1
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He X, Chang Z, Chen F, Zhang W, Sun M, Shi T, Liu J, Chen P, Zhang K, Guan S, Zhao Z, Li M, Dong WF, Shao D, Yang C. Engineering a biomimetic system for hepatocyte-specific RNAi treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:281-296. [PMID: 37951519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) presents great potential against intractable liver diseases. However, the establishment of specific, efficient, and safe delivery systems targeting hepatocytes remains a great challenge. Herein, we described a promising hepatocytes-targeting system through integrating triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-engineered cell membrane with biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which efficiently and safely delivered siRNA to hepatocytes and silenced the target PCSK9 gene expression for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Having optimized the GalNAc-engineering strategy, insertion orders, and cell membrane source, we obtained the best-performing GalNAc-formulations allowing strong hepatocyte-specific internalization with reduced Kupffer cell capture, resulting in robust gene silencing and less hepatotoxicity when compared with cationic lipid-based GalNAc-formulations. Consequently, a durable reduction of lipid accumulation and damage was achieved by systemic administering siRNAs targeting PCSK9 in high-fat diet-fed mice, accompanied by displaying desirable safety profiles. Taken together, this GalNAc-engineering biomimetics represented versatile, efficient, and safe carriers for the development of hepatocyte-specific gene therapeutics, and prevention of metabolic diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to MSN@LP-GN3 (MC3-LNP), MSN@CM-GN3 exhibited strong hepatocyte targeting and Kupffer cell escaping, as well as good biocompatibility for safe and efficient siRNA delivery. Furthermore, siPCSK9 delivered by MSN@CM-GN3 reduced both serum and liver LDL-C, TG, TC levels and lipid droplets in HFD-induced mice, resulting in better performance than MSN/siPCSK9@LP-GN3 in terms of lipid-lowering effect and safety profiles. These findings indicated promising advantages of our biomimetic GN3-based systems for hepatocyte-specific gene delivery in chronic liver diseases. Our work addressed the challenges associated with the lower targeting efficiency of cell membrane-mimetic drug delivery systems and the immunogenicity of traditional GalNAc delivery systems. In conclusion, this study provided an effective and versatile approach for efficient and safe gene editing using ligand-integrated biomimetic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Madi Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Kunbao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Shan Guan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Dan Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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2
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Müller W, Beales PA, Muniz AR, Jeuken LJC. Unraveling the Phase Behavior, Mechanical Stability, and Protein Reconstitution Properties of Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4156-4169. [PMID: 37539954 PMCID: PMC10498451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid vesicles consisting of natural phospholipids and synthetic amphiphilic copolymers have shown remarkable material properties and potential for biotechnology, combining the robustness of polymers with the biocompatibility of phospholipid membranes. To predict and optimize the mixing behavior of lipids and copolymers, as well as understand the interaction between the hybrid membrane and macromolecules like membrane proteins, a comprehensive understanding at the molecular level is essential. This can be achieved by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. Here, simulations of POPC and PBD22-b-PEO14 hybrid membranes are shown, uncovering different copolymer configurations depending on the polymer-to-lipid ratio. High polymer concentrations created thicker membranes with an extended polymer conformation, while high lipid content led to the collapse of the polymer chain. High concentrations of polymer were further correlated with a decreased area compression modulus and altered lateral pressure profiles, hypothesized to result in the experimentally observed improvement in membrane protein reconstitution and resistance toward destabilization by detergents. Finally, simulations of a WALP peptide embedded in the bilayer showed that only membranes with up to 50% polymer content favored a transmembrane configuration. These simulations correlate with previous and new experimental results and provide a deeper understanding of the properties of lipid-copolymer hybrid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner
A. Müller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal
do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paul A. Beales
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - André R. Muniz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal
do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lars J. C. Jeuken
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, University Leiden, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The
Netherlands
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3
