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Khan A, Mallick M, Ladke JS, Bhandari R. The ring rules the chain - inositol pyrophosphates and the regulation of inorganic polyphosphate. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:567-580. [PMID: 38629621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of phosphate homeostasis serves as a foundation for energy metabolism and signal transduction processes in all living organisms. Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), composed of an inositol ring decorated with monophosphate and diphosphate moieties, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), chains of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, are energy-rich biomolecules that play critical roles in phosphate homeostasis. There is a complex interplay between these two phosphate-rich molecules, and they share an interdependent relationship with cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In eukaryotes, the enzymes involved in PP-InsP synthesis show some degree of conservation across species, whereas distinct enzymology exists for polyP synthesis among different organisms. In fact, the mechanism of polyP synthesis in metazoans, including mammals, is still unclear. Early studies on PP-InsP and polyP synthesis were conducted in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, but it is in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that a clear understanding of the interplay between polyP, PP-InsPs, and Pi homeostasis has now been established. Recent research has shed more light on the influence of PP-InsPs on polyP in mammals, and the regulation of both these molecules by cellular ATP and Pi levels. In this review we will discuss the cross-talk between PP-InsPs, polyP, ATP, and Pi in the context of budding yeast, slime mould, and mammals. We will also highlight the similarities and differences in the relationship between these phosphate-rich biomolecules among this group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Khan
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Manisha Mallick
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jayashree S Ladke
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
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2
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Li X, Wei Q, Zhao K, Wang W, Liu B, Li W, Wang J. Monitoring Intracellular IP6 with a Genetically Encoded Fluorescence Biosensor. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4484-4493. [PMID: 38079595 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), a naturally occurring metabolite of inositol with specific functions in different organelles or tissues, participates in numerous physiological processes and plays a key role in mammalian metabolic regulation. However, current IP6 detection methods, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis, require sample destruction and lack spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we construct and characterize a genetically encoded fluorescence biosensor named HIPSer that enables ratiometric quantitative IP6 detection in HEK293T cells and subcellular compartments. We demonstrate that HIPSer has a high sensitivity and relative selectivity for IP6 in vitro. We also provide proof-of-concept evidence that HIPSer can monitor IP6 levels in real time in HEK293T cells and can be targeted for IP6 detection in the nucleus of HEK293T cells. Moreover, HIPSer could also detect changes in IP6 content induced by chemical inhibition of IP6-metabolizing enzymes in HEK293T cells. Thus, HIPSer achieves spatiotemporally precise detection of fluctuations in endogenous IP6 in live cells and provides a versatile tool for mechanistic investigations of inositol phosphate functions in metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingpeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Guarano A, Capozzi A, Cristodoro M, Di Simone N, Lello S. Alpha Lipoic Acid Efficacy in PCOS Treatment: What Is the Truth? Nutrients 2023; 15:3209. [PMID: 37513627 PMCID: PMC10386153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common female endocrinopathies, affecting about 4-25% of women of reproductive age. Women affected by PCOS have an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer. Given the pivotal role of insulin resistance (IR) in the pathogenesis of PCOS, in the last years, many insulin-sensitizing factors have been proposed for PCOS treatment. The first insulin sensitizer recommended by evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of PCOS was metformin, but the burden of side effects is responsible for treatment discontinuation in many patients. Inositols have insulin-mimetic properties and contribute to decreasing postprandial blood glucose, acting by different pathways. ALA is a natural amphipathic compound with a very strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and a very noteworthy role in the improvement of insulin metabolic pathway. Given the multiple effects of ALA, a therapeutic strategy based on the synergy between inositols and ALA has been recently proposed by many groups with the aim of improving insulin resistance, reducing androgen levels, and ameliorating reproductive outcomes in PCOS patients. The purpose of this study is to review the existing literature and to evaluate the existing data showing the efficacy and the limitation of a treatment strategy based on this promising molecule. ALA is a valid therapeutic strategy applicable in the treatment of PCOS patients: Its multiple actions, including antinflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing, may be of utmost importance in the treatment of a very complex syndrome. Specifically, the combination of MYO plus ALA creates a synergistic effect that improves insulin resistance in PCOS patients, especially in obese/overweight patients with T2DM familiarity. Moreover, ALA treatment also exerts beneficial effects on endocrine patterns, especially if combined with MYO, improving menstrual regularity and ovulation rhythm. The purpose of our study is to review the existing literature and to evaluate the data showing the efficacy and the limitations of a treatment strategy based on this promising molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guarano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cristodoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Lello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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Baltazar‐Soares M, Britton JR, Pinder A, Harrison AJ, Nunn AD, Quintella BR, Mateus CS, Bolland JD, Dodd JR, Almeida