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Rashidmayvan M, Mansoori A, Aghasizadeh M, Dianati M, Barati S, Sahranavard T, Darroudi S, Ahari RK, Esmaily H, Ferns G, Sarabi MRM, Faridni R, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Moohebati M. Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk by serum zinc and copper concentrations and anthropometric measurements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127385. [PMID: 38278053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various anthropometric indices, as well as the serum levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), copper-zinc ratio (Cu/Zn ratio) and zinc-copper ratio (Zn/Cu ratio), in a large population sample from northeastern Iranian. METHOD 9704 individuals aged 35 to 65 were enrolled in the first phase of the study. After a 10-year follow-up, 7560 participants were enrolled into the second phase. The variables used in this study included demographic characteristics, such as gender and age; biochemical parameters including: serum Zn, Cu, Cu/Zn ratio, and Zn/Cu ratio; anthropometric parameters including: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The relationship between the aforementioned indices and CVD was examined using decision tree (DT) and logistic regression (LR) models. RESULTS A total of 837 individuals were diagnosed with CVD among the 7560 participants. LR analysis showed that BMI, age, WH zinc-copper ratio (Zn/Cu ratio), and serum Zn/Cu ratio were significantly associated the development of CVD in men, and WHR, age, BMI, serum Cu, and Cu/Zn ratio in women. DT analysis showed that, age was the most important predictor of CVD in both genders. 71% of women, older than 49 years, with a WHR≥ 0.89, serum Cu< 75 (µg/dl), BMI≥ 22.93 (kg/m2), and serum Cu≥ 14 (µg/dl), had the highest risk of CVD. In men, among those who were ≥ 53 years, with a WHR≥ 0.98, serum Zn/Cu ratio< 1.69, and BMI≥ 22.30, had the highest risk of CVD. CONCLUSION Among Iranian adult population, BMI, age, and WHR were one of the predictors of CVD for both genders. The Zn/Cu ratio was CVD predictor for men while Cu/Zn ratio was CVD predictor for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rashidmayvan
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amin Mansoori
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Aghasizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Dianati
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sama Barati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Sahranavard
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Darroudi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Rana Kolahi Ahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Reyhaneh Faridni
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbits are classified as obligate herbivores. However, under natural conditions, some members of the family Leporidae incorporate animal products into their diets. Therefore, it seems biologically justified to supplement the diets of farmed rabbits with feeds of animal origin as sources of protein, fat and minerals. The aim of this review was to describe, from a historical perspective, the use of various feeds of animal origin in rabbit nutrition. The applicability of by-products from mammal, poultry, fish and invertebrate processing for rabbit feeding was evaluated, including the future prospects for their use. A review of the available literature revealed that various animal-based feeds can be valuable protein sources in rabbit diets, but their inclusion levels should not exceed 5-10%. Studies investigating their efficacy have been conducted since the 1970s. In some regions of the world, the use of animal-derived protein in livestock feeds was prohibited due to the risk of spreading bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, the interest in animal by-products as protein sources in livestock diets is likely to increase since the above ban has been lifted.
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Zakeri N, kelishadi MR, Asbaghi O, Naeini F, Afsharfar M, Mirzadeh E, Naserizadeh SK. Selenium supplementation and oxidative stress: A review. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to overview the history of feeding rabbits with different types of animal fats, and to discuss their effects on rabbit performance and quality of their products. Other aspects of the inclusion of various animal fats in rabbit diets are also described. This article is based on the analysis of relevant scientific literature and presents animal fats fed to rabbits, such as beef tallow, butter, pork lard, poultry fat, fish oil, krill oil, oil extracted from insect larvae, mixtures of various animal fats, and mixtures of animal and vegetable fats. The reported papers describe the effect of fats on growth performance, lactation, rearing performance, meat quality, and health status of rabbits. It is notable that in many cases, various animal fats were often an integral part of numerous diets or were included in control diets. The presented information demonstrates that animal fat can be fed to rabbits at 2–4% of the diet without negative effects on reproductive performance, growth performance and quality of meat obtained. Rabbits were used as model animals in many studies in which fat was added to balance the diets and to increase their energy value, especially when investigating various cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases.
