1
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Pfisterer M, Robert R, Saul VV, Pritz A, Seibert M, Feederle R, Schmitz ML. The Aurora B-controlled PP1/RepoMan complex determines the spatial and temporal distribution of mitotic H2B S6 phosphorylation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230460. [PMID: 38806145 PMCID: PMC11293436 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal control of histone phosphorylations is important for the ordered progression through the different phases of mitosis. The phosphorylation of H2B at S6 (H2B S6ph), which is crucial for chromosome segregation, reaches its maximum level during metaphase and is limited to the inner centromere. We discovered that the temporal and spatial regulation of this modification, as well as its intensity, are governed by the scaffold protein RepoMan and its associated catalytically active phosphatases, PP1α and PP1γ. Phosphatase activity is inhibited at the area of maximal H2B S6 phosphorylation at the inner centromere by site-specific Aurora B-mediated inactivation of the PP1/RepoMan complex. The motor protein Mklp2 contributes to the relocalization of Aurora B from chromatin to the mitotic spindle during anaphase, thus alleviating Aurora B-dependent repression of the PP1/RepoMan complex and enabling dephosphorylation of H2B S6. Accordingly, dysregulation of Mklp2 levels, as commonly observed in tumour cells, leads to the lack of H2B S6 dephosphorylation during early anaphase, which might contribute to chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Robert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera V. Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amelie Pritz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M. Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Mansour H, Cabezas-Cruz A, Peucelle V, Farce A, Salomé-Desnoulez S, Metatla I, Guerrera IC, Hollin T, Khalife J. Characterization of GEXP15 as a Potential Regulator of Protein Phosphatase 1 in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12647. [PMID: 37628837 PMCID: PMC10454571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein Phosphatase type 1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) (PF3D7_1414400) operates in combination with various regulatory proteins to specifically direct and control its phosphatase activity. However, there is little information about this phosphatase and its regulators in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the structural and functional characteristics of a conserved Plasmodium-specific regulator called Gametocyte EXported Protein 15, GEXP15 (PF3D7_1031600). Through in silico analysis, we identified three significant regions of interest in GEXP15: an N-terminal region housing a PP1-interacting RVxF motif, a conserved domain whose function is unknown, and a GYF-like domain that potentially facilitates specific protein-protein interactions. To further elucidate the role of GEXP15, we conducted in vitro interaction studies that demonstrated a direct interaction between GEXP15 and PP1 via the RVxF-binding motif. This interaction was found to enhance the phosphatase activity of PP1. Additionally, utilizing a transgenic GEXP15-tagged line and live microscopy, we observed high expression of GEXP15 in late asexual stages of the parasite, with localization predominantly in the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation assays followed by mass spectrometry analyses revealed the interaction of GEXP15 with ribosomal- and RNA-binding proteins. Furthermore, through pull-down analyses of recombinant functional domains of His-tagged GEXP15, we confirmed its binding to the ribosomal complex via the GYF domain. Collectively, our study sheds light on the PfGEXP15-PP1-ribosome interaction, which plays a crucial role in protein translation. These findings suggest that PfGEXP15 could serve as a potential target for the development of malaria drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mansour
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (H.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Véronique Peucelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (H.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Amaury Farce
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286–Infinite–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41–UAR 2014–PLBS, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Ines Metatla
- Proteomics Platform Necker, Université Paris Cité–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, 75015 Paris, France; (I.M.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform Necker, Université Paris Cité–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, 75015 Paris, France; (I.M.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Thomas Hollin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (H.M.); (V.P.)
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jamal Khalife
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (H.M.); (V.P.)
