resistance to temsirolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Sakamoto
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Toshinari Yamasaki
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Takeda
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Noboru Shibasaki
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Noriaki Utsunomiya
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Ryuichiro Arakaki
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro‐Urologic Surgery and AndrologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of UrologyKumamoto University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamotoJapan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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24
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Ganesan R, Henkels KM, Shah K, De La Rosa X, Libreros S, Cheemarla NR, Serhan CN, Gomez-Cambronero J. D-series Resolvins activate Phospholipase D in phagocytes during inflammation and resolution. FASEB J 2020; 34:15888-15906. [PMID: 33047359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903025rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A successful acute inflammatory response results in the elimination of infectious agents by neutrophils and monocytes, followed by resolution and repair through tissue-resident and recruited macrophages. Resolvins (D-series and E-series) are pro-resolving lipid mediators involved in resolution and tissue repair, whose intracellular signaling remains of interest. Here, we report that D-series resolvins (RvD1- RvD5) activate phospholipase D (PLD), a ubiquitously expressed membrane lipase enzyme activity in modulating phagocyte functions. The mechanism for PLD-mediated actions of Resolvin-D5 (RvD5) in polarizing macrophages (M1-like toward M2-like) was found to be two-pronged: (a) RvD5 inhibits post-transcriptional modifications, by miRs and 3'exonucleases that process PLD2 mRNA, thus increasing PLD2 expression and activity; and (b) RvD5 enhances PLD2-S6Kinase signaling required for membrane expansion and efferocytosis. In an in vivo model of second organ reflow injury, we found that RvD5 did not reduce lung neutrophil myeloperoxidase levels in PLD2-/- mice compared to WT and PLD1-/- mice, confirming a novel role of PLD2 as the isoform in RvD5-mediated resolution processes. These results demonstrate that RvD5-PLD2 are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in vascular inflammation such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Krushangi Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Xavier De La Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nagarjuna R Cheemarla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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López-Gambero AJ, Sanjuan C, Serrano-Castro PJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. The Biomedical Uses of Inositols: A Nutraceutical Approach to Metabolic Dysfunction in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090295. [PMID: 32825356 PMCID: PMC7554709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositols are sugar-like compounds that are widely distributed in nature and are a part of membrane molecules, participating as second messengers in several cell-signaling processes. Isolation and characterization of inositol phosphoglycans containing myo- or d-chiro-inositol have been milestones for understanding the physiological regulation of insulin signaling. Other functions of inositols have been derived from the existence of multiple stereoisomers, which may confer antioxidant properties. In the brain, fluctuation of inositols in extracellular and intracellular compartments regulates neuronal and glial activity. Myo-inositol imbalance is observed in psychiatric diseases and its use shows efficacy for treatment of depression, anxiety, and compulsive disorders. Epi- and scyllo-inositol isomers are capable of stabilizing non-toxic forms of β-amyloid proteins, which are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive dementia in Down’s syndrome, both associated with brain insulin resistance. However, uncertainties of the intrinsic mechanisms of inositols regarding their biology are still unsolved. This work presents a critical review of inositol actions on insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, and its potential for either preventing or delaying cognitive impairment in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. The biomedical uses of inositols may represent a paradigm in the industrial approach perspective, which has generated growing interest for two decades, accompanied by clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. López-Gambero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- UGC Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-952614012 (J.S.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-952614012 (J.S.)
