1
|
Erguven M, Kilic S, Karaca E, Diril MK. Genetic complementation screening and molecular docking give new insight on phosphorylation-dependent Mastl kinase activation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8241-8253. [PMID: 36270968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2131627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mastl is a mitotic kinase that is essential for error-free chromosome segregation. It is an atypical member of AGC kinase family, possessing a unique non-conserved middle region. The mechanism of Mastl activation has been studied extensively in vitro. Phosphorylation of several residues were identified to be crucial for activation. These sites correspond to T193 and T206 in the activation loop and S861 in the C-terminal tail of mouse Mastl. To date, the significance of these phosphosites was not confirmed in intact mammalian cells. Here, we utilize a genetic complementation approach to determine the essentials of mammalian Mastl kinase activation. We used tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts to delete endogenous Mastl and screened various mutants for their ability to complement its loss. S861A mutant was able to complement endogenous Mastl loss. In parallel, we performed computational molecular docking studies to evaluate the significance of this residue for kinase activation. Our in-depth sequence and structure analysis revealed that Mastl pS861 does not belong to a conformational state, where the phosphoresidue contributes to C-tail docking. C-tail of Mastl is relatively short and it lacks a hydrophobic (HF) motif that would otherwise help its anchoring over N-lobe, required for the final steps of kinase activation. Our results show that phosphorylation of Mastl C-tail turn motif (S861) is dispensable for kinase function in cellulo.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erguven
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seval Kilic
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Karaca
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Kasim Diril
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pei J, Cong Q. Computational analysis of regulatory regions in human protein kinases. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4764. [PMID: 37632170 PMCID: PMC10503413 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic proteins often feature modular domain structures comprising globular domains that are connected by linker regions and intrinsically disordered regions that may contain important functional motifs. The intramolecular interactions of globular domains and nonglobular regions can play critical roles in different aspects of protein function. However, studying these interactions and their regulatory roles can be challenging due to the flexibility of nonglobular regions, the long insertions separating interacting modules, and the transient nature of some interactions. Obtaining the experimental structures of multiple domains and functional regions is more difficult than determining the structures of individual globular domains. High-quality structural models generated by AlphaFold offer a unique opportunity to study intramolecular interactions in eukaryotic proteins. In this study, we systematically explored intramolecular interactions between human protein kinase domains (KDs) and potential regulatory regions, including globular domains, N- and C-terminal tails, long insertions, and distal nonglobular regions. Our analysis identified intramolecular interactions between human KDs and 35 different types of globular domains, exhibiting a variety of interaction modes that could contribute to orthosteric or allosteric regulation of kinase activity. We also identified prevalent interactions between human KDs and their flanking regions (N- and C-terminal tails). These interactions exhibit group-specific characteristics and can vary within each specific kinase group. Although long-range interactions between KDs and nonglobular regions are relatively rare, structural details of these interactions offer new insights into the regulation mechanisms of several kinases, such as HASPIN, MAPK7, MAPK15, and SIK1B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sugahara S, Haga H, Ikeda C, Makino N, Matsuda A, Kakizaki Y, Hoshikawa K, Katsumi T, Ishizawa T, Kobayashi T, Maki K, Suzuki F, Murakami R, Sato H, Ueno Y. Role of Bile-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatocellular Proliferation after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119230. [PMID: 37298180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although liver regeneration has been extensively studied, the effects of bile-derived extracellular vesicles (bile EVs) on hepatocytes has not been elucidated. We examined the influence of bile EVs, collected from a rat model of 70% partial hepatectomy (PH), on hepatocytes. We produced bile-duct-cannulated rats. Bile was collected over time through an extracorporeal bile duct cannulation tube. Bile EVs were extracted via size exclusion chromatography. The number of EVs released into the bile per liver weight 12 h after PH significantly increased. Bile EVs collected 12 and 24 h post-PH, and after sham surgery (PH12-EVs, PH24-EVs, sham-EVs) were added to the rat hepatocyte cell line, and 24 h later, RNA was extracted and transcriptome analysis performed. The analysis revealed that more upregulated/downregulated genes were observed in the group with PH24-EVs. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) analysis focusing on the cell cycle revealed an upregulation of 28 types of genes in the PH-24 group, including genes that promote cell cycle progression, compared to the sham group. PH24-EVs induced hepatocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, whereas sham-Evs showed no significant difference compared to the controls. This study revealed that post-PH bile Evs promote the proliferation of the hepatocytes, and genes promoting cell cycles are upregulated in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Sugahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Chisaki Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Yamagata University Health Administration Center, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-Machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Keita Maki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Fumiya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Ryoko Murakami
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-8595, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanz‐Castillo B, Hurtado B, Vara‐Ciruelos D, El Bakkali A, Hermida D, Salvador‐Barbero B, Martínez‐Alonso D, González‐Martínez J, Santiveri C, Campos‐Olivas R, Ximénez‐Embún P, Muñoz J, Álvarez‐Fernández M, Malumbres M. The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase-phosphatase module restrains PI3K-Akt activity in an mTORC1-dependent manner. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110833. [PMID: 36354735 PMCID: PMC9841333 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT-mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K-AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1- and S6K1-dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55-dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL-PP2A/B55 kinase-phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz‐Castillo
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Diana Vara‐Ciruelos
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Dario Hermida
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Martínez‐Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Clara Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Campos‐Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Mónica Álvarez‐Fernández
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
SILAC kinase screen identifies potential MASTL substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10568. [PMID: 35732702 PMCID: PMC9217955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) has emerged as a critical regulator of mitosis and as a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. To date, Arpp-19/ENSA are the only known substrates of MASTL. However, with the roles of MASTL expanding and increased interest in development of MASTL inhibitors, it has become critical to determine if there are additional substrates and what the optimal consensus motif for MASTL is. Here we utilized a whole cell lysate in vitro kinase screen combined with stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to identify potential substrates and the residue preference of MASTL. Using the related AGC kinase family members AKT1/2, the kinase screen identified several known and new substrates highly enriched for the validated consensus motif of AKT. Applying this method to MASTL identified 59 phospho-sites on 67 proteins that increased in the presence of active MASTL. Subsequent in vitro kinase assays suggested that MASTL may phosphorylate hnRNPM, YB1 and TUBA1C under certain in vitro conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that MASTL may phosphorylate several additional substrates, providing insight into the ever-increasing biological functions and roles MASTL plays in driving cancer progression and therapy resistance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kinase-Independent Functions of MASTL in Cancer: A New Perspective on MASTL Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071624. [PMID: 32640605 PMCID: PMC7407770 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL; Greatwall) is a well-characterized kinase, whose catalytic role has been extensively studied in relation to cell-cycle acceleration. Importantly, MASTL has been implicated to play a substantial role in cancer progression and subsequent studies have shown that MASTL is a significant regulator of the cellular actomyosin cytoskeleton. Several kinases have non-catalytic properties, which are essential or even sufficient for their functions. Likewise, MASTL functions have been attributed both to kinase-dependent phosphorylation of downstream substrates, but also to kinase-independent regulation of the actomyosin contractile machinery. In this review, we aimed to highlight the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of MASTL in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further, we discussed the implications of this dual role for therapeutic design.
Collapse
|