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3
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Evaluation of Quantification and Normalization Strategies for Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Affinity Proteomics: Application to Breast Cancer Signaling. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:47-61. [PMID: 36448918 PMCID: PMC10625046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of proteomics data is essential for revealing and understanding biological signaling processes. We have recently developed a chemical proteomic strategy termed phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS) to investigate endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) dephosphorylation signaling. Here, we compare the robustness and reproducibility of status quo quantification methods for optimal performance and ease of implementation. We then apply PIB-MS to an array of breast cancer cell lines to determine differences in PPP signaling between subtypes. Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, consists of three main subtypes: estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor two positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). Although there are effective treatment strategies for ER+ and HER2+ subtypes, tumors become resistant and progress. Furthermore, TNBC has few targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a need to identify new approaches for treating breast cancers. Using PIB-MS, we distinguished TNBC from non-TNBC based on subtype-specific PPP holoenzyme composition. In addition, we identified an increase in PPP interactions with Hippo pathway proteins in TNBC. These interactions suggest that phosphatases in TNBC play an inhibitory role on the Hippo pathway and correlate with increased expression of YAP/TAZ target genes both in TNBC cell lines and in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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4
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The ribosomal RNA processing 1B:protein phosphatase 1 holoenzyme reveals non-canonical PP1 interaction motifs. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111726. [PMID: 36450254 PMCID: PMC9813921 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) dephosphorylates hundreds of substrates by associating with >200 regulatory proteins to form specific holoenzymes. The major PP1 targeting protein in the nucleolus is RRP1B (ribosomal RNA processing 1B). In addition to selectively recruiting PP1β/PP1γ to the nucleolus, RRP1B also has a key role in ribosome biogenesis, among other functions. How RRP1B binds PP1 and regulates nucleolar phosphorylation signaling is not yet known. Here, we show that RRP1B recruits PP1 via established (RVxF/SILK/ΦΦ) and non-canonical motifs. These atypical interaction sites, the PP1β/γ specificity, and N-terminal AF-binding pockets rely on hydrophobic interactions that contribute to binding and, via phosphorylation, regulate complex formation. This work advances our understanding of PP1 isoform selectivity, reveals key roles of N-terminal PP1 residues in regulator binding, and suggests that additional PP1 interaction sites have yet to be identified, all of which are necessary for a systems biology understanding of PP1 function.
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5
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Kokot T, Köhn M. Emerging insights into serine/threonine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase function and selectivity. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277104. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Protein phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues is a widely distributed post-translational modification on proteins that acts to regulate their function. Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) contribute significantly to a plethora of cellular functions through the accurate dephosphorylation of phosphorylated residues. Most PPPs accomplish their purpose through the formation of complex holoenzymes composed of a catalytic subunit with various regulatory subunits. PPP holoenzymes then bind and dephosphorylate substrates in a highly specific manner. Despite the high prevalence of PPPs and their important role for cellular function, their mechanisms of action in the cell are still not well understood. Nevertheless, substantial experimental advancements in (phospho-)proteomics, structural and computational biology have contributed significantly to a better understanding of PPP biology in recent years. This Review focuses on recent approaches and provides an overview of substantial new insights into the complex mechanism of PPP holoenzyme regulation and substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kokot
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
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6
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Wu G, Li D, Liang W, Sun W, Xie X, Tong Y, Shan B, Zhang M, Lu X, Yuan J, Li Y. PP6 negatively modulates LUBAC-mediated M1-ubiquitination of RIPK1 and c-FLIP L to promote TNFα-mediated cell death. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:773. [PMID: 36071040 PMCID: PMC9452587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of TNFR1 by TNFα induces the formation of a membrane-associated, intracellular complex termed complex I. Complex I orchestrates a complex pattern of modifications on key regulators of TNF signaling that collectively determines the cell fate by activating pro-survival or executing cell death programs. However, the regulatory mechanism of complex I in cell-fate decision is not fully understood. Here we identify protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) as a previously unidentified component of complex I. Loss of PP6 protects cells from TNFα-mediated cell death. The role of PP6 in regulating cell death requires its phosphatase activity and regulatory subunits. Further mechanistic studies show that PP6 modulates LUBAC-mediated M1-ubiquitination of RIPK1 and c-FLIPL to promote RIPK1 activation and c-FLIPL degradation. We also show that melanoma-associated PP6 inactivating mutants offer resistance to cell death due to the loss of sensitivity to