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26
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Chang Y, Xia L, Song M, Tang M, Patpur BK, Li J, Yang W, Yang C. The in vitro effects of phospholipase D1-mTOR axis in liver fibrogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 251:117595. [PMID: 32240681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in liver fibrosis progression. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes participate in multiple cellular activities. However, whether and how PLD regulates HSCs activation remain elusive. MAIN METHODS The expression of intrahepatic PLD1 and PLD2 was determined in CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis models by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell model of liver fibrogenesis was constructed using rat HSCs line (HSC-T6) treated with recombinant transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Fibrogenesis was evaluated on the aspects of proliferation, expression of pro-fibrogenic markers and migration. The effects mediated by PLD1-mTOR axis on TGFβ1-induced fibrogenesis were evaluated using HSC-T6 treated with small-molecular PLD1 inhibitors, PLD1-SiRNA, rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and MHY1485 (mTOR activator). KEY FINDINGS Significant increase of PLD1, not PLD2 was documented in CCl4-induced cirrhotic compared to normal liver tissues. Suppression of PLD1 activities by PLD inhibitors or down-regulation of PLD1 expression in HSC-T6 could significantly restrain TGFβ1-induced fibrogenesis, as reflected by decreased cell proliferation and reduced expression of pro-fibrogenic markers. Besides, either PLD1 inhibitor or PLD1-SiRNA significantly inhibited mTOR activity of HSC-T6. Moreover, PLD1 inhibitors not only exhibited similar effects with rapamycin in TGFβ1-induced fibrogenesis, but also blunted MHY1485 enhanced cell proliferation of HSC-T6. SIGNIFICANCE The PLD1-mTOR axis of HSCs could be therapeutically targeted in advanced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bhuvanesh Kinish Patpur
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institution of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Liu T, Tan Z, Yu J, Peng F, Guo J, Meng W, Chen Y, Rao T, Liu Z, Peng J. A conjunctive lipidomic approach reveals plasma ethanolamine plasmalogens and fatty acids as early diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer patients. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:233-242. [PMID: 32306783 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1757443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The reliable diagnostic biomarkers for detecting CRC at early stage is critical for decreasing the mortality.Method: A conjunctive lipidomic approach was employed to investigate the differences in plasma lipid profiles of CRC patients (n = 101) and healthy volunteers (n = 52). Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and UHPLC-QQQ MS platforms, a total of 236 lipids were structurally detected. Multivariate data analysis was conducted for biomarkers discovery.Results: A total of 11 lipid species, including 1 Glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE), 3 ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn), 1 plasmanyl glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (PE-O), 3 fatty acids (FFA), 1 Fatty acid ester of hydroxyl fatty acid (FAHFA) and 2 Diacylglycerophosphates (PA) were identified to distinguish the CRC patients at early stage from healthy controls. In addition, these potential lipid biomarkers achieved an estimated AUC=0.981 in a validation set for univariate ROC analysis.Conclusion: By combining Q-TOF MS and QQQ MS analysis, the 11 lipids exhibited good performance in differentiating early-stage CRC and healthy control. This study also demonstrated that lipidomics is a powerful tool in discovering new potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Won KJ, Goh YJ, Hwang SH. Lysophosphatidic Acid Inhibits Simvastatin-Induced Myocytoxicity by Activating LPA Receptor/PKC Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071529. [PMID: 32230890 PMCID: PMC7180799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins such as simvastatin have many side effects, including muscle damage, which is known to be the most frequent undesirable side effect. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a kind of biolipid, has diverse cellular activities, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. However, whether LPA affects statin-linked muscle damage has not been reported yet. In the present study, to determine whether LPA might exert potential protective effect on statin-induced myocyotoxicity, the effect of LPA on cytotoxicity in rat L6 myoblasts exposed to simvastatin was explored. Viability and apoptosis of rat L6 myoblasts were detected via 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5- [(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Protein expression levels were detected via Western blotting. Simvastatin decreased viability of L6 cells. Such decrease in viability was recovered in the presence of LPA. Treatment with LPA suppressed simvastatin-induced apoptosis in L6 cells. In addition, treatment with LPA receptor inhibitor Ki16425, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, or intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM attenuated the recovery effect of LPA on simvastatin-induced L6 cell toxicity. These findings indicate that LPA may inhibit simvastatin-induced toxicity in L6 cells probably by activating the LPA receptor-PKC pathway. Therefore, LPA might have potential as a bioactive molecule to protect muscles against simvastatin-induced myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Goh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-738-7922
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29
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Rumala CZ, Liu J, Locasale JW, Corkey BE, Deeney JT, Rameh LE. Exposure of Pancreatic β-Cells to Excess Glucose Results in Bimodal Activation of mTORC1 and mTOR-Dependent Metabolic Acceleration. iScience 2020; 23:100858. [PMID: 32058969 PMCID: PMC7005503 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to excess glucose can lead to metabolic acceleration and loss of stimulus-secretion coupling. Here, we examined how exposure to excess glucose (defined here as concentrations above 5 mM) affects mTORC1 signaling and the metabolism of β-cells. Acute exposure to excess glucose stimulated glycolysis-dependent mTORC1 signaling, without changes in the PI3K or AMPK pathways. Prolonged exposure to excess glucose led to hyperactivation of mTORC1 and metabolic acceleration, characterized by higher basal respiration and maximal respiratory capacity, increased energy demand, and enhanced flux through mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. Inhibition of pyruvate transport to the mitochondria decelerated the metabolism of β-cells chronically exposed to excess glucose and re-established glucose-dependent mTORC1 signaling, disrupting a positive feedback loop for mTORC1 hyperactivation. mTOR inhibition had positive and negative impacts on various metabolic pathways and insulin secretion, demonstrating a role for mTOR signaling in the long-term metabolic adaptation of β-cells to excess glucose. Acute glucose stimulates mTORC1 in β-cells through a glycolysis-dependent mechanism Chronic excess glucose promotes mTOR-dependent metabolic acceleration of β-cells Metabolic acceleration activates a positive feedback loop for mTORC1 hyperactivation mTOR hyperactivation disturbs the metabolism and insulin secretion patterns of β-cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason Wei Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barbara Ellen Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jude Thaddeus Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lucia Egydio Rameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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30
