1
|
Sarma A, Dhandapani G, Phukan H, Bhunia PK, De AK, Bhattacharya D, Jebasingh T, Madanan MG. Leptospiral cell wall hydrolase (LIC_10271) binding peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and laminin and the protein show LysM and M23 domains are co-existing in pathogenic species. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104107. [PMID: 37517629 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a global reemerging zoonosis caused by the spirochete Leptospira, has severe human and veterinary implications. Cell wall hydrolase (LIC_10271) with LytM (peptidase M23) and LysM domains are found to be associated with various pathogenic bacteria. These domains regulate effects on extracellular matrix and biofilm components, which promote cell wall remodeling and pathogen dissemination in the host. In this study, we present the cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of LIC_10271. To determine the localization of LIC_10271 within the inner membrane of Leptospira, Triton X-114 subcellular fractionation and immunoblot studies were performed. Furthermore, r-LIC_10271 binds with peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and laminin in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the signal peptide, M23, and LysM domains revealed conservation primarily within the P1 group of Leptospira, which encompasses the most pathogenic species. Moreover, the presence of native-LIC_10271 in the inner membrane and the distribution of M23 and LysM domains across pathogenic strains indicates their potential involvement in the interaction between the host and Leptospira.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sarma
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Gunasekaran Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Homen Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Prasun Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Arun Kumar De
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744101, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744101, India
| | - T Jebasingh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Madathiparambil G Madanan
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guzman J, Raval D, Hauck D, Titz A, Poehlein A, Degenkolb T, Daniel R, Vilcinskas A. The resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) from Micrococcus luteus and its putative reaction product 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc increase culturability of environmental bacteria. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000647.v4. [PMID: 37841103 PMCID: PMC10569661 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000647.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dormant bacterial cells do not divide and are not immediately culturable, but they persist in a state of low metabolic activity, a physiological state having clinical relevance, for instance in latent tuberculosis. Resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) are proteins that act as signalling molecules mediating growth and replication. In this study we aimed to test the effect of Rpfs from Micrococcus luteus on the number and diversity of cultured bacteria using insect and soil samples, and to examine if the increase in culturability could be reproduced with the putative reaction product of Rpf, 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (1,6-anhydro-MurNAc). The rpf gene from Micrococcus luteus was amplified and cloned into a pET21b expression vector and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and purified by affinity chromatography using a hexa-histidine tag. 1,6-Anhydro-MurNAc was prepared using reported chemical synthesis methods. Recombinant Rpf protein or 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc were added to R2A cultivation media, and their effect on the culturability of bacteria from eight environmental samples including four cockroach guts and four soils was examined. Colony-forming units, 16S rRNA gene copies and Illumina amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were measured for all eight samples subjected to three different treatments: Rpf, 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc or blank control. Both Rpf and 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc increased the number of colony-forming units and of 16S rRNA gene copies across the samples although the protein was more effective. The Rpf and 1,6-anhydro-MurNAc promoted the cultivation of a diverse set of bacteria and in particular certain clades of the phyla Actinomycetota and Bacillota . This study opens the path for improved cultivation strategies aiming to isolate and study yet undescribed living bacterial organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dipansi Raval
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, site Hannover-Braunschweig, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, site Hannover-Braunschweig, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Degenkolb
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Hao S, Ren Q. Uncultured Microorganisms and Their Functions in the Fermentation Systems of Traditional Chinese Fermented Foods. Foods 2023; 12:2691. [PMID: 37509783 PMCID: PMC10378637 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese fermented foods are diverse and loved by people for their rich nutrition and unique flavors. In the fermentation processes of these foods, the microorganisms in the fermentation systems play a crucial role in determining the flavor and quality. Currently, some microorganisms in the fermentation systems of traditional Chinese fermented foods are in a state of being unculturable or difficult to culture, which hinders the comprehensive analysis and resource development of the microbial communities in the fermentation systems. This article provides an overview of the uncultured microorganisms in the natural environment, in the fermentation systems of traditional Chinese fermented foods, and the research methods for studying such microorganisms. It also discusses the prospects of utilizing the uncultured microorganisms in the fermentation systems of traditional Chinese fermented foods. The aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial diversity and uncultured microorganisms in the fermentation systems of traditional Chinese fermented foods in order to better exploit and utilize these microorganisms and promote the development of traditional Chinese fermented foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wang
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuyue Hao
