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Kovács SA, Fekete JT, Győrffy B. Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response with pharmacological applications in solid tumors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1879-1889. [PMID: 37055532 PMCID: PMC10462766 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors show promising effects in the treatment of multiple tumor types. Biomarkers are biological indicators used to select patients for a systemic anticancer treatment, but there are only a few clinically useful biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden, which can be used to predict immunotherapy response. In this study, we established a database consisting of both gene expression and clinical data to identify biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies. A GEO screening was executed to identify datasets with simultaneously available clinical response and transcriptomic data regardless of cancer type. The screening was restricted to the studies involving administration of anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab) or anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) agents. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Mann-Whitney test were executed across all genes to identify features related to therapy response. The database consisted of 1434 tumor tissue samples from 19 datasets with esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, and urothelial cancers, plus melanoma. The strongest druggable gene candidates linked to anti-PD-1 resistance were SPIN1 (AUC = 0.682, P = 9.1E-12), SRC (AUC = 0.667, P = 5.9E-10), SETD7 (AUC = 0.663, P = 1.0E-09), FGFR3 (AUC = 0.657, P = 3.7E-09), YAP1 (AUC = 0.655, P = 6.0E-09), TEAD3 (AUC = 0.649, P = 4.1E-08) and BCL2 (AUC = 0.634, P = 9.7E-08). In the anti-CTLA-4 treatment cohort, BLCAP (AUC = 0.735, P = 2.1E-06) was the most promising gene candidate. No therapeutically relevant target was found to be predictive in the anti-PD-L1 cohort. In the anti-PD-1 group, we were able to confirm the significant correlation with survival for the mismatch-repair genes MLH1 and MSH6. A web platform for further analysis and validation of new biomarker candidates was set up and available at https://www.rocplot.com/immune . In summary, a database and a web platform were established to investigate biomarkers of immunotherapy response in a large cohort of solid tumor samples. Our results could help to identify new patient cohorts eligible for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Anna Kovács
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Jahangirian E, Zargan J, Rabbani H, Zamani J. Investigating the inhibitory and penetrating properties of three novel anticancer and antimicrobial scorpion peptides via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15354-15385. [PMID: 36927377 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2188956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The two types of bladder cancer, muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive (NMIBC), are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite this, even though muscle-invasive bladder cancer is more deadly, NMIBC requires more therapy due to a greater recurrence rate and more extended and expensive care. Immunotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, cystoscopy, and transurethral resection (TUR) are among the treatments available. Crude scorpion venomand purified proteins and peptides, can suppress cancer metastasis in an in vitro or in vivo context, suppress cancer growth, halt the cell cycle, and cause cell apoptosis, according to an increasing number of experimental and preclinical studies. In this research, three novels discovered peptides (P2, P3 and P4. ProteomeXchange: PXD036231) from Buthotus saulcyi and, Odontobuthus doriae scorpions were used along with a peptide called pantinin (as a control). The phylogenetic tree showed that the peptides belong to Chaperonin HSP60, Chrysophsin2 and Pheromone-binding protein2, respectively. These peptides were docked with four known antigens, BAGE, BLCAP, PRAME and ROR1 related to bladder cancer and three bacterial antigens FliC, FliD and FimH to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The results showed that peptides 2 and 3 have the best binding rate. The MD simulation results also confirmed the binding of peptides 2 and 3 to antigens. The penetration power of peptides 2 and 3 in the membrane of cancer cells and bacterial cells was also simulated, and the results of RMSD and PD confirmed it. QSAR suggests that peptides 2 and 3 can act as anti-cancer and anti-microbial peptides.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jahangirian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamil Zargan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Krushkal J, Vural S, Jensen TL, Wright G, Zhao Y. Increased copy number of imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 is associated with resistance to antitumor agents in cancer cell lines. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:161. [PMID: 36461044 PMCID: PMC9716673 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent of origin-specific allelic expression of imprinted genes is epigenetically controlled. In cancer, imprinted genes undergo both genomic and epigenomic alterations, including frequent copy number changes. We investigated whether copy number loss or gain of imprinted genes in cancer cell lines is associated with response to chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS We analyzed 198 human imprinted genes including protein-coding genes and noncoding RNA genes using data from tumor cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer datasets. We examined whether copy number of the imprinted genes in 35 different genome locations was associated with response to cancer drug treatment. We also analyzed associations of pretreatment expression and DNA methylation of imprinted genes with drug response. Higher copy number of BLCAP, GNAS, NNAT, GNAS-AS1, HM13, MIR296, MIR298, and PSIMCT-1 in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with resistance to multiple antitumor agents. Increased expression of BLCAP and HM13 was also associated with drug resistance, whereas higher methylation of gene regions of BLCAP, NNAT, SGK2, and GNAS was associated with drug sensitivity. While expression and methylation of imprinted genes in several other chromosomal regions was also associated with drug response and many imprinted genes in different chromosomal locations showed a considerable copy number variation, only imprinted genes at 20q11-q13.32 had a consistent association of their copy number with drug response. Copy number values among the imprinted genes in the 20q11-q13.32 region were strongly correlated. They were also correlated with the copy number of cancer-related non-imprinted genes MYBL2, AURKA, and ZNF217 in that chromosomal region. Expression of genes at 20q11-q13.32 was associated with ex vivo drug response in primary tumor samples from the Beat AML 1.0 acute myeloid leukemia patient cohort. Association of the increased copy number of the 20q11-q13.32 region with drug resistance may be complex and could involve multiple genes. CONCLUSIONS Copy number of imprinted and non-imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with cancer drug resistance. The genes in this chromosomal region may have a modulating effect on tumor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Suleyman Vural
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - George Wright
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Chen JQ, Salas LA, Wiencke JK, Koestler DC, Molinaro AM, Andrew AS, Seigne JD, Karagas MR, Kelsey KT, Christensen BC. Immune profiles and DNA methylation alterations related with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer outcomes. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 35063012 PMCID: PMC8783448 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients receive frequent monitoring because ≥ 70% will have recurrent disease. However, screening is invasive, expensive, and associated with significant morbidity making bladder cancer the most expensive cancer to treat per capita. There is an urgent need to expand the understanding of markers related to recurrence and survival outcomes of NMIBC. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array to measure peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles of NMIBC patients (N = 603) enrolled in a population-based cohort study in New Hampshire and applied cell type deconvolution to estimate immune cell-type proportions. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we identified that increasing CD4T and CD8T cell proportions were associated with a statistically significant decreased hazard of tumor recurrence or death (CD4T: HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-1.00; CD8T: HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00), whereas increasing monocyte proportion and methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (mdNLR) were associated with the increased hazard of tumor recurrence or death (monocyte: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.07; mdNLR: HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04-1.20). Then, using an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) approach adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, BCG treatment status, and immune cell profiles, we identified 2528 CpGs associated with the hazard of tumor recurrence or death (P < 0.005). Among these CpGs, the 1572 were associated with an increased hazard and were significantly enriched in open sea regions; the 956 remaining CpGs were associated with a decreased hazard and were significantly enriched in enhancer regions and DNase hypersensitive sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand on the knowledge of immune profiles and methylation alteration associated with NMIBC outcomes and represent a first step toward the development of DNA methylation-based biomarkers of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - John D Seigne