PR, Dominguez Almela V, Andreou D. Seascape genomics reveals limited dispersal and suggests spatially varying selection among European populations of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus). Evol Appl 2023; 16:1169-1183. [PMID: 37360030 PMCID: PMC10286227 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an anadromous and semelparous fish without homing behaviors. Despite being a freshwater, free-living organism for a large part of their life cycle, its adulthood is spent as a parasite of marine vertebrates. In their native European range, while it is well-established that sea lampreys comprise a single nearly-panmictic population, few studies have further explored the evolutionary history of natural populations. Here, we performed the first genome-wide characterization of sea lamprey's genetic diversity in their European natural range. The objectives were to investigate the connectivity among river basins and explore evolutionary processes mediating dispersal during the marine phase, with the sequencing of 186 individuals from 8 locations spanning the North Eastern Atlantic coast and the North Sea with double-digest RAD-sequencing, obtaining a total of 30,910 bi-allelic SNPs. Population genetic analyses reinforced the existence of a single metapopulation encompassing freshwater spawning sites within the North Eastern Atlantic and the North Sea, though the prevalence of private alleles at northern latitudes suggested some limits to the species' dispersal. Seascape genomics suggested a scenario where oxygen concentration and river runoffs impose spatially varying selection across their distribution range. Exploring associations with the abundance of potential hosts further suggested that hake and cod could also impose selective pressures, although the nature of such putative biotic interactions was unresolved. Overall, the identification of adaptive seascapes in a panmictic anadromous species could contribute to conservation practices by providing information for restoration activities to mitigate local extinctions on freshwater sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baltazar‐Soares
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA – Instituto UniversitárioLisbonPortugal
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - J. Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
| | - Adrian Pinder
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
| | - Andrew J. Harrison
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
| | - Andrew D. Nunn
- University of HullHull International Fisheries InstituteHullUK
| | - Bernardo R. Quintella
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
- Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of Sciences, University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Catarina S. Mateus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | | | - Jamie R. Dodd
- University of HullHull International Fisheries InstituteHullUK
| | - Pedro R. Almeida
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Victoria Dominguez Almela
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
| | - Demetra Andreou
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUK
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5
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Fisher SK, Akil H. In memoriam: Bernard W. Agranoff (1926-2022). J Neurochem 2023; 164:875-877. [PMID: 36604104 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This is an obituary to Bernard William Agranoff M.D., who died on October 21, 2022. One of the leading figures in the field of neuroscience, he studied the biochemistry of the brain and was the first to show that long-term memory formation required protein synthesis. He made numerous other seminal discoveries related to the fields of inositol lipids and cell signaling, neuroplasticity, and brain imaging and mentored a large cadre of trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Fisher
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Ghosh M, Nandi S, Layek S, Nandi PK, Bera N, Sarkar N. Formation of lipid tubules induced by a sugar-like molecule myo-inositol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:459-462. [PMID: 34908037 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sugar-like molecule myo-inositol (InOH) bears an uncanny structural resemblance to the pyranose form of the sugar D-glucose (DG). InOH and its derivatives play a pivotal role in cell biology; whereby its interaction with the model membrane needs to be studied. Here, we have demonstrated that lipid tubules are formed as a result of the above-said interactions and that these interactions can be prevented by using hydroxyl protected InOH derivatives. We have tried to elucidate the nature of the InOH-membrane interactions by comparing them with DG-membrane interactions and have proposed a mechanism for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sourav Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Souvik Layek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pratyush Kiran Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nanigopal Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Role of Inositols and Inositol Phosphates in Energy Metabolism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215079. [PMID: 33139672 PMCID: PMC7663797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inositols, especially myo-inositol and inositol hexakisphosphate, also known as phytic acid or IP6, with their biological activities received much attention for their role in multiple health beneficial effects. Although their roles in cancer treatment and prevention have been extensively reported, interestingly, they may also have distinctive properties in energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. We review inositols and inositol phosphate metabolism in mammalian cells to establish their biological activities and highlight their potential roles in energy metabolism. These molecules are known to decrease insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity, and have diverse properties with importance from cell signaling to metabolism. Evidence showed that inositol phosphates might enhance the browning of white adipocytes and directly improve insulin sensitivity through adipocytes. In addition, inositol pyrophosphates containing high-energy phosphate bonds are considered in increasing cellular energetics. Despite all recent advances, many aspects of the bioactivity of inositol phosphates are still not clear, especially their effects on insulin resistance and alteration of metabolism, so more research is needed.
