1
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Sulaibi MA, Zahra J, Bardaweel S, El Abadleh M, Taha MO. Docking-guided exploration of the anti-flt3 potential of isoindigo derivatives towards potential treatments of acute myeloid leukemia. Med Chem Res 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-024-03259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
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2
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Heier JL, Boselli DJ, Parker LL. Antibody-free time-resolved terbium luminescence assays designed for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590988. [PMID: 38712268 PMCID: PMC11071522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Novel time-resolved terbium luminescence assays were developed for CDK5 and CDK2 by designing synthetic substrates which incorporate phospho-inducible terbium sensitizing motifs with kinase substrate consensus sequences. Substrates designed for CDK5 showed no phosphorylation by CDK2, opening the possibility for CDK5-specific assay development for selective drug discovery.
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3
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Widstrom NE, Andrianov GV, Heier JL, Heier C, Karanicolas J, Parker LL. Novel Substrate Prediction for the TAM Family of RTKs Using Phosphoproteomics and Structure-Based Modeling. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:117-128. [PMID: 38159292 PMCID: PMC10921923 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases is implicated in multiple distinct oncogenic signaling pathways. However, to date, there are no FDA-approved small molecule inhibitors for the TAM kinases. Inhibitor design and screening rely on tools to study the kinase activity. Our goal was to address this gap by designing a set of synthetic peptide substrates for each of the TAM family members: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. We used an in vitro phosphoproteomics workflow to determine the substrate profile of each TAM kinase and input the identified substrates into our data processing pipeline, KINATEST-ID, producing a position-specific scoring matrix for each target kinase and generating a list of candidate synthetic peptide substrates. We synthesized and characterized a set of those substrate candidates, systematically measuring their initial phosphorylation rate with each TAM kinase by LC-MS. We also used the multimer modeling function of AlphaFold2 (AF2) to predict peptide-kinase interactions at the active site for each of the novel candidate peptide sequences against each of the TAM family kinases and observed that, remarkably, every sequence for which it predicted a putative catalytically competent interaction was also demonstrated biochemically to be a substrate for one or more of the TAM kinases. This work shows that kinase substrate design can be achieved using a combination of preference motifs and structural modeling, and it provides the first demonstration of peptide-protein interaction modeling with AF2 for predicting the likelihood of constructive catalytic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Widstrom
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
| | - Grigorii V. Andrianov
- Cancer Signaling & Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111 USA
| | - Jason L. Heier
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
| | - Celina Heier
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Cancer Signaling & Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111 USA
| | - Laurie L. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
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4
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Chong L, Hsu CC, Zhu Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for elucidating abscisic acid signaling and plant responses to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6547-6557. [PMID: 35959917 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have significant impacts on crop yield and quality. Even though significant efforts during the past decade have been devoted to uncovering the core signaling pathways associated with the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress in plants, abiotic stress signaling mechanisms in most crops remain largely unclear. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway, including early events in the osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation network, have recently been elucidated in Arabidopsis with the aid of phosphoproteomics technologies. We now know that SNF1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are not only inhibited by the clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) through dephosphorylation, but also phosphorylated and activated by upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks). Through describing the course of studies to elucidate abiotic stress and ABA signaling, we will discuss how we can take advantage of the latest innovations in mass-spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics and structural proteomics to boost our investigation of plant regulation and responses to ABA and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelyn Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
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5
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Widstrom NE, Perez M, Pratt ED, Heier JL, Blankenhorn JF, Breidenbach L, Peterson H, Parker LL. Novel Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Substrates for Time-Resolved Luminescence Assays. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1328-1333. [PMID: 35653784 PMCID: PMC10041687 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a well-documented target for cancer therapeutics due to its role in B-cell signaling pathways. However, inhibitor design is hindered by lack of tools to assess kinase activity. We used in vitro phosphoproteomics to determine BTK's substrate preferences and applied this information to our updated data processing pipeline, KINATEST-ID 2.1.0. This pipeline generates a position-specific scoring matrix for BTK and a list of candidate synthetic substrates, each given a score. Characterization of selected synthetic substrates demonstrated a correlation between KINATEST-ID 2.1.0 score and biochemical performance in in vitro kinase assays. Additionally, by incorporating a known terbium-chelation motif, we adapted synthetic substrates for use in an antibody-free time-resolved terbium luminescence assay. This assay has applications in high-throughput inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Widstrom
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Minervo Perez
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Erica D Pratt
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason L Heier
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John F Blankenhorn
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lindsay Breidenbach
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hannah Peterson