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Frias MA, Mukhopadhyay S, Lehman E, Walasek A, Utter M, Menon D, Foster DA. Phosphatidic acid drives mTORC1 lysosomal translocation in the absence of amino acids. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:263-274. [PMID: 31767684 PMCID: PMC6952608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes cell growth and proliferation in response to nutrients and growth factors. Amino acids induce lysosomal translocation of mTORC1 via the Rag GTPases. Growth factors activate Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), which in turn activates mTORC1 at the lysosome. Amino acids and growth factors also induce the phospholipase D (PLD)-phosphatidic acid (PA) pathway, required for mTORC1 signaling through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, using human and murine cell lines, along with immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, endocytosis, PLD activity, and cell viability assays, we show that exogenously supplied PA vesicles deliver mTORC1 to the lysosome in the absence of amino acids, Rag GTPases, growth factors, and Rheb. Of note, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of endogenous PLD prevented mTORC1 lysosomal translocation. We observed that precancerous cells with constitutive Rheb activation through loss of tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 2 (TSC2) exploit the PLD-PA pathway and thereby sustain mTORC1 activation at the lysosome in the absence of amino acids. Our findings indicate that sequential inputs from amino acids and growth factors trigger PA production required for mTORC1 translocation and activation at the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Frias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; Clinical and Translational Master's Program, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065.
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
| | - Elyssa Lehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
| | - Aleksandra Walasek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
| | - Matthew Utter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065.
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31
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McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
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32
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Noble AR, Hogg K, Suman R, Berney DM, Bourgoin S, Maitland NJ, Rumsby MG. Phospholipase D2 in prostate cancer: protein expression changes with Gleason score. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:1016-1026. [PMID: 31673104 PMCID: PMC6964697 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipases D1 and D2 (PLD1/2) are implicated in tumorigenesis through their generation of the signalling lipid phosphatidic acid and its downstream effects. Inhibition of PLD1 blocks prostate cell growth and colony formation. Here a role for PLD2 in prostate cancer (PCa), the major cancer of men in the western world, is examined. METHODS PLD2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effects of PLD2 inhibition on PCa cell viability and cell motility were measured using MTS, colony forming and wound-healing assays. RESULTS PLD2 protein is expressed about equally in luminal and basal prostate epithelial cells. In cells from different Gleason-scored PCa tissue PLD2 protein expression is generally higher than in non-tumorigenic cells and increases in PCa tissue scored Gleason 6-8. PLD2 protein is detected in the cytosol and nucleus and had a punctate appearance. In BPH tissue stromal cells as well as basal and luminal cells express PLD2. PLD2 protein co-expresses with chromogranin A in castrate-resistant PCa tissue. PLD2 inhibition reduces PCa cell viability, colony forming ability and directional cell movement. CONCLUSIONS PLD2 expression correlates with increasing Gleason score to GS8. PLD2 inhibition has the potential to reduce PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Noble
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Karen Hogg
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sylvain Bourgoin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, local T1-58, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Norman J Maitland
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin G Rumsby
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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33
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Arlauckas SP, Browning EA, Poptani H, Delikatny EJ. Imaging of cancer lipid metabolism in response to therapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4070. [PMID: 31107583 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent a diverse array of molecules essential to the cell's structure, defense, energy, and communication. Lipid metabolism can often become dysregulated during tumor development. During cancer therapy, targeted inhibition of cell proliferation can likewise cause widespread and drastic changes in lipid composition. Molecular imaging techniques have been developed to monitor altered lipid profiles as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment response. For decades, MRS has been the dominant non-invasive technique for studying lipid metabolite levels. Recent insights into the oncogenic transformations driving changes in lipid metabolism have revealed new mechanisms and signaling molecules that can be exploited using optical imaging, mass spectrometry imaging, and positron emission tomography. These novel imaging modalities have provided researchers with a diverse toolbox to examine changes in lipids in response to a wide array of anticancer strategies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, signal transduction inhibitors, gene therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these strategies. The understanding of lipid metabolism in response to cancer therapy continues to evolve as each therapeutic method emerges, and this review seeks to summarize the current field and areas of unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Philip Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anne Browning
