1
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Turkki P, Chowdhury I, Öhman T, Azizi L, Varjosalo M, Hytönen VP. Tensin-2 interactomics reveals interaction with GAPDH and a phosphorylation-mediated regulatory role in glycolysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19862. [PMID: 39191795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin adaptor proteins, like tensin-2, are crucial for cell adhesion and signaling. However, the function of tensin-2 beyond localizing to focal adhesions remain poorly understood. We utilized proximity-dependent biotinylation and Strep-tag affinity proteomics to identify interaction partners of tensin-2 in Flp-In 293 T-REx cells. Interactomics linked tensin-2 to known focal adhesion proteins and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, while also uncovering novel interaction with the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. We demonstrated that Y483-phosphorylation of tensin-2 regulates the glycolytic rate in Flp-In 293 T-REx and MEF cells and found that pY483 tensin-2 is enriched in adhesions in MEF cells. Our study unveils novel interaction partners for tensin-2 and further solidifies its speculated role in cell energy metabolism. These findings shed fresh insight on the functions of tensin-2, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for diseases associated with impaired cell adhesion and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Turkki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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2
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Jauregui-Matos V, Jacobs O, Ouye R, Mozumder S, Salvador P, Fink K, Beal P. Site-specific regulation of RNA editing with ribose-modified nucleoside analogs in ADAR guide strands. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6733-6747. [PMID: 38828787 PMCID: PMC11229365 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine in RNA duplexes. These enzymes can be harnessed to correct disease-causing G-to-A mutations in the transcriptome because inosine is translated as guanosine. Guide RNAs (gRNAs) can be used to direct the ADAR reaction to specific sites. Chemical modification of ADAR guide strands is required to facilitate delivery, increase metabolic stability, and increase the efficiency and selectivity of the editing reaction. Here, we show the ADAR reaction is highly sensitive to ribose modifications (e.g. 4'-C-methylation and Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) substitution) at specific positions within the guide strand. Our studies were enabled by the synthesis of RNA containing a new, ribose-modified nucleoside analog (4'-C-methyladenosine). Importantly, the ADAR reaction is potently inhibited by LNA or 4'-C-methylation at different positions in the ADAR guide. While LNA at guide strand positions -1 and -2 block the ADAR reaction, 4'-C-methylation only inhibits at the -2 position. These effects are rationalized using high-resolution structures of ADAR-RNA complexes. This work sheds additional light on the mechanism of ADAR deamination and aids in the design of highly selective ADAR guide strands for therapeutic editing using chemically modified RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Randall Ouye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sukanya Mozumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Fink
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Regenerative Cures and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peter A Beal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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3
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Essebier P, Keyser M, Yordanov T, Hill B, Yu A, Noordstra I, Yap AS, Stehbens SJ, Lagendijk AK, Schimmel L, Gordon EJ. c-Src-induced vascular malformations require localised matrix degradation at focal adhesions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262101. [PMID: 38881365 PMCID: PMC11267457 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall communicate intricately with the surrounding extracellular matrix, translating mechanical cues into biochemical signals. Moreover, vessels require the capability to enzymatically degrade the matrix surrounding them, to facilitate vascular expansion. c-Src plays a key role in blood vessel growth, with its loss in the endothelium reducing vessel sprouting and focal adhesion signalling. Here, we show that constitutive activation of c-Src in endothelial cells results in rapid vascular expansion, operating independently of growth factor stimulation or fluid shear stress forces. This is driven by an increase in focal adhesion signalling and size, with enhancement of localised secretion of matrix metalloproteinases responsible for extracellular matrix remodelling. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity results in a robust rescue of the vascular expansion elicited by heightened c-Src activity. This supports the premise that moderating focal adhesion-related events and matrix degradation can counteract abnormal vascular expansion, with implications for pathologies driven by unusual vascular morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Essebier
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Mikaela Keyser
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Teodor Yordanov
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Brittany Hill
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Alexander Yu
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Samantha J. Stehbens
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Emma J. Gordon
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
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4
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Weng Y, Chen W, Kong Q, Wang R, Zeng R, He A, Liu Y, Mao Y, Qin Y, Ngai WSC, Zhang H, Ke M, Wang J, Tian R, Chen PR. DeKinomics pulse-chases kinase functions in living cells. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:615-623. [PMID: 38167916 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellular context is crucial for understanding the complex and dynamic kinase functions in health and disease. Systematic dissection of kinase-mediated cellular processes requires rapid and precise stimulation ('pulse') of a kinase of interest, as well as global and in-depth characterization ('chase') of the perturbed proteome under living conditions. Here we developed an optogenetic 'pulse-chase' strategy, termed decaging kinase coupled proteomics (DeKinomics), for proteome-wide profiling of kinase-driven phosphorylation at second-timescale in living cells. We took advantage of the 'gain-of-function' feature of DeKinomics to identify direct kinase substrates and further portrayed the global phosphorylation of understudied receptor tyrosine kinases under native cellular settings. DeKinomics offered a general activation-based strategy to study kinase functions with high specificity and temporal resolution under living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Weng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Academy of Phronesis Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxin Zeng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - An He
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqiu Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Heng Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mi Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Peng R Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Bartkowiak K, Bartkowiak M, Jankowska-Steifer E, Ratajska A, Kujawa M, Aniołek O, Niderla-Bielińska J. Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiac Vessel Remodeling Associated with Vessel Rarefaction: A Possible Underlying Mechanism May Result from a Poor Angiogenic Response to Altered VEGF Signaling Pathways. J Vasc Res 2024; 61:151-159. [PMID: 38615659 DOI: 10.1159/000538361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated mortality rates in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are partly due to adverse remodeling of multiple organs, which may lead to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney failure, or other conditions. MetS symptoms, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, associated with insulin and leptin resistance, are recognized as major cardiovascular risk factors that adversely affect the heart. SUMMARY Pathological cardiac remodeling is accompanied by endothelial cell dysfunction which may result in diminished coronary flow, dysregulated oxygen demand/supply balance, as well as vessel rarefaction. The reduced number of vessels and delayed or inhibited formation of collaterals after myocardial infarction in MetS heart may be due to unfavorable changes in endothelial cell metabolism but also to altered expression of vascular endothelial growth factor molecules, their receptors, and changes in signal transduction from the cell membrane, which severely affect angiogenesis. KEY MESSAGES Given the established role of cardiac vessel endothelial cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis, defining the molecular background underlying vessel dysfunction associated with impaired angiogenesis is of great importance for future therapeutic purposes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present current information regarding vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in the myocardium of MetS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bartkowiak