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 420 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Jena S, Parker LL. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Probes for Cell-Based Measurements of Enzyme Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:133-162. [PMID: 35094326 PMCID: PMC10041689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) enzymes are important modulators of protein structure and function. They typically act by chemically modifying amino acids, often on side chain functional groups, to change the physiochemical landscape of the protein and thus its biophysical behavior. In particular, protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate from ATP to serine, threonine, or tyrosine in protein substrates. They are key regulators of vital cellular pathways such as survival, proliferation, and apoptosis, and their dysregulation in the context of cancer has been widely investigated for the purpose of development of anticancer drugs. However, several critical questions pertaining to their physiology, such as heterogeneity of kinase signaling within and between cells, and other factors that may play into the mechanisms of drug resistance, remain unanswered. Many of the current strategies to measure kinase activity lack the scope, subcellular resolution, and real-time monitoring ability needed to obtain the type of information needed about their dynamics and localization in cells. While FRET-based biosensors are capable of dynamic single cell imaging, their applications can be limited by difficulties in multiplexing and the inherent inadequacies of steady state measurements. In this chapter, we describe our fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) probe technology in which peptide kinase substrates, linked to cell-penetrating peptides and labeled with small molecule fluorophores, are used to report kinase activity through time-resolved fluorescence imaging to visualize and quantify changes to the probe's fluorescence lifetime. These can be multiplexed for more than one kinase at a time, and interpretation is not affected by differences in local intensity due to probe uptake and distribution or photobleaching. With careful choice of peptide substrate(s), fluorophore label, and imaging set-up, high specificity and spatiotemporal resolution can be achieved. Due to the mechanism by which the lifetime change occurs, this approach is compatible with other PTMs (such as acetylation, methylation), and so the considerations for kinase FLIM probe design described in this chapter should be broadly applicable for other PTMs as well.
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Montecchini O, Braidotti S, Franca R, Zudeh G, Boni C, Sorio C, Toffoletti E, Rabusin M, Tommasini A, Decorti G, Stocco G. A Novel ELISA-Based Peptide Biosensor Assay for Screening ABL1 Activity in vitro: A Challenge for Precision Therapy in BCR-ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 Like Leukemias. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749361. [PMID: 34867354 PMCID: PMC8640483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic role of the overactivated ABL1 tyrosine kinase (TK) pathway is well recognized in some forms of BCR-ABL1 like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); TK inhibitors represent a useful therapeutic choice in these patients who respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy. Here we report a novel peptide biosensor (PABL)-ELISA assay to investigate ABL1 activity in four immortalized leukemic cell lines with different genetic background. The PABL sequence comprises an ABL1 tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation site and a targeting sequence that increases the specificity for ABL1; additional peptides (Y-site-mutated (PABL-F) and fully-phosphorylated (PPHOSPHO-ABL) biosensors) were included in the assay. After incubation with whole cell lysates, average PABL phosphorylation was significantly increased (basal vs. PABL phosphorylation: 6.84 ± 1.46% vs. 32.44 ± 3.25%, p-value < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test, percentages relative to PPHOSPHO-ABL in each cell line). Cell lines expressing ABL1-chimeric proteins (K562, ALL-SIL) presented the higher TK activity on PABL; a lower signal was instead observed for NALM6 and REH (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 vs. K562, respectively). Phosphorylation was ABL1-mediated, as demonstrated by the specific inhibition of imatinib (p < 0.001 for K562, NALM6, ALL-SIL and p < 0.01 for REH) in contrast to ruxolitinib (JAK2-inhibitor), and occurred on the ABL1 Y-site, as demonstrated by PABL-F whose phosphorylation was comparable to basal levels. In order to validate this novel PABL-ELISA assay on leukemic cells isolated from patient’s bone marrow aspirates, preliminary analysis on blasts derived from an adult affected by chronic myeloid leukaemia (BCR-ABL1 positive) and a child affected by ALL (BCR-ABL1 negative) were performed. Phosphorylation of PABL was specifically inhibited after the incubation of BCR-ABL1 positive cell lysates with imatinib, but not with ruxolitinib. While requiring further optimization and validation in leukemic blasts to be of clinical interest, the PABL-based ELISA assay provides a novel in vitro tool for screening both the aberrant ABL1 activity in BCR-ABL1 like ALL leukemic cells and their potential response to TK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Montecchini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Braidotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Zudeh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Boni
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Toffoletti
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Rabusin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health (I.R.C.C.S) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health (I.R.C.C.S) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health (I.R.C.C.S) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Karamafrooz A, Brennan J, Thomas DD, Parker LL. Integrated Phosphoproteomics for Identifying Substrates of Human Protein Kinase A ( PRKACA) and Its Oncogenic Mutant DNAJB1 -PRKACA. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4815-4830. [PMID: 34436901 PMCID: PMC10153428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion is the signature genetic event of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC), a rare but lethal liver cancer that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. A deletion fuses the first exon of the HSP40 gene (DNAJB1), with exons 2-10 of protein kinase A (PRKACA), producing the chimeric kinase DNAJB1-PKAca (J-PKAca). The HSP40 portion's scaffolding/chaperone function has been implicated in redirecting substrate recognition to upregulate oncogenic pathways, but the direct substrates of this fusion are not fully known. We integrated cell-based and in vitro phosphoproteomics to identify substrates targeted directly by PKA and J-PKAca, comparing phosphoproteome profiles from cells with in vitro rephosphorylation of peptides and proteins from lysates using recombinant enzymes. We identified a subset of phosphorylation sites in both cell-based and in vitro experiments, as well as altered pathways and proteins consistent with observations from related studies. We also treated cells with PKA inhibitors that function by two different mechanisms (rpcAMPs and PKI) and examined phosphoproteome profiles, finding some substrates that persisted in the presence of inhibitors and revealing differences between WT and chimera. Overall, these results provide potential insights into J-PKAca's oncogenic activity in a complex cellular system and may provide candidate targets for therapeutic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adak Karamafrooz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Current affiliation: Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Jack Brennan
