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Kose C, Cao X, Dewey EB, Malkoç M, Adebali O, Sekelsky J, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Sancar A. Cross-species investigation into the requirement of XPA for nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:677-689. [PMID: 37994737 PMCID: PMC10810185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After reconstitution of nucleotide excision repair (excision repair) with XPA, RPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPF-ERCC1 and XPG, it was concluded that these six factors are the minimal essential components of the excision repair machinery. All six factors are highly conserved across diverse organisms spanning yeast to humans, yet no identifiable homolog of the XPA gene exists in many eukaryotes including green plants. Nevertheless, excision repair is reported to be robust in the XPA-lacking organism, Arabidopsis thaliana, which raises a fundamental question of whether excision repair could occur without XPA in other organisms. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of XPA across all species with annotated genomes and then quantitatively measured excision repair in the absence of XPA using the sensitive whole-genome qXR-Seq method in human cell lines and two model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. We find that although the absence of XPA results in inefficient excision repair and UV-sensitivity in humans, flies, and worms, excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage is detectable over background. These studies have yielded a significant discovery regarding the evolution of XPA protein and its mechanistic role in nucleotide excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kose
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xuemei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Evan B Dewey
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Malkoç
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ogün Adebali
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Computational Science-Biological Sciences, TÜBITAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, Gebze, Türkiye
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A Lindsey-Boltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Slyskova J, Muniesa-Vargas A, da Silva I, Drummond R, Park J, Häckes D, Poetsch I, Ribeiro-Silva C, Moretton A, Heffeter P, Schärer O, Vermeulen W, Lans H, Loizou J. Detection of oxaliplatin- and cisplatin-DNA lesions requires different global genome repair mechanisms that affect their clinical efficacy. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad057. [PMID: 38058548 PMCID: PMC10696645 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin and oxaliplatin depends on the balance between the DNA damage induction and the DNA damage response of tumor cells. Based on clinical evidence, oxaliplatin is administered to cisplatin-unresponsive cancers, but the underlying molecular causes for this tumor specificity are not clear. Hence, stratification of patients based on DNA repair profiling is not sufficiently utilized for treatment selection. Using a combination of genetic, transcriptomics and imaging approaches, we identified factors that promote global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) of DNA-platinum adducts induced by oxaliplatin, but not by cisplatin. We show that oxaliplatin-DNA lesions are a poor substrate for GG-NER initiating factor XPC and that DDB2 and HMGA2 are required for efficient binding of XPC to oxaliplatin lesions and subsequent GG-NER initiation. Loss of DDB2 and HMGA2 therefore leads to hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin but not to cisplatin. As a result, low DDB2 levels in different colon cancer cells are associated with GG-NER deficiency and oxaliplatin hypersensitivity. Finally, we show that colon cancer patients with low DDB2 levels have a better prognosis after oxaliplatin treatment than patients with high DDB2 expression. We therefore propose that DDB2 is a promising predictive marker of oxaliplatin treatment efficiency in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Slyskova
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alba Muniesa-Vargas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Israel Tojal da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Drummond
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - David Häckes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amandine Moretton
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Wang YJ, Xie XL, Liu HQ, Tian H, Jiang XY, Zhang JN, Chen SX, Liu T, Wang SL, Zhou X, Jin XX, Liu SM, Jiang HQ. Prostaglandin F 2α synthase promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through prostaglandin F 2α-dependent and F 2α-independent mechanism. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5452-5470. [PMID: 37900995 PMCID: PMC10600807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i39.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin (Oxa) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure. Prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGF2α) (PGFS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of PGF2α, is involved in the proliferation and growth of a variety of tumors. However, the role of PGFS in Oxa resistance in CRC remains unclear. AIM To explore the role and related mechanisms of PGFS in mediating Oxa resistance in CRC. METHODS The PGFS expression level was examined in 37 pairs of CRC tissues and paracancerous tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression or knockdown of PGFS was performed in CRC cell lines with acquired Oxa resistance (HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR) and their parental cell lines (HCT116 and HCT8) to assess its influence on cell proliferation, chemoresistance, apoptosis, and DNA damage. For determination of the underlying mechanisms, CRC cells were examined for platinum-DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the presence of a PGFS inhibitor or its products. RESULTS Both the protein and mRNA levels of PGFS were increased in the 37 examined CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Oxa induced PGFS expression in the parental HCT116 and HCT8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of PGFS in parental CRC cells significantly attenuated Oxa-induced proliferative suppression, apoptosis, and DNA damage. In contrast, knockdown of PGFS in Oxa-resistant HCT116 and HCT8 cells (HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR) accentuated the effect of Oxa treatment in vitro and in vivo. The addition of the PGFS inhibitor indomethacin enhanced the cytotoxicity caused by Oxa. Treatment with the PGFS-catalyzed product PGF2α reversed the effect of PGFS knockdown on Oxa sensitivity. Interestingly, PGFS inhibited the formation of platinum-DNA adducts in a PGF2α-independent manner. PGF2α exerts its protective effect against DNA damage by reducing ROS levels. CONCLUSION PGFS promotes resistance to Oxa in CRC via both PGF2α-dependent and PGF2α-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong-Qun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary T1W0K6, Canada