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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34
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Zhukovsky MA, Filograna A, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2428-2451. [PMID: 31365767 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester group. Upon interaction with lysine or arginine, PA charge increases from -1 to -2 and this change stabilizes protein-lipid interactions. The biochemical properties of PA also allow interactions with lipids in several subcellular compartments. Based on this feature, PA is involved in the regulation and amplification of many cellular signalling pathways and functions, as well as in membrane rearrangements. Thereby, PA can influence membrane fusion and fission through four main mechanisms: it is a substrate for enzymes producing lipids (lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol) that are involved in fission or fusion; it contributes to membrane rearrangements by generating negative membrane curvature; it interacts with proteins required for membrane fusion and fission; and it activates enzymes whose products are involved in membrane rearrangements. Here, we discuss the biophysical properties of PA in the context of the above four roles of PA in membrane fusion and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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35
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Zhukovsky MA, Filograna A, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. The Structure and Function of Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase 4/ Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase Delta (AGPAT4/LPAATδ). Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:147. [PMID: 31428612 PMCID: PMC6688108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-modifying enzymes serve crucial roles in cellular processes such as signal transduction (producing lipid-derived second messengers), intracellular membrane transport (facilitating membrane remodeling needed for membrane fusion/fission), and protein clustering (organizing lipid domains as anchoring platforms). The lipid products crucial in these processes can derive from different metabolic pathways, thus it is essential to know the localization, substrate specificity, deriving products (and their function) of all lipid-modifying enzymes. Here we discuss an emerging family of these enzymes, the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), also known as acylglycerophosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), that produce phosphatidic acid (PA) having as substrates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and acyl-CoA. Eleven LPAAT/AGPAT enzymes have been identified in mice and humans based on sequence homologies, and their localization, specific substrates and functions explored. We focus on one member of the family, LPAATδ, a protein expressed mainly in brain and in muscle (though to a lesser extent in other tissues); while at the cellular level it is localized at the trans-Golgi network membranes and at the mitochondrial outer membranes. LPAATδ is a physiologically essential enzyme since mice knocked-out for Lpaatδ show severe dysfunctions including cognitive impairment, impaired force contractility and altered white adipose tissue. The LPAATδ physiological roles are related to the formation of its product PA. PA is a multifunctional lipid involved in cell signaling as well as in membrane remodeling. In particular, the LPAATδ-catalyzed conversion of LPA (inverted-cone-shaped lipid) to PA (cone-shaped lipid) is considered a mechanism of deformation of the bilayer that favors membrane fission. Indeed, LPAATδ is an essential component of the fission-inducing machinery driven by the protein BARS. In this process, a protein-tripartite complex (BARS/14-3-3γ/phosphoinositide kinase PI4KIIIβ) is recruited at the trans-Golgi network, at the sites where membrane fission is to occur; there, LPAATδ directly interacts with BARS and is activated by BARS. The resulting formation of PA is essential for membrane fission occurring at those spots. Also in mitochondria PA formation has been related to fusion/fission events. Since PA is formed by various enzymatic pathways in different cell compartments, the BARS-LPAATδ interaction indicates the relevance of lipid-modifying enzymes acting exactly where their products are needed (i.e., PA at the Golgi membranes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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36
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Lin SS, Liu YW. Mechanical Stretch Induces mTOR Recruitment and Activation at the Phosphatidic Acid-Enriched Macropinosome in Muscle Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:78. [PMID: 31139627 PMCID: PMC6518962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved kinase which assembles a signaling network that integrates diverse biochemical and mechanical cues to coordinate cell growth and proliferation. Mechanical load has been well-appreciated to induce mTOR activation that leads to skeletal muscle growth through phospholipase D (PLD) activity and phosphatidic acid (PA) production. While PA produced by PLD1 is critical for mTOR activation upon mitogenic stimulation at the lysosome, it is unclear where PA is produced upon mechanical stimulation in skeletal muscle. Here we report that membrane tension fluctuation induces the formation of PA-enriched macropinosome in mouse C2C12-derived myotube by either mechanical stretch or osmotic shock. The tension oscillation-induced PA is accumulated at the membrane of macropinosome, not the lysosome. Furthermore, mTOR is recruited to the PA-enriched macropinosome, and its downstream signaling is activated. Our findings reveal the underpinning of mechanical activation of mTOR signaling, and more importantly, the stretch-induced PA-macropinosome as a new platform for mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bermúdez V, Tenconi PE, Giusto NM, Mateos MV. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Survival. Modulation by the Phospholipase D Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:154. [PMID: 31327962 PMCID: PMC6497095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as aged-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Autophagy is a catabolic process essential to cell survival in response to stress. This process is highly active in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Our previous findings demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces an inflammatory response of RPE cells that implies classical phospholipases D (PLD1 and 2) activation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and reduced cell viability. In this work, we studied the autophagic process and its modulation by the PLD pathway in D407 and ARPE-19 RPE cells exposed to LPS. LPS (10 μg/ml or 25 μg/ml) exposure for 24 h increased light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) content (an autophagy marker) and LC3B-positive punctate structures in both RPE cell lines studied. Next, the drug bafilomycin A1 (BAF, 50 nM) was used to block the autophagic flux. In cells pre-incubated with BAF, LC3B-II and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) levels and autophagosome-like structures were increased by LPS, demonstrating that the inflammatory injury increases the autophagic process in RPE cells. To study the role of the PLD pathway, cells were pre-incubated for 1 h with selective PLD1 (VU0359595) or PLD2 (VU0285655-1) inhibitors prior to LPS addition. Under control condition, LC3B-positive punctate structures were increased in cells pre-incubated with PLD2 inhibitor while with PLD1 inhibitor were increased in cells exposed to LPS. MTT reduction assays showed that early autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenin (3-MA) or LY294002, enhanced the loss in cell viability induced by LPS exposure for 48 h. On the contrary, the inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 prevented the loss in cell viability induced by LPS. In conclusion, our results show that even though LPS treatment promotes an inflammatory response in RPE cells, it also triggers the activation of the autophagic process which in turn may serve as a protective mechanism for the cells. In addition, we demonstrate that the PLD pathway modulates the autophagic process in RPE cells. Our findings contribute to the knowledge of the molecular basis of retinal inflammatory and degenerative diseases and open new avenues for potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Paula Estefanía Tenconi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma María Giusto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Melina Valeria Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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38
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Role of phospholipase D in migration and invasion induced by linoleic acid in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 457:119-132. [PMID: 30877512 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that mediates a variety of biological processes, including migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. Increases of expression and activity of PLD are reported in several human cancers, including gastric, colorectal, renal, stomach, lung and breast. In this article, we demonstrate that LA induces an increase of PLD activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Particularly, PLD1 and/or PLD2 mediate migration and invasion induced by LA. Moreover, LA induces increases in number and size of spheroids via PLD activity. FFAR1 also mediates migration and invasion, whereas PLD activation induced by LA requires the activities of FFAR1, FFAR4 and EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, PLD plays a pivotal role in migration and invasion induced by LA in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Paine MRL, Liu J, Huang D, Ellis SR, Trede D, Kobarg JH, Heeren RMA, Fernández FM, MacDonald TJ. Three-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry Imaging Identifies Lipid Markers of Medulloblastoma Metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2205. [PMID: 30778099 PMCID: PMC6379434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) — the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor — includes prophylactic radiation administered to the entire brain and spine due to the high incidence of metastasis to the central nervous system. However, the majority of long-term survivors are left with permanent and debilitating neurocognitive impairments as a result of this therapy, while the remaining 30–40% of patients relapse with terminal metastatic disease. Development of more effective targeted therapies has been hindered by our lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating the metastatic process in this disease. To understand the mechanism by which MB metastasis occurs, three-dimensional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) experiments were performed on whole brains from a mouse model of human medulloblastoma. Analyzing the tumor and surrounding normal brain in its entirety enabled the detection of low abundance, spatially-heterogeneous lipids associated with tumor development. Boundaries of metastasizing and non-metastasizing primary tumors were readily defined, leading to the identification of lipids associated with medulloblastoma metastasis, including phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, and phosphoinositides. These lipids provide a greater insight into the metastatic process and may ultimately lead to the discovery of biomarkers and novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of metastasizing MB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R L Paine
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Danning Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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40
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Phospholipase D and the Mitogen Phosphatidic Acid in Human Disease: Inhibitors of PLD at the Crossroads of Phospholipid Biology and Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:89-113. [PMID: 31541319 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key building blocks of biological membranes and are involved in complex signaling processes such as metabolism, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Extracellular signaling by growth factors, stress, and nutrients is transmitted through receptors that activate lipid-modifying enzymes such as the phospholipases, sphingosine kinase, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which then modify phospholipids, sphingolipids, and phosphoinositides. One such important enzyme is phospholipase D (PLD), which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD isoforms have dual role in cells. The first involves maintaining cell membrane integrity and cell signaling, including cell proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal alterations, and invasion through the PLD product PA, and the second involves protein-protein interactions with a variety of binding partners. Increased evidence of elevated PLD expression and activity linked to many pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological and inflammatory diseases, and infection, has motivated the development of dual- and isoform-specific PLD inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are reported to be efficacious and safe in cells and mouse disease models, suggesting the potential for PLD inhibitors as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. Current knowledge and ongoing research of PLD signaling networks will help to evolve inhibitors with increased efficacy and safety for clinical studies.