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Systems Biology, and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, 660 Williamson Translation Research Building, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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5
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Kim J, Jin P, Yang W, Kim WJ. Proteomic profiling of bladder cancer for precision medicine in the clinical setting: A review for the busy urologist. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 61:539-554. [PMID: 33135400 PMCID: PMC7606121 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, proteomic methods have successfully identified potential biomarkers of urological malignancies, such as prostate cancer (PC), bladder cancer (BC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), reflecting different numbers of key cellular processes, including extracellular environment modification, invasion and metastasis, chemotaxis, differentiation, metabolite transport, and apoptosis. The potential application of proteomics in the detection of clinical markers of urological malignancies can help improve patient assessment through early cancer detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction. A variety of proteomic studies have already been carried out to find prognostic BC biomarkers, and a large number of potential biomarkers have been reported. It is worth noting that proteomics research has not been applied to the study of predictive markers; this may be due to the incompatibility between the number of measured variables and the available sample size, which has become particularly evident in the study of therapeutic response. On the contrary, prognostic correlation is more common, which is also reflected in existing research. We are now entering an era of clinical proteomics. Driven by proteomic-based workflows, computing tools, and the applicability of cross-correlation of proteomic data, it is now feasible to use proteomic analysis to support personalized medicine. In this paper, we will summarize the current emerging technologies for advanced discovery, targeted proteomics, and proteomic applications in BC, particularly in discovery of human-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wun Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.,Institute of UroTech, Cheongju, Korea.
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6
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Wilson JL, Antoniassi MP, Lopes PI, Azevedo H. Proteomic research and diagnosis in bladder cancer: state of the art review. Int Braz J Urol 2020; 47:503-514. [PMID: 32459456 PMCID: PMC7993960 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.99.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Proteomic biomarkers have been emerging as alternative methods to the gold standard procedures of cystoscopy and urine cytology in the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer (BC). This review aims to update the state of the art of proteomics research and diagnosis in BC. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the current literature related to BC research on urinary, tissue, blood and cell line proteomics, using the Pubmed database. Findings: Two urinary protein biomarkers are FDA-approved (NMP22® and BTA® tests), only if performed along with cystoscopy for surveillance after initial diagnosis, but not in the primary diagnostic setting due to high false-positive rates in case of infections, stones and hematuria. There are a great number of non-FDA approved proteins being studied, with good preliminary results; panels of proteins seem valuable tools to be refined in ongoing trials. Blood proteins are a bigger challenge, because of the complexity of the serum protein profile and the scarcity of blood proteomic studies in BC. Previous studies with the BC tissue proteome do not correlate well with the urinary proteome, likely due to the tumor heterogeneity. Cell line proteomic research helps in the understanding of basic mechanisms that drive BC development and progression; the main difficulty is culturing low-grade tumors in vitro, which represents the majority of BC tumors in clinical practice. Conclusion: Protein biomarkers have promising value in the diagnosis, surveillance and prognostic of BC. Urine is the most appropriate body fluid for biomarker research in BC due to its easiness of sampling, stability and enrichment of shed and secreted tumor-specific proteins. Panels of biomarkers may exhibit higher sensitivity than single proteins in the diagnosis of BC at larger populations due to clinical and tumor heterogeneity. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to validate the relevance of proteomic data in the clinical management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Wilson
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Divisão de Urologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Pereira Antoniassi
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Divisão de Urologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Intasqui Lopes
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Divisão de Urologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Divisão de Urologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Lu S, Guo M, Fan Z, Chen Y, Shi X, Gu C, Yang Y. Elevated TRIP13 drives cell proliferation and drug resistance in bladder cancer. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4397-4410. [PMID: 31396344 PMCID: PMC6684882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitotic processes can induce chromosome instability, which results in aneuploidy, tumorigenesis, and chemo-resistance. Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is a critical mitosis regulator, and recent studies suggest that it functions as an oncogene in multiple cancers. However, the role of TRIP13 in bladder cancer (BC) is still unknown. In this study, our analysis of RNA-sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene expression profiling databases showed that TRIP13 expression was upregulated in BC tissues, and overexpression of TRIP13 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of BC patients. In addition, we found a remarkable elevation of TRIP13 in BC samples compared to normal controls by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, our in vitro functional assays showed that overexpression of TRIP13 promoted the growth/viability, colony formation ability by inducing cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, as well as enhancing drug resistance of BC cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin. Conversely, knockdown of TRIP13 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of BC cells. Furthermore, TRIP13 acted as an oncogene in BC by inhibiting spindle assembly checkpoint signaling by targeting mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) protein. TRIP13 overexpression also alleviated cisplatin- and doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and enhanced DNA repair as evidenced by the reduced expression of γH2AX and enhanced expression of RAD50 in drug-treated BC cells. In conclusion, TRIP13 may be a novel target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuqin Shi
- School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
- School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Guo M, Lu S, Huang H, Wang Y, Yang MQ, Yang Y, Fan Z, Jiang B, Deng Y. Increased AURKA promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in bladder cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:118. [PMID: 30547784 PMCID: PMC6293497 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary bladder and upper tract, in which the clinical management is limited. AURKA (aurora kinase A) has been identified as an oncogene in cancer development; however, its potential role and underlying mechanisms in the progression of BC remain unknown. Results In this study, we evaluated Aurora kinase A (AURKA) expression in patient samples by performing gene expression profiling, and found that AURKA expression levels were significantly higher in BC tissues than in normal tissues. Increased AURKA in BC was strongly associated with stage and grade. Moreover, BC patients with elevated AURKA achieved poor overall survival rates. The experiments in vitro comprehensively validated the critical role of AURKA in promoting BC cell proliferation using the methods of gene overexpression and gene silencing. Furthermore, we proved that AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 arrested BC cell growth and induced apoptosis. Conclusions These findings implicate AURKA acting as an effective biomarker for BC detection and prognosis, as well as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sicheng Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mary Q Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center, Department of Information Science, George Washington Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology and Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.,Integrated Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.