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kujawa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Aniołek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Zhou A, Chong Y, Liu G, Jiang X, Huang Y, Bo D, Guo Q, Hu R, Chi S, Wang M, Yan Y, Sun L, Mao X. Changes in colostrum ingredients of Hu sheep, as well as the missense mutation genes associated with colostrum yield. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1492-1504. [PMID: 35196466 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2034641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the changes in the composition and immune evolution in milk from birth to 144 h postpartum and the genes associated with the colostrum yield of Hu sheep. Twelve Hu sheep, which were bred carefully under animal health standards and have a litter size of two kids and similar gestation length (149 ± 1 days), were used. Lambs were transferred into their own cots to avoid interference. The compositional content (i.e., fat, protein, and lactose) and some other properties, including daily colostrum yield, DM, and SNF, were determined. In addition, immunity molecules (IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations) received remarkable attention. The DM, SNF, fat, and protein contents were higher in the first days postpartum and then dropped quickly from the time of birth to 144 h postpartum. However, the lactose content displayed an increasing pattern and reached normal milk percentage at 48 h. The highest IgG (103.17 mg/mL), IgA (352.82 μg/mL), and IgM (2.79 mg/mL) colostrum concentrations were observed at partum, decreased quickly, and finally stabilized. The change law of concentration of IgA and IgM in colostrum are the same with IgG. Furthermore, the whole-genome resequencing was performed, and a missense variant locus in the SRC gene and two missense locus variants in the HIF1A gene were significantly associated with the colostrum yield of sheep by using the whole-genome selection signal detection analysis. In conclusions, colostrum contains abundant nutrients especially immunoglobulin, and the HIF1A gene may be used as candidate genes for colostrum yield, which has important information as a basic knowledge for the Hu sheep breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Chong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Bo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shaxuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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7
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Jeon Y, Shin YK, Kim H, Choi YY, Kang M, Kwon Y, Cho Y, Chi SW, Shin JE. βPix Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulates Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Axons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14357. [PMID: 37762659 PMCID: PMC10532151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is essential for successful recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Although growth cone reformation and axonal extension are crucial steps in axonal regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these dynamic processes are poorly understood. Here, we identify βPix (Arhgef7), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 GTPase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration. After sciatic nerve injury in mice, the expression levels of βPix increase significantly in nerve segments containing regenerating axons. In regrowing axons, βPix is localized in the peripheral domain of the growth cone. Using βPix neuronal isoform knockout (NIKO) mice in which the neuronal isoforms of βPix are specifically removed, we demonstrate that βPix promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and in vivo axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury. Activation of cJun and STAT3 in the cell bodies is not affected in βPix NIKO mice, supporting the local action of βPix in regenerating axons. Finally, inhibiting Src, a kinase previously identified as an activator of the βPix neuronal isoform, causes axon outgrowth defects in vitro, like those found in the βPix NIKO neurons. Altogether, these data indicate that βPix plays an important role in axonal regrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwigyeong Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjae Kang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Kwon
- Department School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42899, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.S.); (H.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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8
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Golebiewski C, Gastaldi C, Vieu DL, Mari B, Rezzonico R, Bernerd F, Marionnet C. Identification and functional validation of SRC and RAPGEF1 as new direct targets of miR-203, involved in regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14006. [PMID: 37635193 PMCID: PMC10460794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is mostly composed of keratinocytes and forms a protecting barrier against external aggressions and dehydration. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the regulation of this process, the keratinocyte-specific miR-203 microRNA is of the outmost importance as it promotes differentiation, notably by directly targeting and down-regulating mRNA expression of genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation, such as ΔNp63, Skp2 and Msi2. We aimed at identifying new miR-203 targets involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation balance. To this end, a transcriptome analysis of human primary keratinocytes overexpressing miR-203 was performed and revealed that miR-203 overexpression inhibited functions like proliferation, mitosis and cell cycling, and activated differentiation, apoptosis and cell death. Among the down-regulated genes, 24 putative target mRNAs were identified and 8 of them were related to proliferation. We demonstrated that SRC and RAPGEF1 were direct targets of miR-203. Moreover, both were down-regulated during epidermal morphogenesis in a 3D reconstructed skin model, while miR-203 was up-regulated. Finally silencing experiments showed that SRC or RAPGEF1 contributed to keratinocyte proliferation and regulated their differentiation. Preliminary results suggest their involvement in skin carcinoma hyperproliferation. Altogether this data indicates that RAPGEF1 and SRC could be new mediators of miR-203 in epidermal homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Gastaldi
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- LIA BAHN, CSM-UVSQ, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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9
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Sun G, Ayrapetov MK. Dissection of the catalytic and regulatory structure-function relationships of Csk protein tyrosine kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1148352. [PMID: 36936693 PMCID: PMC10016382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1148352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a large enzyme family that regulates many cellular processes. The key to their broad role in signaling is their tunable substrate specificity and regulatory mechanisms that allow each to respond to appropriate regulatory signals and phosphorylate the correct physiological protein substrates. Thus, in addition to the general PTK catalytic platform, each PTK acquires unique structural motifs that confer a unique combination of catalytic and regulatory properties. Understanding the structural basis for these properties is essential for understanding and manipulating the PTK-based signaling networks in normal and cancer cells. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and its homolog, Csk-homologous kinase (Chk), phosphorylate Src family kinases on a C-terminal Tyr residue and negatively regulate their kinase activity. While this regulatory function is biologically essential, Csk and Chk have also been excellent model PTKs for dissecting the structural basis of PTK catalysis and regulation. In this article, we review the structure-function studies of Csk and Chk that shed light on the regulatory and catalytic mechanisms of protein tyrosine kinases in general.