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41
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Bevilacqua A, Bizzarri M. Inositols in Insulin Signaling and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1968450. [PMID: 30595691 PMCID: PMC6286734 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1968450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, both the importance of inositol for human health and the complex interaction between glucose and inositol have been the subject of increasing consideration. Glucose has been shown to interfere with cellular transmembrane transport of inositol, inhibiting, among others, its intestinal absorption. Moreover, intracellular glucose is required for de novo biosynthesis of inositol through the inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 pathway, while a few glucose-related metabolites, like sorbitol, reduce intracellular levels of inositol. Furthermore, inositol, via its major isomers myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, and probably some of its phosphate intermediate metabolites and correlated enzymes (like inositol hexakisphosphate kinase) participate in both insulin signaling and glucose metabolism by influencing distinct pathways. Indeed, clinical data support the beneficial effects exerted by inositol by reducing glycaemia levels and hyperinsulinemia and buffering negative effects of sustained insulin stimulation upon the adipose tissue and the endocrine system. Due to these multiple effects, myoIns has become a reliable treatment option, as opposed to hormonal stimulation, for insulin-resistant PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Research in Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet” (CRiN), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Triantafyllou EA, Georgatsou E, Mylonis I, Simos G, Paraskeva E. Expression of AGPAT2, an enzyme involved in the glycerophospholipid/triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway, is directly regulated by HIF-1 and promotes survival and etoposide resistance of cancer cells under hypoxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1142-1152. [PMID: 29908837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) supports survival of normal cells under low oxygen concentration and cancer cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. This involves metabolic reprogramming via upregulation of glycolysis, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and, less well documented, effects on lipid metabolism. To investigate the latter, we examined expression of relevant enzymes in cancer cells grown under hypoxia. We show that expression of acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), also known as lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase β (LPAATβ), was upregulated under hypoxia and this was impaired by siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α. Moreover, a sequence of the AGPAT2 gene promoter region, containing 6 putative Hypoxia Response Elements (HREs), activated transcription of a reporter gene under hypoxic conditions or in normoxic cells over-expressing HIF-1α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed binding of HIF-1α to one of these HREs, mutation of which abolished hypoxic activation of the AGPAT2 promoter. Knockdown of AGPAT2 by siRNA reduced lipid droplet accumulation and cell viability under hypoxia and increased cancer cell sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic etoposide. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that AGPAT2, which is mutated in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy and over-expressed in different types of cancer, is a direct transcriptional target of HIF-1, suggesting that upregulation of lipid storage by HIF-1 plays an important role in adaptation and survival of cancer cells under low oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Georgatsou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Efrosyni Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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43
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Utter M, Chakraborty S, Goren L, Feuser L, Zhu YS, Foster DA. Elevated phospholipase D activity in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells promotes both survival and metastatic phenotypes. Cancer Lett 2018; 423:28-35. [PMID: 29524555 PMCID: PMC5901760 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cells are hormonally driven to grow and divide. Typical treatments for prostate cancer involve blocking activation of the androgen receptor by androgens. Androgen deprivation therapy can lead to the selection of cancer cells that grow and divide independently of androgen receptor activation. Prostate cancer cells that are insensitive to androgens commonly display metastatic phenotypes and reduced long-term survival of patients. In this study we provide evidence that androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells have elevated PLD activity relative to the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. PLD activity has been linked with promoting survival in many human cancer cell lines; and consistent with the previous studies, suppression of PLD activity in the prostate cancer cells resulted in apoptotic cell death. Of significance, suppressing the elevated PLD activity in androgen resistant prostate cancer lines also blocked the ability of these cells to migrate and invade Matrigel™. Since survival signals are generally an early event in tumorigenesis, the apparent coupling of survival and metastatic phenotypes implies that metastasis is an earlier event in malignant prostate cancer than generally thought. This finding has implications for screening strategies designed to identify prostate cancers before dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Utter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sohag Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Limor Goren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lucas Feuser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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44