| | - Youping Deng
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China. .,Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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9
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Karavana SY, Şenyiğit ZA, Çalışkan Ç, Sevin G, Özdemir Dİ, Erzurumlu Y, Şen S, Baloğlu E. Gemcitabine hydrochloride microspheres used for intravesical treatment of superficial bladder cancer: a comprehensive in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1959-1975. [PMID: 29997433 PMCID: PMC6033088 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s164704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer is responsible for more than 130,000 deaths annually worldwide. Intravesical delivery of chemotherapeutic agents provides effective drug localization to the target area to reduce toxicity and increase efficacy. This study aimed to develop an intravesical delivery system of gemcitabine HCl (Gem-HCl) to provide a sustained-release profile, to prolong residence time, and to enhance its efficiency in the treatment of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, bioadhesive microspheres were successfully prepared with average particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity of 98.4 µm, 82.657%±5.817%, and 12.501±0.881 mg, respectively. For intravesical administration, bioadhesive microspheres were dispersed in mucoadhesive chitosan or in situ poloxamer gels and characterized in terms of gelation temperature, viscosity, mechanical, syringeability, and bioadhesive and rheological properties. The cytotoxic effects of Gem-HCl solution, Gem-HCl microspheres, and Gem-HCl microsphere-loaded gel formulations were evaluated in two different bladder cancer cell lines: T24 (ATCC HTB4TM) and RT4 (ATCC HTB2TM). RESULTS According to cell-culture studies, Gem-HCl microsphere-loaded poloxamer gel was more cytotoxic than Gem-HCl microsphere-loaded chitosan gel. Antitumor efficacy of newly developed formulations were investigated by in vivo studies using bladder-tumor-induced rats. CONCLUSION According to in vivo studies, Gem-HCl microsphere-loaded poloxamer gel was found to be an effective and promising alternative for current intravesical delivery-system therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravesical
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/chemistry
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Drug Compounding
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microspheres
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Particle Size
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rheology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Viscosity
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Yaprak Karavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - Zeynep Ay Şenyiğit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Çalışkan
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya İlem Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sait Şen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Baloğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
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Huang YT, Wu TS, Lu CC, Yu FY, Liu BH. Aristolochic acid I interferes with the expression of BLCAP tumor suppressor gene in human cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen W, He W, Cai H, Hu B, Zheng C, Ke X, Xie L, Zheng Z, Wu X, Wang H. A-to-I RNA editing of BLCAP lost the inhibition to STAT3 activation in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39417-39429. [PMID: 28455960 PMCID: PMC5503622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP) gene is a highly conserved gene with tumor-suppressor function in different carcinomas. It is also a novel ADAR-mediated editing substrate undergoes multiple A-to-I RNA editing events. Although the anti-tumorigenic role of BLCAP has been examined in preliminarily studies, the relationship between BLCAP function and A-to-I RNA editing in cervical carcinogenesis still require further exploration. Herein, we analyzed the coding sequence of BLCAP transcripts in 35 paired cervical cancer samples using high-throughput sequencing. Of note, editing levels of three novel editing sites were statistically different between cancerous and adjacent cervical tissues, and editing of these three sites was closely correlated. Moreover, two editing sites of BLCAP coding region were mapped-in the key YXXQ motif which can bind to SH2 domain of STAT3. Further studies revealed that BLCAP interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inhibited its phosphorylation, while A-to-I RNA editing of BLCAP lost the inhibition to STAT3 activation in cervical cancer cell lines. Our findings reveal that A-to-I RNA editing events alter the genetically coded amino acid in BLCAP YXXQ motif, which drive the progression of cervical carcinogenesis through regulating STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenrong He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bicheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caishang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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12
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Aboushousha T, Hammam O, Helal N, El Dahshan S. Impact of Cyclin D1 and Heterogeneous Nuclear
Ribonucleoprotein-K (HnRNP-K) on Urinary Bladder
Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:513-519. [PMID: 29480994 PMCID: PMC5980943 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in relation to the pathological findings in bladder cancer including the type, grade, muscle invasion and bilharzial association. Methods: We studied the immunoexpression; as regard the percentage, intensity and score of both cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in different bladder lesions including 10 cases of cystitis; 10 cases of carcinoma insitu (CIS), 20 cases of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 66 cases of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Results: High expression of cyclin D1 was found in UC compared to other groups (p<0.001) and in UC with low grade, non-muscle invasive and papillary tumors compared to their counterparts (p<0.05, <0.01 and <0.05 respectively), however, bilharzial association does not affect cyclin D1 expression. Higher hnRNP-K expression was found in SCC compared to other groups (p <0.001) and in UC with high grade, muscle invasive and non-papillary tumors compared to their counterparts (p<0.001each). Bilharzial-associated UC showed higher expression of hnRNP-K percent (p<0.05) compared to non-bilharzial cases. Conclusion: This study elucidated a possible contribution of cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K expression in the initiation and progression of urinary bladder carcinoma, so, both of them can be used in predicting progression of urinary bladder carcinoma and to differentiate between UC and SCC in high grade tumors. The possible role of both markers in immunotherapy deserves supplementary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Aboushousha
- Pathology Departments,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
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13
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Identification of BLCAP as a novel STAT3 interaction partner in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188827. [PMID: 29190807 PMCID: PMC5708675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer associated protein (Blcap) expression is commonly down-regulated in invasive bladder cancer, and may have prognostic value given that its expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. We have previously investigated the expression patterns and cellular localization of Blcap in bladder cancer, where we found that about 20% of the lesions examined displayed strong nuclear expression of Blcap, and that this phenotype was associated with overall poor disease outcome. Here we report on the analysis of possible functional associations between nuclear expression of Blcap and canonical signaling pathways. We performed serial immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of bladder tissue samples, with serial sections stained with phospho-specific antibodies recognizing key signaling intermediates, such as P-Stat3, P-Akt, and P-Erk1/2, among others, in an immunophenotyping approach we have established and reported previously. Using this approach, we found that nuclear localization of Blcap was associated with expression of P-Stat3. A parallel analysis, cytokine profiling of bladder tumor interstitial fluids of samples expressing (or not) Blcap, showed interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) to be correlated with nuclear expression of Blcap, independently supporting a role for Stat3 signaling in localization of Blcap. Multiple indirect immunofluorescence analysis of tissue biopsies confirmed that Blcap co-localized with Stat3. Furthermore, we could also demonstrate, using an in situ proximity ligation assay that Blcap and Stat3 are in close physical proximity of each other in bladder tissue, and that Blcap physically interacts with Stat3 as determined by co-immunoprecipitation of these proteins. Our data indicates that Blcap is a novel Stat3 interaction partner and suggests a role for Blcap in the Stat3-mediated progression of precancerous lesions to invasive tumors of the bladder.
