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Tachibana T, Notomi S, Funatsu J, Fujiwara K, Nakatake S, Murakami Y, Nakao S, Kanamoto T, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi T, Sonoda KH, Hisatomi T. Intraocular kinetics of pathological ATP after photoreceptor damage in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s10384-024-01087-x. [PMID: 39060674 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-024-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released by dying cells may cause a secondary cell death in neighboring cells in retinal degeneration. We investigated intraocular ATP kinetics to gain mechanical insights into the pathology in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. METHODS Vitreous or subretinal fluids (SRF) were obtained from patients with RRD (n=75), macular hole (MH; n=20), and epiretinal membrane (ERM; n=35) during vitrectomy. ATP levels in those samples were measured by luciferase assay. RESULTS Mean ATP levels in the vitreous from RRD patients were significantly higher compared to those from MH and ERM patients (2.3 and 0.3 nM, respectively. P<0.01). Mean ATP levels in the SRF from RRD (11.7 nM) were higher than those in the vitreous from RRD (P<0.01). Mean ATP levels in the vitreous with short durations (1-8 days) of RRD were higher compared to those with long durations (>8 days) (3.2 and 1.4 nM, respectively. P<0.05). Similarly, ATP in SRF with short durations were higher than those with long durations (23.8 and 3.6 nM, respectively. P<0.05). Furthermore, the concentrations of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1), a major ATP degradative enzyme, in the vitreous from RRD were higher than those from MH/ERM (1.2 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. P<0.01). ENTPD1 expression was localized in the cytoplasm of CD11b-positive infiltrating cells in the vitreous and retinal cells. CONCLUSION ATP increased in the vitreous and SRF in RRD and decreased over time with an upregulation of ENTPD1. The kinetics indicate the pathological mechanism of the excessive extracellular ATP after RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tachibana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Ohshima Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Funatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunji Nakatake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyouin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan.
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Melo IM, Zhou TE, Nagel F, Patil NS, Faleel FA, Popovic M, Muni RH. Histological changes in retinal detachment: A systematic review for the clinician. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:85-92. [PMID: 37652188 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been numerous innovations in the management of retinal detachment (RD) over the past decades, there is still limited understanding of the pathophysiological processes that take place before and after repair. Summarizing key concepts using animal studies may allow for a better assessment of common pre- and postoperative microstructural abnormalities in RD. We performed a systematic literature review on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials from January 1968 to January 2022, searching animal or human studies reporting retinal histologic changes following primary or induced RD. Thirty-two studies were included. Main cellular events were summarized: photoceptor apoptosis occurs as early as 12 hours after RD and, although most cells survive, there is extensive remodeling. Outer segments progressively degenerate, while inner segments are reorganized. Rod and cone opsins are redistributed, and rod axons retract while cones undergo changes in shape. Second- and third-order neurons rearrange their dendritic processes, and Müller cells become hypertrophic, growing into the subretinal space. Finally, retinal pigment epithelium cells undergo a change in their morphology. Acknowledging critical morphologic changes following RD is crucial in understanding why anatomical and functional outcomes can vary. Insights from histological studies, together with high-resolution imaging, may be key in identifying novel biomarkers in RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Martins Melo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianwei Ellen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavia Nagel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil S Patil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marko Popovic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kensington Vision and Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Subramanya S, Fernando R, Goswami M, Besirli CG, Weh E, Wubben TJ. Flow cytometric method for the detection and quantification of retinal cell death and oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109563. [PMID: 37393050 PMCID: PMC10794879 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal cell death is the major cause of vision loss in many forms of blinding retinal disease. A plethora of research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of retinal cell death to identify potential neuroprotective strategies that prevent vision loss in these diseases. Traditionally, histological techniques have been used to determine the type and extent of cell death in the retina. These techniques, such as TUNEL labeling and immunohistochemistry, are laborious and time consuming, resulting in low throughput and variable results depending on the experimenter. To increase throughput and reduce variability, we developed several flow cytometry-based assays to detect and quantify retinal cell death. The methods and accompanying data presented demonstrate that flow cytometry can readily detect both retinal cell death and oxidative stress and importantly, the efficacy of neuroprotective agents. These methods will be of interest to investigators looking to increase throughput and efficiency without compromising sensitivity as the methods herein reduce analysis time from several months to less than a week. As such, the flow cytometry methods presented have the potential to expedite research efforts focused on developing novel strategies for retinal cell neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Subramanya
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Roshini Fernando
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Moloy Goswami
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Eric Weh
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Thomas J Wubben