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Mohammadifard N, Humphries KH, Gotay C, Mena-Sánchez G, Salas-Salvadó J, Esmaillzadeh A, Ignaszewski A, Sarrafzadegan N. Trace minerals intake: Risks and benefits for cardiovascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1334-1346. [PMID: 29236516 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1406332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Minerals play a major role in regulating cardiovascular function. Imbalances in electrolyte minerals are frequent and potentially hazardous occurrences that may lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Transition metals, such as iron, zinc, copper and selenium, play a major role in cell metabolism. However, there is controversy over the effects of dietary and supplemental intake of these metals on cardiovascular risk factors and events. Since their pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions can have different effects on cardiovascular health. While deficiency of these trace elements can cause cardiovascular dysfunction, several studies have also shown a positive association between metal serum levels and cardiovascular risk factors and events. Thus, a J- or U-shaped relationship between the transition minerals and cardiovascular events has been proposed. Given the existing controversies, large, well-designed, long-term, randomized clinical trials are required to better examine the effects of trace mineral intake on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. In this review, we discuss the role of dietary and/or supplemental iron, copper, zinc, and selenium on cardiovascular health. We will also clarify their clinical applications, benefits, and harms in CVDs prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- a Hypertension Research Center , Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Interventional Cardiology Research Center , Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Karin H Humphries
- c Women's Cardiovascular Health , Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Carolyn Gotay
- d Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Guillermo Mena-Sánchez
- e Human Nutrition Unit , Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology , IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition , Reus , Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- e Human Nutrition Unit , Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology , IISPV, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition , Reus , Spain
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- f Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center , Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular, Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,g Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,h Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Andrew Ignaszewski
- i Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- j Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center , Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Oztürk Z, Gurpinar T, Vural K, Boyacıoglu S, Korkmaz M, Var A. Effects of selenium on endothelial dysfunction and metabolic profile in low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed a high fat diet. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:506-15. [PMID: 25978137 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction develops as a result of oxidative stress and is responsible for diabetic vascular complications. We investigated the effects of selenium on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: controls, untreated diabetics, and diabetics treated with 180, 300, 500 mcg/kg selenium each day. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin to rats fed a high fat diet. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were measured in the thoracic aorta. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expressions were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, lipid oxidation, insulin and nitric oxide were measured in blood samples. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in liver samples. RT-PCR showed that selenium reversed increased NADPH oxidase expression and decreased eNOS expression to control levels. Selenium also improved the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the diabetic aorta. Selenium treatment significantly decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and enhanced the antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that selenium restores a normal metabolic profile and ameliorates vascular responses and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by regulating antioxidant enzyme and nitric oxide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Oztürk
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Atatürk Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - T Gurpinar
- b Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - K Vural
- b Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - S Boyacıoglu
- c Department of Medical Genetics , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - M Korkmaz
- d Department of Medical Biology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - A Var
- e Department of Biochemistery , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
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Asemi Z, Jamilian M, Mesdaghinia E, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition 2015; 31:1235-42. [PMID: 26250486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of selenium supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on metabolic status in pregnant women with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed with 70 women with GDM. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 200 μg selenium supplements as tablet (n = 35) or placebo (n = 35) for 6 wk from weeks 24 to 28 of gestation. Fasting plasma samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 wk of intervention to quantify related variables. RESULTS Selenium supplementation, compared with placebo, resulted in a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-10.5 ± 11.9 versus +4.5 ± 12.9 mg/dL; P < 0.001), serum insulin levels (-1.98 ± 11.25 versus +5.26 ± 9.33 μIU/mL; P = 0.005), homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (-0.84 ± 2.76 versus +1.47 ± 2.46; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.008 ± 0.03 versus -0.01 ± 0.01; P = 0.009). Additionally, a significant decrease in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (-791.8 ± 2271.8 versus +500.5 ± 2563.3 ng/mL; P = 0.02) was seen after the administration of selenium supplements compared with placebo. Additionally, we observed a significant elevation in plasma glutathione (+52.14 ± 58.31 versus -39.93 ± 153.52 μmol/L; P = 0.002) and a significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde levels (-0.01 ± 0.36 versus +0.67 ± 1.90 μmol/L; P = 0.04) after consumption of selenium supplements compared with placebo. We did not find any significant effect of taking selenium supplements on HOMA β-cell function, lipid profiles, plasma nitric oxide, or total antioxidant capacity concentrations. CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation in pregnant women with GDM demonstrated beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, hs-CRP levels, and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehri Jamilian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mesdaghinia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Chan E, Chan JYY, Wu JH, Wan CW, Leung GPH, Lee SMY, Kwan YW, Chan SW. Serum nitric oxide synthase activity is a novel predictor of impaired vasorelaxation in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:894-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong; China
| | - Janet Yuen-Yan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong; China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong; China
| | - Chun-Wai Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong; China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong; China
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Alizadeh M, Safaeiyan A, Ostadrahimi A, Estakhri R, Daneghian S, Ghaffari A, Gargari BP. Effect of L-arginine and selenium added to a hypocaloric diet enriched with legumes on cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with central obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:157-68. [PMID: 22517293 DOI: 10.1159/000335470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to discover if L-arginine and selenium alone or together can increase the effect of a hypocaloric diet enriched in legumes (HDEL) on central obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in women with central obesity. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken in 84 premenopausal women with central obesity. After a 2-week run-in period on an isocaloric diet, participants were randomly assigned to a control diet (HDEL), L-arginine (5 g/day) and HDEL, selenium (200 μg/day) and HDEL or L-arginine, selenium and HDEL for 6 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed before intervention and 3 and 6 weeks afterwards. RESULTS After 6 weeks, L-arginine had significantly reduced waist circumference (WC); selenium had significantly lowered fasting concentrations of serum insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; the interaction between L-arginine and selenium significantly reduced the fasting concentration of nitric oxides (NO(x)), and HDEL lowered triglycerides (TG) and WC and significantly increased the fasting concentration of NO(x). HDEL reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the first half of the study and returned them to basal levels in the second half. CONCLUSION These data indicate the beneficial effects of L-arginine on central obesity, selenium on insulin resistance and HDEL on serum concentrations of NO(x) and TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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High-dose supplemental selenite to male Syrian hamsters fed hypercholesterolaemic diets alters Ldlr, Abcg8 and Npc1l1 mRNA expression and lowers plasma cholesterol concentrations. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:257-66. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible cholesterol-lowering mechanism(s) of high-dose supplemental Se in the form of selenite, a known hypocholesterolaemic agent. Male Syrian hamsters (four groups, ten per group) were fed semi-purified diets for 4 weeks containing 0·1 % cholesterol and 15 % saturated fat with selenite corresponding to varying levels of Se: (1) Se 0·15 parts per million (ppm), control diet; (2) Se 0·85 ppm; (3) Se 1·7 ppm; (4) Se 3·4 ppm. Lipids were measured in the bile, faeces, liver and plasma. The mRNA expression of several known regulators of cholesterol homeostasis (ATP-binding cassette transporters g5 (Abcg5) and g8 (Abcg8), 7-hydroxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, LDL receptor (LdLr) and Nieman-Pick C1-like 1 protein (Npc1l1)) were measured in the liver and/or jejunum. Oxysterols including 24-(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) were measured in the liver. Significantly lower total plasma cholesterol concentrations were observed in hamsters consuming the low (0·85 ppm) and high (3·4 ppm) Se doses. The two highest doses of Se resulted in decreased plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased mRNA levels of hepatic Abcg8, Ldlr and jejunal Ldlr. Higher hepatic 27-OHC and TAG concentrations and lower levels of jejunal Npc1l1 mRNA expression were noted in the 1·7 and 3·4 ppm Se-treated hamsters. Overall, Se-induced tissue changes in mRNA expression including increased hepatic Abcg8 and Ldlr, increased jejunal Ldlr and decreased jejunal Npc1l1, provide further elucidation regarding the hypocholesterolaemic mechanisms of action of Se in the form of selenite.
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Poirier J, Cockell KA, Ratnayake WMN, Scoggan KA, Hidiroglou N, Gagnon C, Rocheleau H, Gruber H, Griffin P, Madère R, Trick K, Kubow S. Antioxidant Supplements Improve Profiles of Hepatic Oxysterols and Plasma Lipids in Butter-fed Hamsters. Nutr Metab Insights 2010; 3:1-14. [PMID: 23966787 PMCID: PMC3736883 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemic diets are associated with oxidative stress that may contribute to hypercholesterolemia by adversely affecting enzymatically-generated oxysterols involved in cholesterol homeostasis. An experiment was conducted to examine whether the cholesterol-lowering effects of the antioxidants selenium and α-tocopherol were related to hepatic oxysterol concentrations. Four groups of male Syrian hamsters (n = 7-8) were fed high cholesterol and saturated fat (0.46% cholesterol, 14.3% fat) hypercholesterolemic semi-purified diets: 1) Control; 2) Control + α-tocopherol (67 IU all-racemic-α-tocopheryl-acetate/kg diet); 3) Control + selenium (3.4 mg selenate/kg diet); and 4) Control + α-tocopherol + selenium. Antioxidant supplementation was associated with lowered plasma cholesterol concentrations, decreased tissue lipid peroxidation and higher hepatic oxysterol concentrations. A second experiment examined the effect of graded selenium doses (0.15, 0.85, 1.7 and 3.4 mg selenate/kg diet) on mRNA expression of the oxysterol-generating enzyme, hepatic 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1, EC 1.14.13.15), in hamsters (n = 8-9) fed the hypercholesterolemic diets. Supplementation of selenium at 3.4 mg selenate/kg diet was not associated with increased hepatic 27-hydroxylase mRNA. In conclusion, the cholesterol lowering effects of selenium and α-tocopherol were associated with increased hepatic enzymatically generated oxysterol concentrations, which appears to be mediated via improved antioxidant status rather than increased enzymatic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Poirier