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qing Ren
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thakur M, Kumar P, Rajput D, Yadav V, Dhaka N, Shukla R, Kumar Dubey K. Genome-guided approaches and evaluation of the strategies to influence bioprocessing assisted morphological engineering of Streptomyces cell factories. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128836. [PMID: 36898554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces genera serve as adaptable cell factories for secondary metabolites with various and distinctive chemical structures that are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. Streptomyces' complex life cycle necessitated a variety of tactics to enhance metabolite production. Identification of metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite clusters, and their controls have all been accomplished using genomic methods. Besides this, bioprocess parameters were also optimized for the regulation of morphology. Kinase families were identified as key checkpoints in the metabolic manipulation (DivIVA, Scy, FilP, matAB, and AfsK) and morphology engineering of Streptomyces. This review illustrates the role of different physiological variables during fermentation in the bioeconomy coupled with genome-based molecular characterization of biomolecules responsible for secondary metabolite production at different developmental stages of the Streptomyces life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Punit Kumar
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008 Kazakhstan
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Namrata Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Rishikesh Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura- 281406, U.P., India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Role of Resuscitation Promoting Factor-like Protein from Nocardiopsis halophila. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020485. [PMID: 36838450 PMCID: PMC9966590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpf), a class of proteins secreted by gram-positive bacteria including actinobacteria, promote the resuscitation of dormant bacteria and spore germination. Here, we describe the reconstitution of the resuscitation promoting activity of the Rpf protein from Nocardiopsis halophila CGMCC 4.1195Tin vitro and in vivo. The Rpf protein was expressed in the host Escherichia coli BL21 codon plus (DE3) and was confirmed to have a significant resuscitation effect on the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) N. halophila. Subsequently, the rpf gene of N. halophila was knocked out. We found that the growth rate of the mutant strain (Δrpf) was slower than that of the wild strain, and the former produced significantly shorter spores than the wild-type strain. Our results confirmed the activity of the Rpf protein in N. halophila to promote dormant bacteria resuscitation. This study will lay the foundation for the application of the Rpf protein from N. halophila to exploit actinomycetes resources.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwan JMC, Qiao Y. Mechanistic Insights into the Activities of Major Families of Enzymes in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Assembly and Breakdown. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200693. [PMID: 36715567 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Serving as an exoskeletal scaffold, peptidoglycan is a polymeric macromolecule that is essential and conserved across all bacteria, yet is absent in mammalian cells; this has made bacterial peptidoglycan a well-established excellent antibiotic target. In addition, soluble peptidoglycan fragments derived from bacteria are increasingly recognised as key signalling molecules in mediating diverse intra- and inter-species communication in nature, including in gut microbiota-host crosstalk. Each bacterial species encodes multiple redundant enzymes for key enzymatic activities involved in peptidoglycan assembly and breakdown. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the biochemical activities of major peptidoglycan enzymes, including peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGT) and transpeptidases (TPs) in the final stage of peptidoglycan assembly, as well as peptidoglycan glycosidases, lytic transglycosylase (LTs), amidases, endopeptidases (EPs) and carboxypeptidases (CPs) in peptidoglycan turnover and metabolism. Biochemical characterisation of these enzymes provides valuable insights into their substrate specificity, regulation mechanisms and potential modes of inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeric Mun Chung Kwan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CCEB), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, Singapore, 208232, Singapore
| | - Yuan Qiao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CCEB), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma A, Ghoshal A, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079569. [PMID: 36619761 PMCID: PMC9813417 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is an intracellular pathogen that predominantly affects the alveolar macrophages in the respiratory tract. Upon infection, the activation of TLR2 and TLR4- mediated signaling pathways leads to lysosomal degradation of the bacteria. However, bacterium counteracts the host immune cells and utilizes them as a cellular niche for its survival. One distinctive mechanism of M.tb to limit the host stress responses such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation is induction of dormancy. As the environmental conditions become favorable, the bacteria resuscitate, resulting in a relapse of clinical symptoms. Different bacterial proteins play a critical role in maintaining the state of dormancy and resuscitation, namely, DevR (DosS), Hrp1, DATIN and RpfA-D, RipA, etc., respectively. Existing knowledge regarding the key proteins associated with dormancy and resuscitation can be employed to develop novel therapies. In this review we aim to highlight the current knowledge of bacterial progression from dormancy to resuscitation and the gaps in understanding the transition from dormant to active state. We have also focused on elucidating a few therapeutic strategies employed to prevent M.tb resuscitation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Razew A, Schwarz JN, Mitkowski P, Sabala I, Kaus-Drobek M. One fold, many functions-M23 family of peptidoglycan hydrolases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1036964. [PMID: 36386627 PMCID: PMC9662197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1036964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cell