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Bhattacharyya S, O-Sullivan I, Tobacman JK. N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B) Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma by an HDAC3-Mediated Epigenetic Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5851. [PMID: 38892038 PMCID: PMC11172302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B, ARSB), which removes the 4-sulfate group at the non-reducing end of chondroitin 4-sulfate, on the expression of PD-L1 were determined, and the underlying mechanism of PD-L1 expression was elucidated. Initial experiments in human melanoma cells (A375) showed that PD-L1 expression increased from 357 ± 31 to 796 ± 50 pg/mg protein (p < 10-11) when ARSB was silenced in A375 cells. In subcutaneous B16F10 murine melanomas, PD-L1 declined from 1227 ± 189 to 583 ± 110 pg/mg protein (p = 1.67 × 10-7), a decline of 52%, following treatment with exogenous, bioactive recombinant ARSB. This decline occurred in association with reduced tumor growth and prolongation of survival, as previously reported. The mechanism of regulation of PD-L1 expression by ARSB is attributed to ARSB-mediated alteration in chondroitin 4-sulfation, leading to changes in free galectin-3, c-Jun nuclear localization, HDAC3 expression, and effects of acetyl-H3 on the PD-L1 promoter. These findings indicate that changes in ARSB contribute to the expression of PD-L1 in melanoma and can thereby affect the immune checkpoint response. Exogenous ARSB acted on melanoma cells and normal melanocytes through the IGF2 receptor. The decline in PD-L1 expression by exogenous ARSB may contribute to the impact of ARSB on melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanne K. Tobacman
- Jesse Brown VAMC and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.B.); (I.O.-S.)
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2
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Bhattacharyya S, Tobacman JK. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 interaction increases carbohydrate sulfotransferases and reduces N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase by p38 MAPK. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:39. [PMID: 38355690 PMCID: PMC10866996 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunostaining in lungs of patients who died with COVID-19 infection showed increased intensity and distribution of chondroitin sulfate and decline in N-acetylgalactostamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB). To explain these findings, human small airway epithelial cells were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (SPRBD) and transcriptional mechanisms were investigated. Phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-SMAD3 increased following exposure to the SPRBD, and their inhibition suppressed the promoter activation of the carbohydrate sulfotransferases CHST15 and CHST11, which contributed to chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Decline in ARSB was mediated by phospho-38 MAPK-induced N-terminal Rb phosphorylation and an associated increase in Rb-E2F1 binding and decline in E2F1 binding to the ARSB promoter. The increases in chondroitin sulfotransferases were inhibited when treated with phospho-p38-MAPK inhibitors, SMAD3 (SIS3) inhibitors, as well as antihistamine desloratadine and antibiotic monensin. In the mouse model of carrageenan-induced systemic inflammation, increases in phospho-p38 MAPK and expression of CHST15 and CHST11 and declines in DNA-E2F binding and ARSB expression occurred in the lung, similar to the observed effects in this SPRBD model of COVID-19 infection. Since accumulation of chondroitin sulfates is associated with fibrotic lung conditions and diffuse alveolar damage, increased attention to p38-MAPK inhibition may be beneficial in ameliorating Covid-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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3
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Bhattacharyya S, O-Sullivan I, Tu J, Chen Z, Tobacman JK. Exogenous recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB) inhibits progression of B16F10 cutaneous melanomas and modulates cell signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166913. [PMID: 37813168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In the syngeneic, subcutaneous B16F10 mouse model of malignant melanoma, treatment with exogenous ARSB markedly reduced tumor size and extended survival. In vivo experiments showed that local treatment with exogenous N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB) led to reduced tumor growth over time (p < 0.0001) and improved the probability of survival up to 21 days (p = 0.0391). Tumor tissue from the treated mice had lower chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) content and lower sulfotransferase activity. The free galectin-3 declined, and the SHP2 activity increased, due to altered binding with chondroitin 4-sulfate. These changes induced effects on transcription, which were mediated by Sp1, phospho-ERK1/2, and phospho-p38 MAPK. Reduced mRNA expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase), and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 resulted. Experiments in the human melanoma cell line A375 demonstrated similar responses to exogenous ARSB as in the tumors, and inverse effects followed ARSB siRNA. ARSB, which removes the 4-sulfate group at the non-reducing end of C4S, acts as a tumor suppressor, and treatment with exogenous ARSB impacts on vital cell signaling and reduces the expression of critical genes associated with melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Insug O-Sullivan