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14
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Slovin SF. The need for immune biomarkers for treatment prognosis and response in genitourinary malignancies. Biomark Med 2017; 11:1149-1159. [PMID: 29186979 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune biomarkers encompass a wide range of blood-borne and cell-associated molecules whose detection or expression may change in response to an immune therapy. These immune therapies encompass a range of platforms including autologous cellular products, in other words, dendritic cells, prime boost DNA vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and checkpoint inhibitors. The response to checkpoint inhibitors by a particular cancer may not be necessarily associated with a change in a particular immune biomarker; other immune biomarkers are needed to assess their association with treatment response or a change in the biology that can impact on the immunologic milieu. How these potential biomarkers can be incorporated into clinical trial design, and their role in interrogating the immunologic milieu will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Zhang H, Fan Y, Xia L, Gao C, Tong X, Wang H, Sun L, Ji T, Jin M, Gu B, Fan B. The impact of advanced proteomics in the search for markers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691183. [PMID: 28345451 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors are known to contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, many of which produce molecules that serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, urine, and tissue are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be derived from either the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the high-throughput profiling of data generated from bladder cancer-related proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a wealth of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, the transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another remains the main disadvantage of these methods, a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization. This review summarizes the latest discoveries and progress of biomarker identification for the early diagnosis, projected prognosis, and therapeutic response of bladder cancer, informs the readers of the current status of proteomic-based biomarker findings, and suggests avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Zhang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fan
- 2 Department of Propaganda, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Xia
- 3 Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Gao
- 5 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- 6 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hanfu Wang
- 7 Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- 8 Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Ji
- 9 Department of Hospital Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- 10 Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bing Gu
- 11 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Fan
- 12 Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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16
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Abstract
Research efforts targeting the identification of bladder cancer biomarkers have been extensive during the past decade. Investigations have been performed at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels and outputs have started appearing including the sketching of disease molecular subtypes. Proteins are directly linked to cell phenotype hence they accumulate special interest as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Multiple technical challenges exist, of the main, being the protein concentration vast dynamic range and presence of proteins in modified forms. The scope of this review is to summarize the contribution of proteomics research in this quest of bladder cancer biomarkers. To obtain an unbiased and comprehensive overview, the scientific literature was searched for manuscripts describing proteomic studies on urothelial cancer from the last ten years and those including independent verification studies in urine, tissue and blood are briefly presented. General observations include: a) in most cases, suboptimal experimental design including healthy controls in biomarker discovery and frequently biomarker verification, is followed; b) variability in protein findings between studies can be observed, to some extent reflecting complexity of experimental approaches and proteome itself; c) consistently reported biomarkers include mainly plasma proteins and d) compilation of protein markers into diagnostic panels appears the most promising way forward. Two main avenues of research can now be foreseen: targeting integration of the existing disparate data with proteomic findings being placed in the context of existing knowledge on bladder cancer subtypes and in parallel, accumulation of clinical samples to support proper validation studies of promising marker combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens , Biotechnology Division, Athens, Greece
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17
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Staal JA, Pei Y, Rood BR. A Proteogenomic Approach to Understanding MYC Function in Metastatic Medulloblastoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101744. [PMID: 27775567 PMCID: PMC5085772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children, and medulloblastoma is the most prevalent malignant childhood/pediatric brain tumor. Providing effective treatment for these cancers, with minimal damage to the still-developing brain, remains one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians. Understanding the diverse events driving tumor formation, maintenance, progression, and recurrence is necessary for identifying novel targeted therapeutics and improving survival of patients with this disease. Genomic copy number alteration data, together with clinical studies, identifies c-MYC amplification as an important risk factor associated with the most aggressive forms of medulloblastoma with marked metastatic potential. Yet despite this, very little is known regarding the impact of such genomic abnormalities upon the functional biology of the tumor cell. We discuss here how recent advances in quantitative proteomic techniques are now providing new insights into the functional biology of these aggressive tumors, as illustrated by the use of proteomics to bridge the gap between the genotype and phenotype in the case of c-MYC-amplified/associated medulloblastoma. These integrated proteogenomic approaches now provide a new platform for understanding cancer biology by providing a functional context to frame genomic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Staal
- Multiple Sclerosis Department, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Yanxin Pei
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Brian R Rood
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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18