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Zou Q, Dong H, Cronan JE. Growth of Enterococcus faecalis ∆ plsX strains is restored by increased saturated fatty acid synthesis. mSphere 2023; 8:e0012023. [PMID: 37289195 PMCID: PMC10449490 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00120-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus faecalis acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphate acyltransferase PlsX plays an important role in phospholipid synthesis and exogenous fatty acid incorporation. Loss of plsX almost completely blocks growth by decreasing de novo phospholipid synthesis, which leads to abnormally long-chain acyl chains in the cell membrane phospholipids. The ∆plsX strain failed to grow without supplementation with an appropriate exogenous fatty acid. Introduction of a ∆fabT mutation into the ∆plsX strain to increase fatty acid synthesis allowed very weak growth. The ∆plsX strain accumulated suppressor mutants. One of these encoded a truncated β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (FabO) which restored normal growth and restored de novo phospholipid acyl chain synthesis by increasing saturated acyl-ACP synthesis. Saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved by a thioesterase to provide free fatty acids for conversion to acyl-phosphates by the FakAB system. The acyl-phosphates are incorporated into position sn1 of the phospholipids by PlsY. We report the tesE gene encodes a thioesterase that can provide free fatty acids. However, we were unable to delete the chromosomal tesE gene to confirm that it is the responsible enzyme. TesE readily cleaves unsaturated acyl-ACPs, whereas saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved much more slowly. Overexpression of an E. faecalis enoyl-ACP reductase either FabK or FabI which results in high levels of saturated fatty acid synthesis also restored the growth of the ∆plsX strain. The ∆plsX strain grew faster in the presence of palmitic acid than in the presence of oleic acid with improvement in phospholipid acyl chain synthesis. Positional analysis of the acyl chain distribution in the phospholipids showed that saturated acyl chains dominate the sn1-position indicating a preference for saturated fatty acids at this position. High-level production of saturated acyl-ACPs is required to offset the marked preference of the TesE thioesterase for unsaturated acyl-ACPs and allow the initiation of phospholipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Huijuan Dong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - John E. Cronan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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4
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Radka CD. Interfacial Enzymes Enable Gram-Positive Microbes to Eat Fatty Acids. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:423. [PMID: 37103850 PMCID: PMC10146087 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous fatty acid (eFA) activation and utilization play key roles in bacterial physiology and confer growth advantages by bypassing the need to make fatty acids for lipid synthesis. In Gram-positive bacteria, eFA activation and utilization is generally carried out by the fatty acid kinase (FakAB) two-component system that converts eFA to acyl phosphate, and the acyl-ACP:phosphate transacylase (PlsX) that catalyzes the reversible conversion of acyl phosphate to acyl-acyl carrier protein. Acyl-acyl carrier protein is a soluble format of the fatty acid that is compatible with cellular metabolic enzymes and can feed multiple processes including the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The combination of FakAB and PlsX enables the bacteria to channel eFA nutrients. These key enzymes are peripheral membrane interfacial proteins that associate with the membrane through amphipathic helices and hydrophobic loops. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and biophysical advances that have established the structural features that drive FakB or PlsX association with the membrane, and how these protein-lipid interactions contribute to enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Radka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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5
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Gupta A, Kallianpur M, Roy DS, Engberg O, Chakrabarty H, Huster D, Maiti S. Different membrane order measurement techniques are not mutually consistent. Biophys J 2023; 122:964-972. [PMID: 36004780 PMCID: PMC10111216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
"Membrane order" is a term commonly used to describe the elastic and mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer, though its exact meaning is somewhat context- and method dependent. These mechanical properties of the membrane control many cellular functions and are measured using various biophysical techniques. Here, we ask if the results obtained from various techniques are mutually consistent. Such consistency cannot be assumed a priori because these techniques probe different spatial locations and different spatial and temporal scales. We evaluate the change of membrane order induced by serotonin using nine different techniques in lipid bilayers of three different compositions. Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter present at 100s of mM concentrations in neurotransmitter vesicles, and therefore its interaction with the lipid bilayer is biologically relevant. Our measurement tools include fluorescence of lipophilic dyes (Nile Red, Laurdan, TMA-DPH, DPH), whose properties are a function of membrane order; atomic force spectroscopy, which provides a measure of the force required to indent the lipid bilayer; 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy, which measures the molecular order of the lipid acyl chain segments; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, which provides a measure of the diffusivity of the probe in the membrane; and Raman spectroscopy, where spectral intensity ratios are affected by acyl chain order. We find that different measures often do not correlate with each other and sometimes even yield conflicting results. We conclude that no probe provides a general measure of membrane order and that any inference based on the change of membrane order measured by a particular probe may be unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Oskar Engberg
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Huster
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India.