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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Avci G, Kupeli E, Eryavuz A, Yesilada E, Kucukkurt I. Antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:418-23. [PMID: 16713156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from five plant species used in Turkish traditional medicine were evaluated for in vivo hypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities: Agrostemma githago L., Potentilla reptans L., Thymbra spicata var. spicata L., Urtica dioica L. and Viscum album var. album L. We assayed the effects of the administration of plant extracts on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, AST and ALT concentrations in mice fed with cholesterol-rich diet. In addition, plasma TAA, MDA and NO(x) levels in the same animals were assayed. All the aqueous plant extracts did not affect the serum cholesterol concentration. However, the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata and Viscum album decreased the serum cholesterol concentration in the mice fed with high-cholesterol diet without inducing any gastric damage. The ethanolic extracts of Thymbra spicata, Viscum album, Potentilla reptans and Urtica dioica and the aqueous extract of Agrostemma githago increased the serum HDL concentration, whereas the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata, Viscum album and Urtica dioica decreased the serum LDL-C concentration. Thymbra spicata and Viscum album were observed to decrease the serum triglyceride concentration. Among the plant extracts studied, the ethanolic extracts of Thymbra spicata significantly decreased the MDA level in mice. The ethanolic extract of Potentilla reptans increased in NO(x). None of these plants showed statistically prominent activity on plasma TAA. Results of the present study indicated that the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata and Viscum album showed potent hypocholesterolaemic activity in the mice fed with a diet containing high-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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Mehta U, Kang BPS, Kukreja RS, Bansal MP. Ultrastructural examination of rabbit aortic wall following high-fat diet feeding and selenium supplementation: a transmission electron microscopy study. J Appl Toxicol 2002; 22:405-13. [PMID: 12424744 DOI: 10.1002/jat.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to examine the changes occurring in the wall of rabbit aortae following high-fat diet (HFD) feeding as well as HFD + selenium supplementation. Male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups-control, HFD-fed and HFD + Se supplementation-and were treated for three months. The study depicted that levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were markedly increased in the HFD-fed group as compared with control animals. However, in the HFD + Se-fed group, these levels were markedly suppressed vis-à-vis animals fed on HFD only. Development of atherogenic and atheromatic plaques has been shown at the light microscopy level in HFD-fed rabbits, whereas these developments were not visible in the HFD + Se-fed rabbits. Transmission electron microscopy findings indicated altered ultrastructure in the endothelial cells of the intimal layer as well as smooth-muscle cells of the medial layer in HFD-fed animals. However, these findings indicated normal ultrastructure in most of the cells, with little ultrastructural alterations from animals supplemented with Se along with HFD feeding. The study on the whole depicted the ability of Se to inhibit the onset of progression of aortic disease and hence has relevance to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Basini G, Tamanini C. Selenium stimulates estradiol production in bovine granulosa cells: possible involvement of nitric oxide. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2000; 18:1-17. [PMID: 10701760 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(99)00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduction in fertility is well known to be possibly related to selenium deficiencies, even if target organ for selenium action is, at present, unclear. The present study was aimed to examine whether selenium directly influences granulosa cells. Bovine granulosa cells from different size follicles were used to investigate the effect of selenium (5 ng/ml), with or without bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) (100 ng/ml), on proliferation and steroidogenesis. In addition, we sought to determine if selenium modulates the production of nitric oxide, which is known to play an important role in ovarian activity. Our data demonstrate that selenium significantly (P < 0.001) stimulates the proliferation of the cells from small follicles; moreover, it further potentiates the stimulatory effect of the gonadotropin in the same cells. Furthermore, selenium significantly (P < 0.01) augments E2 output by cells from both kinds of follicles. bFSH increases E2 production (P < 0.01) by cells from large follicles, whereas it exerts a stimulatory (P < 0.01) effect only in the presence of selenium in the cells from the small ones. The production of nitric oxide is significantly increased (P < 0.001) by bFSH, but only in cells from small follicles. Selenium inhibits (P < 0.001) nitric oxide production in cells from both kinds of follicles and significantly decreases (P < 0.001) bFSH-induced nitric oxide production in cells from the small ones. We conclude that selenium acts on granulosa cells by modulating their proliferation and E2 synthesis; moreover, its effect could be mediated, at least in part, through an inhibition of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
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