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jieqi Tu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Biostatistics Shared Resource, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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4
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Xu K, Huang Y, Wu M, Yin J, Wei P. 3D bioprinting of multi-cellular tumor microenvironment for prostate cancer metastasis. Biofabrication 2023; 15:035020. [PMID: 37236173 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acd960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most lethal cancers in men worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in PCa development, which consists of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid (HA) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major components in the TME and are correlated with PCa proliferation and metastasis, while the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood due to the lack of biomimetic ECM components and coculture models. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl/chondroitin sulfate-based hydrogels were physically crosslinked with HA to develop a novel bioink for the three-dimensional bioprinting of a coculture model that can be used to investigate the effect of HA on PCa behaviors and the mechanism underlying PCa-fibroblasts interaction. PCa cells demonstrated distinct transcriptional profiles under HA stimulation, where cytokine secretion, angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were significantly upregulated. Further coculture of PCa with normal fibroblasts activated CAF transformation, which could be induced by the upregulated cytokine secretion of PCa cells. These results suggested HA could not only promote PCa metastasis individually but also induce PCa cells to activate CAF transformation and form HA-CAF coupling effects to further promote PCa drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailei Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuye Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoben Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
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5
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Welsh CL, Allen S, Madan LK. Setting sail: Maneuvering SHP2 activity and its effects in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:17-60. [PMID: 37704288 PMCID: PMC10500121 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of tyrosine phosphorylation being a critical modulator of cancer signaling, proteins regulating phosphotyrosine levels in cells have fast become targets of therapeutic intervention. The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) coded by the PTPN11 gene "SHP2" integrates phosphotyrosine signaling from growth factor receptors into the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway and is centrally positioned in processes regulating cell development and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity is linked to tumorigenesis and developmental defects. Even as a compelling anti-cancer target, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" for a long time owing to its conserved catalytic PTP domain that evaded drug development. Recently, SHP2 has risen from the "undruggable curse" with the discovery of small molecules that manipulate its intrinsic allostery for effective inhibition. SHP2's unique domain arrangement and conformation(s) allow for a truly novel paradigm of inhibitor development relying on skillful targeting of noncatalytic sites on proteins. In this review we summarize the biological functions, signaling properties, structural attributes, allostery and inhibitors of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima K Madan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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6
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Asmamaw MD, Shi XJ, Zhang LR, Liu HM. A comprehensive review of SHP2 and its role in cancer. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:729-753. [PMID: 36066752 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues. SHP2 modulates diverse cell signaling events that control metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, cell migration, transcription and oncogenic transformation. It interacts with diverse molecules in the cell, and regulates key signaling events including RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and PD-1 pathways downstream of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upon stimulation by growth factors and cytokines. SHP2 acts as both a phosphatase and a scaffold, and plays prominently oncogenic functions but can be tumor suppressor in a context-dependent manner. It typically acts as a positive regulator of RTKs signaling with some inhibitory functions reported as well. SHP2 expression and activity is regulated by such factors as allosteric autoinhibition, microRNAs, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity causes many developmental diseases, and hematological and solid tumors. Moreover, upregulated SHP2 expression or activity also decreases sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. SHP2 is now considered as a compelling anticancer drug target and several classes of SHP2 inhibitors with different mode of action are developed with some already in clinical trial phases. Moreover, novel SHP2 substrates and functions are rapidly growing both in cell and cancer. In view of this, we comprehensively and thoroughly reviewed literatures about SHP2 regulatory mechanisms, substrates and binding partners, biological functions, roles in human cancers, and different classes of small molecule inhibitors target this oncoprotein in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Xia Y, Ying S, Jin R, Wu H, Shen