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8
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Facchinetti F, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bevilacqua A, Bezerra Espinola MS, Bizzarri M, D'Anna R, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Hernández Marín I, Kamenov ZA, Kandaraki E, Laganà AS, Monastra G, Montanino Oliva M, Nestler JE, Orio F, Ozay AC, Papalou O, Pkhaladze L, Porcaro G, Prapas N, Soulage CO, Stringaro A, Wdowiak A, Unfer V. Experts' opinion on inositols in treating polycystic ovary syndrome and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a further help for human reproduction and beyond. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:255-274. [PMID: 32129111 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1737675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This Experts' opinion provides an updated scientific support to gynecologists, obstetricians, endocrinologists, nutritionists, neurologists and general practitioners on the use of Inositols in the therapy of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).Areas covered: This paper summarizes the physiology of Myo-Inositol (MI) and D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI), two important molecules present in human organisms, and their therapeutic role, also for treating infertility. Some deep differences between the physiological functions of MI and DCI, as well as their safety and intestinal absorption are discussed. Updates include new evidence on the efficacy exerted in PCOS by the 40:1 MI/DCI ratio, and the innovative approach based on alpha-lactalbumin to overcome the decreased therapeutic efficacy of Inositols in some patients.Expert opinion: The evidence suggests that MI, alone or with DCI in the 40:1 ratio, offers a promising treatment for PCOS and NIDDM. However, additional studies need to evaluate some still unresolved issues, such as the best MI/DCI ratio for treating NIDDM, the potential cost-effectiveness of reduced gonadotropins administration in IVF due to MI treatment, or the benefit of MI supplementation in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Aragona
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Anna
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France.,INSERM, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France
| | | | - Imelda Hernández Marín
- Human Reproduction Department, Hospital Juárez de México, México City Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Zdravko A Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eleni Kandaraki
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monastra
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - John E Nestler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Endocrinology, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Ali Cenk Ozay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Near East University, Nicosia Cyprus.,Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Lali Pkhaladze
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Ioseb Zhordania Institute of Reproductology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Nikos Prapas
- 3rd Department of OB-GYNAE, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki Greece.,IVF Laboratory, IAKENTRO Fertility Centre, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation - Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Artur Wdowiak
- Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Vucenik I. Anticancer Properties of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol: An Overview. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S18-S22. [PMID: 31619624 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and its parent compound myo-inositol (Ins) are active compounds from rice and other grains, with a broad spectrum of biological activities important in health and diseases. However, the most striking is the anticancer effect of IP6 and Ins that has been actively investigated during the last decades. A consistent and reproducible anticancer action of IP6 has been demonstrated in various experimental models. IP6 reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation of malignant cells via PI3K, MAPK, PKC, AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Very few clinical studies in humans and case reports have indicated that IP6 is able to enhance the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapy, control cancer metastases, and improve quality of life. Reduced burden of chemotherapy side-effects in patients receiving IP6 alone or in combination with Ins has been reported. Because of the highly promising preclinical and emerging clinical data, large clinical trials and further mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology and Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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10