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Zhao M, Zhang L, Qiu X, Zeng F, Chen W, An Y, Hu B, Wu X, Wu X. BLCAP arrests G₁/S checkpoint and induces apoptosis through downregulation of pRb1 in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3050-8. [PMID: 26986503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BLCAP (bladder cancer-associated protein) gene exhibited tumor suppressor function in different tumors and is regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor gene; however, the mechanism by which BLCAP exerts its function remains elusive. This study investigated the functional association between BLCAP and proliferation or apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, to identify the functional motifs of BLCAP. The BLCAP-shRNA expression vector based on pRNA-U6.1/Hygro plasmid was used to specifically inhibit BLCAP activity in HeLa cells. The optimal shRNA plasmid was selected to knock down BLCAP expression and the biological effects were investigated. The effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometric or Annexin V-FITC staining analysis. The gene expression profiles of HeLa cells transfected with blcap-wt and BLCAP-shRNA were analyzed using human signal pathway gene Oligochips. The levels of protein expression and interaction of BLCAP with Rb1 proteins were determined by western blotting and Co-IP assays. The site-specific mutagenesis assay was used to identify amino acid residues important for BLCAP. Significantly differentially expressed genes were found by gene Oligo chips analysis. These genes were all correlated with proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The results of western blotting and Co-IP assays confirmed that overexpression of BLCAP could interact with Rb1 and inhibit Rb1 phosphorylation. Further investigation revealed that SAXX mutation in the key regions of BLCAP suppressed the function of BLCAP and significantly increased the level of phosphorylated Rb1 protein. Here our findings suggested that the functional association of BLCAP and Rb1 might play important roles in proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells. It suggested that BLCAP could be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fanyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hubei Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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19
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Frantzi M, Latosinska A, Flühe L, Hupe MC, Critselis E, Kramer MW, Merseburger AS, Mischak H, Vlahou A. Developing proteomic biomarkers for bladder cancer: towards clinical application. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 12:317-30. [PMID: 26032553 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of proteomic biomarkers has the potential to substantially improve the outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. An unmet clinical need evidently exists for noninvasive biomarkers, which might enable improvements in both the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, as well as improved monitoring of patients for the presence of recurrence. Urine is considered the optimal noninvasive source of proteomic biomarkers in patients with bladder cancer. Currently, a number of single-protein biomarkers have been detected in urine and tissue using a variety of proteomic techniques, each having specific conceptual considerations and technical implications. Promising preclinical data are available for several of these proteins; however, the combination of single urinary proteins into multimarker panels might better encompass the molecular heterogeneity of bladder cancer within this patient population, and prove more effective in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Agnieszka Latosinska
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Leif Flühe
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Rotenburger Strasse 20, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie C Hupe
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Critselis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Mario W Kramer
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Mischak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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20
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Proteomics in cancer biomarkers discovery: challenges and applications. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:321370. [PMID: 25999657 PMCID: PMC4427011 DOI: 10.1155/2015/321370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
With the introduction of recent high-throughput technologies to various fields of science and medicine, it is becoming clear that obtaining large amounts of data is no longer a problem in modern research laboratories. However, coherent study designs, optimal conditions for obtaining high-quality data, and compelling interpretation, in accordance with the evidence-based systems biology, are critical factors in ensuring the emergence of good science out of these recent technologies. This review focuses on the proteomics field and its new perspectives on cancer research. Cornerstone publications that have tremendously helped scientists and clinicians to better understand cancer pathogenesis; to discover novel diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers; and to suggest novel therapeutic targets will be presented. The author of this review aims at presenting some of the relevant literature data that helped as a step forward in bridging the gap between bench work results and bedside potentials. Undeniably, this review cannot include all the work that is being produced by expert research groups all over the world.
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21
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Lu S, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Mahendran R, Chiong E. Mucoadhesive polyacrylamide nanogel as a potential hydrophobic drug carrier for intravesical bladder cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:57-68. [PMID: 25772330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, amine-functionalized polyacrylamide nanogels (PAm-NH2) loaded with docetaxel (DTX) were evaluated as a mucoadhesive and sustained intravesical drug delivery (IDD) system for potential bladder cancer therapy. Nanogels have not been applied for such therapy before. The mucoadhesiveness of the PAm-NH2 nanogels, which is a critical factor for IDD application, was investigated using the mucin-particle method and by analyzing the direct attachment of the PAm-NH2 nanogels onto the luminal surface of porcine urinary bladder. DTX, as a model hydrophobic drug, was successfully loaded into hydrophilic PAm-NH2 nanogels with high loading efficiency (>90%), and sustained release of DTX from the nanogels over 9 days in artificial urine was achieved. The nanogels were also taken in by bladder cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The efficiency of the DTX-loaded nanogels in killing UMUC3 and T24 bladder cancer cells was determined to be equivalent to free DTX, and the morphology of the bladder urothelium was not adversely altered by the PAm-NH2 nanogels. These findings indicate that such mucoadhesive nanogels are potentially a promising candidate for intravesical delivery of hydrophobic drugs in bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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22
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Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Noninvasive approaches for detecting and monitoring bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 15:283-94. [PMID: 25494295 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.989838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract. Despite existing multiapproach treatment strategies, including radical cystectomy, bladder-sparing therapy with transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients with deeply invasive bladder cancers display poor prognosis, with a survival rate of only 30-50%. This can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, and these molecules serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, plasma, serum and urine are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be both nuclear as well as mitochondrial in nature. This review discusses the efficacy of such biomarkers as well as highlights some potential prognostic markers in the field of noninvasive bladder cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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23