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiu-Na Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Mao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Youfu Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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4
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Yu Z, Spiegel J, Melidis L, Hui WWI, Zhang X, Radzevičius A, Balasubramanian S. Chem-map profiles drug binding to chromatin in cells. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1265-1271. [PMID: 36690761 PMCID: PMC10497411 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing drug-target engagement is essential to understand how small molecules influence cellular functions. Here we present Chem-map for in situ mapping of small molecules that interact with DNA or chromatin-associated proteins, utilizing small-molecule-directed transposase Tn5 tagmentation. We demonstrate Chem-map for three distinct drug-binding modalities as follows: molecules that target a chromatin protein, a DNA secondary structure or that intercalate in DNA. We map the BET bromodomain protein-binding inhibitor JQ1 and provide interaction maps for DNA G-quadruplex structure-binding molecules PDS and PhenDC3. Moreover, we determine the binding sites of the widely used anticancer drug doxorubicin in human leukemia cells; using the Chem-map of doxorubicin in cells exposed to the histone deacetylase inhibitor tucidinostat reveals the potential clinical advantages of this combination therapy. In situ mapping with Chem-map of small-molecule interactions with DNA and chromatin proteins provides insights that will enhance understanding of genome and chromatin function and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zutao Yu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jochen Spiegel
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Larry Melidis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winnie W I Hui
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antanas Radzevičius
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Lindsey-Boltz LA, Yang Y, Kose C, Deger N, Eynullazada K, Kawara H, Sancar A. Nucleotide excision repair in Human cell lines lacking both XPC and CSB proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6238-6245. [PMID: 37144462 PMCID: PMC10325923 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair removes UV-induced DNA damage through two distinct sub-pathways, global repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Numerous studies have shown that in human and other mammalian cell lines that the XPC protein is required for repair of DNA damage from nontranscribed DNA via global repair and the CSB protein is required for repair of lesions from transcribed DNA via TCR. Therefore, it is generally assumed that abrogating both sub-pathways with an XPC-/-/CSB-/- double mutant would eliminate all nucleotide excision repair. Here we describe the construction of three different XPC-/-/CSB-/- human cell lines that, contrary to expectations, perform TCR. The XPC and CSB genes were mutated in cell lines derived from Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients as well as from normal human fibroblasts and repair was analyzed at the whole genome level using the very sensitive XR-seq method. As predicted, XPC-/- cells exhibited only TCR and CSB-/- cells exhibited only global repair. However, the XPC-/-/CSB-/- double mutant cell lines, although having greatly reduced repair, exhibited TCR. Mutating the CSA gene to generate a triple mutant XPC-/-/CSB-/-/CSA-/- cell line eliminated all residual TCR activity. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanistic features of mammalian nucleotide excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Lindsey-Boltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cansu Kose
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nazli Deger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Khagani Eynullazada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kawara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Quan B, Bailey MA, Mantyh J, Hsu DS, Fitzgerald MC. Protein Folding Stability Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Chemoresistance Identifies Functionally Relevant Biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1923-1935. [PMID: 37126456 PMCID: PMC10441206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the application of three protein folding stability profiling techniques (including the stability of proteins from rates of oxidation, thermal protein profiling, and limited proteolysis approaches) to identify differentially stabilized proteins in six patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with different oxaliplatin sensitivities and eight CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) derived from two of the patient derived cell lines with different oxaliplatin sensitivities. Compared to conventional protein expression level analyses, which were also performed here, the stability profiling techniques identified both unique and novel proteins and cellular components that differentiated the sensitive and resistant samples including 36 proteins that were differentially stabilized in at least two techniques in both the cell line and PDX studies of oxaliplatin resistance. These 36 differentially stabilized proteins included 10 proteins previously connected to cancer chemoresistance. Two differentially stabilized proteins, fatty acid synthase and elongation factor 2, were functionally validated in vitro and found to be druggable protein targets with biological functions that can be modulated to improve the efficacy of CRC chemotherapy. These results add to our understanding of CRC oxaliplatin resistance, suggest biomarker candidates for predicting oxaliplatin sensitivity in CRC, and inform new strategies for overcoming chemoresistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346