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Ganguli S, Shah A, Hamid A, Singh A, Palakurti R, Bhandari R. A high energy phosphate jump - From pyrophospho-inositol to pyrophospho-serine. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100662. [PMID: 31668836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) are a class of energy rich metabolites present in all eukaryotic cells. The hydroxyl groups on these water soluble derivatives of inositol are substituted with diphosphate and monophosphate moieties. Since the discovery of PP-IPs in the early 1990s, enormous progress has been made in uncovering pleiotropic roles for these small molecules in cellular physiology. PP-IPs exert their effect on proteins in two ways - allosteric regulation by direct binding, or post-translational regulation by serine pyrophosphorylation, a modification unique to PP-IPs. Serine pyrophosphorylation is achieved by Mg2+-dependent, but enzyme independent transfer of a β-phosphate from a PP-IP to a pre-phosphorylated serine residue located in an acidic motif, within an intrinsically disordered protein sequence. This distinctive post-translational modification has been shown to regulate diverse cellular processes, including rRNA synthesis, glycolysis, and vesicle transport. However, our understanding of the molecular details of this phosphotransfer from pyrophospho-inositol to generate pyrophospho-serine, is still nascent. This review discusses our current knowledge of protein pyrophosphorylation, and recent advances in understanding the mechanism of this important yet overlooked post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Ganguli
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Akruti Shah
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aisha Hamid
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Arpita Singh
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Ravichand Palakurti
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India.
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11
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Pemberton JG, Balla T. Polyphosphoinositide-Binding Domains: Insights from Peripheral Membrane and Lipid-Transfer Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1111:77-137. [PMID: 30483964 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within eukaryotic cells, biochemical reactions need to be organized on the surface of membrane compartments that use distinct lipid constituents to dynamically modulate the functions of integral proteins or influence the selective recruitment of peripheral membrane effectors. As a result of these complex interactions, a variety of human pathologies can be traced back to improper communication between proteins and membrane surfaces; either due to mutations that directly alter protein structure or as a result of changes in membrane lipid composition. Among the known structural lipids found in cellular membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the membrane-anchored precursor of low-abundance regulatory lipids, the polyphosphoinositides (PPIn), which have restricted distributions within specific subcellular compartments. The ability of PPIn lipids to function as signaling platforms relies on both non-specific electrostatic interactions and the selective stereospecific recognition of PPIn headgroups by specialized protein folds. In this chapter, we will attempt to summarize the structural diversity of modular PPIn-interacting domains that facilitate the reversible recruitment and conformational regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. Outside of protein folds capable of capturing PPIn headgroups at the membrane interface, recent studies detailing the selective binding and bilayer extraction of PPIn species by unique functional domains within specific families of lipid-transfer proteins will also be highlighted. Overall, this overview will help to outline the fundamental physiochemical mechanisms that facilitate localized interactions between PPIn lipids and the wide-variety of PPIn-binding proteins that are essential for the coordinate regulation of cellular metabolism and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Has Inositol Played Any Role in the Origin of Life? Life (Basel) 2017; 7:life7020024. [PMID: 28587245 PMCID: PMC5492146 DOI: 10.3390/life7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, as phosphate, plays a paramount role in biology. Since phosphate transfer reactions are an integral part of contemporary life, phosphate may have been incorporated into the initial molecules at the very beginning. To facilitate the studies into early phosphate utilization, we should look retrospectively to phosphate-rich molecules present in today’s cells. Overlooked by origin of life studies until now, inositol and the inositol phosphates, of which some species possess more phosphate groups that carbon atoms, represent ideal molecules to consider in this context. The current sophisticated association of inositol with phosphate, and the roles that some inositol phosphates play in regulating cellular phosphate homeostasis, intriguingly suggest that inositol might have played some role in the prebiotic process of phosphate exploitation. Inositol can be synthesized abiotically and, unlike glucose or ribose, is chemically stable. This stability makes inositol the ideal candidate for the earliest organophosphate molecules, as primitive inositol phosphates. I also present arguments suggesting roles for some inositol phosphates in early chemical evolution events. Finally, the possible prebiotic synthesis of inositol pyrophosphates could have generated high-energy molecules to be utilized in primitive trans-phosphorylating processes.
