1
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Jones AA, Snow CD. Porous protein crystals: synthesis and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5790-5803. [PMID: 38756076 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Large-pore protein crystals (LPCs) are an emerging class of biomaterials. The inherent diversity of proteins translates to a diversity of crystal lattice structures, many of which display large pores and solvent channels. These pores can, in turn, be functionalized via directed evolution and rational redesign based on the known crystal structures. LPCs possess extremely high solvent content, as well as extremely high surface area to volume ratios. Because of these characteristics, LPCs continue to be explored in diverse applications including catalysis, targeted therapeutic delivery, templating of nanostructures, structural biology. This Feature review article will describe several of the existing platforms in detail, with particular focus on LPC synthesis approaches and reported applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Arthur Jones
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA.
| | - Christopher D Snow
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA
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2
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Meijer NWF, Zwakenberg S, Gerrits J, Westland D, Ardisasmita AI, Fuchs SA, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Jans JJM, Zwartkruis FJT. Direct Infusion Mass Spectrometry to Rapidly Map Metabolic Flux of Substrates Labeled with Stable Isotopes. Metabolites 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38786724 PMCID: PMC11122925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct infusion-high-resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) allows for rapid profiling of complex mixtures of metabolites in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue samples and cultured cells. Here, we present a DI-HRMS method suitable for the rapid determination of metabolic fluxes of isotopically labeled substrates in cultured cells and organoids. We adapted an automated annotation pipeline by selecting labeled adducts that best represent the majority of 13C and/or 15N-labeled glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as well as a number of their derivatives. Furthermore, valine, leucine and several of their degradation products were included. We show that DI-HRMS can determine anticipated and unanticipated alterations in metabolic fluxes along these pathways that result from the genetic alteration of single metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHA1) and glutaminase (GLS). In addition, it can precisely pinpoint metabolic adaptations to the loss of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in patient-derived liver organoids. Our results highlight the power of DI-HRMS in combination with stable isotopically labeled compounds as an efficient screening method for fluxomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils W. F. Meijer
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Susan Zwakenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.W.); (F.J.T.Z.)
| | - Johan Gerrits
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Denise Westland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.W.); (F.J.T.Z.)
| | - Arif I. Ardisasmita
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Sabine A. Fuchs
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Nanda M. Verhoeven-Duif
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Judith J. M. Jans
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.W.F.M.); (N.M.V.-D.)
| | - Fried J. T. Zwartkruis
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.W.); (F.J.T.Z.)
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3
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Thomas D, Wu M, Nakauchi Y, Zheng M, Thompson-Peach CA, Lim K, Landberg N, Köhnke T, Robinson N, Kaur S, Kutyna M, Stafford M, Hiwase D, Reinisch A, Peltz G, Majeti R. Dysregulated Lipid Synthesis by Oncogenic IDH1 Mutation Is a Targetable Synthetic Lethal Vulnerability. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:496-515. [PMID: 36355448 PMCID: PMC9900324 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH) are mutated in multiple cancers and drive production of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). We identified a lipid synthesis enzyme [acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1)] as a synthetic lethal target in mutant IDH1 (mIDH1), but not mIDH2, cancers. Here, we analyzed the metabolome of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and identified an mIDH1-specific reduction in fatty acids. mIDH1 also induced a switch to b-oxidation indicating reprogramming of metabolism toward a reliance on fatty acids. Compared with mIDH2, mIDH1 AML displayed depletion of NADPH with defective reductive carboxylation that was not rescued by the mIDH1-specific inhibitor ivosidenib. In xenograft models, a lipid-free diet markedly slowed the growth of mIDH1 AML, but not healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells or mIDH2 AML. Genetic and pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 resulted in the growth inhibition of mIDH1 cancers not reversible by ivosidenib. Critically, the pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 improved the sensitivity of mIDH1 AML to venetoclax. SIGNIFICANCE Oncogenic mutations in both IDH1 and IDH2 produce 2-hydroxyglutarate and are generally considered equivalent in terms of pathogenesis and targeting. Using comprehensive metabolomic analysis, we demonstrate unexpected metabolic differences in fatty acid metabolism between mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in patient samples with targetable metabolic interventions. See related commentary by Robinson and Levine, p. 266. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia and Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manhong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chloe A.L. Thompson-Peach
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia and Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kelly Lim
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia and Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Niklas Landberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Monika Kutyna