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10
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Jin Y, Ding Y, Richards M, Kaakinen M, Giese W, Baumann E, Szymborska A, Rosa A, Nordling S, Schimmel L, Akmeriç EB, Pena A, Nwadozi E, Jamalpour M, Holstein K, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Bernabeu MO, Welsh M, Gordon E, Franco CA, Vestweber D, Eklund L, Gerhardt H, Claesson-Welsh L. Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes controls endothelial junctional plasticity and barrier integrity by regulating VE-cadherin phosphorylation and endocytosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1156-1173. [PMID: 37936984 PMCID: PMC7615285 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in endothelial adherens junctions is an essential component of the vascular barrier, critical for tissue homeostasis and implicated in diseases such as cancer and retinopathies. Inhibitors of Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase have been applied to suppress VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and prevent excessive leakage, edema and high interstitial pressure. Here we show that the Src-related Yes tyrosine kinase, rather than Src, is localized at endothelial cell (EC) junctions where it becomes activated in a flow-dependent manner. EC-specific Yes1 deletion suppresses VE-cadherin phosphorylation and arrests VE-cadherin at EC junctions. This is accompanied by loss of EC collective migration and exaggerated agonist-induced macromolecular leakage. Overexpression of Yes1 causes ectopic VE-cadherin phosphorylation, while vascular leakage is unaffected. In contrast, in EC-specific Src-deficiency, VE-cadherin internalization is maintained, and leakage is suppressed. In conclusion, Yes-mediated phosphorylation regulates constitutive VE-cadherin turnover, thereby maintaining endothelial junction plasticity and vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yindi Ding
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mika Kaakinen
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Baumann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - André Rosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Emir Bora Akmeriç
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia Pena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - Joao lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katrin Holstein
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Gordon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Claudio A. Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - Joao lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Portugal
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Xu M, Bermea KC, Ayati M, Kim HB, Yang X, Medina A, Fu Z, Heravi A, Zhang X, Na CH, Everett AD, Gabrielson K, Foster DB, Paolocci N, Murphy AM, Ramirez-Correa GA. Alteration in tyrosine phosphorylation of cardiac proteome and EGFR pathway contribute to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1251. [PMID: 36380187 PMCID: PMC9666710 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of serine/threonine phosphorylation of the cardiac proteome are a hallmark of heart failure. However, the contribution of tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. We use global mapping to discover and quantify site-specific pTyr in two cardiac hypertrophic mouse models, i.e., cardiac overexpression of ErbB2 (TgErbB2) and α myosin heavy chain R403Q (R403Q-αMyHC Tg), compared to control hearts. From this, there are significant phosphoproteomic alterations in TgErbB2 mice in right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) pathways. On the other hand, R403Q-αMyHC Tg mice indicated that the EGFR1 pathway is central for cardiac hypertrophy, along with angiopoietin, ErbB, growth hormone, and chemokine signaling pathways activation. Surprisingly, most myofilament proteins have downregulation of pTyr rather than upregulation. Kinase-substrate enrichment analysis (KSEA) shows a marked downregulation of MAPK pathway activity downstream of k-Ras in TgErbB2 mice and activation of EGFR, focal adhesion, PDGFR, and actin cytoskeleton pathways. In vivo ErbB2 inhibition by AG-825 decreases cardiomyocyte disarray. Serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphoproteome confirm the above-described pathways and the effectiveness of AG-825 Treatment. Thus, altered pTyr may play a regulatory role in cardiac hypertrophic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguo Xu
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518115 China
| | - Kevin C. Bermea
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Marzieh Ayati
- grid.449717.80000 0004 5374 269XDeparment of Computer Science/College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburgh, Texas USA
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neurology/Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Andres Medina
- Department of Molecular Science/UT Health Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX USA
| | - Zongming Fu
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Amir Heravi
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neurology/Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biological Chemistry/McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Allen D. Everett
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - D. Brian Foster
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anne M. Murphy
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Genaro A. Ramirez-Correa
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics/Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,Department of Molecular Science/UT Health Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX USA
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12
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Retzbach EP, Sheehan SA, Krishnan H, Zheng H, Zhao C, Goldberg GS. Independent effects of Src kinase and podoplanin on anchorage independent cell growth and migration. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:677-689. [PMID: 35472679 PMCID: PMC9233000 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Src tyrosine kinase is a strong tumor promotor. Over a century of research has elucidated fundamental mechanisms that drive its oncogenic potential. Src phosphorylates effector proteins to promote hallmarks of tumor progression. For example, Src associates with the Cas focal adhesion adaptor protein to promote anchorage independent cell growth. In addition, Src phosphorylates Cas to induce Pdpn expression to promote cell migration. Pdpn is a transmembrane receptor that can independently increase cell migration in the absence of oncogenic Src kinase activity. However, to our knowledge, effects of Src kinase activity on anchorage independent cell growth and migration have not been examined in the absence of Pdpn expression. Here, we analyzed the effects of an inducible Src kinase construct in knockout cells with and without exogenous Pdpn expression on cell morphology migration and anchorage independent growth. We report that Src promoted anchorage independent cell growth in the absence of Pdpn expression. In contrast, Src was not able to promote cell migration in the absence of Pdpn expression. In addition, continued Src kinase activity was required for cells to assume a transformed morphology since cells reverted to a nontransformed morphology upon cessation of Src kinase activity. We also used phosphoproteomic analysis to identify 28 proteins that are phosphorylated in Src transformed cells in a Pdpn dependent manner. Taken together, these data indicate that Src utilizes Pdpn to promote transformed cell growth and motility in complementary, but parallel, as opposed to serial, pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Resources, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Resources, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Gary S. Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
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13
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In silico molecular docking and dynamic simulation of eugenol compounds against breast cancer. J Mol Model 2021; 28:17. [PMID: 34962586 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most severe problems, and it is the primary cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide. The adverse effects and therapeutic resistance development are among the most potent clinical issues for potent medications for breast cancer treatment. The eugenol molecules have a significant affinity for breast cancer receptors. The aim of the study has been on the eugenol compounds, which has potent actions on Erα, PR, EGFR, CDK2, mTOR, ERBB2, c-Src, HSP90, and chemokines receptors inhibition. Initially, the drug-likeness property was examined to evaluate the anti-breast cancer activity by applying Lipinski's rule of five on 120 eugenol molecules. Further, structure-based virtual screening was performed via molecular docking, as protein-like interactions play a vital role in drug development. The 3D structure of the receptors has been acquired from the protein data bank and is docked with 87 3D PubChem and ZINC structures of eugenol compounds, and five FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs using AutoDock Vina. Then, the compounds were subjected to three replica molecular dynamic simulations run of 100 ns per system. The results were evaluated using root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and protein-ligand interactions to indicate protein-ligand complex stability. The results confirm that Eugenol cinnamaldehyde has the best docking score for breast cancer, followed by Aspirin eugenol ester and 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenyl cinnamate. From the results obtained from in silico studies, we propose that the selected eugenols can be further investigated and evaluated for further lead optimization and drug development.
