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Wang P, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou S, Tang Q, Wang Z, Xiao R, Feng M, Wu L, Liang D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Urine-Derived iPSCs Exhibit Low Immunogenicity and Reduced Immunomodulatory Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10394. [PMID: 39408724 PMCID: PMC11476417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) represent a promising and renewable cell source for therapeutic applications. A systematic evaluation of the immunological properties and engraftment potential of iMSCs generated from urine-derived iPSCs is lacking, which has impeded their broader application. In this study, we differentiated urine-derived iPSCs into iMSCs and assessed their fundamental MSC characteristics, immunogenicity, immunomodulatory capacity and in vivo engraftment. Compared to umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs), iMSCs demonstrated an enhanced proliferative capacity, a higher level of regenerative gene expression, and lower immunogenicity, strengthening resistance to apoptosis induced by allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the NK-92 cell line. In addition, iMSCs exhibited a diminished ability to inhibit T cell proliferation and activation compared with UCMSCs. Transcriptomic analyses further revealed the decreased expression of immune regulatory factors in iMSCs. After transfusion into mouse models, iMSCs engrafted in the lungs, liver, and spleen and exhibited the ability to migrate to tumor tissues. Our results indicated that iMSCs generated from urine-derived iPSCs have a significant replicative capacity, low immunogenicity and unique immunomodulatory properties, and hence offer obvious advantages in immune privilege and allogenic therapeutic application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhixing Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Shenglan Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Qiyu Tang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Zujia Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Rou Xiao
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Mai Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.T.); (Z.W.); (R.X.); (L.W.)
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2
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Jiang N, Tian X, Wang Q, Hao J, Jiang J, Wang H. Regulation Mechanisms and Maintenance Strategies of Stemness in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:455-483. [PMID: 38010581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stemness pertains to the intrinsic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages, while simultaneously impeding their differentiation and preserving crucial differentiating genes in a state of quiescence and equilibrium. Owing to their favorable attributes, including uncomplicated isolation protocols, ethical compliance, and ease of procurement, MSCs have become a focal point of inquiry in the domains of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As age increases or ex vivo cultivation is prolonged, the functionality of MSCs decreases and their stemness gradually diminishes, thereby limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the existence of several uncertainties surrounding the comprehension of MSC stemness, considerable advancements have been achieved in the clarification of the potential mechanisms that lead to stemness loss, as well as the associated strategies for stemness maintenance. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the factors influencing the preservation of MSC stemness, the molecular mechanisms governing it, the strategies for its maintenance, and the therapeutic potential associated with stemness. Finally, we underscore the obstacles and prospective avenues in present investigations, providing innovative perspectives and opportunities for the preservation and therapeutic utilization of MSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
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3
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Luo B, Jiang Q. Effect of RNA-binding proteins on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:383-392. [PMID: 37072640 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an ideal way to repair bone defects. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can affect cell function through post-transcriptional regulation. Exploring the role of RBPs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is helpful to find a key method to promote the osteogenic efficiency of BMSCs. By reviewing the literature, we obtained a differentially expressed mRNA dataset during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and a human RBP dataset. A total of 82 differentially expressed RBPs in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were screened by intersection of the two datasets. Functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed RBPs were mainly involved in RNA transcription, translation and degradation through the formation of spliceosomes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. The top 15 RBPs determined by degree score were FBL, NOP58, DDX10, RPL9, SNRPD3, NCL, IFIH1, RPL18A, NAT10, EXOSC5, ALYREF, PA2G4, EIF5B, SNRPD1 and EIF6. The results of this study demonstrate that the expression of many RBPs changed during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Tian S, Zhang K, An G, Zhang Y, Ma R, Sheng B, Wang T, Yang H, Yang L. RPRM deletion preserves hematopoietic regeneration by promoting EGFR-dependent DNA repair and hematopoietic stem cell proliferation post ionizing radiation. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2158-2172. [PMID: 36041213 PMCID: PMC9804513 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reprimo (RPRM), a target gene of p53, is a known tumor suppressor. DNA damage induces RPRM, which triggers p53-dependent G2 arrest by inhibiting cyclin B1/Cdc2 complex activation and promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis. RPRM negatively regulates ataxia-telangiectasia mutated by promoting its nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and degradation, thus inhibiting DNA damage. Therefore, RPRM plays a crucial role in DNA damage response. Moreover, the loss of RPRM confers radioresistance in mice, which enables longer survival and less severe intestinal injury after radiation exposure. However, the role of RPRM in radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury remains unknown. Herein, utilizing a RPRM-knockout mouse model, we found that RPRM deletion did not affect steady-state hematopoiesis in mice. However, RPRM knockout significantly alleviated radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury and preserved mouse hematopoietic regeneration in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) against radiation-induced DNA damage. Further mechanistic studies showed that RPRM loss significantly increased EGFR expression and phosphorylation in HSCs to activate STAT3 and DNA-PKcs, thus promoting HSC DNA repair and proliferation. These findings reveal the critical role of RPRM in radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury, confirming our hypothesis that RPRM may serve as a novel target for radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Shuaiyu Tian
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Kailu Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Gangli An
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Renyuxue Ma
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Binjie Sheng
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina,Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
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5
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Understanding the versatile roles and applications of EpCAM in cancers: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:97. [PMID: 36369033 PMCID: PMC9650829 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) functions not only in physiological processes but also participates in the development and progression of cancer. In recent decades, extensive efforts have been made to decipher the role of EpCAM in cancers. Great advances have been achieved in elucidating its structure, molecular functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical applications. Beyond its well-recognized role as a biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs), EpCAM exhibits novel and promising value in targeted therapy. At the same time, the roles of EpCAM in cancer progression are found to be highly context-dependent and even contradictory in some cases. The versatile functional modules of EpCAM and its communication with other signaling pathways complicate the study of this molecule. In this review, we start from the structure of EpCAM and focus on communication with other signaling pathways. The impacts on the biology of cancers and the up-to-date clinical applications of EpCAM are also introduced and summarized, aiming to shed light on the translational prospects of EpCAM.