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia and Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa Stafford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Devendra Hiwase
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia and Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Hematology and Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Corresponding Author: Ravindra Majeti, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305. Phone: 650-721-6376; Fax: 650-736-2961; E-mail:
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4
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Abstract
Although tumourigenesis occurs due to genetic mutations, the role of epigenetic dysregulations in cancer is also well established. Epigenetic dysregulations in cancer may occur as a result of mutations in genes encoding histone/DNA-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodellers or mutations in histone protein itself. It is also true that misregulated gene expression without genetic mutations in these factors could also support tumour initiation and progression. Interestingly, metabolic rewiring has emerged as a hallmark of cancer due to gene mutations in specific metabolic enzymes or dietary/environmental factors. Recent studies report an intricate cross-talk between epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in cancer. This review discusses the role of epigenetic and metabolic dysregulations and their cross-talk in tumourigenesis with a special focus on gliomagenesis. We also discuss the role of recently developed human embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells-derived organoid models of gliomas and how these models are proving instrumental in uncovering human-specific cellular and molecular complexities of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismi Phasaludeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Mendoza M, Egervari G, Sidoli S, Donahue G, Alexander DC, Sen P, Garcia BA, Berger SL. Enzymatic transfer of acetate on histones from lysine reservoir sites to lysine activating sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj5688. [PMID: 35061542 PMCID: PMC8782443 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is governed by nuclear acetyl-CoA pools generated, in part, from local acetate by metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). We hypothesize that during gene activation, a local transfer of intact acetate occurs via sequential action of epigenetic and metabolic enzymes. Using stable isotope labeling, we detect transfer between histone acetylation sites both in vitro using purified mammalian enzymes and in vivo using quiescence exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a change-of-state model. We show that Acs2, the yeast ortholog of ACSS2, is recruited to chromatin during quiescence exit and observe dynamic histone acetylation changes proximal to Acs2 peaks. We find that Acs2 is preferentially associated with the most up-regulated genes, suggesting that acetyl group transfer plays an important role in gene activation. Overall, our data reveal direct transfer of acetate between histone lysine residues to facilitate rapid transcriptional induction, an exchange that may be critical during changes in nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Mendoza
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabor Egervari
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Desi C. Alexander
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Hvinden IC, Cadoux-Hudson T, Schofield CJ, McCullagh JS. Metabolic adaptations in cancers expressing isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100469. [PMID: 35028610 PMCID: PMC8714851 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The most frequently mutated metabolic genes in human cancer are those encoding the enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2; these mutations have so far been identified in more than 20 tumor types. Since IDH mutations were first reported in glioma over a decade ago, extensive research has revealed their association with altered cellular processes. Mutations in IDH lead to a change in enzyme function, enabling efficient conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). It is proposed that elevated cellular R-2-HG inhibits enzymes that regulate transcription and metabolism, subsequently affecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial biochemistry. The significance of these biochemical changes for tumorigenesis and potential for therapeutic exploitation remains unclear. Here we comprehensively review reported direct and indirect metabolic changes linked to IDH mutations and discuss their clinical significance. We also review the metabolic effects of first-generation mutant IDH inhibitors and highlight the potential for combination treatment strategies and new metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Comfort Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S.O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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7
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Sesanto R, Kuehn JF, Barber DL, White KA. Low pH Facilitates Heterodimerization of Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase IDH1-R132H and Promotes Production of 2-Hydroxyglutarate. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1983-1994. [PMID: 34143606 PMCID: PMC8246651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
1 (IDH1) is a key metabolic enzyme for
maintaining cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) and preserving
the redox environment of the cytosol. Wild-type (WT) IDH1 converts
isocitrate to AKG; however, mutant IDH1-R132H that is recurrent in
human cancers catalyzes the neomorphic production of the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutrate (D-2HG) from AKG. Recent work suggests that
production of l-2-hydroxyglutarte in cancer cells can be
regulated by environmental changes, including hypoxia and intracellular
pH (pHi). However, it is unknown whether and how pHi affects the activity
of IDH1-R132H. Here, we show that in cells IDH1-R132H can produce
D-2HG in a pH-dependent manner with increased production at lower
pHi. We also identify a molecular mechanism by which this pH sensitivity
is achieved. We show that pH-dependent production of D-2HG is mediated
by pH-dependent heterodimer formation between IDH1-WT and IDH1-R132H.