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Genazzani AD. Inositol as putative integrative treatment for PCOS. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:770-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Phosphoinositides in the nucleus and myogenic differentiation: how a nuclear turtle with a PHD builds muscle. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:299-306. [PMID: 26862219 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a family of phospholipid messenger molecules that control various aspects of cell biology in part by interacting with and regulating downstream protein partners. Importantly, phosphoinositides are present in the nucleus. They form part of the nuclear envelope and are present within the nucleus in nuclear speckles, intra nuclear chromatin domains, the nuclear matrix and in chromatin. What their exact role is within these compartments is not completely clear, but the identification of nuclear specific proteins that contain phosphoinositide interaction domains suggest that they are important regulators of DNA topology, chromatin conformation and RNA maturation and export. The plant homeo domain (PHD) finger is a phosphoinositide binding motif that is largely present in nuclear proteins that regulate chromatin conformation. In the present study I outline how changes in the levels of the nuclear phosphoinositide PtdIns5P impact on muscle cell differentiation through the PHD finger of TAF3 (TAF, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor), which is a core component of a number of different basal transcription complexes.
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Thota SG, Bhandari R. The emerging roles of inositol pyrophosphates in eukaryotic cell physiology. J Biosci 2016; 40:593-605. [PMID: 26333405 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates are water soluble derivatives of inositol that contain pyrophosphate or diphosphate moieties in addition to monophosphates. The best characterised inositol pyrophosphates, are IP7 (diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate or PP-IP5), and IP8 (bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate or (PP)2-IP4). These energy-rich small molecules are present in all eukaryotic cells, from yeast to mammals, and are involved in a wide range of cellular functions including apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, DNA repair, osmoregulation, phosphate homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, immune signalling, cell cycle regulation, and ribosome synthesis. Identified more than 20 years ago, there is still only a rudimentary understanding of the mechanisms by which inositol pyrophosphates participate in these myriad pathways governing cell physiology and homeostasis. The unique stereochemical and bioenergetic properties these molecules possess as a consequence of the presence of one or two pyrophosphate moieties in the vicinity of densely packed monophosphates are likely to form the molecular basis for their participation in multiple signalling and metabolic pathways. The aim of this review is to provide first time researchers in this area with an introduction to inositol pyrophosphates and a comprehensive overview on their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Gowri Thota
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500 001, India
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. The "Other" Inositols and Their Phosphates: Synthesis, Biology, and Medicine (with Recent Advances in myo-Inositol Chemistry). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1614-50. [PMID: 26694856 PMCID: PMC5156312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling via inositol phosphates, in particular via the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphoinositides comprises a huge field of biology. Of the nine 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol isomers, myo-inositol is pre-eminent, with "other" inositols (cis-, epi-, allo-, muco-, neo-, L-chiro-, D-chiro-, and scyllo-) and derivatives rarer or thought not to exist in nature. However, neo- and d-chiro-inositol hexakisphosphates were recently revealed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, thus highlighting the paucity of knowledge of the origins and potential biological functions of such stereoisomers, a prevalent group of environmental organic phosphates, and their parent inositols. Some "other" inositols are medically relevant, for example, scyllo-inositol (neurodegenerative diseases) and d-chiro-inositol (diabetes). It is timely to consider exploration of the roles and applications of the "other" isomers and their derivatives, likely by exploiting techniques now well developed for the myo series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen J Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Fitzpatrick CJ, Perrine SA, Ghoddoussi F, Galloway MP, Morrow JD. Sign-trackers have elevated myo-inositol in the nucleus accumbens and ventral hippocampus following Pavlovian conditioned approach. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1196-1203. [PMID: 26725566 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) is a behavioral procedure that can be used to assess individual differences in the addiction vulnerability of drug-naïve rats and identify addiction vulnerability factors. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) ex vivo, we simultaneously analyzed concentrations of multiple neurochemicals throughout the mesocorticolimbic system 2 weeks after PCA training in order to identify potential vulnerability factors to addiction in drug-naïve rats for future investigations. Levels of myo-inositol (Ins), a 1 H-MRS-detectable marker of glial activity/proliferation, were increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex, of sign-trackers compared to goal-trackers or intermediate responders. In addition, Ins levels positively correlated with PCA behavior in the NAc and ventral hippocampus. Because the sign-tracker phenotype is associated with increased drug-seeking behavior, these results observed in drug-naïve rats suggest that alterations in glial activity/proliferation within these regions may represent an addiction vulnerability factor. Sign-tracking rats preferentially approach reward cues during Pavlovian conditioning, while goal-trackers instead approach the location of impending reward. Sign-trackers are also more prone to cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that myo-inositol levels are higher in the ventral hippocampus and nucleus accumbens of sign-trackers relative to goal-trackers. Thus, elevated myo-inositol may be a vulnerability factor for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Farhad Ghoddoussi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew P Galloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Thomas MP, Mills SJ, Potter BVL. Die “anderen” Inositole und ihre Phosphate: Synthese, Biologie und Medizin (sowie jüngste Fortschritte in dermyo-Inositolchemie). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Stephen J. Mills
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT Vereinigtes Königreich
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Abstract
In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis, both the insulin resistance and the related compensatory hyperinsulinemia are involved. Despite their similarities, Myo-inositol (MI) and d-chiro-inositol (DCI) play different roles in PCOS etiology and therapy. Indeed, in tissue such as the liver both molecules are involved in the insulin signaling, i.e. MI promotes glucose uptake and DCI glycogen synthesis. In reproductive tissue such as the ovary, MI regulates glucose uptake and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling, whereas DCI is devoted to the insulin-mediated androgen production. The new hypothesis on "DCI paradox" in the ovary has provided the key for a better understanding. Unlike other tissues, ovary is not insulin resistant, indeed because the epimerase enzyme, which converts MI to DCI, is insulin dependent, the "DCI paradox" hypothesis suggests that in the ovary of PCOS women, an increased epimerase activity leads to a DCI overproduction and MI depletion. This imbalance could be the cause of the poor oocyte quality and the impairment in the FSH signaling. Owing to this situation, the focal point is the administration of both MI and DCI in a proper ratio for treating PCOS. This topic, with several other "hot" issues, was the driving thread in the discussion between the two scientists.
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Shears SB. Inositol pyrophosphates: why so many phosphates? Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:203-16. [PMID: 25453220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are a specialized group of "energetic" signaling molecules found in yeasts, plants and animals. PP-InsPs boast the most crowded three dimensional phosphate arrays found in Nature; multiple phosphates and diphosphates are crammed around the six-carbon, inositol ring. Yet, phosphate esters are also a major energy currency in cells. So the synthesis of PP-InsPs, and the maintenance of their levels in the face of a high rate of ongoing turnover, all requires significant bioenergetic input. What are the particular properties of PP-InsPs that repay this investment of cellular energy? Potential answers to that question are discussed here, against the backdrop of a recent hypothesis that signaling by PP-InsPs is evolutionarily ancient. The latter idea is extended herein, with the proposal that the primordial origins of PP-InsPs is reflected in the apparent lack of isomeric specificity of certain of their actions. Nevertheless, there are other aspects of signaling by these polyphosphates that are more selective for a particular PP-InsP isomer. Consideration of the nature of both specific and non-specific effects of PP-InsPs can help rationalize why such molecules possess so many phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Shears