- Independent Technology Consultant, LIC, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is mutated in ∼30% of patients that suffer from acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In about 25% of all AML patients, in-frame insertions are observed in the sequence. Most of those insertions are internal tandem duplications (ITDs) of a sequence from the protein. The characteristics of such mutations in terms of length, sequence, and location were hitherto studied in different populations, but not in a comprehensive mutation database. Here, in-frame insertions into the FLT3 gene were extracted from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. These were analyzed with respect to the length, location, and sequence of the mutations. Furthermore, characteristic strings (sequences) of different lengths were identified. Mutations were shown to occur most often in the juxtamembrane zipper (JM-Z) domain of FLT3, followed by the hinge domain and first tyrosine kinase domain (TKD1), upstream of the phosphate-binding loop (P-loop). Interestingly, there are specific hot spot residues where insertions are more likely to occur. The insertions vary in length between one and 67 amino acids, with the largest insertions spanning the phosphate binding loop. Insertions that occur downstream of the P-loop are shorter. Our analysis further shows that acidic and aromatic residues are enriched in the insertions. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were run for FLT3 with ITD insertions in the hinge and tyrosine kinase domains. On the basis of the findings, a mechanism is proposed for activation by ITDs, according to which there is no direct coupling between the length of the insertion and the activity of the mutated protein. The effect of insertions on the sensitivity of FLT3 to kinase inhibitors is discussed based on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Todde
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnæus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnæus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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10
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Najt CP, Khan SA, Heden TD, Witthuhn BA, Perez M, Heier JL, Mead LE, Franklin MP, Karanja KK, Graham MJ, Mashek MT, Bernlohr DA, Parker L, Chow LS, Mashek DG. Lipid Droplet-Derived Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Traffic via PLIN5 to Allosterically Activate SIRT1. Mol Cell 2019; 77:810-824.e8. [PMID: 31901447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) provide a reservoir for triacylglycerol storage and are a central hub for fatty acid trafficking and signaling in cells. Lipolysis promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism via a SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα-dependent pathway through an unknown mechanism. Herein, we identify that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) allosterically activate SIRT1 toward select peptide-substrates such as PGC-1α. MUFAs enhance PGC-1α/PPARα signaling and promote oxidative metabolism in cells and animal models in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Moreover, we characterize the LD protein perilipin 5 (PLIN5), which is known to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function, to be a fatty-acid-binding protein that preferentially binds LD-derived monounsaturated fatty acids and traffics them to the nucleus following cAMP/PKA-mediated lipolytic stimulation. Thus, these studies identify the first-known endogenous allosteric modulators of SIRT1 and characterize a LD-nuclear signaling axis that underlies the known metabolic benefits of MUFAs and PLIN5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Salmaan A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D Heden
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bruce A Witthuhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Minervo Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason L Heier
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linnea E Mead
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mallory P Franklin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth K Karanja
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Mara T Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laurie Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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11
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Kruk M, Widstrom N, Jena S, Wolter NL, Blankenhorn JF, Abdalla I, Yang TY, Parker LL. Assays for tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells. Methods Enzymol 2019; 626:375-406. [PMID: 31606083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are important for many cellular processes and disruption of their regulation is a factor in diseases like cancer, therefore they are a major target of anticancer drugs. There are many ways to measure tyrosine kinase activity in cells by monitoring endogenous substrate phosphorylation, or by using peptide substrates and incubating them with cell lysates containing active kinases. However, most of these strategies rely on antibodies and/or are limited in how accurately they model the intracellular environment. In cases in which activity needs to be measured in cells, but endogenous substrates are not known and/or suitable phosphospecific antibodies are not available, cell-deliverable peptide substrates can be an alternative and can provide information on activation and inhibition of kinases in intact, live cells. In this chapter, we review this methodology and provide a protocol for measuring Abl kinase activity in human cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a generic antiphosphotyrosine antibody for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kruk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Naomi Widstrom
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sampreeti Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nicole L Wolter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John F Blankenhorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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