Y, Yin T, Yan F, Zhang W, Lan F, Zhang B, Zhu C, Li C, Li W, Shen H. Application of a classifier combining bronchial transcriptomics and chest computed tomography features facilitates the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1290-1301. [PMID: 33963762 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer screening by computed tomography (CT) reduces mortality but exhibited high false-positive rates. We established a diagnostic classifier combining chest CT features with bronchial transcriptomics. Patients with CT-detected suspected lung cancer were enrolled. The sample collected by bronchial brushing was used for RNA sequencing. The e1071 and pROC packages in R software was applied to build the model. Eventually, a total of 283 patients, including 183 with lung cancer and 100 with benign lesions, were included into final analysis. When incorporating transcriptomic data with radiological characteristics, the advanced model yielded 0.903 AUC with 81.1% NPV. Moreover, the classifier performed well regardless of lesion size, location, stage, histologic type or smoking status. Pathway analysis showed enhanced epithelial differentiation, tumor metastasis, and impaired immunity were predominant in smokers with cancer, whereas tumorigenesis played a central role in nonsmokers with cancer. Apoptosis and oxidative stress contributed critically in metastatic lung cancer; by contrast, immune dysfunction was pivotal in locally advanced lung cancer. Collectively, we devised a minimal-to-noninvasive, efficient diagnostic classifier for smokers and nonsmokers with lung cancer, which provides evidence for different mechanisms of cancer development and metastasis associated with smoking. A negative classifier result will help the physician make conservative diagnostic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hangzhou Mitigenomics Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Yan L, Song Y, Xia K, He P, Zhang F, Chen S, Pouliot R, Weiss DJ, Tandon R, Bates JT, Ederer DR, Mitra D, Sharma P, Davis A, Linhardt RJ. Heparan sulfates from bat and human lung and their binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117797. [PMID: 33712145 PMCID: PMC7882221 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and continues to spread at an unprecedented rate around the world. Although a vaccine has recently been approved, there are currently few effective therapeutics to fight its associated disease in humans, COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 and the related severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) result from zoonotic respiratory viruses that have bats as the primary host and an as yet unknown secondary host. While each of these viruses has different protein-based cell-surface receptors, each rely on the glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate as a co-receptor. In this study we compare, for the first time, differences and similarities in the structure of heparan sulfate in human and bat lungs. Furthermore, we show that the spike glycoprotein of COVID-19 binds 3.5 times stronger to human lung heparan sulfate than bat lung heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Robert Pouliot
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - John T Bates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Dallas R Ederer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Dipanwita Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - April Davis
- Rabies Laboratory, New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States.
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9
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Rodrigo AP, Mendes VM, Manadas B, Grosso AR, Alves de Matos AP, Baptista PV, Costa PM, Fernandes AR. Specific Antiproliferative Properties of Proteinaceous Toxin Secretions from the Marine Annelid Eulalia sp. onto Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33445445 PMCID: PMC7827603 DOI: 10.3390/md19010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As Yondelis joins the ranks of approved anti-cancer drugs, the benefit from exploring the oceans' biodiversity becomes clear. From marine toxins, relevant bioproducts can be obtained due to their potential to interfere with specific pathways. We explored the cytotoxicity of toxin-bearing secretions of the polychaete Eulalia onto a battery of normal and cancer human cell lines and discovered that the cocktail of proteins is more toxic towards an ovarian cancer cell line (A2780). The secretions' main proteins were identified by proteomics and transcriptomics: 14-3-3 protein, Hsp70, Rab3, Arylsulfatase B and serine protease, the latter two being known toxins. This mixture of toxins induces cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase after 3h exposure in A2780 cells and extrinsic programmed cell death. These findings indicate that partial re-activation of the G2/M checkpoint, which is inactivated in many cancer cells, can be partly reversed by the toxic mixture. Protein-protein interaction networks partake in two cytotoxic effects: cell-cycle arrest with a link to RAB3C and RAF1; and lytic activity of arylsulfatases. The discovery of both mechanisms indicates that venomous mixtures may affect proliferating cells in a specific manner, highlighting the cocktails' potential in the fine-tuning of anti-cancer therapeutics targeting cell cycle and protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Rodrigo
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC–Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC–Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana R. Grosso
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.)
| | - António P. Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.)