| | | | - John Mantyh
- Deparment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - David S. Hsu
- Deparment of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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7
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Kesar U, Markelc B, Jesenko T, Ursic Valentinuzzi K, Cemazar M, Strojan P, Sersa G. Effects of Electrochemotherapy on Immunologically Important Modifications in Tumor Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050925. [PMID: 37243029 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a clinically acknowledged method that combines the use of anticancer drugs and electrical pulses. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin (BLM) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in certain settings. However, whether this is ubiquitous over different cancer types and for other clinically relevant chemotherapeutics used with electrochemotherapy is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro in the B16-F10, 4T1 and CT26 murine tumor cell lines, the electrochemotherapy triggered changes in the ICD-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): Calreticulin (CRT), ATP, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), and four immunologically important cellular markers: MHCI, MHC II, PD-L1 and CD40. The changes in these markers were investigated in time up to 48 h after ECT. We showed that electrochemotherapy with all three tested chemotherapeutics induced ICD-associated DAMPs, but the induced DAMP signature was cell line and chemotherapeutic concentration specific. Similarly, electrochemotherapy with CDDP, OXA or BLM modified the expression of MHC I, MHC II, PD-L1 and CD40. The potential of electrochemotherapy to change their expression was also cell line and chemotherapeutic concentration specific. Our results thus put the electrochemotherapy with clinically relevant chemotherapeutics CDDP, OXA and BLM on the map of ICD inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Kesar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Primoz Strojan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Takata T. Is the Novel Slot Blot a Useful Method for Quantification of Intracellular Advanced Glycation End-Products? Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040564. [PMID: 37110222 PMCID: PMC10144988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been identified and studied. I have reported a novel slot blot analysis to quantify two types of AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, also called toxic AGEs (TAGE), and 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose AGEs. The traditional slot blot method has been used for the detection and quantification of RNA, DNA, and proteins since around 1980 and is one of the more commonly used analog technologies to date. However, the novel slot blot analysis has been used to quantify AGEs from 2017 to 2022. Its characteristics include (i) use of a lysis buffer containing tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, urea, thiourea, and 3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)-dimetyl-ammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (a lysis buffer with a composition similar to that used in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics analysis); (ii) probing of AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (e.g., standard AGE aliquots); and (iii) use of polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. In this review, the previously used quantification methods of slot blot, western blot, immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-MS, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS are described. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel slot blot compared to the above methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
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9
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Aberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061735. [PMID: 36980621 PMCID: PMC10046046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, accounting for nearly ~10% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths. Current therapeutic approaches have considerably increased survival for patients diagnosed at early stages; however, ~20% of CRC patients are diagnosed with late-stage, metastatic CRC, where 5-year survival rates drop to 6–13% and treatment options are limited. Genome instability is an enabling hallmark of cancer that confers increased acquisition of genetic alterations, mutations, copy number variations and chromosomal rearrangements. In that regard, research has shown a clear association between genome instability and CRC, as the accumulation of aberrations in cancer-related genes provides subpopulations of cells with several advantages, such as increased proliferation rates, metastatic potential and therapeutic resistance. Although numerous genes have been associated with CRC, few have been validated as predictive biomarkers of metastasis or therapeutic resistance. A growing body of evidence suggests a member of the High-Mobility Group A (HMGA) gene family, HMGA2, is a potential biomarker of metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. HMGA2 is expressed in embryonic tissues and is frequently upregulated in aggressively growing cancers, including CRC. As an architectural, non-histone chromatin binding factor, it initiates chromatin decompaction to facilitate transcriptional regulation. HMGA2 maintains the capacity for stem cell renewal in embryonic and cancer tissues and is a known promoter of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. This review will focus on the known molecular mechanisms by which HMGA2 exerts genome protective functions that contribute to cancer cell survival and chemoresistance in CRC.