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Samovich S, Sverdlov R, Voitekhovich S, Grigoriev Y, Ivashkevich O, Shadyro O. Effects of quinones and azoles on radiation-induced processes involving hydroxyl-containing carbon-centered radicals. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Cho JH, Han JS. Phospholipase D and Its Essential Role in Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:805-813. [PMID: 29145720 PMCID: PMC5712509 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer development and management has been a major area of interest for researchers. The purpose of this mini-review is to explore PLD and its distinct role during chemotherapy including anti-apoptotic function. PLD is an enzyme that belongs to the phospholipase super family and is found in a broad range of organisms such as viruses, yeast, bacteria, animals, and plants. The function and activity of PLD are widely dependent on and regulated by neurotransmitters, hormones, small monomeric GTPases, and lipids. A growing body of research has shown that PLD activity is significantly increased in cancer tissues and cells, indicating that it plays a critical role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic processes. In addition, recent studies show that PLD is a downstream transcriptional target of proteins that contribute to inflammation and carcinogenesis such as Sp1, NFκB, TCF4, ATF-2, NFATc2, and EWS-Fli. Thus, compounds that inhibit expression or activity of PLD in cells can be potentially useful in reducing inflammation and sensitizing resistant cancers during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4321,
USA
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
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46
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Roth E, Frohman MA. Proliferative and metastatic roles for Phospholipase D in mouse models of cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:134-140. [PMID: 29154090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) activity has been proposed to facilitate multiple steps in cancer progression including growth, metabolism, angiogenesis, and mobility. The canonical enzymes PLD1 and PLD2 enact their diverse effects through hydrolyzing the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine to generate the second messenger and signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). However, the widespread expression of PLD1 and PLD2 in normal tissues and the additional distinct enzymatic mechanisms through which PA can be generated have produced uncertainty regarding the optimal settings in which PLD inhibition might ameliorate cancer. Recent studies in mouse model systems have demonstrated that inhibition or elimination of PLD activity reduces tumor growth and metastasis. One mechanism proposed for this outcome involves proliferative signaling mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which is attenuated when downstream PLD signal propagation is suppressed. The reduced proliferative signaling has been reported to be compounded by dysfunctional energetic metabolism in the tumor cells under conditions of nutrient deprivation. Moreover, cancer cells lacking PLD activity display inefficiencies across multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, limiting the tumor's lethal spread. Using PLD isoform knockout mice, recent studies have reported on the net effects of inhibition and ablation in multiple cancer models through examining the role of PLD in the non-tumor cells comprising the stroma and microenvironment. The promising results of such in vivo studies, combined with the apparent low toxicity of highly-specific and potent inhibitors, highlights PLD as an attractive target for therapeutic inhibition in cancer. We discuss here the array of anti-tumor effects produced by PLD inhibition and ablation in cancer models with a focus on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Roth
- The Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, The Medical Scientist Training Program, and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, USA.
| | - Michael A Frohman
- The Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, The Medical Scientist Training Program, and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, USA.
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47
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Phospholipase D inhibitors reduce human prostate cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:189-199. [PMID: 29136407 PMCID: PMC5785744 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phospholipases D1 and D2 (PLD1/2) hydrolyse cell membrane glycerophospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid, a signalling lipid, which regulates cell growth and cancer progression through effects on mTOR and PKB/Akt. PLD expression and/or activity is raised in breast, colorectal, gastric, kidney and thyroid carcinomas but its role in prostate cancer (PCa), the major cancer of men in the western world, is unclear. Methods: PLD1 protein expression in cultured PNT2C2, PNT1A, P4E6, LNCaP, PC3, PC3M, VCaP, 22RV1 cell lines and patient-derived PCa cells was analysed by western blotting. PLD1 protein localisation in normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissue sections and in a PCa tissue microarray (TMA) was examined by immunohistochemistry. PLD activity in PCa tissue was assayed using an Amplex Red method. The effect of PLD inhibitors on PCa cell viability was measured using MTS and colony forming assays. Results: PLD1 protein expression was low in the luminal prostate cell lines (LNCaP, VCaP, 22RV1) compared with basal lines (PC3 and PC3M). PLD1 protein expression was elevated in BPH biopsy tissue relative to normal and PCa samples. In normal and BPH tissue, PLD1 was predominantly detected in basal cells as well in some stromal cells, rather than in luminal cells. In PCa tissue, luminal cells expressed PLD1. In a PCa TMA, the mean peroxidase intensity per DAB-stained Gleason 6 and 7 tissue section was significantly higher than in sections graded Gleason 9. In CRPC tissue, PLD1 was expressed prominently in the stromal compartment, in luminal cells in occasional glands and in an expanding population of cells that co-expressed chromogranin A and neurone-specific enolase. Levels of PLD activity in normal and PCa tissue samples were similar. A specific PLD1 inhibitor markedly reduced the survival of both prostate cell lines and patient-derived PCa cells compared with two dual PLD1/PLD2 inhibitors. Short-term exposure of PCa cells to the same specific PLD1 inhibitor significantly reduced colony formation. Conclusions: A new specific inhibitor of PLD1, which is well tolerated in mice, reduces PCa cell survival and thus has potential as a novel therapeutic agent to reduce prostate cancer progression. Increased PLD1 expression may contribute to the hyperplasia characteristic of BPH and in the progression of castrate-resistant PCa, where an expanding population of neuroendocrine-like cells express PLD1.