TNFα. Thus, our study provides a potential mechanism by which melanoma-related PP6 inactivating mutations promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Dekang Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yilun Tong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, PuDong District, 201210 Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhu H, Mellors JS, Chan WC, Thompson JW, Ficarro SB, Tavares I, Bratt AS, Decker J, Krause M, Kruppa G, Buhrlage SJ, Marto JA. On-Chip Preconcentration Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Based CE-PRM-LIVE for High-Throughput Selectivity Profiling of Deubiquitinase Inhibitors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9508-9513. [PMID: 35729701 PMCID: PMC10654755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The family of deubiquitinases (DUBs) comprises ∼100 enzymes that cleave ubiquitin from substrate proteins and thereby regulate key aspects of human physiology. DUBs have recently emerged as disease-relevant and chemically tractable, although currently there are no approved DUB-targeting drugs and most preclinical small molecules are low-potency and/or multitargeted. We paired a novel capillary electrophoresis microchip containing an integrated, "on-chip" C18 bed (SPE-ZipChip) with a TMT version of our recently described PRM-LIVE acquisition scheme on a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer to facilitate rapid activity-based protein profiling of DUB inhibitors. We demonstrate the ability of the SPE-ZipChip to improve proteome coverage of complex samples as well as the quantitation integrity of CE-PRM-LIVE for TMT labeled samples. These technologies provide a platform to accurately quantify competitive binding of covalent and reversible inhibitors in a multiplexed assay that spans 49 endogenous DUBs in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - J Scott Mellors
- 908 Devices Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wai Cheung Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - J Will Thompson
- 908 Devices Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Isidoro Tavares
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ariana S Bratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jens Decker
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | | | - Gary Kruppa
- Bruker S.R.O., District Brno-City 61900 Czech Republic
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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8
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Vit G, Duro J, Rajendraprasad G, Hertz EPT, Holland LKK, Weisser MB, McEwan BC, Lopez‐Mendez B, Sotelo‐Parrilla P, Jeyaprakash AA, Montoya G, Mailand N, Maeda K, Kettenbach A, Barisic M, Nilsson J. Chemogenetic profiling reveals PP2A-independent cytotoxicity of proposed PP2A activators iHAP1 and DT-061. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110611. [PMID: 35695070 PMCID: PMC9289710 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an abundant phosphoprotein phosphatase that acts as a tumor suppressor. For this reason, compounds able to activate PP2A are attractive anticancer agents. The compounds iHAP1 and DT-061 have recently been reported to selectively stabilize specific PP2A-B56 complexes to mediate cell killing. We were unable to detect direct effects of iHAP1 and DT-061 on PP2A-B56 activity in biochemical assays and composition of holoenzymes. Therefore, we undertook genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic lethality screens to uncover biological pathways affected by these compounds. We found that knockout of mitotic regulators is synthetic lethal with iHAP1 while knockout of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi components is synthetic lethal with DT-061. Indeed we showed that iHAP1 directly blocks microtubule assembly both in vitro and in vivo and thus acts as a microtubule poison. In contrast, DT-061 disrupts both the Golgi apparatus and the ER and lipid synthesis associated with these structures. Our work provides insight into the biological pathways perturbed by iHAP1 and DT-061 causing cellular toxicity and argues that these compounds cannot be used for dissecting PP2A-B56 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmatteo Vit
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Joana Duro
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and CytoskeletonDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Emil P T Hertz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lya Katrine Kauffeldt Holland
- Cell Death and Metabolism UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Melanie Bianca Weisser
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Brennan C McEwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA,Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Blanca Lopez‐Mendez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | - Guillermo Montoya
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Mailand
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Arminja Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and CytoskeletonDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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9
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The emerging role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:637-654. [PMID: 35351998 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are the main targets of most drugs; however, system-wide methods to monitor protein activity and function are still underused in drug discovery. Novel biochemical approaches, in combination with recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics instrumentation and data analysis pipelines, have now enabled the dissection of disease phenotypes and their modulation by bioactive molecules at unprecedented resolution and dimensionality. In this Review, we describe proteomics and chemoproteomics approaches for target identification and validation, as well as for identification of safety hazards. We discuss innovative strategies in early-stage drug discovery in which proteomics approaches generate unique insights, such as targeted protein degradation and the use of reactive fragments, and provide guidance for experimental strategies crucial for success.