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Puustinen P, Rytter A, Mortensen M, Kohonen P, Moreira JM, Jäättelä M. CIP2A oncoprotein controls cell growth and autophagy through mTORC1 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:713-27. [PMID: 24590173 PMCID: PMC3941044 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As part of a regulatory loop linking cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation, CIP2A promotes mTORC1-mediated cell growth and autophagy inhibition but is itself down-regulated by autophagy. mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) integrates information regarding availability of nutrients and energy to coordinate protein synthesis and autophagy. Using ribonucleic acid interference screens for autophagy-regulating phosphatases in human breast cancer cells, we identify CIP2A (cancerous inhibitor of PP2A [protein phosphatase 2A]) as a key modulator of mTORC1 and autophagy. CIP2A associates with mTORC1 and acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1-associated PP2A, thereby enhancing mTORC1-dependent growth signaling and inhibiting autophagy. This regulatory circuit is reversed by ubiquitination and p62/SQSTM1-dependent autophagic degradation of CIP2A and subsequent inhibition of mTORC1 activity. Consistent with CIP2A’s reported ability to protect c-Myc against proteasome-mediated degradation, autophagic degradation of CIP2A upon mTORC1 inhibition leads to destabilization of c-Myc. These data characterize CIP2A as a distinct regulator of mTORC1 and reveals mTORC1-dependent control of CIP2A degradation as a mechanism that links mTORC1 activity with c-Myc stability to coordinate cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietri Puustinen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Kopparapu PK, Boorjian SA, Robinson BD, Downes M, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP, Persson JL. Expression of cyclin d1 and its association with disease characteristics in bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:5235-5242. [PMID: 24324055 PMCID: PMC4122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is characterized by alterations in cell-cycle regulatory pathways. Defects in the expression of cyclin D1, a key cell-cycle regulator, have been implicated in progression of various types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether cyclin D1 expression is associated with clinicopathological parameters and whether it has any potential prognostic value in determining risk of UCB recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays containing bladder cancer specimens (n=212) and adjacent normal bladder tissues (n=131) were immunostained using an antibody against cyclin D1. The association between cyclin D1 and clinicopathological parameters including stage, lymph node metastasis, and disease-free survival, were evaluated. Cyclin D1 mRNA expression data from human normal bladder (n=14) and cancer specimens (n=28) were extracted from the public Oncomine database. RESULTS Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in UCB compared to adjacent non-malignant bladder tissue (for mRNA p=0.003, for protein p=0.001). Cyclin D1 protein expression was significantly higher in non-invasive tumors than in muscle-invasive UCB (p=0.016). Among patients with muscle-invasive UCB, increased cyclin D1 expression in tumor cells significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), and there was a trend of cyclin D1 together with lymph node positivity to be associated with disease recurrence (p=0.678). Loss of nuclear cyclin D1 expression in tumor cells was likewise significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Altered expression of cyclin D1 is associated with lymph node metastasis and risk of UCB recurrence. Cyclin D1 expression may therefore have clinical value as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine in Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, U.S.A
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Martin Downes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine in Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
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Tomaselli S, Galeano F, Massimi L, Di Rocco C, Lauriola L, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Gallo A. ADAR2 editing activity in newly diagnosed versus relapsed pediatric high-grade astrocytomas. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:255. [PMID: 23697632 PMCID: PMC3663793 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade (WHO grade III and IV) astrocytomas are aggressive malignant brain tumors affecting humans with a high risk of recurrence in both children and adults. To date, limited information is available on the genetic and molecular alterations important in the onset and progression of pediatric high-grade astrocytomas and, even less, on the prognostic factors that influence long-term outcome in children with recurrence. A-to-I RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional mechanism that can alter the nucleotide sequence of several RNAs and is mediated by the ADAR enzymes. ADAR2 editing activity is particularly important in mammalian brain and is impaired in both adult and pediatric high-grade astrocytomas. Moreover, we have recently shown that the recovered ADAR2 activity in high-grade astrocytomas inhibits in vivo tumor growth. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether changes may occur in ADAR2-mediated RNA editing profiles of relapsed high-grade astrocytomas compared to their respective specimens collected at diagnosis, in four pediatric patients. Methods Total RNAs extracted from all tumor samples and controls were tested for RNA editing levels (by direct sequencing on cDNA pools) and for ADAR2 mRNA expression (by qRT-PCR). Results A significant loss of ADAR2-editing activity was observed in the newly diagnosed and recurrent astrocytomas in comparison to normal brain. Surprisingly, we found a substantial rescue of ADAR2 editing activity in the relapsed tumor of the only patient showing prolonged survival. Conclusions High-grade astrocytomas display a generalized loss of ADAR2-mediated RNA editing at both diagnosis and relapse. However, a peculiar Case, in complete remission of disease, displayed a total rescue of RNA editing at relapse, intriguingly suggesting ADAR2 activity/expression as a possible marker for long-term survival of patients with high-grade astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomaselli
- Laboratory of RNA Editing, Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S, Onofrio 4, Rome 00165, Italy
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Chung H, Kim B, Jung SH, Won KJ, Jiang X, Lee CK, Lim SD, Yang SK, Song KH, Kim HS. Does phosphorylation of cofilin affect the progression of human bladder cancer? BMC Cancer 2013; 13:45. [PMID: 23374291 PMCID: PMC3568060 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We determined the differently expressed protein profiles and their functions in bladder cancer tissues with the aim of identifying possible target proteins and underlying molecular mechanisms for taking part in their progression. Methods We examined the expression of proteins by proteomic analysis and western blot in normal urothelium, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs), and muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). The function of cofilin was analyzed using T24 human bladder cancer cells. Results The expression levels of 12 proteins were altered between bladder cancers and normal bladder tissues. Of these proteins, 14-3-3σ was upregulated in both NMIBCs and MIBCs compared with controls. On the other hand, myosin regulatory light chain 2, galectin-1, lipid-binding AI, annexin V, transthyretin, CARD-inhibitor of NF-κB-activating ligand, and actin prepeptide were downregulated in cancer samples. Cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing factor, was prominent in both NMIBCs and MIBCs compared with normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, we confirmed that cofilin phosphorylation was more prominent in MIBCs than in NMIBCs using immunoblotting and immunohistochemcal analyses. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased the phosphorylation of cofilin and elevated the migration in T24 cells. Knockdown of cofilin expression with small interfering RNA attenuated the T24 cell migration in response to EGF. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the increased expression and phosphorylation of cofilin might play a role in the occurrence and invasiveness of bladder cancer. We suspected that changes in cofilin expression may participate in the progression of the bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 82 Gugwon-daero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-704, Republic of Korea