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Schinke H, Shi E, Lin Z, Quadt T, Kranz G, Zhou J, Wang H, Hess J, Heuer S, Belka C, Zitzelsberger H, Schumacher U, Genduso S, Riecken K, Gao Y, Wu Z, Reichel CA, Walz C, Canis M, Unger K, Baumeister P, Pan M, Gires O. A transcriptomic map of EGFR-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition identifies prognostic and therapeutic targets for head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:178. [PMID: 36076232 PMCID: PMC9454230 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is both a driver oncogene and a therapeutic target in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, response to EGFR treatment is inconsistent and lacks markers for treatment prediction. This study investigated EGFR-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a central parameter in tumor progression and identified novel prognostic and therapeutic targets, and a candidate predictive marker for EGFR therapy response. Methods Transcriptomic profiles were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) following EGFR-mediated EMT in responsive human HNSCC cell lines. Exclusive genes were extracted via differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a risk score was determined through forward feature selection and Cox regression models in HNSCC cohorts. Functional characterization of selected prognostic genes was conducted in 2D and 3D cellular models, and findings were validated by immunohistochemistry in primary HNSCC. Results An EGFR-mediated EMT gene signature composed of n = 171 genes was identified in responsive cell lines and transferred to the TCGA-HNSCC cohort. A 5-gene risk score comprising DDIT4, FADD, ITGB4, NCEH1, and TIMP1 prognosticated overall survival (OS) in TCGA and was confirmed in independent HNSCC cohorts. The EGFR-mediated EMT signature was distinct from EMT hallmark and partial EMT (pEMT) meta-programs with a differing enrichment pattern in single malignant cells. Molecular characterization showed that ITGB4 was upregulated in primary tumors and metastases compared to normal mucosa and correlated with EGFR/MAPK activity in tumor bulk and single malignant cells. Preferential localization of ITGB4 together with its ligand laminin 5 at tumor-stroma interfaces correlated with increased tumor budding in primary HNSCC tissue sections. In vitro, ITGB4 knock-down reduced EGFR-mediated migration and invasion and ITGB4-antagonizing antibody ASC8 impaired 2D and 3D invasion. Furthermore, a logistic regression model defined ITGB4 as a predictive marker of progression-free survival in response to Cetuximab in recurrent metastatic HNSCC patients. Conclusions EGFR-mediated EMT conveyed through MAPK activation contributes to HNSCC progression upon induction of migration and invasion. A 5-gene risk score based on a novel EGFR-mediated EMT signature prognosticated survival of HNSCC patients and determined ITGB4 as potential therapeutic and predictive target in patients with strong EGFR-mediated EMT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01646-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Enxian Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Quadt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiefu Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Heuer
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Genduso
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yujing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
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To Explore the Stem Cells Homing to GBM: The Rise to the Occasion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050986. [PMID: 35625723 PMCID: PMC9138893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple efforts are currently underway to develop targeted therapeutic deliveries to the site of glioblastoma progression. The use of carriers represents advancement in the delivery of various therapeutic agents as a new approach in neuro-oncology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are used because of their capability in migrating and delivering therapeutic payloads to tumors. Two of the main properties that carrier cells should possess are their ability to specifically migrate from the bloodstream and low immunogenicity. In this article, we also compared the morphological and molecular features of each type of stem cell that underlie their migration capacity to glioblastoma. Thus, the major focus of the current review is on proteins and lipid molecules that are released by GBM to attract stem cells.