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6
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Phospholipid synthesis inside phospholipid membrane vesicles. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1016. [PMID: 36167778 PMCID: PMC9515091 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of living artificial cells from genes and molecules can expand our understanding of life system and establish a new aspect of bioengineering. However, growth and division of cell membrane that are basis of cell proliferation are still difficult to reconstruct because a high-yielding phospholipid synthesis system has not been established. Here, we developed a cell-free phospholipid synthesis system that combines fatty acid synthesis and cell-free gene expression system synthesizing acyltransferases. The synthesized fatty acids were sequentially converted into phosphatidic acids by the cell-free synthesized acyltransferases. Because the system can avoid the accumulation of intermediates inhibiting lipid synthesis, sub-millimolar phospholipids could be synthesized within a single reaction mixture. We also performed phospholipid synthesis inside phospholipid membrane vesicles, which encapsulated all the components, and showed the phospholipids localized onto the mother membrane. Our approach would be a platform for the construction of self-reproducing artificial cells since the membrane can grow sustainably.
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7
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Basso LGM, Zeraik AE, Felizatti AP, Costa-Filho AJ. Membranotropic and biological activities of the membrane fusion peptides from SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein: The importance of the complete internal fusion peptide domain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183697. [PMID: 34274319 PMCID: PMC8280623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion peptides (FP) are prominent hydrophobic segments of viral fusion proteins that play critical roles in viral entry. FPs interact with and insert into the host lipid membranes, triggering conformational changes in the viral protein that leads to the viral-cell fusion. Multiple membrane-active domains from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) spike protein have been reported to act as the functional fusion peptide such as the peptide sequence located between the S1/S2 and S2' cleavage sites (FP1), the S2'-adjacent fusion peptide domain (FP2), and the internal FP sequence (cIFP). Using a combined biophysical approach, we demonstrated that the α-helical coiled-coil-forming internal cIFP displayed the highest membrane fusion and permeabilizing activities along with membrane ordering effect in phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylglycerol (PG) unilamellar vesicles compared to the other two N-proximal fusion peptide counterparts. While the FP1 sequence displayed intermediate membranotropic activities, the well-conserved FP2 peptide was substantially less effective in promoting fusion, leakage, and membrane ordering in PC/PG model membranes. Furthermore, Ca2+ did not enhance the FP2-induced lipid mixing activity in PC/phosphatidylserine/cholesterol lipid membranes, despite its strong erythrocyte membrane perturbation. Nonetheless, we found that the three putative SARS-CoV membrane-active fusion peptide sequences here studied altered the physical properties of model and erythrocyte membranes to different extents. The importance of the distinct membranotropic and biological activities of all SARS-CoV fusion peptide domains and the pronounced effect of the internal fusion peptide sequence to the whole spike-mediated membrane fusion process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guilherme Mansor Basso
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Eliza Zeraik
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Grupo de Biofísica e Biologia Estrutural "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, Centro, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Felizatti
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, Monjolinho, 13565905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Grupo de Biofísica e Biologia Estrutural "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, Centro, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Anso I, Basso LGM, Wang L, Marina A, Páez-Pérez ED, Jäger C, Gavotto F, Tersa M, Perrone S, Contreras FX, Prandi J, Gilleron M, Linster CL, Corzana F, Lowary TL, Trastoy B, Guerin ME. Molecular ruler mechanism and interfacial catalysis of the integral membrane acyltransferase PatA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4565. [PMID: 34652941 PMCID: PMC8519569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids are prominent components of bacterial membranes that play critical roles not only in maintaining the structural integrity of the cell but also in modulating host-pathogen interactions. PatA is an essential acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs), key structural elements and virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance that PatA is an integral membrane acyltransferase tightly anchored to anionic lipid bilayers, using a two-helix structural motif and electrostatic interactions. PatA dictates the acyl chain composition of the glycolipid by using an acyl chain selectivity “ruler.” We established this by a combination of structural biology, enzymatic activity, and binding measurements on chemically synthesized nonhydrolyzable acyl–coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives. We propose an interfacial catalytic mechanism that allows PatA to acylate hydrophobic PIMs anchored in the inner membrane of mycobacteria, through the use of water-soluble acyl-CoA donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Anso
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis G. M. Basso
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alberto Marina
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Edgar D. Páez-Pérez
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Christian Jäger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Floriane Gavotto
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Montse Tersa
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Sebastián Perrone
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F.-Xabier Contreras