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Wubben TJ, Chaudhury S, Watch BT, Stuckey JA, Weh E, Fernando R, Goswami M, Pawar M, Rech JC, Besirli CG. Development of Novel Small-Molecule Activators of Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isozyme 2, PKM2, to Reduce Photoreceptor Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050705. [PMID: 37242488 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options are lacking to prevent photoreceptor death and subsequent vision loss. Previously, we demonstrated that reprogramming metabolism via the pharmacologic activation of PKM2 is a novel photoreceptor neuroprotective strategy. However, the features of the tool compound used in those studies, ML-265, preclude its advancement as an intraocular, clinical candidate. This study sought to develop the next generation of small-molecule PKM2 activators, aimed specifically for delivery into the eye. Compounds were developed that replaced the thienopyrrolopyridazinone core of ML-265 and modified the aniline and methyl sulfoxide functional groups. Compound 2 demonstrated that structural changes to the ML-265 scaffold are tolerated from a potency and efficacy standpoint, allow for a similar binding mode to the target, and circumvent apoptosis in models of outer retinal stress. To overcome the low solubility and problematic functional groups of ML-265, compound 2's efficacious and versatile core structure for the incorporation of diverse functional groups was then utilized to develop novel PKM2 activators with improved solubility, lack of structural alerts, and retained potency. No other molecules are in the pharmaceutical pipeline for the metabolic reprogramming of photoreceptors. Thus, this study is the first to cultivate the next generation of novel, structurally diverse, small-molecule PKM2 activators for delivery into the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Wubben
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sraboni Chaudhury
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Brennan T Watch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Moloy Goswami
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Mercy Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jason C Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Huang P, Thomas CC, Ambati K, Dholkawala R, Nagasaka A, Yerramothu P, Narendran S, Pereira F, Nagasaka Y, Apicella I, Cai X, Makin RD, Magagnoli J, Stains CI, Yin R, Wang SB, Gelfand BD, Ambati J. Kamuvudine-9 Protects Retinal Structure and Function in a Novel Model of Experimental Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:3. [PMID: 37129905 PMCID: PMC10158986 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a vision-threatening event that benefits from surgical intervention. While awaiting surgical reattachment, irreversible hypoxic and inflammatory damage to the retina often occurs. An interim therapy protecting photoreceptors could improve functional outcomes. We sought to determine whether Kamuvudine-9 (K-9), a derivative of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that inhibits inflammasome activation, and the NRTIs lamivudine (3TC) and azidothymidine (AZT) could protect the retina following RRD. Methods RRD was induced in mice via subretinal injection (SRI) of 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). To simulate outcomes following the clinical management of RRD, we determined the optimal conditions by which SRI of CMC induced spontaneous retinal reattachment (SRR) occurs over 10 days (RRD/SRR). K-9, 3TC, or AZT was administered via intraperitoneal injection. Inflammasome activation pathways were monitored by abundance of cleaved caspase-1, IL-18, and cleaved caspase-8, and photoreceptor death was assessed by TUNEL staining. Retinal function was assessed by full-field scotopic electroretinography. Results RRD induced retinal inflammasome activation and photoreceptor death in mice. Systemic administration of K-9, 3TC, or AZT inhibited retinal inflammasome activation and photoreceptor death. In the RRD/SRR model, K-9 protected retinal electrical function during the time of RRD and induced an improvement following retinal reattachment. Conclusions K-9 and NRTIs exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities in experimental RRD. Given its capacity to protect photoreceptor function during the period of RRD and enhance retinal function following reattachment, K-9 shows promise as a retinal neuroprotectant and warrants study in RRD. Further, this novel RRD/SRR model may facilitate experimental evaluation of functional outcomes relevant to RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Huang
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Claire C. Thomas
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Kameshwari Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Roshni Dholkawala
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Ayami Nagasaka
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Praveen Yerramothu
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Siddharth Narendran
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Felipe Pereira
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yosuke Nagasaka
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Ivana Apicella
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Ryan D. Makin
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Joseph Magagnoli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Cliff I. Stains
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Virginia Drug Discovery Consortium, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Ruwen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Shao-bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Bradley D. Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Arndt C, Hubault B, Hayate F, Barbe C, Afriat M, Gillery P, Ramont L, Henry A, Boulagnon-Rombi C. Increased intravitreal glucose in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:638-643. [PMID: 35273350 PMCID: PMC9998851 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered glucose metabolism, along with low-grade inflammation, has been proposed to be involved in retinal detachment (RD)-induced cone loss. Here, we assessed intravitreal glucose and cytological profile in patients with macula-off RD. METHODS Glucose concentration was analysed in vitreous samples from 137 non-diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy for either primary macula-off RD (n = 73) or epiretinal membrane (ERM; n = 64). Cellularity was assessed in vitreous cytospin preparations by a semi-quantitative immunostaining approach. RESULTS Intravitreal glucose concentration was higher in the RD group (2.28 mmol.L-1 n =73 vs 1.6 mmol.L-1 n = 64; p < 0.0001). Overall cellularity and density of macrophages were significantly higher in the vitreous of RD patients (respectively p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). Among the RD patients, intravitreal glucose concentration correlated with macrophages density (p = 0.002): its levels remained significantly higher in eyes in which macrophages were innumerable compared to lower macrophages densities RD eyes (p = 0.0095). CONCLUSIONS We observed a strong relationship between intravitreal glucose concentration and vitreous macrophage density. Additional indicators for vitreous glycation and low-grade inflammation should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Arndt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.