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14
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Alhalabi OT, Fletcher MNC, Hielscher T, Kessler T, Lokumcu T, Baumgartner U, Wittmann E, Schlue S, Göttmann M, Rahman S, Hai L, Hansen-Palmus L, Puccio L, Nakano I, Herold-Mende C, Day BW, Wick W, Sahm F, Phillips E, Goidts V. A novel patient stratification strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:39-51. [PMID: 34232320 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system with dismal prognosis. Genomic signatures classify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma into three subtypes: proneural, mesenchymal and classical. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of proto-oncogene kinase Src (SRC), is one of many therapeutics which, despite promising preclinical results, has failed to improve overall survival in glioblastoma patients in clinical trials. We examined whether glioblastoma subtypes differ in their response to dasatinib and could hence be evaluated for patient enrichment strategies in clinical trials. METHODS We carried out in silico analyses on glioblastoma gene expression (TCGA) and single-cell RNA-Seq data. In addition, in vitro experiments using glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) derived from primary patient tumors were performed, with complementary gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis of tumor samples. RESULTS Patients with the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma showed higher SRC pathway activation based on gene expression profiling. Accordingly, mesenchymal GSCs were more sensitive to SRC inhibition by dasatinib compared to proneural and classical GSCs. Notably, SRC phosphorylation status did not predict response to dasatinib treatment. Furthermore, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1 (SERPINH1), a collagen related heat-shock protein associated with cancer progression, was shown to correlate with dasatinib response and with the mesenchymal subtype. CONCLUSION This work highlights further molecular-based patient selection strategies in clinical trials and suggests the mesenchymal subtype as well as SERPINH1 to be associated with response to dasatinib. Our findings indicate that stratification based on gene expression subtyping should be considered in future dasatinib trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada T Alhalabi
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael N C Fletcher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Kessler
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tolga Lokumcu
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumgartner
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elena Wittmann
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silja Schlue
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Göttmann
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaman Rahman
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Junior Research Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Hansen-Palmus
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Puccio
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bryan W Day
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma Phillips
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Violaine Goidts
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Rudd CE. How the Discovery of the CD4/CD8-p56 lck Complexes Changed Immunology and Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626095. [PMID: 33791292 PMCID: PMC8005572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 25 years have seen enormous progress in uncovering the receptors and signaling mechanisms on T-cells that activate their various effecter functions. Until the late 1980s, most studies on T-cells had focused on the influx of calcium and the levels of cAMP/GMP in T-cells. My laboratory then uncovered the interaction of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors with the protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck which are now widely accepted as the initiators of the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade leading to T-cell activation. The finding explained how immune recognition receptors expressed by many immune cells, which lack intrinsic catalytic activity, can transduce activation signals via non-covalent association with non-receptor tyrosine kinases. The discovery also established the concept that a protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascade operated in T-cells. In this vein, we and others then showed that the CD4- and CD8-p56lck complexes phosphorylate the TCR complexes which led to the identification of other protein-tyrosine kinases such as ZAP-70 and an array of substrates that are now central to studies in T-cell immunity. Other receptors such as B-cell receptor, Fc receptors and others were also subsequently found to use src kinases to control cell growth. In T-cells, p56lck driven phosphorylation targets include co-receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4 and immune cell-specific adaptor proteins such as LAT and SLP-76 which act to integrate signals proximal to surface receptors. CD4/CD8-p56lck regulated events in T-cells include intracellular calcium mobilization, integrin activation and the induction of transcription factors for gene expression. Lastly, the identification of the targets of p56lck in the TCR and CD28 provided the framework for the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of cancer. In this review, I outline a history of the development of events that led to the development of the "TCR signaling paradigm" and its implications to immunology and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Integrin α6 mediates the drug resistance of acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia. Blood 2021; 136:210-223. [PMID: 32219444 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to multimodal chemotherapy continues to limit the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This occurs in part through a process called adhesion-mediated drug resistance, which depends on ALL cell adhesion to the stroma through adhesion molecules, including integrins. Integrin α6 has been implicated in minimal residual disease in ALL and in the migration of ALL cells to the central nervous system. However, it has not been evaluated in the context of chemotherapeutic resistance. Here, we show that the anti-human α6-blocking Ab P5G10 induces apoptosis in primary ALL cells in vitro and sensitizes primary ALL cells to chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibition in vitro and in vivo. We further analyzed the underlying mechanism of α6-associated apoptosis using a conditional knockout model of α6 in murine BCR-ABL1+ B-cell ALL cells and showed that α6-deficient ALL cells underwent apoptosis. In vivo deletion of α6 in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment was more effective in eradicating ALL than treatment with a TKI (nilotinib) alone. Proteomic analysis revealed that α6 deletion in murine ALL was associated with changes in Src signaling, including the upregulation of phosphorylated Lyn (pTyr507) and Fyn (pTyr530). Thus, our data support α6 as a novel therapeutic target for ALL.
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17
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Su B, Wu J. Phosphorylation of RIAM Activates Its Adaptor Function in Mediating Integrin Signaling. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:103-110. [PMID: 35128538 PMCID: PMC8813058 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.2.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cellular receptors that regulate cell adhesion and many other cellular functions. Integrins can be activated via an "inside-out pathway" that is promoted by RAP1 GTPase. RAP1-GTP-Interacting Adaptor Molecular (RIAM) mediates integrin activation by linking RAP1 GTPase to talin, an integrin activator. RIAM's function in integrin signaling is tightly regulated. In this commentary, we review recent studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying RIAM autoinhibition via both intramolecular interaction and oligomer assembly, and the phosphorylation-dependent activation of RIAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Correspondence should be addressed to Jinhua Wu;
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18
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Xu Y, Wu W, Han Q, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang P, Xu H. Post-translational modification control of RNA-binding protein hnRNPK function. Open Biol 2020; 9:180239. [PMID: 30836866 PMCID: PMC6451366 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK), a ubiquitously occurring RNA-binding protein (RBP), can interact with numerous nucleic acids and various proteins and is involved in a number of cellular functions including transcription, translation, splicing, chromatin remodelling, etc. Through its abundant biological functions, hnRNPK has been implicated in cellular events including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and the stress and immune responses. Thus, it is critical to understand the mechanism of hnRNPK regulation and its downstream effects on cancer and other diseases. A number of recent studies have highlighted that several post-translational modifications (PTMs) possibly play an important role in modulating hnRNPK function. Phosphorylation is the most widely occurring PTM in hnRNPK. For example, in vivo analyses of sites such as S116 and S284 illustrate the purpose of PTM of hnRNPK in altering its subcellular localization and its ability to bind target nucleic acids or proteins. Other PTMs such as methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage are increasingly implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, cellular stresses and tumour growth. In this review, we describe the PTMs that impact upon hnRNPK function on gene expression programmes and different disease states. This knowledge is key in allowing us to better understand the mechanism of hnRNPK regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Han