- Instituto Biofisika, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jacques Prandi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Gilleron
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole L. Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento Química and Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Rioja, Spain
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Section 2, #128, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Section 4, #1, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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9
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Deshwal A, Maiti S. Macromolecular Crowding Effect on the Activity of Liposome-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase: A Paradoxical Inhibitory Action. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7273-7284. [PMID: 34086469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of a cell is extremely crowded, with 20-30% being large biomolecules. This crowding enforces a significant amount of the physical and chemical barrier around biomolecules, so understanding any biomolecular event within the cellular system is challenging. Unsurprisingly, enzymes show a diverse kind of catalytic behavior inside a crowded environment and thus have remained an area of active interest in the last few decades. The situation can become even more complex and exciting in the case of understanding the behavior of a membrane-bound enzyme (almost 25-30% of enzymes are membrane-bound) in such a crowded environment that until now has remained unexplored. Herein, we have particularly investigated how a membrane-bound enzyme (using liposome-bound alkaline phosphatase) can behave in a crowded environment comprising polymer molecule-like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different weights (PEG400, PEG4000, and PEG9000) and Ficoll 400. We have compared the activity using a polymer microbead conjugated enzyme and have found that liposome-bound alkaline phosphatase had much higher activity in crowded environments, showing the importance and superiority of soft-deformable particles (i.e., vesicles) over hard spheres in macro-molecularly crowded media. Interstingly, we have found a paradoxical behavior of inhibitors in terms of both their extent and pathway of inhibitory action. For instance, phosphates, known as competitive inhibitors in buffer, behave as uncompetitive inhibitors in liposome-bound enzymes in crowded media with an ∼5-fold less inhibitory effect, whereas phenyl alanine (an uncompetitive inhibitor in buffer) did not show any inhibitory potential when the enzyme was membrane-bound and in crowded media containing PEG9000 (30 wt %). Overall, this demonstration elucidates aspects of membrane-bound enzymes in crowded media in terms of both catalytic behavior and inhibitory actions and can lead to further studies of the understanding of enzymatic behavior in such complex crowded environments having a dampening effect in regular diffusive transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Deshwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Department of Chemical Sciences, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Department of Chemical Sciences, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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10
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Gruss A. A FAS solution to a DEAD case. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008842. [PMID: 32730247 PMCID: PMC7392204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gruss
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Sastre DE, Pulschen AA, Basso LGM, Benites Pariente JS, Marques Netto CGC, Machinandiarena F, Albanesi D, Navarro MVAS, de Mendoza D, Gueiros-Filho FJ. The phosphatidic acid pathway enzyme PlsX plays both catalytic and channeling roles in bacterial phospholipid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2148-2159. [PMID: 31919098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PlsX is the first enzyme in the pathway that produces phosphatidic acid in Gram-positive bacteria. It makes acylphosphate from acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) and is also involved in coordinating phospholipid and fatty acid biosyntheses. PlsX is a peripheral membrane enzyme in Bacillus subtilis, but how it associates with the membrane remains largely unknown. In the present study, using fluorescence microscopy, liposome sedimentation, differential scanning calorimetry, and acyltransferase assays, we determined that PlsX binds directly to lipid bilayers and identified its membrane anchoring moiety, consisting of a hydrophobic loop located at the tip of two amphipathic dimerization helices. To establish the role of the membrane association of PlsX in acylphosphate synthesis and in the flux through the phosphatidic acid pathway, we then created mutations and gene fusions that prevent PlsX's interaction with the membrane. Interestingly, phospholipid synthesis was severely hampered in cells in which PlsX was detached from the membrane, and results from metabolic labeling indicated that these cells accumulated free fatty acids. Because the same mutations did not affect PlsX transacylase activity, we conclude that membrane association is required for the proper delivery of PlsX's product to PlsY, the next enzyme in the phosphatidic acid pathway. We conclude that PlsX plays a dual role in phospholipid synthesis, acting both as a catalyst and as a chaperone protein that mediates substrate channeling into the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Sastre
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sergio Mascarenhas," Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Biofísica Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - André A Pulschen
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luis G M Basso
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Federico Machinandiarena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Daniela Albanesi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Marcos V A S Navarro
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sergio Mascarenhas," Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Biofísica Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Diego de Mendoza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe S2002LRK, Argentina.
| | - Frederico J Gueiros-Filho
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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