In contrast, neither IDH1-WT nor IDH1-R132H homodimer formation is
affected by pH. Our results demonstrate that robust production of
D-2HG by IDH1-R132H relies on the coincidence of (1) the ability to
form heterodimers with IDH1-WT and (2) low pHi or highly abundant
AKG substrate. These data suggest cancer-associated IDH1-R132H may
be sensitive to physiological or microenvironmental cues that lower
pH, such as hypoxia or metabolic reprogramming. This work reveals
new molecular considerations for targeted therapeutics and suggests
potential synergistic effects of using catalytic IDH1 inhibitors targeting
D-2HG production in combination with drugs targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Sesanto
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94122, United States
| | - Jessamine F Kuehn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana 46617, United States
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94122, United States
| | - Katharine A White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana 46617, United States
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8
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From Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials: Temozolomide Use in IDH-Mutant Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051225. [PMID: 34067729 PMCID: PMC8157002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. We describe the challenges associated with TMZ in clinical (drug resistance and tumor recurrence) and preclinical settings (variabilities associated with in vitro models) in treating IDH-mutant glioma. Lastly, we summarize the emerging therapeutic targets that can potentially be used in combination with TMZ.
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9
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Špačková J, Gotvaldová K, Dvořák A, Urbančoková A, Pospíšilová K, Větvička D, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Tesařová P, Vítek L, Ježek P, Smolková K. Biochemical Background in Mitochondria Affects 2HG Production by IDH2 and ADHFE1 in Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071709. [PMID: 33916579 PMCID: PMC8038481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is a metabolite resembling normal cell metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), however, its accumulation in cells might lead to amplification of processes in cancer development. R-2HG is a product or bi-product of several metabolic enzymes, including mitochondrial ones. We investigated whether production of mitochondrial 2HG is elevated in breast cancer cell lines and identified active competition for initial substrate, 2OG, between enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH2 and alcohol dehydrogenase ADHFE1. We have also investigated possible substrate and cofactor NADPH channeling between the two IDH2 molecules within mitochondria. We characterized several situations when either IDH2 and ADHFE1 produce a non-negligible amount of 2HG, which is then actively exported from cells. This can serve as a clinical application of our findings. We have therefore quantified 2HG levels in the urine of breast carcinoma patients after resection of their tumors and showed a positive correlations between cancer stages and 2HG levels. Note that cancer stages I to IV differ by the existence and severity of metastases. Extension of these findings might help to improve diagnostic approaches of breast carcinoma. Abstract Mitochondrial production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be catalyzed by wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing 1 (ADHFE1). We investigated whether biochemical background and substrate concentration in breast cancer cells promote 2HG production. To estimate its role in 2HG production, we quantified 2HG levels and its enantiomers in breast cancer cells using analytical approaches for metabolomics. By manipulation of mitochondrial substrate fluxes using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the existence of active competition between 2HG producing enzymes, i.e., IDH2 and ADHFE1. Moreover, we showed that distinct fractions of IDH2 enzyme molecules operate in distinct oxido-reductive modes, providing NADPH and producing 2HG simultaneously. We have also detected 2HG release in the urine of breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy and detected a correlation with stages of breast carcinoma development. In summary, we provide a background for vital mitochondrial production of 2HG in breast cancer cells with outcomes towards cancer biology and possible future diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Špačková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
| | - Klára Gotvaldová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the General University Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (L.V.)
| | - Alexandra Urbančoková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
| | - Kateřina Pospíšilová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the General University Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (L.V.)
| | - David Větvička
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
| | - Petra Tesařová
- Department of Oncology, the General University Hospital and The First Faculty of Medicine, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the General University Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (L.V.)