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10
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Han X, Xia K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Tobacman JK. Increased CHST15 follows decline in arylsulfatase B (ARSB) and disinhibition of non-canonical WNT signaling: potential impact on epithelial and mesenchymal identity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2327-2344. [PMID: 32595831 PMCID: PMC7299535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of CHST15 (carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15; chondroitin 4-sulfate-6-sulfotransferase; BRAG), the sulfotransferase enzyme that adds 6-sulfate to chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) to make chondroitin 4,6-disulfate (chondroitin sulfate E, CSE), was increased in malignant prostate epithelium obtained by laser capture microdissection and following arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) silencing in human prostate epithelial cells. Experiments in normal and malignant human prostate epithelial and stromal cells and tissues, in HepG2 cells, and in the ARSB-null mouse were performed to determine the pathway by which CHST15 expression is up-regulated when ARSB expression is reduced. Effects of Wnt-containing prostate stromal cell spent media and selective inhibitors of WNT, JNK, p38, SHP2, β-catenin, Rho, and Rac-1 signaling pathways were determined. Activation of WNT signaling followed declines in ARSB and Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor (DKK)3 and was required for increased CHST15 expression. The increase in expression of CHST15 followed activation of non-canonical WNT signaling and involved Wnt3A, Rac-1 GTPase, phospho-p38 MAPK, and nuclear DNA-bound GATA-3. Inhibition of JNK, Sp1, β-catenin nuclear translocation, or Rho kinase had no effect. Consistent with higher expression of CHST15 in prostate epithelium, disaccharide analysis showed higher levels of CSE and chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S) disaccharides in prostate epithelial cells. In contrast, chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) disaccharides were greater in prostate stromal cells. CSE may contribute to increased C4S in malignant epithelium when GALNS (N-aceytylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase) is increased and ARSB is reduced. These effects increase chondroitin 4-sulfates and reduce chondroitin 6-sulfates, consistent with enhanced stromal characteristics and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leo Feferman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, USA
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Xu K, Wang Z, Copland JA, Chakrabarti R, Florczyk SJ. 3D porous chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120126. [PMID: 32480094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men that is curable prior to metastasis, when its prognosis worsens. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is found in the extracellular matrix of normal prostate tissue and PCa, with greater content in metastatic PCa. Biomaterial scaffolds containing CS have yet to be evaluated for tumor microenvironment applications. Three-dimensional porous chitosan-CS (C-CS) scaffolds were developed and evaluated for PCa culture. Three C-CS scaffold compositions were prepared with 4 w/v% chitosan and 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 w/v% CS and named 4-0.1, 4-0.5, and 4-1, respectively. The C-CS scaffolds had 90-95% porosity, average pore sizes between 143 and 166 μm, and no significant difference in scaffold stiffness. PC-3 and 22Rv1 PCa cells were cultured on the C-CS scaffolds to study the effect of CS on PCa growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). All C-CS scaffold compositions supported PCa growth and the 4-1 scaffolds had the greatest cell numbers for both PC-3 and 22Rv1. The C-CS scaffolds promoted upregulated EMT marker expression compared to 2D cultures with the greatest EMT marker expression in 4-1 scaffolds. Increasing CS concentration promoted upregulated vimentin expression in PC-3 cultures and N-cadherin and MMP-2 expression in 22Rv1 cultures. C-CS scaffolds promoted docetaxel drug resistance in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cultures and the 4-1 scaffold cultures had the greatest drug resistance. These results indicate that C-CS scaffolds are a promising in vitro platform for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Stephen J Florczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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12