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cencen Li
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Dittmann A, Kennedy NJ, Soltero NL, Morshed N, Mana MD, Yilmaz ÖH, Davis RJ, White FM. High-fat diet in a mouse insulin-resistant model induces widespread rewiring of the phosphotyrosine signaling network. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8849. [PMID: 31464373 PMCID: PMC6674232 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20198849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and accompanying diseases have developed into a leading human health risk across industrialized and developing countries. The complex molecular underpinnings of how lipid overload and lipid metabolites lead to the deregulation of metabolic processes are incompletely understood. We assessed hepatic post-translational alterations in response to treatment of cells with saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids and the consumption of a high-fat diet by mice. These data revealed widespread tyrosine phosphorylation changes affecting a large number of enzymes involved in metabolic processes as well as canonical receptor-mediated signal transduction networks. Targeting two of the most prominently affected molecular features in our data, SRC-family kinase activity and elevated reactive oxygen species, significantly abrogated the effects of saturated fat exposure in vitro and high-fat diet in vivo. In summary, we present a comprehensive view of diet-induced alterations of tyrosine signaling networks, including proteins involved in fundamental metabolic pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids/pharmacology
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphotyrosine/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proteomics/methods
- Rats
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Dittmann
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Norman J Kennedy
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Nina L Soltero
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Nader Morshed
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of PathologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Forest M White
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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20
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Shah K, Kim H. The significant others: Global search for direct kinase substrates using chemical approaches. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:721-737. [PMID: 30801966 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases function as key signaling hubs in the intricate network of biochemical signaling processes in the living cell. More than two-thirds of the human proteome is estimated to be phosphorylated at ~960,000 phosphosites, which makes it challenging to identify the direct contribution of any desired kinase in generating this phosphoproteome. In this review, we discuss some of the methods that have been developed over the years for global identification of kinase substrates. The methods are essentially categorized into two classes, namely, (i) direct tagging of kinase substrates and (ii) indirect phosphoproteomics-based approaches. We discuss the advantages and limitations entailed to each of the method introduced, with a special emphasis on the analog-sensitive (as) kinase approach method. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):721-737, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Signals Getting Crossed in the Entanglement of Redox and Phosphorylation Pathways: Phosphorylation of Peroxiredoxin Proteins Sparks Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020029. [PMID: 30678096 PMCID: PMC6406269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have cell signaling properties and are involved in a multitude of processes beyond redox homeostasis. The peroxiredoxin (Prdx) proteins are highly sensitive intracellular peroxidases that can coordinate cell signaling via direct reactive species scavenging or by acting as a redox sensor that enables control of binding partner activity. Oxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine residue of Prdx proteins are the classical post-translational modification that has been recognized to modulate downstream signaling cascades, but increasing evidence supports that dynamic changes to phosphorylation of Prdx proteins is also an important determinant in redox signaling. Phosphorylation of Prdx proteins affects three-dimensional structure and function to coordinate cell proliferation, wound healing, cell fate and lipid signaling. The advent of large proteomic datasets has shown that there are many opportunities to understand further how phosphorylation of Prdx proteins fit into intracellular signaling cascades in normal or malignant cells and that more research is necessary. This review summarizes the Prdx family of proteins and details how post-translational modification by kinases and phosphatases controls intracellular signaling.
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22
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Ma X, Zhang L, Song J, Nguyen E, Lee RS, Rodgers SJ, Li F, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Chan H, Chheang C, Wu J, Brown KK, Mitchell CA, Simpson KJ, Daly RJ. Characterization of the Src-regulated kinome identifies SGK1 as a key mediator of Src-induced transformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 30655532 PMCID: PMC6336867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress, our understanding of how specific oncogenes transform cells is still limited and likely underestimates the complexity of downstream signalling events. To address this gap, we use mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics to characterize the global impact of an oncogene on the expressed kinome, and then functionally annotate the regulated kinases. As an example, we identify 63 protein kinases exhibiting altered expression and/or phosphorylation in Src-transformed mammary epithelial cells. An integrated siRNA screen identifies nine kinases, including SGK1, as being essential for Src-induced transformation. Accordingly, we find that Src positively regulates SGK1 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells, which exhibit a prominent signalling network governed by Src family kinases. Furthermore, combined inhibition of Src and SGK1 reduces colony formation and xenograft growth more effectively than either treatment alone. Therefore, this approach not only provides mechanistic insights into oncogenic transformation but also aids the design of improved therapeutic strategies. The systemic understanding of oncogenic kinase signalling is still limited. Here, the authors combine chemical proteomics with functional screens to assess the impact of oncogenic Src on the expressed kinome and identify SGK1 as a critical mediator of Src-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuquan Ma
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luxi Zhang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel S Lee
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel J Rodgers
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fuyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Howard Chan
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Therapeutics Program and Cancer Metabolism Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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23
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Doronzo G, Astanina E, Corà D, Chiabotto G, Comunanza V, Noghero A, Neri F, Puliafito A, Primo L, Spampanato C, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Camussi G, Oliviero S, Bussolino F. TFEB controls vascular development by regulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798250. [PMID: 30591554 PMCID: PMC6356157 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFEB is thought to control cellular functions—including in the vascular bed—primarily via regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux. Here, we report that TFEB also orchestrates a non‐canonical program that controls the cell cycle/VEGFR2 pathway in the developing vasculature. In endothelial cells, TFEB depletion halts proliferation at the G1‐S transition by inhibiting the CDK4/Rb pathway. TFEB‐deficient cells attempt to compensate for this limitation by increasing VEGFR2 levels at the plasma membrane via microRNA‐mediated mechanisms and controlled membrane trafficking. TFEB stimulates expression of the miR‐15a/16‐1 cluster, which limits VEGFR2 transcript stability and negatively modulates expression of MYO1C, a regulator of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface. Altered levels of miR‐15a/16‐1 and MYO1C in TFEB‐depleted cells cause increased expression of plasma membrane VEGFR2, but in a manner associated with low signaling strength. An endothelium‐specific Tfeb‐knockout mouse model displays defects in fetal and newborn mouse vasculature caused by reduced endothelial proliferation and by anomalous function of the VEGFR2 pathway. These previously unrecognized functions of TFEB expand its role beyond regulation of the autophagic pathway in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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24