| | - Béatrice Hubault
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Fabien Hayate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Department of Clinical Research, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Mickaël Afriat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Research Unit CNRS UMR n°7369 MEDyC, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Research Unit CNRS UMR n°7369 MEDyC, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Adrien Henry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Research Unit CNRS UMR n°7369 MEDyC, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Research Unit CNRS UMR n°7369 MEDyC, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Reims, France
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Chidlow G, Chan WO, Wood JPM, Casson RJ. Investigations into photoreceptor energy metabolism during experimental retinal detachment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1036834. [PMID: 36467607 PMCID: PMC9716104 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1036834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal detachment is a sight-threatening disorder, which occurs when the photoreceptors are separated from their vascular supply. The aim of the present study was to shed light on photoreceptor energy metabolism during experimental detachment in rats. Retinal detachment was induced in the eyes of rats via subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate. Initially, we investigated whether detachment caused hypoxia within photoreceptors, as evaluated by the exogenous and endogenous biomarkers pimonidazole and HIF-1α, as well as by qPCR analysis of HIF target genes. The results showed no unequivocal staining for pimonidazole or HIF-1α within any detached retina, nor upregulation of HIF target genes, suggesting that any reduction in pO2 is of insufficient magnitude to produce hypoxia-induced covalent protein adducts or HIF-1α stabilisation. Subsequently, we analysed expression of cellular bioenergetic enzymes in photoreceptors during detachment. We documented loss of mitochondrial, and downregulation of glycolytic enzymes during detachment, indicating that photoreceptors have reduced energetic requirements and/or capacity. Given that detachment did not cause widespread hypoxia, but did result in downregulated expression of bioenergetic enzymes, we hypothesised that substrate insufficiency may be critical in terms of pathogenesis, and that boosting metabolic inputs may preserve photoreceptor bioenergetic production and, protect against their degeneration. Thus, we tested whether supplementation with the bioavailable energy substrate pyruvate mitigated rod and cone injury and degeneration. Despite protecting photoreceptors in culture from nutrient deprivation, pyruvate failed to protect against apoptotic death of rods, loss of cone opsins, and loss of inner segment mitochondria, in situ, when evaluated at 3 days after detachment. The regimen was also ineffective against cumulative photoreceptor deconstruction and degeneration when evaluated after 4 weeks. Retinal metabolism, particularly the bioenergetic profiles and pathological responses of the various cellular subtypes still presents a considerable knowledge gap that has important clinical consequences. While our data do not support the use of pyruvate supplementation as a means of protecting detached photoreceptors, they do provide a foundation and motivation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Chidlow
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Dursun E, Dursun GA. The quantitative evaluation of retinal layers after resolution of subretinal fluid in acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:11206721221136989. [PMID: 36325684 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221136989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the average retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with unilateral acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) (with subretinal fluid (SRF)) and after complete resolution of SRF in these eyes and to compare the results with those obtained in healthy eyes. METHODS Fifty-four eyes of 27 patients with unilateral acute CSC (CSC in active phase) who had complete resolution of SRF and 25 eyes of 25 healthy control subjects enrolled in this retrospective study. The average thicknesses of the retinal layers were measured by segmentation analysis of optical coherence tomography at baseline and 6 months after complete resolution of SRF. RESULTS The mean outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was significantly lower in eyes with CSC than in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). The mean ONL thickness was increased after resolution of SRF, but still low compared to unaffected fellow eye and the increment was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There were significant strong inverse correlations between visual acuity and ONL thicknesses at baseline and 6 months after complete resolution of SRF (p < 0.001, r = - 0.810; p < 0.001, r = - 0.705, respectively). CONCLUSION ONL thickness was thinned in cases with acute CSC, and although there was some increment in ONL thickness 6 months after complete resolution of SRF, it was still thinner compared to unaffected fellow eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Dursun
- Ophthalmology Department, Kırıkkale High Speciliazation Hospital, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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9