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Gromova I, Gromov P, Kroman N, Wielenga VT, Simon R, Sauter G, Moreira JMA. Immunoexpression analysis and prognostic value of BLCAP in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45967. [PMID: 23049907 PMCID: PMC3458104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder Cancer Associated Protein (BLCAP, formerly Bc10), was identified by our laboratory as being down-regulated in bladder cancer with progression. BLCAP is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues, and several studies have found differential expression of BLCAP in various cancer types, such as cervical and renal cancer, as well as human tongue carcinoma and osteosarcoma. Here we report the first study of the expression patterns of BLCAP in breast tissue. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry tissue sections of normal and malignant specimens collected from 123 clinical high-risk breast cancer patients within the Danish Center for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB) prospective study dataset. The staining pattern, the distribution of the immunostaining, and its intensity were studied in detail. We observed weak immunoreactivity for BLCAP in mammary epithelial cells, almost exclusively localizing to the cytoplasm and found that levels of expression of BLCAP were generally higher in malignant cells as compared to normal cells. Quantitative IHC analysis of BLCAP expression in breast tissues confirmed this differential BLCAP expression in tumor cells, and we could establish, in a 62-patient sample matched cohort, that immunostaining intensity for BLCAP was increased in tumors relative to normal tissue, in more than 45% of the cases examined, indicating that BLCAP may be of value as a marker for breast cancer. We also analyzed BLCAP expression and prognostic value using a set of tissue microarrays comprising an independent cohort of 2,197 breast cancer patients for which we had follow-up clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gromova
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JM); (IG)
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Kroman
- Department of Breast Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vera Timmermans Wielenga
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, the Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - José M. A. Moreira
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Pathobiology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JM); (IG)
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Discovery of potential bladder cancer biomarkers by comparative urine proteomics and analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2012; 11:56-62. [PMID: 22982111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We searched for bladder tumor markers by analyzing urine samples from patients with bladder cancer and from normal controls. METHODS Proteins in urine samples of patients with bladder cancer and with normal controls were systematically examined by 2-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The expression of the protein apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was confirmed by Western blot analysis and further evaluated. RESULTS We successfully obtained the 2-dimensional electrophoresis gel maps of urinary proteins in patients with bladder cancer and in normal controls. Thirty differentially expressed protein spots were successfully matched by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Combined with the SWISS-PROT database, only 14 proteins (beta-2-microglobulin, fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte, gelsolin, isoform 1 of gelsolin, myoglobin, isoform 2 of fibrinogen alpha chain, apoA-I, prostaglandin D(2) synthase 21 kDa [brain], protein AMBP, transthyretin, keratin type II cytoskeletal 1, type II cytoskeletal 8, putative uncharacterized protein ALB, putative uncharacterized protein MASP2 [fragment]) were identified, including 2 putative proteins. Furthermore, apoA-I was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and the high level of apoA-I was found in urine samples from patients with bladder tumors compared with normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of urinary proteome may be a feasible, noninvasive, and efficient strategy for searching for potential bladder tumor biomarkers. A significant relationship of expressed apoA-I was established between bladder cancer and normal controls. We concluded that 14 differential spots included the apoA-I and would be potential urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer.
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Peng M, Xie T, Yu J, Xu B, Song Q, Wu X. Bladder cancer-associated protein is suppressed in human cervical tumors. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:336-340. [PMID: 22969892 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP) is downregulated in bladder cancer and has been identified as a prognostic biomarker for human bladder cancer. We previously reported that BLCAP mRNA is decreased in cervical cancer tissues, and overexpression of BLCAP was found to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in the human cervical cancer HeLa cell line To investigate the BLCAP protein expression in cervical cancer and its potential clinical indications, we developed a polyclonal antibody against human BLCAP to assess the BLCAP protein expression in 30 cervical cancer tissues and 30 non-tumor cervical tissues from patients. Western blotting data showed that a single band of recombinant protein was probed by antiserum of BLCAP and no band was probed by pre-immune serum. BLCAP expression was significantly downregulated in cervical carcinoma tissues compared with its expression in the non-tumor cervical tissues. Moreover, cervical carcinoma tissues from patients with stage III-IV had significantly lower BLCAP expression percentage compared with stage I-II. Similarly, a significantly lower BLCAP expression percentage was observed in moderately/poorly differentiated tumor tissues and in the tumor tissues from patients with lymphatic metastasis (LM) compared with well-differentiated tumor tissues and non-LM patients, respectively. Our results suggest that decreased BLCAP protein expression is associated with poor prognosis and it could be a potential bio-index to predict cervical tumor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
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Wulfken LM, Moritz R, Ohlmann C, Holdenrieder S, Jung V, Becker F, Herrmann E, Walgenbach-Brünagel G, von Ruecker A, Müller SC, Ellinger J. MicroRNAs in renal cell carcinoma: diagnostic implications of serum miR-1233 levels. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25787. [PMID: 21984948 PMCID: PMC3184173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA expression is altered in cancer cells, and microRNAs could serve as diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for cancer patients. Our study was designed to analyze circulating serum microRNAs in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methodology/Principal Findings We first explored microRNA expression profiles in tissue and serum using TaqMan Low Density Arrays in each six malignant and benign samples: Although 109 microRNAs were circulating at higher levels in cancer patients' serum, we identified only 36 microRNAs with up-regulation in RCC tissue and serum of RCC patients. Seven candidate microRNAs were selected for verification based on the finding of up-regulation in serum and tissue of RCC patients: miR-7-1*, miR-93, miR-106b*, miR-210, miR-320b, miR-1233 and miR-1290 levels in serum of healthy controls (n = 30) and RCC (n = 33) patients were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (TaqMan MicroRNA Assays). miR-1233 was increased in RCC patients, and thus validated in a multicentre cohort of 84 RCC patients and 93 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR (sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 37.6%, AUC 0.588). We also studied 13 samples of patients with angiomyolipoma or oncocytoma, whose serum miR-1233 levels were similar to RCC patients. Circulating microRNAs were not correlated with clinical-pathological parameters. Conclusions/Significance MicroRNA levels are distinctly increased in cancer patients, although only a small subset of circulating microRNAs has a tumor-specific origin. We identify circulating miR-1233 as a potential biomarker for RCC patients. Larger-scaled studies are warranted to fully explore the role of circulating microRNAs in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M. Wulfken