walls are the guards of cell integrity. They are composed of peptidoglycan that provides rigidity to sustain internal turgor and ensures isolation from the external environment. In addition, they harbor the enzymatic machinery to secure cell wall modulations needed throughout the bacterial lifespan. The main players in this process are peptidoglycan hydrolases, a large group of enzymes with diverse specificities and different mechanisms of action. They are commonly, but not exclusively, found in prokaryotes. Although in most cases, these enzymes share the same molecular function, namely peptidoglycan hydrolysis, they are leveraged to perform a variety of physiological roles. A well-investigated family of peptidoglycan hydrolases is M23 peptidases, which display a very conserved fold, but their spectrum of lytic action is broad and includes both Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria. In this review, we summarize the structural, biochemical, and functional studies concerning the M23 family of peptidases based on literature and complement this knowledge by performing large-scale analyses of available protein sequences. This review has led us to gain new insight into the role of surface charge in the activity of this group of enzymes. We present relevant conclusions drawn from the analysis of available structures and indicate the main structural features that play a crucial role in specificity determination and mechanisms of latency. Our work systematizes the knowledge of the M23 family enzymes in the context of their unique antimicrobial potential against drug-resistant pathogens and presents possibilities to modulate and engineer their features to develop perfect antibacterial weapons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Izabela Sabala
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaus-Drobek
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia Y, Li X, Xu F, Liu Z, Fu Y, Xu X, Yang J, Zhang S, Shen C. Single-cell-level microfluidics assisted with resuscitation-promoting factor technology (SMART) to isolate novel biphenyl-degrading bacteria from typical soils in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119864. [PMID: 35952991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms represent one of the largest biodiversity reservoirs. However, most low-abundance, slow-growing or dormant microorganisms in soils are difficult to capture with traditional enrichment culture methods. These types of microorganisms represent a valuable "microbial seed bank". To better exploit and utilize this "microbial dark matter", we developed a novel strategy that integrates single-cell-level isolation with microfluidics technology and culture with resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) to isolate biphenyl-degrading bacteria from four typical soils (paddy soil, red soil, alluvial soil and black soil) in eastern China. Multitudinous bacteria were successfully isolated and cultured; some of the identified clades have not been previously linked to biphenyl biodegradation, such as Actinotalea, Curtobacterium and Rothia. Soil microcosmic experiments validated that some bacteria are responsible for biphenyl degradation in soil. In addition, genomic sequencing and Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes indicated that exogenous Rpf mainly promotes the recovery and growth of bacteria containing endogenous Rpf-encoding genes. In summary, this study provides a novel strategy for capturing target functional microorganisms in soils, indicates potential bioresources for the bioremediation of contaminated soils, and enhances our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the response to exogenous Rpf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengjun Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zefan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Jialan Environmental Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, 311051, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zambri MP, Williams MA, Elliot MA. How Streptomyces thrive: Advancing our understanding of classical development and uncovering new behaviors. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 80:203-236. [PMID: 35489792 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces are soil- and marine-dwelling microbes that need to survive dramatic fluctuations in nutrient levels and environmental conditions. Here, we explore the advances made in understanding how Streptomyces bacteria can thrive in their natural environments. We examine their classical developmental cycle, and the intricate regulatory cascades that govern it. We discuss alternative growth strategies and behaviors, like the rapid expansion and colonization properties associated with exploratory growth, the release of membrane vesicles and S-cells from hyphal tips, and the acquisition of exogenous DNA along the lateral walls. We further investigate Streptomyces interactions with other organisms through the release of volatile compounds that impact nutrient levels, microbial growth, and insect behavior. Finally, we explore the increasingly diverse strategies employed by Streptomyces species in escaping and thwarting phage infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Zambri
- Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie A Elliot
- Department of Biology, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Zheng T, Shen D, Chen J, Pei X. Research progress in the Helicobacter pylori with viable non-culturable state. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:1423-1429. [PMID: 35232914 PMCID: PMC10930577 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common pathogens in human beings and it is responsible for diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and even gastric cancer. Studies in recent years have found that H. Pylori could transform from the normal spiral-shaped bacillary form into the coccoid form and enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which may pose a potential threat to public health. In this state,the morphological structure and physiological characteristics of H. Pylori have changed. It can maintain the metabolic activity but protein expression is decreased. And the H. Pylori in this state cannot grow in the culture medium. Conditions such as environmental factors, antibiotics, and inhibitors can induce H. Pylori to enter the VBNC state, but it is still not known whether H. pylori in the VBNC state can reactivate or not. Based on the cell membrane integrity and metabolic activity of H. pylori in