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48
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Kopp Y, Lang WH, Schuster TB, Martínez-Limón A, Hofbauer HF, Ernst R, Calloni G, Vabulas RM. CHIP as a membrane-shuttling proteostasis sensor. eLife 2017; 6:e29388. [PMID: 29091030 PMCID: PMC5665643 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to protein misfolding and aggregation in the cytosol by adjusting gene transcription and a number of post-transcriptional processes. In parallel to functional reactions, cellular structure changes as well; however, the mechanisms underlying the early adaptation of cellular compartments to cytosolic protein misfolding are less clear. Here we show that the mammalian ubiquitin ligase C-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), if freed from chaperones during acute stress, can dock on cellular membranes thus performing a proteostasis sensor function. We reconstituted this process in vitro and found that mainly phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate enhance association of chaperone-free CHIP with liposomes. HSP70 and membranes compete for mutually exclusive binding to the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of CHIP. At new cellular locations, access to compartment-specific substrates would enable CHIP to participate in the reorganization of the respective organelles, as exemplified by the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (effector function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kopp
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Wei-Han Lang
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Adrián Martínez-Limón
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Harald F Hofbauer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Robert Ernst
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Giulia Calloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - R Martin Vabulas
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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49
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Bumpus T, Baskin JM. Clickable Substrate Mimics Enable Imaging of Phospholipase D Activity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1070-1077. [PMID: 29104923 PMCID: PMC5658752 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical imaging techniques have played instrumental roles in dissecting the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transduction pathways. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes affect cell signaling by producing the pleiotropic lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid via hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. It remains a mystery how this one lipid signal can cause such diverse physiological and pathological signaling outcomes, due in large part to a lack of suitable tools for visualizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of its production within cells. Here, we report a chemical method for imaging phosphatidic acid synthesis by PLD enzymes in live cells. Our approach capitalizes upon the enzymatic promiscuity of PLDs, which we show can accept azidoalcohols as reporters in a transphosphatidylation reaction. The resultant azidolipids are then fluorescently tagged using the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, enabling visualization of cellular membranes bearing active PLD enzymes. Our method, termed IMPACT (Imaging Phospholipase D Activity with Clickable Alcohols via Transphosphatidylation), reveals pools of basal and stimulated PLD activities in expected and unexpected locations. As well, we reveal a striking heterogeneity in PLD activities at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Collectively, our studies highlight the importance of using chemical tools to directly visualize, with high spatial and temporal resolution, the subset of signaling enzymes that are active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
W. Bumpus
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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50
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Dinicola S, Minini M, Unfer V, Verna R, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Nutritional and Acquired Deficiencies in Inositol Bioavailability. Correlations with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2187. [PMID: 29053604 PMCID: PMC5666868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities eating a western-like diet, rich in fat, sugar and significantly deprived of fibers, share a relevant increased risk of both metabolic and cancerous diseases. Even more remarkable is that a low-fiber diet lacks some key components-as phytates and inositols-for which a mechanistic link has been clearly established in the pathogenesis of both cancer and metabolic illness. Reduced bioavailability of inositol in living organisms could arise from reduced food supply or from metabolism deregulation. Inositol deregulation has been found in a number of conditions mechanistically and epidemiologically associated to high-glucose diets or altered glucose metabolism. Indeed, high glucose levels hinder inositol availability by increasing its degradation and by inhibiting both myo-Ins biosynthesis and absorption. These underappreciated mechanisms may likely account for acquired, metabolic deficiency in inositol bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, IPUS-Institute of Higher Education, 5250 Chiasso, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Verna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Policlinico Umberto I, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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