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AXL phosphorylates and up-regulates TNS2 and its implications in IRS-1-associated metabolism in cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:80. [PMID: 30419905 PMCID: PMC6233515 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TNS2 is a focal adhesions protein and a binding partner for many proteins, including the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Although TNS2 can bind with Axl, the details of their interactions have not been elucidated. TNS2 is involved in IRS-1 signaling pathway. In this study, we confirmed the relationship between TNS2 expression and the expression of Axl, IRS-1, PDK1 and Glut4 in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods The expression levels of TNS2, Axl, IRS-1, PDK1 and Glut4 in human cancer cells were measured by Western blot and/or IP-Western blot assays. Paired samples of pancreatic cancer and non-cancer tissues were obtained from 33 patients and were used to construct tissue microarrays. The expression levels of these markers in the tissue microarrays were measured by enzyme-linked Immunohistochemistry assay, and the relationships were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test and two-tailed t-test analysis. Results We demonstrated for the first time that TNS2 is a phosphorylation substrate of Axl. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between TNS2 expression and the expression of Axl, IRS-1, PDK1 and Glut4 in pancreatic cancer patients. Based on these results, we suggest that Axl modulates glucose metabolism potentially through TNS2 and IRS-1. We hypothesize that there exists a novel mechanism whereby Axl binds to and phosphorylates TNS2, releasing TNS2 from interaction with IRS-1 and resulting in increased stability of IRS-1. The two key enzymes of aerobic glycolysis (Glut4 and PDK1) were found to be up-regulated by Axl/TNS2/IRS-1 cross-talk and may play a critical role in glucose metabolism of cancer cells. Conclusions Our results revealed for the first time that Axl binds to and phosphorylates TNS2 and that Axl/TNS2/IRS-1 cross-talk may potentially play a critical role in glucose metabolism of cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0465-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron B. Au-Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Neel H. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lin Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;,
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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26
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Goel RK, Paczkowska M, Reimand J, Napper S, Lukong KE. Phosphoproteomics Analysis Identifies Novel Candidate Substrates of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase, Src- related Kinase Lacking C-terminal Regulatory Tyrosine and N-terminal Myristoylation Sites (SRMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:925-947. [PMID: 29496907 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites), also known as PTK 70 (Protein tyrosine kinase 70), is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the BRK family of kinases (BFKs). To date less is known about the cellular role of SRMS primarily because of the unidentified substrates or signaling intermediates regulated by the kinase. In this study, we used phosphotyrosine antibody-based immunoaffinity purification in large-scale label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify novel candidate substrates of SRMS. Our analyses led to the identification of 1258 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides which mapped to 663 phosphoproteins, exclusively from SRMS-expressing cells. DOK1, a previously characterized SRMS substrate, was also identified in our analyses. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the candidate SRMS substrates were enriched in various biological processes including protein ubiquitination, mitotic cell cycle, energy metabolism and RNA processing, as well as Wnt and TNF signaling. Analyses of the sequence surrounding the phospho-sites in these proteins revealed novel candidate SRMS consensus substrate motifs. We utilized customized high-throughput peptide arrays to validate a subset of the candidate SRMS substrates identified in our MS-based analyses. Finally, we independently validated Vimentin and Sam68, as bona fide SRMS substrates through in vitro and in vivo assays. Overall, our study identified a number of novel and biologically relevant SRMS candidate substrates, which suggests the involvement of the kinase in a vast array of unexplored cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marta Paczkowska
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada.,¶Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.,‖Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E3, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada;
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27
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Wang Z, Kim MS, Martinez-Ferrando I, Koleske AJ, Pandey A, Cole PA. Analysis of Cellular Tyrosine Phosphorylation via Chemical Rescue of Conditionally Active Abl Kinase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1390-1398. [PMID: 29341593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying direct substrates targeted by protein kinases is important in understanding cellular physiology and intracellular signal transduction. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics provides a powerful tool for comprehensively characterizing the downstream substrates of protein kinases. This approach is efficiently applied to receptor kinases that can be precisely, directly, and rapidly activated by some agent, such as a growth factor. However, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Abl lacks the experimental advantage of extracellular growth factors as immediate and direct stimuli. To circumvent this limitation, we combine a chemical rescue approach with quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify targets of Abl and their phosphorylation sites with enhanced temporal resolution. Both known and novel putative substrates are identified, presenting opportunities for studying unanticipated functions of Abl under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Martinez-Ferrando
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Departments of Oncology and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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28
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c-Src activity is differentially required by cancer cell motility modes. Oncogene 2018; 37:2104-2121. [PMID: 29379163 PMCID: PMC5906457 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration requires that cells respond and adapt to their surroundings. In the absence of extracellular matrix cues, cancer cells will undergo a mesenchymal to ameboid transition, whereas a highly confining space will trigger a switch to “leader bleb-based” migration. To identify oncogenic signaling pathways mediating these transitions, we undertook a targeted screen using clinically useful inhibitors. Elevated Src activity was found to change actin and focal adhesion dynamics, whereas inhibiting Src triggered focal adhesion disassembly and blebbing. On non-adherent substrates and in collagen matrices, amoeboid-like, blebbing cells having high Src activity formed protrusions of the plasma membrane. To evaluate the role of Src in confined cells, we use a novel approach that places cells under a slab of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is held at a defined height. Using this method, we find that leader bleb-based migration is resistant to Src inhibition. High Src activity was found to markedly change the architecture of cortical actomyosin, reduce cell mechanical properties, and the percentage of cells that undergo leader bleb-based migration. Thus, Src is a signal transducer that can potently influence transitions between migration modes with implications for the rational development of metastasis inhibitors.
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29
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LPP is a Src substrate required for invadopodia formation and efficient breast cancer lung metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15059. [PMID: 28436416 PMCID: PMC5413977 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that lipoma preferred partner (LPP) mediates TGFβ-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Herein, we demonstrate that diminished LPP expression reduces circulating tumour cell numbers, impairs cancer cell extravasation and diminishes lung metastasis. LPP localizes to invadopodia, along with Tks5/actin, at sites of matrix degradation and at the tips of extravasating breast cancer cells as revealed by intravital imaging of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Invadopodia formation, breast cancer cell extravasation and metastasis require an intact LPP LIM domain and the ability of LPP to interact with α-actinin. Finally, we show that Src-mediated LPP phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues (Y245/301/302) is critical for invadopodia formation, breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Together, these data define a previously unknown function for LPP in the formation of invadopodia and reveal a requirement for LPP in mediating the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells.
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30
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are uniquely required to balance the formation of new blood vessels with the maintenance and remodelling of existing ones, during development and in adult tissues. Recent advances have greatly expanded our understanding of the tight and multi-level regulation of VEGFR2 signalling, which is the primary focus of this Review. Important insights have been gained into the regulatory roles of VEGFR-interacting proteins (such as neuropilins, proteoglycans, integrins and protein tyrosine phosphatases); the dynamics of VEGFR2 endocytosis, trafficking and signalling; and the crosstalk between VEGF-induced signalling and other endothelial signalling cascades. A clear understanding of this multifaceted signalling web is key to successful therapeutic suppression or stimulation of vascular growth.