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Feferman L, Bhattacharyya S, Oates E, Haggerty N, Wang T, Varady K, Tobacman JK. Carrageenan-Free Diet Shows Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Signaling in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Pilot Clinical Trial. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8267980. [PMID: 32377523 PMCID: PMC7191375 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8267980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carrageenan is well known to cause inflammation and is used in laboratory experiments to study mediators and treatments of inflammation. However, carrageenan is added to hundreds of processed foods to improve texture. Previous work indicated that low concentrations of carrageenan in drinking water caused marked glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in a mouse model. This exploratory, clinical study tested the impact of the no-carrageenan diet in prediabetes. Research Design and Methods. Participants with prediabetes (n = 13), defined as HbA1c of 5.7%-6.4%, enrolled in a 12-week, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding trial. One group (n = 8) was provided all meals and snacks with no carrageenan. A second group (n = 5) received a similar diet with equivalent content of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, but with carrageenan. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was changed in %HbA1c between baseline and 12 weeks. Statistical analysis included paired and unpaired t-tests, correlations, and 2 × 2 ANOVAs. RESULTS Subjects on no carrageenan had declines in HbA1c and HOMA-IR (p = 0.006, p = 0.026; paired t-test, two tailed). They had increases in C-peptide (p = 0.029) and Matsuda Index (2.1 ± 0.7 to 4.8 ± 2.3; p = 0.052) and declines in serum IL-8, serum galectin-3, and neutrophil phospho-(Ser307/312)-IRS1 (p = 0.049, p = 0.003, and p = 0.006; paired t-tests, two tailed). Subjects on the diet with carrageenan had no significant changes in these parameters. Significant differences between no-carrageenan and carrageenan-containing diet groups for changes from baseline to 12 weeks occurred in C-peptide, phospho-Ser-IRS1, phospho-AKT1, and mononuclear cell arylsulfatase B (p = 0.007, p = 0.038, p = 0.0012, and p = 0.0008; 2 × 2 ANOVA). Significant correlations were evident between several of the variables. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate improvement in HbA1c and HOMA-IR in participants on no-carrageenan diets, but not in participants on carrageenan-containing diets. Significant differences between groups suggest that removing carrageenan may improve insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. Larger studies are needed to further consider the impact of carrageenan on development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Feferman
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Oates
- Department of Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Haggerty
- Department of Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanne K. Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kovacs Z, Jung I, Szalman K, Banias L, Bara TJ, Gurzu S. Interaction of arylsulfatases A and B with maspin: A possible explanation for dysregulation of tumor cell metabolism and invasive potential of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3990-4003. [PMID: 31832401 PMCID: PMC6906558 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i23.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been shown that arylsulfatases are lost in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, their exact role in the carcinogenesis and behavior of this cancer was not elucidated. No data about the correlation between serum and immunohistochemical (IHC) level of arylsulfatases (ARSA, ARSB) in patients with CRC were published yet.
AIM To evaluate the possible prognostic value of ARSA and/or ARSB in CRC, at circulating and protein levels.
METHODS The present study included 45 consecutive patients who were prospectively diagnosed with CRC. For IHC stains (protein expression) ARSA, ARSB and maspin expression were quantified. For these markers, cytoplasmic expression was taken into account. For gene expression study, circulating mRNA was isolated from all patients, before surgery. A group of 45 healthy patients without inflammatory or tumor pathologies was used as control group. Reverse transcription and Taqman Gene Expression Array were used for ARSB gene expression.
RESULTS The preoperative circulating RNA level of the ARSB gene was significantly decreased in patients with CRC (RQ < 1), compared with the control group (RQ > 1). A more significant decrease (RQ < 0.5) occurred in ulcero-infiltrative maspin-positive adenocarcinomas, with a higher degree of tumor budding, diagnosed in locally advanced stages (pT3/4). ARSA/maspin immunopositivity indicated a higher risk for lymph node metastasis, while triple positivity for maspin/ARSA/ARSB and ARSB gene expression level < 0.5 were indicators of CRC aggressive behavior, independent of lymph node status.