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215355. [PMID: 34771518 PMCID: PMC8582421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common malignancies with considerable morbidity and a high death toll worldwide. Resistance towards multi-modal therapy modalities composed of surgery, irradiation, chemo- and immunotherapy represents a major obstacle in the efficient treatment of HNSCC patients. Patients frequently show nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis and endure early relapses, oftentimes in the form of local recurrences. Differentiation programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allow individual tumor cells to adopt cellular functions that are central to the development of metastases and treatment resistance. In the present review article, the molecular basis and regulation of EMT and its impact on the progression of HNSCC will be addressed. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common tumors with a poor overall prognosis. Poor survival is resulting from limited response to multi-modal therapy, high incidence of metastasis, and local recurrence. Treatment includes surgery, radio(chemo)therapy, and targeted therapy specific for EGFR and immune checkpoint inhibition. The understanding of the molecular basis for the poor outcome of HNSCC was improved using multi-OMICs approaches, which revealed a strong degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) at the level of DNA mutations, transcriptome, and (phospho)proteome. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified RNA-expression signatures related to cell cycle, cell stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). The latter signature was correlated to nodal involvement and adverse clinical features. Mechanistically, shifts towards a mesenchymal phenotype equips tumor cells with migratory and invasive capacities and with an enhanced resistance to standard therapy. Hence, gradual variations of EMT as observed in HNSCC represent a potent driver of tumor progression that could open new paths to improve the stratification of patients and to innovate approaches to break therapy resistance. These aspects of molecular heterogeneity will be discussed in the present review.
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Functional Implications of the Dynamic Regulation of EpCAM during Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070956. [PMID: 34209658 PMCID: PMC8301972 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in epithelial tissues. EpCAM forms intercellular, homophilic adhesions, modulates epithelial junctional protein complex formation, and promotes epithelial tissue homeostasis. EpCAM is a target of molecular therapies and plays a prominent role in tumor biology. In this review, we focus on the dynamic regulation of EpCAM expression during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the functional implications of EpCAM expression on the regulation of EMT. EpCAM is frequently and highly expressed in epithelial cancers, while silenced in mesenchymal cancers. During EMT, EpCAM expression is downregulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and EMT transcription factors, as well as by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The functional impact of EpCAM expression on tumor biology is frequently dependent on the cancer type and predominant oncogenic signaling pathways, suggesting that the role of EpCAM in tumor biology and EMT is multifunctional. Membrane EpCAM is cleaved in cancers and its intracellular domain (EpICD) is transported into the nucleus and binds β-catenin, FHL2, and LEF1. This stimulates gene transcription that promotes growth, cancer stem cell properties, and EMT. EpCAM is also regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and the EpCAM ectoderm (EpEX) is an EGFR ligand that affects EMT. EpCAM is expressed on circulating tumor and cancer stem cells undergoing EMT and modulates metastases and cancer treatment responses. Future research exploring EpCAM’s role in EMT may reveal additional therapeutic opportunities.
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10
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Yu W, Chen K, Ye G, Wang S, Wang P, Li J, Zheng G, Liu W, Lin J, Su Z, Che Y, Ye F, Ma M, Xie Z, Shen H. SNP-adjacent super enhancer network mediates enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in ankylosing spondylitis. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:277-293. [PMID: 33355648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic disease with pathological osteogenesis that causes bony ankylosis and even deformity over time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are the main source of osteoblasts. We previously demonstrated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from AS patients (ASMSCs) is related to pathological osteogenesis in AS. However, the more concrete mechanism needs further exploration. Super enhancers (SEs) are dense clusters of stitched enhancers that control cell identity determination and disease development. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate the formation and interaction of SEs and denote genes accounting for AS susceptibility. Via integrative analysis of multiomic data, including histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), SNPs and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we discovered a transcription network mediated by AS SNP-adjacent SEs (SASEs) in ASMSCs and identified key genes, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), transportin 1 (TNPO1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), which are pivotal in osteogenesis and AS pathogenesis. The SASE-regulated network modulates the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of ASMSCs by synergistically activating the PI3K-Akt, NF-kappaB and Hippo signaling pathways. Our results emphasize the crucial role of the SASE-regulated network in pathological osteogenesis in AS, and the preferential inhibition of ASMSC osteogenic differentiation by JQ1 indicates that SEs may be attractive targets in future treatment for new bone formation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Keng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
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Gires O, Pan M, Schinke H, Canis M, Baeuerle PA. Expression and function of epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM: where are we after 40 years? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:969-987. [PMID: 32507912 PMCID: PMC7497325 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) was discovered four decades ago as a tumor antigen on colorectal carcinomas. Owing to its frequent and high expression on carcinomas and their metastases, EpCAM serves as a prognostic marker, a therapeutic target, and an anchor molecule on circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs), which are considered the major source for metastatic cancer cells. Today, EpCAM is reckoned as a multi-functional transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, stemness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of carcinoma cells. To fulfill these functions, EpCAM is instrumental in intra- and intercellular signaling as a full-length molecule and following regulated intramembrane proteolysis, generating functionally active extra- and intracellular fragments. Intact EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments interact with claudins, CD44, E-cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and intracellular signaling components of the WNT and Ras/Raf pathways, respectively. This plethora of functions contributes to shaping intratumor heterogeneity and partial EMT, which are major determinants of the clinical outcome of carcinoma patients. EpCAM represents a marker for the epithelial status of primary and systemic tumor cells and emerges as a measure for the metastatic capacity of CTCs. Consequentially, EpCAM has reclaimed potential as a prognostic marker and target on primary and systemic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Baeuerle
- Institute for Immunology, LMU Munich, Grosshadernerstr. 9, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
- MPM Capital, Cambridge MA, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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12
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Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T. HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E362. [PMID: 31935816 PMCID: PMC6981681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.P.); (T.R.)
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