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31
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Gordon EJ, Fukuhara D, Weström S, Padhan N, Sjöström EO, van Meeteren L, He L, Orsenigo F, Dejana E, Bentley K, Spurkland A, Claesson-Welsh L. The endothelial adaptor molecule TSAd is required for VEGF-induced angiogenic sprouting through junctional c-Src activation. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra72. [PMID: 27436360 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by VEGF binding is critical for vascular morphogenesis. In addition, VEGF disrupts the endothelial barrier by triggering the phosphorylation and turnover of the junctional molecule VE-cadherin, a process mediated by the VEGFR2 downstream effectors T cell-specific adaptor (TSAd) and the tyrosine kinase c-Src. We investigated whether the VEGFR2-TSAd-c-Src pathway was required for angiogenic sprouting. Indeed, Tsad-deficient embryoid bodies failed to sprout in response to VEGF. Tsad-deficient mice displayed impaired angiogenesis specifically during tracheal vessel development, but not during retinal vasculogenesis, and in VEGF-loaded Matrigel plugs, but not in those loaded with FGF. The SH2 and proline-rich domains of TSAd bridged VEGFR2 and c-Src, and this bridging was critical for the localization of activated c-Src to endothelial junctions and elongation of the growing sprout, but not for selection of the tip cell. These results revealed that vascular sprouting and permeability are both controlled through the VEGFR2-TSAd-c-Src signaling pathway in a subset of tissues, which may be useful in developing strategies to control tissue-specific pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
| | - Daisuke Fukuhara
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Simone Weström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Narendra Padhan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Elisabet O Sjöström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Laurens van Meeteren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden. FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Katie Bentley
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 20, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
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Sirvent A, Urbach S, Roche S. Contribution of phosphoproteomics in understanding SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:232-44. [PMID: 25403792 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (non-RTK) SRC is a critical regulator of signal transduction induced by a large variety of cell-surface receptors, including RTKs that bind to growth factors to control cell growth and migration. When deregulated, SRC shows strong oncogenic activity, probably because of its capacity to promote RTK-mediated downstream signaling even in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Accordingly, SRC is frequently deregulated in human cancer and is thought to play important roles during tumorigenesis. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which SRC controls signaling is incomplete due to the limited number of key substrates identified so far. Here, we review how phosphoproteomic methods have changed our understanding of the mechanisms underlying SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells and discuss how these novel findings can be used to improve therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting SRC signaling in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sirvent
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier 1 and 2, CRBM, Montpellier, France
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Sato H, Nagashima K, Ogura M, Sato Y, Tahara Y, Ogura K, Yamano G, Sugizaki K, Fujita N, Tatsuoka H, Usui R, Mukai E, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N. Src regulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism by influencing subcellular localization of glucokinase in pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:171-8. [PMID: 27042268 PMCID: PMC4773676 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Src, a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates a wide range of cellular functions, and hyperactivity of Src is involved in impaired glucose metabolism in pancreatic β‐cells. However, the physiological role of Src in glucose metabolism in normal, unstressed β‐cells remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Src in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Materials and Methods Src was downregulated using small interfering ribonucleic acid in INS‐1 cells, and glucose‐induced insulin secretion, adenosine triphosphate content, intracellular calcium concentration, glucose utilization and glucokinase activity were measured. Expression levels of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein of glucokinase were examined by semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Cells were fractionated by digitonin treatment, and subcellular localization of glucokinase was examined by immunoblotting. Interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was estimated by immunoprecipitation. Results In Src downregulated INS‐1 cells, glucose‐induced insulin secretion was impaired, whereas insulin secretion induced by high K+ was not affected. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate content and elevation of intracellular calcium concentration by glucose stimulation were suppressed by Src downregulation. Src downregulation reduced glucose utilization in the presence of high glucose, which was accompanied by a reduction in glucokinase activity without affecting its expression. However, Src downregulation reduced glucokinase in soluble, cytoplasmic fraction, and increased it in pellet containing intaracellular organelles. In addition, interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was facilitated by Src downregulation. Conclusions Src plays an important role in glucose‐induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β‐cells through maintaining subcellular localization and activity of glucokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahito Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yumiko Tahara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kasane Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Gen Yamano
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazu Sugizaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hisato Tatsuoka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryota Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Eri Mukai
- Department of Medical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Machiyama H, Yamaguchi T, Sawada Y, Watanabe TM, Fujita H. SH3 domain of c-Src governs its dynamics at focal adhesions and the cell membrane. FEBS J 2015; 282:4034-55. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Research Institute; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities; Saitama Japan
| | - Tomonobu M. Watanabe
- Immunology Frontier Research Center; Osaka University; Suita Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center; Riken; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Immunology Frontier Research Center; Osaka University; Suita Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center; Riken; Suita Osaka Japan
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Noncanonical role of transferrin receptor 1 is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11714-9. [PMID: 26324903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511701112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) facilitates cellular iron uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-loaded transferrin. It is expressed in the intestinal epithelium but not involved in dietary iron absorption. To investigate its role, we inactivated the Tfr1 gene selectively in murine intestinal epithelial cells. The mutant mice had severe disruption of the epithelial barrier and early death. There was impaired proliferation of intestinal epithelial cell progenitors, aberrant lipid handling, increased mRNA expression of stem cell markers, and striking induction of many genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Administration of parenteral iron did not improve the phenotype. Surprisingly, however, enforced expression of a mutant allele of Tfr1 that is unable to serve as a receptor for iron-loaded transferrin appeared to fully rescue most animals. Our results implicate Tfr1 in homeostatic maintenance of the intestinal epithelium, acting through a role that is independent of its iron-uptake function.
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Abstract
Protein kinases transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP onto target proteins and play a critical role in signal transduction and other cellular processes. Here, we review the kinase kinetic and chemical mechanisms and their application in understanding kinase structure and function. Aberrant kinase activity has been implicated in many human diseases, in particular cancer. We highlight applications of technologies and concepts derived from kinase mechanistic studies that have helped illuminate how kinases are regulated and contribute to pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Sahasrabuddhe NA, Huang TC, Kumar P, Yang Y, Ghosh B, Leach SD, Chaerkady R, Pandey A. Ablation of Dicer leads to widespread perturbation of signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:389-94. [PMID: 26032504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dicer is an essential ribonuclease involved in the biogenesis of miRNAs. Previous studies have reported downregulation of Dicer in multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. To identify signaling pathways that are altered upon Dicer depletion, we carried out quantitative phosphotyrosine profiling of liver tissue from Dicer knockout mice. We employed antibody-based enrichment of phosphotyrosine containing peptides coupled with SILAC spike-in approach for quantitation. High resolution mass spectrometry-based analysis identified 349 phosphotyrosine peptides corresponding to 306 unique phosphosites of which 75 were hyperphosphorylated and 78 were hypophosphorylated. Several receptor tyrosine kinases including MET, PDGF receptor alpha, Insulin-like growth factor 1 and Insulin receptor as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases such as Src family kinases were found to be hyperphosphorylated upon depletion of Dicer. In addition, signaling molecules such as IRS-2 and STAT3 were hyperphosphorylated. Activation of these signaling pathways has been implicated previously in various types of cancers. Interestingly, we observed hypophosphorylation of molecules including focal adhesion kinase and paxillin. Our study profiles the perturbed signaling