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10
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La T, Chen S, Zhao XH, Zhou S, Xu R, Teng L, Zhang YY, Ye K, Xu L, Guo T, Jamaluddin MF, Feng YC, Tang HJ, Wang Y, Xu Q, Gu Y, Cao H, Liu T, Thorne RF, Shao F, Zhang XD, Jin L. LncRNA LIMp27 Regulates the DNA Damage Response through p27 in p53-Defective Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204599. [PMID: 36638271 PMCID: PMC9982580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
P53 inactivation occurs in about 50% of human cancers, where p53-driven p21 activity is devoid and p27 becomes essential for the establishment of the G1/S checkpoint upon DNA damage. Here, this work shows that the E2F1-responsive lncRNA LIMp27 selectively represses p27 expression and contributes to proliferation, tumorigenicity, and treatment resistance in p53-defective colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. LIMp27 competes with p27 mRNA for binding to cytoplasmically localized hnRNA0, which otherwise stabilizes p27 mRNA leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In response to DNA damage, LIMp27 is upregulated in both wild-type and p53-mutant COAD cells, whereas cytoplasmic hnRNPA0 is only increased in p53-mutant COAD cells due to translocation from the nucleus. Moreover, high LIMp27 expression is associated with poor survival of p53-mutant but not wild-type p53 COAD patients. These results uncover an lncRNA mechanism that promotes p53-defective cancer pathogenesis and suggest that LIMp27 may constitute a target for the treatment of such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting La
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710004China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhao
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Ran Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Liu Teng
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Kaihong Ye
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Liang Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Future AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Muhammad Fairuz Jamaluddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yu Chen Feng
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Hai Jie Tang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical ResearchUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2750Australia
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Feng‐Min Shao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
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Luo M, Ji J, Yang K, Li H, Kang L. The role of autophagy in the treatment of colon cancer by chlorin e6 photodynamic therapy combined with oxaliplatin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103082. [PMID: 36028170 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a tumour treatment method. Its mechanism mainly induces apoptosis, autophagy, and other ways to cause cell death. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of chlorine e6 photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) combined with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in colon cancer and to investigate the role of autophagy in L-OHP treatment and Ce6-PDT combined with L-OHP in colon cancer. METHODS CCK-8 assay, Scratch wound healing assay, and Western Blot (WB) were used to identify drug-resistant colon cancer cell line SW620/L-OHP. Annexin V/FITC assay, laser confocal double immunofluorescence staining method and WB were employed to investigate the apoptosis and autophagy changes in Ce6-PDT combined with L-OHP. RESULTS Drug resistance cells SW620/L-OHP were developed under the continuous multi-generation of L-OHP treatment, and the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and ATG5 proteins were increased. The results of immunofluorescence showed that LC3B accumulated in SW620 cells and SW620/L-OHP cells under the treatment of L-OHP. The WB results indicated that LC3B and ATG5 protein expression was increasing in SW620 cells and SW620/L-OHP cells. Inhibition of L-OHP-induced autophagy reduces SW620 cells and SW620/L-OHP cells' viability while increasing apoptosis and the Pro Caspase-3 protein expression. The combination of Ce6-PDT and L-OHP decreased the cell viability, the cell migration ability, the Bcl-2 protein expression, and increased the apoptosis rate, Pro Caspase-3 protein expression in SW620 cells. CONCLUSIONS L-OHP can cause SW620 cells drug resistance. Autophagy plays a protective role in the L-OHP treatment of SW620 cells and SW620/L-OHP cells, and inhibition of autophagy can increase the efficacy of L-OHP. Ce6-PDT combined with L-OHP can further improve the tumor's therapeutic effect, and autophagy inhibition can improve the efficacy of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Luo
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No 567, SHangde North Road, SHuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiayin Ji
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No 567, SHangde North Road, SHuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang, China
| | - Kaizhen Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No 567, SHangde North Road, SHuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang, China
| | - Ling Kang
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No 567, SHangde North Road, SHuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang, China.