the VBNC state, it can be detected by classical methods including direct microscopy of live bacteria and molecular biological methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. H. pylori in the VBNC state has been detected in water source and biological media. It has been also found that H. pylori can enter the VBNC state in artificially contaminated food, which poses challenges to public health and food safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the change pattern and detection methods of H. pylori in the VBNC state for the prevention and control of H. pylori in the VBNC state. It is valuable to further study the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori in the VBNC state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tianli Zheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danyun Shen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lopez Marin MA, Strejcek M, Junkova P, Suman J, Santrucek J, Uhlik O. Exploring the Potential of Micrococcus luteus Culture Supernatant With Resuscitation-Promoting Factor for Enhancing the Culturability of Soil Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685263. [PMID: 34267737 PMCID: PMC8276245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial species is best characterized after its isolation in a pure culture. This is an arduous endeavor for many soil microorganisms, but it can be simplified by several techniques for improving culturability: for example, by using growth-promoting factors. We investigated the potential of a Micrococcus luteus culture supernatant containing resuscitation-promoting factor (SRpf) to increase the number and diversity of cultured bacterial taxa from a nutrient-rich compost soil. Phosphate-buffered saline and inactivated SRpf were included as controls. After agitation with SRpf at 28°C for 1 day, the soil suspension was diluted and plated on two different solid, oligotrophic media: tenfold diluted Reasoner’s 2A agar (R2A) and soil extract-based agar (SA). Colonies were collected from the plates to assess the differences in diversity between different treatments and cultivation media. The diversity on both R2A and SA was higher in the SRpf-amended extracts than the controls, but the differences on R2A were higher. Importantly, 51 potentially novel bacterial species were isolated on R2A and SA after SRpf treatment. Diversity in the soil extracts was also determined by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, which showed an increase in the abundance of specific taxa before their successful cultivation. Conclusively, SRpf can effectively enhance the growth of soil bacterial species, including those hitherto uncultured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Lopez Marin
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Strejcek
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Junkova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jachym Suman
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Santrucek
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beskrovnaya P, Sexton DL, Golmohammadzadeh M, Hashimi A, Tocheva EI. Structural, Metabolic and Evolutionary Comparison of Bacterial Endospore and Exospore Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630573. [PMID: 33767680 PMCID: PMC7985256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporulation is a specialized developmental program employed by a diverse set of bacteria which culminates in the formation of dormant cells displaying increased resilience to stressors. This represents a major survival strategy for bacteria facing harsh environmental conditions, including nutrient limitation, heat, desiccation, and exposure to antimicrobial compounds. Through dispersal to new environments via biotic or abiotic factors, sporulation provides a means for disseminating genetic material and promotes encounters with preferable environments thus promoting environmental selection. Several types of bacterial sporulation have been characterized, each involving numerous morphological changes regulated and performed by non-homologous pathways. Despite their likely independent evolutionary origins, all known modes of sporulation are typically triggered by limited nutrients and require extensive membrane and peptidoglycan remodeling. While distinct modes of sporulation have been observed in diverse species, two major types are at the forefront of understanding the role of sporulation in human health, and microbial population dynamics and survival. Here, we outline endospore and exospore formation by members of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, respectively. Using recent advances in molecular and structural biology, we point to the regulatory, genetic, and morphological differences unique to endo- and exospore formation, discuss shared characteristics that contribute to the enhanced environmental survival of spores and, finally, cover the evolutionary aspects of sporulation that contribute to bacterial species diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elitza I. Tocheva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, Health Sciences Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sexton DL, Tocheva EI. Ultrastructure of Exospore Formation in Streptomyces Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581135. [PMID: 33072052 PMCID: PMC7541840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria form spores in response to adverse environmental conditions. Several sporulation pathways have evolved independently and occur through distinctive mechanisms. Here, using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we examine all stages of growth and exospore formation in the model organism Streptomyces albus. Our data reveal the native ultrastructure of vegetative hyphae, including the likely structures of the polarisome and cytoskeletal filaments. In addition, we observed septal junctions in vegetative septa, predicted to be involved in protein and DNA translocation between neighboring cells. During sporulation, the cell envelope undergoes dramatic remodeling, including the formation of a spore wall and two protective proteinaceous layers. Mature spores reveal the presence of a continuous spore coat and an irregular rodlet sheet. Together, these results provide an unprecedented examination of the ultrastructure in Streptomyces and further our understanding of the structural complexity of exospore formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Sexton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elitza I Tocheva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|