CONCLUSION The significant independent negative prognostic factors of CRC are the ulcero-infiltrative aspect, high budding degree, triple positivity for maspin, ARSA and ARSB, and low ARSB gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Krisztina Szalman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Tivadar Jr Bara
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Tirgu Mures 530149, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, Targu Mures 530149, Romania
- Research Center (CCAMF), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures 540139, Romania
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miR-154-5p Functions as an Important Regulator of Angiotensin II-Mediated Heart Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8768164. [PMID: 31612078 PMCID: PMC6757276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8768164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypertension, valvular heart disease, and heart infarction cause cardiac remodeling and potentially lead to a series of pathological and structural changes in the left ventricular myocardium and a progressive decrease in heart function. Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a key role in the onset and development of cardiac remodeling. Many microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-154-5p, may be involved in the development of cardiac remolding, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to characterize the function of miR-154-5p and reveal its mechanisms in cardiac remodeling induced by AngII. First, angiotensin II led to concurrent increases in miR-154-5p expression and cardiac remodeling in adult C57BL/6J mice. Second, overexpression of miR-154-5p to a level similar to that induced by AngII was sufficient to trigger cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, which is associated with profound activation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Treatment with a miR-154-5p inhibitor noticeably reversed these changes. Third, miR-154-5p directly inhibited arylsulfatase B (Arsb) expression by interacting with its 3′-UTR and promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. Lastly, the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan attenuated AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis by blocking the increase in miR-154-5p expression. Moreover, upon miR-154-5p overexpression in isolated cardiomyocytes, the protective effect of telmisartan was partially abolished. Based on these results, increased cardiac miR-154-5p expression is both necessary and sufficient for AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, suggesting that the upregulation of miR-154-5p may be a crucial pathological factor and a potential therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling.
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15
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Dihydrotestosterone inhibits arylsulfatase B and Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor (DKK)-3 leading to enhanced Wnt signaling in prostate epithelium in response to stromal Wnt3A. Prostate 2019; 79:689-700. [PMID: 30801800 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tissue microarrays, immunostaining of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) was less in recurrent prostate cancers and in cancers with higher Gleason scores. In cultured prostate stem cells, decline in ARSB increased Wnt signaling through effects on Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor (DKK)3. The effects of androgen exposure on ARSB and the impact of decline in ARSB on Wnt signaling in prostate tissue were unknown. METHODS Epithelial and stromal tissues from malignant and normal human prostate were obtained by laser capture microdissection. mRNA expression of ARSB, galactose-6-sulfate-sulfatase (GALNS) and Wnt-signaling targets was determined by QPCR. Non-malignant human epithelial and stromal prostate cells were grown in tissue culture, including two-cell layer cultures. ARSB was silenced by specific siRNA, and epithelial cells were treated with stromal spent media following treatment with IWP-2, an inhibitor of Wnt secretion, and by exogenous recombinant human Wnt3A. Promoter methylation was detected using specific DKK3 and ARSB promoter primers. The effects of DHT and of ARSB overexpression on DKK expression were determined. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU incorporation. RESULTS Normal stroma showed higher expression of vimentin, ARSB, and Wnt3A than epithelium. Normal epithelium had higher expression of E-cadherin, galactose 6-sulfate-sulfatase (GALNS), and DKK3 than stroma. In malignant epithelium, expression of ARSB and DKK3 declined, and expression of GALNS and Wnt signaling targets increased. In cultured prostate epithelial cells, Wnt-mediated signaling was greatest when ARSB was silenced and cells were exposed to exogenous Wnt3A. Exposure to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased ARSB and DKK3 promoter rmethylation, and effects of DHT on DKK3 expression were reversed when ARSB was overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS Androgen-induced declines in ARSB and DKK3 may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis by sustained activation of Wnt signaling in prostate epithelium in response to stromal Wnt3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leo Feferman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Circulating heparin oligosaccharides rapidly target the hippocampus in sepsis, potentially