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13
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Zazzera A, Ferrara L, Tozzi VD. Care transition for complex patients: a framework to analyse and develop the Operating Centres for Transition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jica-05-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeTransitional care (TC) models emerged to ensure healthcare coordination and continuity, as at-risk patients transfer between different settings or different levels of care within the same setting. TC models have been developed in many countries as well as within different healthcare service delivery models and organizations. This paper aims to focus on a TC model developed in Italy called Operating Centre for Transition (OCT), in order to (1) explore its distinctive features by establishing a framework of analysis, (2) apply the framework to study two OCTs and (3) provide recommendations on how to use the framework to evaluate and develop new OCTs in the future.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a grounded theory method to develop and validate the framework of analysis. The authors employed several qualitative methods following four iterative and recursive steps: (1) desk analysis of relevant documents, (2) in-depth interviews to key informants, (3) three meetings of an expert working group and (4) application of the framework to two case studies.FindingsThe framework of analysis identifies three core dimensions that are always present in any OCT: the service model, the functions and the organizational features. Moreover, for every dimension several variables that capture and understand OCTs’ nature, role and development level are identified.Originality/valueThe results of the study highlight the key elements of the OCT model in Italy and show that the proposed framework can be useful both to analyse existing OCTs and to support health managers and policy makers to create new OCTs or develop those already active.
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Yang Y, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Vaughn CM, Selby CP, Cao X, Liu Z, Hsu DS, Sancar A. Circadian clock, carcinogenesis, chronochemotherapy connections. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101068. [PMID: 34375638 PMCID: PMC8403766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock controls the expression of nearly 50% of protein coding genes in mice and most likely in humans as well. Therefore, disruption of the circadian clock is presumed to have serious pathological effects including cancer. However, epidemiological studies on individuals with circadian disruption because of night shift or rotating shift work have produced contradictory data not conducive to scientific consensus as to whether circadian disruption increases the incidence of breast, ovarian, prostate, or colorectal cancers. Similarly, genetically engineered mice with clock disruption do not exhibit spontaneous or radiation-induced cancers at higher incidence than wild-type controls. Because many cellular functions including the cell cycle and cell division are, at least in part, controlled by the molecular clock components (CLOCK, BMAL1, CRYs, PERs), it has also been expected that appropriate timing of chemotherapy may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and ameliorate their side effect. However, empirical attempts at chronochemotherapy have not produced beneficial outcomes. Using mice without and with human tumor xenografts, sites of DNA damage and repair following treatment with the anticancer drug cisplatin have been mapped genome-wide at single nucleotide resolution and as a function of circadian time. The data indicate that mechanism-based studies such as these may provide information necessary for devising rational chronochemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura A Lindsey-Boltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney M Vaughn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher P Selby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xuemei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David S Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Geospatial Assessments of DNA Adducts in the Human Stomach: A Model of Field Cancerization. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153728. [PMID: 34359626 PMCID: PMC8345122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field cancerization is a popular concept regarding where cancer cells arise in a plane, such as the opened-up gastrointestinal mucosa. The geospatial distribution of DNA adducts, some of which are believed to initiate mutation, may be a clue to understanding the landscape of the preferred occurrence of gastric cancer in the human stomach, such that the occurrence is much more frequent in the lesser curvature than in the greater curvature. METHODS Seven DNA adducts, C5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxyinosine, C5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine, N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine, N6-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, and C8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, from different points and zones of the human stomach were semi quantitatively measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The differences in the quantity of these DNA adducts from the lesser and greater curvature, the upper, middle and lower third zones, the anterior and posterior wall of the stomach, and the mucosae distant from and near the tumor were compared to determine whether the location preference of cancer in the stomach could be explained by the distribution of these DNA adducts. Comparisons were conducted considering the tumor locations and operation methods. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the DNA adducts investigated, significant differences in quantities and locations in the whole stomach were not noted; thus, these DNA adducts do not explain the preferential occurrence of cancer in particular locations of the human stomach.
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Genomic Characterization of Cisplatin Response Uncovers Priming of Cisplatin-Induced Genes in a Resistant Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115814. [PMID: 34071702 PMCID: PMC8198185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA. In human cells, this damage is repaired primarily by nucleotide excision repair. While cisplatin is generally effective, many cancers exhibit initial or acquired resistance to it. Here, we studied cisplatin resistance in a defined cell line system. We conducted a comprehensive genomic characterization of the cisplatin-sensitive A2780 ovarian cancer cell line compared to A2780cis, its resistant derivative. The resistant cells acquired less damage, but had similar repair kinetics. Genome-wide mapping of nucleotide excision repair showed a shift in the resistant cells from global genome towards transcription-coupled repair. By mapping gene expression changes following cisplatin treatment, we identified 56 upregulated genes that have higher basal expression in the resistant cell line, suggesting they are primed for a cisplatin response. More than half of these genes are novel to cisplatin- or damage-response. Six out of seven primed genes tested were upregulated in response to cisplatin in additional cell lines, making them attractive candidates for future investigation. These novel candidates for cisplatin resistance could prove to be important prognostic markers or targets for tailored combined therapy in the future.