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10
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Lyons SP, Greiner EC, Cressey LE, Adamo ME, Kettenbach AN. Regulation of PP2A, PP4, and PP6 holoenzyme assembly by carboxyl-terminal methylation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23031. [PMID: 34845248 PMCID: PMC8630191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (PPPs) is responsible for most cellular serine and threonine dephosphorylation. PPPs achieve substrate specificity and selectivity by forming multimeric holoenzymes. PPP holoenzyme assembly is tightly controlled, and changes in the cellular repertoire of PPPs are linked to human disease, including cancer and neurodegeneration. For PP2A, PP4, and PP6, holoenzyme formation is in part regulated by carboxyl (C)-terminal methyl-esterification (often referred to as "methylation"). Here, we use mass spectrometry-based proteomics, methylation-ablating mutations, and genome editing to elucidate the role of C-terminal methylation on PP2A, PP4, and PP6 holoenzyme assembly. We find that the catalytic subunits of PP2A, PP4, and PP6 are frequently methylated in cancer cells and that deletion of the C-terminal leucine faithfully recapitulates loss of methylation. We observe that loss of PP2A methylation consistently reduced B55, B56, and B72 regulatory subunit binding in cancer and non-transformed cell lines. However, Striatin subunit binding is only affected in non-transformed cells. For PP4, we find that PP4R1 and PP4R3β bind in a methylation-dependent manner. Intriguingly, loss of methylation does not affect PP6 holoenzymes. Our analyses demonstrate in an unbiased, comprehensive, and isoform-specific manner the crucial regulatory function of endogenous PPP methylation in transformed and non-transformed cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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11
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Mitchell S, Moorhead GB, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Affinity-based profiling of endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatases by mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4919-4943. [PMID: 34518704 PMCID: PMC8822503 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) execute >90% of serine/threonine dephosphorylation in cells and tissues. While the role of PPPs in cell biology and diseases such as cancer, cardiac hypertrophy and Alzheimer's disease is well established, the molecular mechanisms governing and governed by PPPs still await discovery. Here we describe a chemical proteomic strategy, phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS), that enables the identification and quantification of PPPs and their posttranslational modifications in as little as 12 h. Using a specific but nonselective PPP inhibitor immobilized on beads, PIB-MS enables the efficient affinity-capture, identification and quantification of endogenous PPPs and associated proteins ('PPPome') from cells and tissues. PIB-MS captures functional, endogenous PPP subunit interactions and enables discovery of new binding partners. It performs PPP enrichment without exogenous expression of tagged proteins or specific antibodies. Because PPPs are among the most conserved proteins across evolution, PIB-MS can be employed in any cell line, tissue or organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sierra Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg B Moorhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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12
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Hu Z, Sankar DS, Vu B, Leytens A, Vionnet C, Wu W, Stumpe M, Martínez-Martínez E, Stork B, Dengjel J. ULK1 phosphorylation of striatin activates protein phosphatase 2A and autophagy. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109762. [PMID: 34592149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved ULK1 kinase complex acts as gatekeeper of canonical autophagy and regulates induction of autophagosome biogenesis. To better understand control of ULK1 and analyze whether ULK1 has broader functions that are also linked to the later steps of autophagy, we perform comprehensive phosphoproteomic analyses. Combining in vivo with in vitro data, we identify numerous direct ULK1 target sites within autophagy-relevant proteins that are critical for autophagosome maturation and turnover. In addition, we highlight an intimate crosstalk between ULK1 and several phosphatase complexes. ULK1 is not only a PP2A target but also directly phosphorylates the regulatory PP2A subunit striatin, activating PP2A and serving as positive feedback to promote autophagy-dependent protein turnover. Thus, ULK1 and phosphatase activities are tightly coordinated to robustly regulate protein degradation by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Bich Vu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Leytens
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christine Vionnet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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13
