1
|
Eachus H, Choi MK, Tochwin A, Kaspareit J, Ho M, Ryu S. Elevated glucocorticoid alters the developmental dynamics of hypothalamic neurogenesis in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2024; 7:416. [PMID: 38580727 PMCID: PMC10997759 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to excess glucocorticoid (GC) during early development is implicated in adult dysfunctions. Reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a well-known consequence of exposure to early life stress or elevated GC, however the effects on neurogenesis during development and effects on other brain regions are not well understood. Using an optogenetic zebrafish model, here we analyse the effects of GC exposure on neurogenesis during development in the whole brain. We identify that the hypothalamus is a highly GC-sensitive region where elevated GC causes precocious development. This is followed by failed maturation and early decline accompanied by impaired feeding, growth, and survival. In GC-exposed animals, the developmental trajectory of hypothalamic progenitor cells is strikingly altered, potentially mediated by direct regulation of transcription factors such as rx3 by GC. Our data provide cellular and molecular level insight into GC-induced alteration of the hypothalamic developmental trajectory, a process crucial for health across the life-course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment & Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Min-Kyeung Choi
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Anna Tochwin
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Johanna Kaspareit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - May Ho
- Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eachus H, Ryu S. Glucocorticoid effects on the brain: from adaptive developmental plasticity to allostatic overload. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246128. [PMID: 38449327 PMCID: PMC10949071 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to stress during early life may alter the developmental trajectory of an animal by a mechanism known as adaptive plasticity. For example, to enhance reproductive success in an adverse environment, it is known that animals accelerate their growth during development. However, these short-term fitness benefits are often associated with reduced longevity, a phenomenon known as the growth rate-lifespan trade-off. In humans, early life stress exposure compromises health later in life and increases disease susceptibility. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are major stress hormones implicated in these processes. This Review discusses the evidence for GC-mediated adaptive plasticity in development, leading to allostatic overload in later life. We focus on GC-induced effects on brain structure and function, including neurogenesis; highlight the need for longitudinal studies; and discuss approaches to identify molecular mechanisms mediating GC-induced alteration of the brain developmental trajectory leading to adult dysfunctions. Further understanding of how stress and GC exposure can alter developmental trajectories at the molecular and cellular level is of critical importance to reduce the burden of mental and physical ill health across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute & Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Minegishi M, Kuchimaru T, Nishikawa K, Isagawa T, Iwano S, Iida K, Hara H, Miura S, Sato M, Watanabe S, Shiomi A, Mabuchi Y, Hamana H, Kishi H, Sato T, Sawaki D, Sato S, Hanazono Y, Suzuki A, Kohro T, Kadonosono T, Shimogori T, Miyawaki A, Takeda N, Shintaku H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Nishimura S. Secretory GFP reconstitution labeling of neighboring cells interrogates cell-cell interactions in metastatic niches. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8031. [PMID: 38052804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells inevitably interact with neighboring host tissue-resident cells during the process of metastatic colonization, establishing a metastatic niche to fuel their survival, growth, and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms in the metastatic niche are yet to be fully elucidated owing to the lack of methodologies for comprehensively studying the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in the niche. Here, we improve a split green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded system to develop secretory glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored reconstitution-activated proteins to highlight intercellular connections (sGRAPHIC) for efficient fluorescent labeling of tissue-resident cells that neighbor on and putatively interact with cancer cells in deep tissues. The sGRAPHIC system enables the isolation of metastatic niche-associated tissue-resident cells for their characterization using a single-cell RNA sequencing platform. We use this sGRAPHIC-leveraged transcriptomic platform to uncover gene expression patterns in metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes in a murine model of liver metastasis. Among the marker genes of metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes, we identify Lgals3, encoding galectin-3, as a potential pro-metastatic factor that accelerates metastatic growth and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Minegishi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miura