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rudolf Moritz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Ohlmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Jung
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Frank Becker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis und Ambulatorium Derouet/Poenicke/Becker, Neunkirchen, Germany
| | - Edwin Herrmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan C. Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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CHO WCS, 南 娟. [Proteomics and translational medicine: molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy outcome]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:C6-9. [PMID: 23676997 PMCID: PMC6134426 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William CS CHO
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong,William CS Cho, PhD, FIBMS, Chartered Scientist.. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: +852 2958 5441; Fax: +852 2958 5455; E-mail:
| | - 娟 南
- 天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室
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Cho WCS. Proteomics and translational medicine: molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy outcome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:1-4. [PMID: 21329422 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schwamborn K, Gaisa NT, Henkel C. Tissue and serum proteomic profiling for diagnostic and prognostic bladder cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:897-906. [PMID: 21142890 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A panel of biomarkers for the early detection of bladder cancer has not yet been identified. Many different molecules, including DNA, RNA or proteins have been reported but none have provided adequate sensitivity for a single-tier screening test or a test to replace cystoscopy. Therefore, multimarker panels are discussed at present to give a more-precise answer to the biomarker quest. Mass spectrometry or 2D gel-electrophoresis have evolved greatly within recent years and are capable of analyzing multiple proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity. However, transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another is still the main pitfall of those methods; a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO). In this article, recent results in screening approaches and other proteomic techniques used for biomarker evaluation in bladder cancer are discussed with a focus on serum and tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
The quest to decipher protein alterations in cancer has spanned well over half a century. The vast dynamic range of protein abundance coupled with a plethora of isoforms and disease heterogeneity have been formidable challenges. Progress in cancer proteomics has substantially paralleled technological developments. Advances in analytical techniques and the implementation of strategies to de-complex the proteome into manageable components have allowed proteins across a wide dynamic range to be explored. The massive amounts of data that can currently be collected through proteomics allow the near-complete definition of cancer subproteomes, which reveals the alterations in signalling and developmental pathways. This allows the discovery of predictive biomarkers and the annotation of the cancer genome based on proteomic findings. There remains a considerable need for infrastructure development and the organized collaborative efforts to efficiently mine the cancer proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Hanash
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M5-C800, PO BOX 19024, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2010; 20:443-51. [PMID: 20679773 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32833dde0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ornatsky O, Bandura D, Baranov V, Nitz M, Winnik MA, Tanner S. Highly multiparametric analysis by mass cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2010; 361:1-20. [PMID: 20655312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper describes a new technology, mass cytometry, that addresses applications typically run by flow cytometer analyzers, but extends the capability to highly multiparametric analysis. The detection technology is based on atomic mass spectrometry. It offers quantitation, specificity and dynamic range of mass spectrometry in a format that is familiar to flow cytometry practitioners. The mass cytometer does not require compensation, allowing the application of statistical techniques; this has been impossible given the constraints of fluorescence noise with traditional cytometry instruments. Instead of "colors" the mass cytometer "reads" the stable isotope tags attached to antibodies using metal-chelating labeling reagents. Because there are many available stable isotopes, and the mass spectrometer provides exquisite resolution between detection channels, many parameters can be measured as easily as one. For example, in a single tube the technique allows for the ready detection and characterization of the major cell subsets in blood or bone marrow. Here we describe mass cytometric immunophenotyping of human leukemia cell lines and leukemia patient samples, differential cell analysis of normal peripheral and umbilical cord blood; intracellular protein identification and metal-encoded bead arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ornatsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto ON, Canada M5S 3H6; DVS Sviences Inc., 70 Peninsula Cr., Richmond Hill, ON L4S1Z5, Canada.
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Tumour node metastasis staging of bladder cancer: prognosis versus pitfalls. Curr Opin Urol 2010; 20:398-403. [PMID: 20625299 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32833c9649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The WHO classification of urothelial cancer in 2004 has made changes based on the insights of molecular genetics, indicating bladder cancer with entities that are genetically stable versus those that are genetically instable. Seen as work in progress, the need of further validation is obvious. Clinical studies based on solid histological diagnosis are as necessary as the definition of more molecular features of bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Solid histological diagnosis includes sufficient clinical information and adequate tissue processing. This combined with molecular data will lead to a more clear-cut distinction between benign and malignant and possibly to another change in terminology with higher concordance to other epithelial tumours. Whereas the identification of FGFR3 mutations has led to a better distinction of at least two pathways of urothelial carcinogenesis, additional multiparametric approaches may help improve the still inadequate search for urine and blood markers indicative of bladder cancer and/or its progression. Proteomic profiling, sets of epigenetic markers, and micro RNAs will be given as examples. SUMMARY Recent data mainly support the concept of the WHO 2004 classification of bladder cancer. We are optimistic that an even more clear-cut distinction between benign recurring, nonprogressing tumours and more aggressive tumours will enable us to focus and limit chemotherapy.
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Bendixen E, Danielsen M, Larsen K, Bendixen C. Advances in porcine genomics and proteomics--a toolbox for developing the pig as a model organism for molecular biomedical research. Brief Funct Genomics 2010; 9:208-19. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elq004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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