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Xiao C, Mei F, Ren G, Long L, Chen M, Fang X, Li J, Li K, Tang Y, Huang T, Deng W. Synergistic Effect of MC-LR and C-Terminal Truncated HBx on HepG2 Cells and Their Effects on PP2A Mediated Downstream Target of MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Genet 2020; 11:537785. [PMID: 33193609 PMCID: PMC7593820 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.537785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminally truncated hepatitis B virus (HBV) X (ctHBx) infection and exposure to microcystins-LR (MC-LR) can lead to human hepatitis and liver cancer, but the mechanism associated with their synergistically effects not been fully elucidated. The ctHBx (HBxΔ4 and HBxΔ32) lentivirus were constructed and transfected into the HepG2 cells. Then we investigated the function of MC-LR and ctHBx using the molecular biology approaches, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, clone formation assay, scratch wound testing, transwell assays, carried out flow cytometry respectively to examine cell cycle and apoptosis in each group, and detected the related proteins of HBx, MEK/ERK/JNK/p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the downstream proteins such as cdc2, cdc25C, and p53 by western blotting. We found that the protein phosphorylase 2A (PP2A) enzyme activity in MC-LR and HBxΔ32/HBxΔ4 groups decreased more than in MC-LR and HBx group at the same time point and MC-LR concentration (P < 0.05). Meanwhile the proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation capability of HepG2 cells were significantly enhanced in MC-LR and ctHBx groups (P < 0.05). In addition the proportion of S stage cells in the MC-LR-treated HBxΔ32/HBxΔ4 groups was significantly greater than that in the untreated groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protein expression of MAPK signaling pathway including phospho-MEK1/2, ERKl/2, p38, and JNK were up-regulated by MC-LR and HBxΔ32, and the expression of cyclin-related proteins, including p53, cdc25C, and cdc2 were also activated (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings revealed the essential significance of the MC-LR and ctHBx on the PP2A/MAPK/p53, cdc25C and cdc2 axis in the formation and development of HCC and identified MC-LR and ctHBx as potential causal cofactors of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Xiao
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fanbiao Mei
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Long Long
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Maojian Chen
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kezhi Li
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tianren Huang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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14
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Nasa I, Cressey LE, Kruse T, Hertz EPT, Gui J, Graves LM, Nilsson J, Kettenbach AN. Quantitative kinase and phosphatase profiling reveal that CDK1 phosphorylates PP2Ac to promote mitotic entry. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/648/eaba7823. [PMID: 32900880 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reciprocal regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) by protein kinases is essential to cell cycle progression and control, particularly during mitosis for which the role of kinases has been extensively studied. PPPs perform much of the serine/threonine dephosphorylation in eukaryotic cells and achieve substrate selectivity and specificity through the interaction of distinct regulatory subunits with conserved catalytic subunits in holoenzyme complexes. Using a mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics approach to enrich, identify, and quantify endogenous PPP holoenzyme complexes combined with kinase profiling, we investigated the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of PPP holoenzymes in mitotic cells. We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylated a threonine residue on the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase PP2A, which disrupted its holoenzyme formation with the regulatory subunit B55. The consequent decrease in the dephosphorylation of PP2A-B55 substrates promoted mitotic entry. This direct phosphorylation by CDK1 was in addition to a previously reported indirect mechanism, thus adding a layer to the interaction between CDK1 and PP2A in regulating mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Lauren E Cressey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil P T Hertz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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15
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Park EM, Scott PM, Clutario K, Cassidy KB, Zhan K, Gerber SA, Holland AJ. WBP11 is required for splicing the TUBGCP6 pre-mRNA to promote centriole duplication. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133543. [PMID: 31874114 PMCID: PMC7039186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole duplication occurs once in each cell cycle to maintain centrosome number. A previous genome-wide screen revealed that depletion of 14 RNA splicing factors leads to a specific defect in centriole duplication, but the cause of this deficit remains unknown. Here, we identified an additional pre-mRNA splicing factor, WBP11, as a novel protein required for centriole duplication. Loss of WBP11 results in the retention of ∼200 introns, including multiple introns in TUBGCP6, a central component of the γ-TuRC. WBP11 depletion causes centriole duplication defects, in part by causing a rapid decline in the level of TUBGCP6. Several additional splicing factors that are required for centriole duplication interact with WBP11 and are required for TUBGCP6 expression. These findings provide insight into how the loss of a subset of splicing factors leads to a failure of centriole duplication. This may have clinical implications because mutations in some spliceosome proteins cause microcephaly and/or growth retardation, phenotypes that are strongly linked to centriole defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Phillip M Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin Clutario