pathways in response to dysregulated miRNAs resulting from depletion of Dicer. Our findings warrant further studies to investigate oncogenic effects of downregulation of Dicer in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini A Sahasrabuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Tai-Chung Huang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Yi Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bidyut Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Cheng E, Whitsett TG, Tran NL, Winkles JA. The TWEAK Receptor Fn14 Is an Src-Inducible Protein and a Positive Regulator of Src-Driven Cell Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:575-83. [PMID: 25392346 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The TNF receptor superfamily member Fn14 (TNFRSF12A) is the sole signaling receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine TWEAK (TNFSF12). TWEAK Fn14 engagement stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, and this triggers important cellular processes (e.g., growth, differentiation, migration, and invasion). The TWEAK-Fn14 axis is thought to be a major physiologic mediator of tissue repair after acute injury. Various studies have revealed that Fn14 is highly expressed in many solid tumor types, and that Fn14 signaling may play a role in tumor growth and metastasis. Previously, it was shown that Fn14 levels are frequently elevated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and cell lines that exhibit constitutive EGFR phosphorylation (activation). Furthermore, elevated Fn14 levels increased NSCLC cell invasion in vitro and lung metastatic tumor colonization in vivo. The present study reveals that EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells that express high levels of Fn14 exhibit constitutive activation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src, and that treatment with the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor dasatinib decreases Fn14 gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, siRNA-mediated depletion of the SFK member Src in NSCLC cells also decreases Fn14 expression. Finally, expression of the constitutively active v-Src oncoprotein in NIH 3T3 cells induces Fn14 gene expression, and NIH 3T3/v-Src cells require Fn14 expression for full invasive capacity. IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that oncogenic Src may contribute to Fn14 overexpression in solid tumors, and that Src-mediated cell invasion could potentially be inhibited with Fn14-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy G Whitsett
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Invadopodia are required for cancer cell extravasation and are a therapeutic target for metastasis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1558-70. [PMID: 25176655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell extravasation is a key step during cancer metastasis, yet the precise mechanisms that regulate this dynamic process are unclear. We utilized a high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging approach to visualize the dynamics of cancer cell extravasation in vivo. During intravascular migration, cancer cells form protrusive structures identified as invadopodia by their enrichment of MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks4, and importantly Tks5, which localizes exclusively to invadopodia. Cancer cells extend invadopodia through the endothelium into the extravascular stroma prior to their extravasation at endothelial junctions. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of invadopodia initiation (cortactin), maturation (Tks5), or function (Tks4) resulted in an abrogation of cancer cell extravasation and metastatic colony formation in an experimental mouse lung metastasis model. This provides direct evidence of a functional role for invadopodia during cancer cell extravasation and distant metastasis and reveals an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in this clinically important process.
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Newburn EN, Duchemin AM, Neff NH, Hadjiconstantinou M. GM1 ganglioside enhances Ret signaling in striatum. J Neurochem 2014; 130:541-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Newburn
- Department of Pharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry; Division of Molecular Psychopharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Norton H. Neff
- Department of Pharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Division of Molecular Psychopharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Maria Hadjiconstantinou
- Department of Pharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Division of Molecular Psychopharmacology; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio USA
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Silva AMN, Vitorino R, Domingues MRM, Spickett CM, Domingues P. Post-translational modifications and mass spectrometry detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:925-941. [PMID: 24002012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide a comprehensive bibliographic overview of the role of mass spectrometry and the recent technical developments in the detection of post-translational modifications (PTMs). We briefly describe the principles of mass spectrometry for detecting PTMs and the protein and peptide enrichment strategies for PTM analysis, including phosphorylation, acetylation and oxidation. This review presents a bibliographic overview of the scientific achievements and the recent technical development in the detection of PTMs is provided. In order to ascertain the state of the art in mass spectrometry and proteomics methodologies for the study of PTMs, we analyzed all the PTM data introduced in the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) and the literature published in the last three years. The evolution of curated data in UniProt for proteins annotated as being post-translationally modified is also analyzed. Additionally, we have undertaken a careful analysis of the research articles published in the years 2010 to 2012 reporting the detection of PTMs in biological samples by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M N Silva
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7 ET, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Hertz NT, Berthet A, Sos ML, Thorn KS, Burlingame AL, Nakamura K, Shokat KM. A neo-substrate that amplifies catalytic activity of parkinson's-disease-related kinase PINK1. Cell 2013; 154:737-47. [PMID: 23953109 PMCID: PMC3950538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 that reduce kinase activity are associated with mitochondrial defects and result in an autosomal-recessive form of early-onset PD. Therapeutic approaches for enhancing the activity of PINK1 have not been considered because no allosteric regulatory sites for PINK1 are known. Here, we show that an alternative strategy, a neo-substrate approach involving the ATP analog kinetin triphosphate (KTP), can be used to increase the activity of both PD-related mutant PINK1(G309D) and PINK1(WT). Moreover, we show that application of the KTP precursor kinetin to cells results in biologically significant increases in PINK1 activity, manifest as higher levels of Parkin recruitment to depolarized mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial motility in axons, and lower levels of apoptosis. Discovery of neo-substrates for kinases could provide a heretofore-unappreciated modality for regulating kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T. Hertz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amandine Berthet
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin L. Sos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kurt S. Thorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Al L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology and Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Aten TM, Redmond MM, Weaver SO, Love CC, Joy RM, Lapp AS, Rivera OD, Hinkle KL, Ballif BA. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the orphan receptor ESDN/DCBLD2 serves as a scaffold for the signaling adaptor CrkL. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tyrosine Kinases in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cells respond to external stimuli by transducing signals through a series of intracellular molecules and eliciting an appropriate response. The cascade of events through which the signals are transduced include post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation in addition to formation of multi-protein complexes. Improvements in biological mass spectrometry and protein/peptide microarray technology have tremendously improved our ability to probe proteins, protein complexes, and signaling pathways in a high-throughput fashion. Today, a single mass spectrometry-based investigation of a signaling pathway has the potential to uncover the large majority of known signaling intermediates painstakingly characterized over decades in addition to discovering a number of novel ones. Here, we discuss various proteomic strategies to characterize signaling pathways and provide protocols for phosphoproteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
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46
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Systems Analysis of Arrestin Pathway Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 118:431-67. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394440-5.00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Regulation of adherens junction dynamics by phosphorylation switches. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:125295. [PMID: 22848810 PMCID: PMC3403498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/125295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions connect the actin cytoskeleton of neighboring cells through transmembrane cadherin receptors and a network of adaptor proteins. The interactions between these adaptors and cadherin as well as the activity of actin regulators localized to adherens junctions are tightly controlled to facilitate cell junction assembly or disassembly in response to changes in external or internal forces and/or signaling. Phosphorylation of tyrosine, serine, or threonine residues acts as a switch on the majority of adherens junction proteins, turning "on" or "off" their interactions with other proteins and/or their enzymatic activity. Here, we provide an overview of the kinases and phosphatases regulating phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and bring examples of phosphorylation events leading to the assembly or disassembly of adherens junctions, highlighting the important role of phosphorylation switches in regulating their dynamics.
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