impacting cognitive functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9208-9213. [PMID: 31010931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902227116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis induces heparanase-mediated degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, a heparan sulfate-enriched endovascular layer critical to vascular homeostasis, releasing highly sulfated domains of heparan sulfate into the circulation. These domains are oligosaccharides rich in heparin-like trisulfated disaccharide repeating units. Using a chemoenzymatic approach, an undecasaccharide containing a uniformly 13C-labeled internal 2-sulfoiduronic acid residue was synthesized on a p-nitrophenylglucuronide acceptor. Selective periodate cleavage afforded a heparin nonasaccharide having a natural structure. This 13C-labeled nonasaccharide was intravenously administered to septic (induced by cecal ligation and puncture, a model of polymicrobial peritonitis-induced sepsis) and nonseptic (sham) mice. Selected tissues and biological fluids from the mice were harvested at various time points over 4 hours, and the 13C-labeled nonasaccharide was recovered and digested with heparin lyases. The resulting 13C-labeled trisulfated disaccharide was quantified, without interference from endogenous mouse heparan sulfate/heparin, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring. The 13C-labeled heparin nonasaccharide appeared immediately in the blood and was rapidly cleared through the urine. Plasma nonasaccharide clearance was only slightly prolonged in septic mice (t 1/2 ∼ 90 minutes). In septic mice, the nonasaccharide penetrated into the hippocampus but not the cortex of the brain; no hippocampal or cortical brain penetration occurred in sham mice. The results of this study suggest that circulating heparan sulfates are rapidly cleared from the plasma during sepsis and selectively penetrate the hippocampus, where they may have functional consequences.
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17
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Distinct Effects of Carrageenan and High-Fat Consumption on the Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Nonobese and Obese Models of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9582714. [PMID: 31179345 PMCID: PMC6501429 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9582714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low concentration of the common food additive carrageenan (10 mg/L) for only six days led to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the C57BL/6J mouse. Longer exposure produced fasting hyperglycemia but with no increase in weight, in contrast to the HFD. Glucose intolerance was attributable to carrageenan-induced inflammation and to increased expression of GRB10. Both HFD and carrageenan increased p(Ser32)-IκBα and p(Ser307)-IRS1, and the increases were greater following the combined exposure. The effects of carrageenan were inhibited by the combination of the free radical inhibitor Tempol and BCL10 siRNA, which had no impact on the HFD-mediated increase. In contrast, the PKC inhibitor sotrastaurin blocked the HFD-induced increases, without an effect on the carrageenan-mediated effects. HFD had no impact on the expression of GRB10. Both carrageenan and high fat increased hepatic infiltration by F4/80-positive macrophages. Serum galectin-3 and galectin-3 binding to the insulin receptor increased by carrageenan and by HFD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor declined following either exposure and was further reduced by their combination. Carrageenan reduced the activity of the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (ARSB; arylsulfatase B), which was unchanged following HFD. Dietary exposure to both high fat and carrageenan can impair insulin signaling through both similar and distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leo Feferman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joanne K. Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Mingo J, López JI, Pulido R. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in prostate cancer biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:102-113. [PMID: 30401533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent malignancy in the male population of Western countries. Although earlier detection and more active surveillance have improved survival, it is still a challenge how to treat advanced cases. Since androgen receptor (AR) and AR-related signaling pathways are fundamental in the growth of normal and neoplastic prostate cells, targeting androgen synthesis or AR activity constitutes the basis of the current hormonal therapies in PCa. However, resistance to these treatments develops, both by AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Thus, alternative therapeutic approaches should be developed to target more efficiently advanced disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are direct regulators of the protein- and residue-specific phosphotyrosine (pTyr) content of cells, and dysregulation of the cellular Tyr phosphorylation/dephosphorylation balance is a major driving event in cancer, including PCa. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of classical PTPs in the growth, differentiation, and survival of epithelial prostate cells, and their potential as important players and therapeutic targets for modulation in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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