- 4 th Department of Internal Medicine, the General University Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (K.G.); (A.D.); (A.U.); (A.L.-R.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
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10
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Mehrjardi NZ, Hänggi D, Kahlert UD. Current biomarker-associated procedures of cancer modeling-a reference in the context of IDH1 mutant glioma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:998. [PMID: 33221817 PMCID: PMC7680457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) are central molecular markers for glioblastoma. Providing in vitro or in vivo models with mutated IDH1/2 can help prepare facilities to understand the biology of these mutated genes as glioma markers, as well as help, improve therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first summarize the biology principles of IDH and its mutations and outline the core primary findings in the clinical context of neuro-oncology. Given the extensive research interest and exciting developments in current stem cell biology and genome editing, the central part of the manuscript is dedicated to introducing various routes of disease modeling strategies of IDH mutation (IDHMut) glioma and comparing the scientific-technological findings from the field using different engineering methods. Lastly, by giving our perspective on the benefits and limitations of patient-derived and donor-derived disease modeling respectively, we aim to propose leading research questions to be answered in the context of IDH1 and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zare Mehrjardi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Singh C, Tran V, McCollum L, Bolok Y, Allan K, Yuan A, Hoppe G, Brunengraber H, Sears JE. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fuelled anaplerosis in retinal Müller cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1277. [PMID: 32152301 PMCID: PMC7062830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although supplemental oxygen is required to promote survival of severely premature infants, hyperoxia is simultaneously harmful to premature developing tissues such as in the retina. Here we report the effect of hyperoxia on central carbon metabolism in primary mouse Müller glial cells and a human Müller glia cell line (M10-M1 cells). We found decreased flux from glycolysis entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Müller cells accompanied by increased glutamine consumption in response to hyperoxia. In hyperoxia, anaplerotic catabolism of glutamine by Müller cells increased ammonium release two-fold. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fueled anaplerosis that reverses basal Müller cell metabolism from production to consumption of glutamine. Prematurely born babies need extra oxygen to survive, but this can cause damage to the eyes and lead to infant blindness. Here the authors show that this hyperoxia changes the metabolism of Müller cells in the retina such that they use up, rather than produce, glutamine and secrete excess ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vincent Tran
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Leah McCollum
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Youstina Bolok
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kristin Allan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - George Hoppe
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan E Sears
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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12
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Sivanand S, Vander Heiden MG. Emerging Roles for Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:147-156. [PMID: 32049045 PMCID: PMC7082774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways must be adapted to support cell processes required for transformation and cancer progression. Amino acid metabolism is deregulated in many cancers, with changes in branched-chain amino acid metabolism specifically affecting cancer cell state as well as systemic metabolism in individuals with malignancy. This review highlights key concepts surrounding the current understanding of branched-chain amino acid metabolism and its role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sivanand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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13
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Zhou W, Wahl DR. Metabolic Abnormalities in Glioblastoma and Metabolic Strategies to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091231. [PMID: 31450721 PMCID: PMC6770393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and is nearly universally fatal. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have had limited success in GBM, leaving surgery, alkylating chemotherapy and ionizing radiation as the standards of care. Like most cancers, GBMs rewire metabolism to fuel survival, proliferation, and invasion. Emerging evidence suggests that this metabolic reprogramming also mediates resistance to the standard-of-care therapies used to treat GBM. In this review, we discuss the noteworthy metabolic features of GBM, the key pathways that reshape tumor metabolism, and how inhibiting abnormal metabolism may be able to overcome the inherent resistance of GBM to radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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