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- MediGear International Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiko Takeda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akin S, Gucuk-Ipek E, Hayta U, Gungor I, Kubat GB, Akin Y, Guray U, Demirel HA. Long-term Dexamethasone Treatment Increases Cardiac Galectin-3 Levels. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1027-1029. [PMID: 35554772 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids, which are widely prescribed around the world, cause cardiac remodeling in long-term treatment by triggering insulin resistance and increasing blood pressure. However, its role in cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a member of a beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins, upregulated as a result of insulin resistance and in the pressure-overloaded myocardium and regulate cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that gal-3 may be upregulated in the myocardium with prolonged use of glucocorticoids and associated with cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS To examine the involvement of glucocorticoids in gal-3 levels in rat myocardium, sixteen female Wistar Albino rats were assigned to control (C; n = 8) and dexamethasone (Dex; n = 8) groups. Daily dexamethasone was injected subcutaneously for 28 days at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1. Control animals were injected with the same volume of saline. The body weight and heart weights were determined. Gal-3 levels in myocardium were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Our data shows that dexamethasone administration resulted in significant increase in heart weight (p < 0.05) and HW/BW ratios (p < 0.001) and 28 days of dexamethasone administration with the dose of 1 mg.kg-1 caused a twofold increase in the gal-3 expression in the left ventricle (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The finding of the current study is the first to show that dexamethasone causes an increase in gal-3 levels in myocardium. Our study provides an important step in the development of possible therapeutics by determining that dexamethasone causes an increase in gal-3 levels in the myocardium and raises awareness about the follow-up of patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Gucuk-Ipek
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Umit Hayta
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Gungor
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Karabuk University School of Medicine, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Umit Guray
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akin S, Demirel HA. Reply to the Letter to the Editor Titled "The Effects of Dexamethasone on Cardiovascular Disease: Friend or Foe?" by Han et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:845-846. [PMID: 35986792 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mackinnon AC, Tonev D, Jacoby B, Pinzani M, Slack RJ. Galectin-3: therapeutic targeting in liver disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:779-791. [PMID: 37705214 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2258280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rising incidence of liver diseases is a worldwide healthcare concern. However, the therapeutic options to manage chronic inflammation and fibrosis, the processes at the basis of morbidity and mortality of liver diseases, are very limited. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a protein implicated in fibrosis in multiple organs. Several Gal-3 inhibitors are currently in clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review describes our current understanding of the role of Gal-3 in chronic liver diseases, with special emphasis on fibrosis. Also, we review therapeutic advances based on Gal-3 inhibition, describing drug properties and their current status in clinical research. EXPERT OPINION Currently, the known effects of Gal-3 point to a direct activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to its activation in liver macrophages and activated macrophages play a key role in tissue fibrogenesis. However, more research is needed to elucidate the role of Gal-3 in the different activation pathways, dissecting the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of Gal-3, and its role in pathogenesis. Gal-3 could be a target for early therapy of numerous hepatic diseases and, given the lack of therapeutic options for liver fibrosis, there is a strong pharmacologic potential for Gal-3-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitar Tonev
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Jacoby
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Slack
- Galecto Biotech AB, Cobis Science Park, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li H, Cao Z, Wang L, Li J, Cheng X, Tang Y, Xing M, Yao P. Chronic high-fat diet induces galectin-3 and TLR4 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in NASH. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109217. [PMID: 36402251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation triggers inflammation progression in some metabolism disorders, frequently accompanying the up-regulation of galectin-3 (Gal-3). However, the precise mechanisms of Gal-3 activating NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, male C57BL/6J mice were fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 32 weeks to induce NASH and then the hepatic damage, cytokines, Gal-3 and TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were examined. Such indicators were similarly determined when HepG2 cells were co-incubated with palmitic acid (PA, 200 μM), β-lactose, and TAK-242, or pre-transfected with TLR4. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation were conducted to confirm the potential interaction between Gal-3 and TLR4. To further identify the inflammatory regulation roles of Gal-3 and its terminals in TLR4/NLRP3, HepG2 cells were transfected with Gal-3 and its variants. Chronic HFD induced sustained hepatic steatosis and inflammatory injury, with increased inflammatory cytokines, Gal-3 and TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Similar changes were found in PA-dosed HepG2 cells, which were rescued by β-lactose but deteriorated with TLR4 overexpression. However, TAK-242 treatment decreased AST, ALT, cytokines, and normalized NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC expression. Furthermore, TLR4 was pulled down when Gal-3 was enriched. Only full-length Gal-3 and its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) promoted cytokines, TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, gal-3 may induce chronic HFD-derived NASH progression by activating TLR4-mediating NLRP3 inflammasome via its CRD, which sheds new light on candidate target for the treatment and prevention of NASH inflammation despite further research for its precise roles in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueer Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyou Xing