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katelyn B Cassidy
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Kevin Zhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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16
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Templeton GW, Johnson JJ, Sieben NA, Moorhead GB. GL2 EXPRESSION MODULATOR, a plant specific protein phosphatase one interactor that binds phosphoinositides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:607-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Köhn M. Turn and Face the Strange: A New View on Phosphatases. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:467-477. [PMID: 32341996 PMCID: PMC7181316 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation as a post-translational modification is critical for cellular homeostasis. Kinases and phosphatases regulate phosphorylation levels by adding or removing, respectively, a phosphate group from proteins or other biomolecules. Imbalances in phosphorylation levels are involved in a multitude of diseases. Phosphatases are often thought of as the black sheep, the strangers, of phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction, particularly when it comes to drug discovery and development. This is due to past difficulties to study them and unsuccessful attempts to target them; however, phosphatases have regained strong attention and are actively pursued now in clinical trials. By giving examples for current hot topics in phosphatase biology and for new approaches to target them, it is illustrated here how and why phosphatases made their comeback, and what is envisioned to come in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Köhn
- Faculty
of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University
of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling
Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Brauer BL, Moon TM, Sheftic SR, Nasa I, Page R, Peti W, Kettenbach AN. Leveraging New Definitions of the LxVP SLiM To Discover Novel Calcineurin Regulators and Substrates. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2672-2682. [PMID: 31633908 PMCID: PMC6925343 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Calcineurin (CN, PP2B, PP3) recognizes and binds to two short linear motifs (SLiMs), PxIxIT and LxVP, in its regulators and substrates. These interactions enable CN function in many key biological processes. The identification of SLiMs is difficult because of their short, degenerate sequence and often low binding affinity. Here we combine Structure Based Shape Complementarity (SBSC) analysis and proteome-wide affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify PxIxIT and LxVP containing CN interactors to expand and thereby redefine the LxVP motif. We find that the new πφ-LxVx primary sequence defines an ensemble of binding competent confirmations and thus the binding on-rate, making it difficult to predict the LxVP binding strength from its sequence. Our analysis confirms existing and, more importantly, identifies novel CN interactors, substrates, and thus biological functions of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Thomas M. Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sarah R. Sheftic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
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19
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Chen L, He Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ni D, Liu J, Hu Y, Gu Y, Xie Y, Zhou Q, Li Q. PPP3CB Inhibits Migration of G401 Cells via Regulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes G401 Cells Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020275. [PMID: 30641937 PMCID: PMC6359658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PPP3CB belongs to the phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) group. Although the majority of the PPP family play important roles in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, little is known about the function of PPP3CB in the EMT process. Here, we found PPP3CB had high expression in kidney mesenchymal-like cells compared with kidney epithelial-like cells. Knock-down of PPP3CB downregulated epithelial marker E-cadherin and upregulated mesenchymal marker Vimentin, promoting the transition of cell states from epithelial to mesenchymal and reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton which contributed to cell migration. Conversely, overexpression of PPP3CB reversed EMT and inhibited migration of tumor cells. Besides, in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the loss of PPP3CB suppressed the tumor growth. However, the deletion of the phosphatase domain of PPP3CB showed no effect on the expression of E-cadherin, migration, and G401 cell proliferation. Together, we demonstrate that PPP3CB inhibits G401 cell migration through regulating EMT and promotes cell proliferation, which are both associated with the phosphatase activity of PPP3CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qingling He
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yafei Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianing Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanxia Hu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuping Gu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yajun Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qianyin Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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