- Inositol Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Combined treatment with Myo-inositol and selenium ensures euthyroidism in subclinical hypothyroidism patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Thyroid Res 2013; 2013:424163. [PMID: 24224112 PMCID: PMC3809375 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is the most common form of thyroiditis affecting more than 10% of females and 2% of males. The present study aims to evaluate the beneficial effect of a combined treatment, Myo-Inositol plus selenomethionine, on subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients were women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism having Tg antibodies (TgAb) titer higher than 350 IU/mL. Outcome measures were Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and TgAb titer, selenium, and Myo-Inositol plasma concentration. Results. In the present paper, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects obtained by selenomethionine treatment on patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism, likely due to the presence of autoantibody (TPOAb and TgAb), are further improved by cotreatment with Myo-Inositol. Conclusions. Indeed, due to its action as TSH second messenger, Myo-Inositol treatment reduces TSH levels closer to physiological concentrations.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Ariza A, Moroz OV, Blagova EV, Turkenburg JP, Waterman J, Roberts SM, Vind J, Sjøholm C, Lassen SF, De Maria L, Glitsoe V, Skov LK, Wilson KS. Degradation of phytate by the 6-phytase from Hafnia alvei: a combined structural and solution study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65062. [PMID: 23741456 PMCID: PMC3669009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases hydrolyse phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), the principal form of phosphate stored in plant seeds to produce phosphate and lower phosphorylated myo-inositols. They are used extensively in the feed industry, and have been characterised biochemically and structurally with a number of structures in the PDB. They are divided into four distinct families: histidine acid phosphatases (HAP), β-propeller phytases, cysteine phosphatases and purple acid phosphatases and also split into three enzyme classes, the 3-, 5- and 6-phytases, depending on the position of the first phosphate in the inositol ring to be removed. We report identification, cloning, purification and 3D structures of 6-phytases from two bacteria, Hafnia alvei and Yersinia kristensenii, together with their pH optima, thermal stability, and degradation profiles for phytate. An important result is the structure of the H. alvei enzyme in complex with the substrate analogue myo-inositol hexakissulphate. In contrast to the only previous structure of a ligand-bound 6-phytase, where the 3-phosphate was unexpectedly in the catalytic site, in the H. alvei complex the expected scissile 6-phosphate (sulphate in the inhibitor) is placed in the catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ariza
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Olga V. Moroz
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elena V. Blagova
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Johan P. Turkenburg
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jitka Waterman
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley M. Roberts
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith S. Wilson
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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The combined therapy myo-inositol plus d-chiro-inositol, rather than d-chiro-inositol, is able to improve IVF outcomes: results from a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:1405-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yu S, Cowieson A, Gilbert C, Plumstead P, Dalsgaard S. Interactions of phytate and myo-inositol phosphate esters (IP1-5) including IP5 isomers with dietary protein and iron and inhibition of pepsin1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1824-32. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yu
- Enzyme R & D, Genencor, Danisco A/S, DK 8220 Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Cowieson
- Poultry Research Foundation, Veterinary Science Faculty, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - C. Gilbert
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, SN8 1AA Marlborough, United Kingdom
| | - P. Plumstead
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, SN8 1AA Marlborough, United Kingdom
| | - S. Dalsgaard
- Enzyme R & D, Genencor, Danisco A/S, DK 8220 Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark
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Carlomagno G, De Grazia S, Unfer V, Manna F. Myo-inositol in a new pharmaceutical form: a step forward to a broader clinical use. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:267-71. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.662953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
From the pioneering work of Mabel and Lowell Hokin in the 1950s, the biology of this specific isomer of hexahydroxycyclohexane and its phosphorylated derivatives, in the form of inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides, has expanded to fill virtually every corner of cell biology, whole-organism physiology and development. In the present paper, I give a personal view of the role played by phosphoinositides in regulating the function of the endosomal network, and, in so doing, highlight some of the basic properties through which phosphoinositides regulate cell function.
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Michell RH. Inositol and its derivatives: Their evolution and functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 51:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Stereoselective enzymatic synthesis of monoglucosyl-myo-inositols with in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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