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Azar MRMH, Aghazadeh H, Mohammed HN, Sara MRS, Hosseini A, Shomali N, Tamjidifar R, Tarzi S, Mansouri M, Sarand SP, Marofi F, Akbari M, Xu H, Shotorbani SS. miR-193a-5p as a promising therapeutic candidate in colorectal cancer by reducing 5-FU and Oxaliplatin chemoresistance by targeting CXCR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107355. [PMID: 33429333 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) as small (19-25 nucleotides in length) non-coding RNA molecules that modify gene expression has been shown in several types of cancer. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (Ox) are two common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-193a-5p in CRC, and its effect on the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) target gene alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, to determine its possible role in chemoresistance. CRC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissue were obtained from 67 patients who had undergone surgery to determine the expression levels of miR-193a-5p and CXCR4. Subsequently, qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the effect of miR-193a-5p and chemotherapy drugs on CXCR4. َAlso, MTT assay, and flow cytometry was performed to determine their role in cell viability and apoptosis. Besides, the relationship between miR-193a-5p and CXCR4 with patients' clinical features was investigated. The results of the present study showed that miR-193a-5p was significantly downregulated, whereas CXCR4 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues obtained from patients with CRC compared with the adjacent non-tumor healthy controls. In addition, the upregulation of miR-193-5p reduced the expression levels of CXCR4, particularly in combination with 5-FU and OX. Besides, using rescue experiments, the present study showed that miR-193a-5p replacement was able to suppress CXCR4-induced CRC cell proliferation by directly targeting CXCR4. Furthermore, there was a significant association between miR-193a-5p and CXCR4 with certain clinicopathological characteristics, particularly with metastasis-related features. These results suggest that miR-193a-5p serves a tumor-suppressive function in CRC and can directly target CXCR4 and decrease its mRNA and protein expression levels. Additionally, miR-193a-5p in combination with 5-FU and Ox potentiated reducing CXR4 expression, which may reveal its contribution to tumor chemoresistance. In conclusion, miR-193-5p may be applicable as a prognostic and diagnostic marker, and also serve as a therapeutic factor by reducing CXCR4 in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Aghazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezai Seghin Sara
- Department of Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Biology Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 5451116714, Iran
| | - Saeed Tarzi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Biology Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 5451116714, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mansouri
- University of Tehran, Master of Sciences in Applied Chemistry, Tehran 1417414418, Iran
| | - Sahar Pashaei Sarand
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic of Tehran), Master of Sciences in Applied Chemistry, Tehran 441315875, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Center of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Center of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Pehlivanoglu B, Aysal A, Demir Kececi S, Ekmekci S, Erdogdu IH, Ertunc O, Gundogdu B, Kelten Talu C, Sahin Y, Toper MH. A Nobel-Winning Scientist: Aziz Sancar and the Impact of his Work on the Molecular Pathology of Neoplastic Diseases. Turk Patoloji Derg 2021; 37:93-105. [PMID: 33973640 PMCID: PMC10512686 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2020.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aziz Sancar, Nobel Prize winning Turkish scientist, made several discoveries which had a major impact on molecular sciences, particularly disciplines that focus on carcinogenesis and cancer treatment, including molecular pathology. Cloning the photolyase gene, which was the initial step of his work on DNA repair mechanisms, discovery of the "Maxicell" method, explanation of the mechanism of nucleotide excision repair and transcription-coupled repair, discovery of "molecular matchmakers", and mapping human excision repair genes at single nucleotide resolution constitute his major research topics. Moreover, Sancar discovered the cryptochromes, the clock genes in humans, in 1998, and this discovery led to substantial progress in the understanding of the circadian clock and the introduction of the concept of "chrono-chemoterapy" for more effective therapy in cancer patients. This review focuses on Aziz Sancar's scientific studies and their reflections on molecular pathology of neoplastic diseases. While providing a new perspective for researchers working in the field of pathology and molecular pathology, this review is also an evidence of how basic sciences and clinical sciences complete each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anil Aysal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demir Kececi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Ekmekci
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Erdogdu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Ertunc
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Kelten Talu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sahin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Hasan Toper
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
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