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Li J, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Yu X, Zheng J. The Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in the Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients and Those Compromised With COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:666054. [PMID: 34109213 PMCID: PMC8180910 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.666054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 is characterized by all age susceptibility, which imposes a dramatic threat to the human species all over the world. According to current available data, the cytokine storm appears to be the most life-threatening symptom of severe COVID-19 cases accompanied with lung fibrosis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin families, has been implicated as a key regulator in various inflammation conditions in addition to its well-documented roles in cancer. The pro-inflammatory activity of Gal-3 in the inflammatory response and lung fibrosis of COVID-19 has been proposed by emerging studies, which suggested that inhibition of Gal-3 may represent a novel treatment approach for COVID-19 patients. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. ICC accounts for 10-25% of primary liver cancers with limited therapeutic options, which has higher incidence in Asian countries, particularly in China. Cancer patients, including ICC patients, are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their impaired immune system. It is thus undoubtedly a challenge for our oncology department to establish effective treatment strategies under the influence of the COVID-19 crisis. According to our management procedures in the COVID-19 era, emergency treatment will be applied to ICC patients who are under life-threatening conditions, despite the COVID-19 infection. To the best of our knowledge, the modulatory function of Gal-3 in ICC is still barely explored to date. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Gal-3 for ICC patients or those comprised with COVID-19, we herein report our preliminary investigation into roles of Gal-3 in ICC. Our results exhibited that the expression of Gal-3 was significantly up-regulated in ICC tissues, and a significant correlation was observed between its overexpression and malignant progression of ICC cells. We further discussed the activity and possible molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in ICC, which may pave the ways for further exploring the possibility of Gal-3 as a potential therapeutic target for treating ICC patients or those with COVID-19-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Biliary Tract Surgery Laboratory, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medical Administration, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Srejovic IM, Lukic ML. Galectin-3 in T cell-mediated immunopathology and autoimmunity. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:57-67. [PMID: 33753135 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only member of galectin family able to form pentamers and heterodimers with chemokines. Its presence in various cells and tissues suggests variety of regulatory functions in physiological conditions, but increasing body of evidence indicates involvement of Gal-3 in pathological cascades of many diseases. Gal-3 exerts different, sometimes opposite, effects in various disorders or in different phases of the same disease. These differences in action of Gal-3 are related to the localization of Gal-3 in the cell, types of receptors through which it acts, or the types of cells that secrete it. As a regulator of immune response and T-cell activity, Gal-3 appears to have important role in development of autoimmunity mediated by T cells. Absence of Gal-3 in C57Bl6 mice favors Th2 mediated inflammatory myocarditis but attenuate fibrosis. Recent data also indicate Gal-3 involvement in development atherosclerosis. In pathogenesis of diabetes type 1 and autoimmune components of diabetes type 2 Gal-3 may have detrimental or protective role depending on its intracellular or extracellular localization. Gal-3 mediates autoimmune hepatic damage through activation of T-cells or natural killer T cells. Gal-3 is an important mediator in neurodevelopment, neuropathology and behavior due to its expression both in neurons and glial cells. All together, assessing the role of Gal-3 in immunopathology and autoimmunity it could be concluded that it is an important participant in pathogenesis, as well as promising monitoring marker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia; University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akin S, Kubat GB, Guray U, Akin Y, Demirel HA. Possible value of galectin-3 on follow-up of cardiac remodeling during glucocorticoid treatment. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22717. [PMID: 33484019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long-term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease in glucose utilization by developing pathological cardiac remodeling. However, in this process, cardiac fibrosis formation and deterioration in heart structure and functions occur. Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside binding lectins, is consistently associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of various disease states including insulin resistance and heart failure. Galectin-3 expression is markedly increased in activated macrophages and a subset of activated fibroblasts and vascular cells. Also, failing and remodeling myocardium show increased Gal-3 expression and elevated Gal-3 levels are related to heart failure severity and prognosis. Furthermore, Gal-3-related pathways are recently suggested as therapeutic targets both pharmacologically and genetically to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the role of glucocorticoid-associated insulin resistance, which is important for some cardiac events, and the potential role of galectin in this pathophysiological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan B Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit Guray
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|