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Yu J, Ye X, Li L, Jiang C, Chang Q, Xu G. Threshold thickness of foveal outer nuclear layer associated with outcomes of photodynamic therapy in central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:1884-1889. [PMID: 34480115 PMCID: PMC9500008 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the threshold thickness of the foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) associated with favourable visual outcome after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS The CSC patients were divided into two groups according to whether their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 year after half-dose PDT was 20/20 or worse than 20/20. Three multivariable logistic regression models were respectively created to determine the prognostic value of the pre-PDT foveal ONL thickness, the pre- and the post-PDT foveal ONL thickness ratio, which was defined as the foveal ONL thickness in the CSC eye to that in the normal contralateral eye, for predicting the outcome of half-dose PDT. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were compared and the best cut-off values were determined, respectively. RESULTS Totally, 134 patients were included. The pre-PDT foveal ONL thickness, the pre-PDT and the post-PDT foveal ONL thickness ratios were all independent predictors of the outcome after half-dose PDT in their respective model (all P < 0.05). The AUC of the post-PDT foveal ONL thickness ratio was significantly higher than the AUCs of the other two parameters (0.940 vs 0.840 and 0.882, DeLong test: both P < 0.05), with the cut-off value of 0.81. CONCLUSIONS The threshold of the foveal ONL thickness ratio is 0.81. Active CSC eyes with a foveal ONL thickness ratio of 0.81 or more could probably retain BCVA of 20/20 after half-dose PDT. They were considered reasonable to wait for spontaneous resolution of sub-retinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kamperi N, Kanara I, Kodukula K, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Tamvakopoulos C, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Chen X. Treatment and prevention of pathological mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal degeneration and in photoreceptor injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115168. [PMID: 35835206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathological deterioration of mitochondrial function is increasingly linked with multiple degenerative illnesses as a mediator of a wide range of neurologic and age-related chronic diseases, including those of genetic origin. Several of these diseases are rare, typically defined in the United States as an illness affecting fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S. population, or about one in 1600 individuals. Vision impairment due to mitochondrial dysfunction in the eye is a prominent feature evident in numerous primary mitochondrial diseases and is common to the pathophysiology of many of the familiar ophthalmic disorders, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity - a collection of syndromes, diseases and disorders with significant unmet medical needs. Focusing on metabolic mitochondrial pathway mechanisms, including the possible roles of cuproptosis and ferroptosis in retinal mitochondrial dysfunction, we shed light on the potential of α-lipoyl-L-carnitine in treating eye diseases. α-Lipoyl-L-carnitine is a bioavailable mitochondria-targeting lipoic acid prodrug that has shown potential in protecting against retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell loss in ophthalmic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Kamperi
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Anastasios N Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Whitney R Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Zamboni
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Lee J, Seo EJ, Yoon YH. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment induces more severe macular capillary changes than central serous chorioretinopathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7018. [PMID: 35488123 PMCID: PMC9054837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate hemodynamic changes in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its impact on visual prognosis by comparing with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was retrospectively compared with that in contralateral unaffected eyes in macula-off RRD and CSC eyes. In RRD eyes, pre- and postoperative ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) were obtained to analyze vascular changes. In OCTA, both macula-off RRD and CSC eyes showed less density in macular DCP, compared to the unaffected fellow eyes. Compared to CSC, eyes affected by macula-off RRD showed a reduction in DCP vascular density and an increase in foveal avascular zone area, although it had a much shorter macular detachment period. In macula-off RRD, less density of DCP was strongly correlated with longer duration of detachment, greater ellipsoid zone disruption, and poor visual recovery. In UWF-FA, detached retina showed capillary hypoperfusion, venous stasis and leakage, which were improved after reattachment. In conclusion, macular capillary loss of flow, which was associated with photoreceptor disruption, correlated with duration of detachment in RRD. Early reattachment and reperfusion are required for minimizing macular vasculature and photoreceptor damage in macula-off RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeop Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eoi Jong Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University, 776 Sunhwan-1-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
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12
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Elghawy O, Duong R, Nigussie A, Bogaard JD, Patrie J, Shildkrot Y. Effect of surgical timing in 23-g pars plana vitrectomy for primary repair of macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:136. [PMID: 35337296 PMCID: PMC8957134 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a common, potentially blinding ocular pathology that is considered a surgical emergency. Macular involvement has been identified as a major negative prognostic indicator for visual recovery after RRD correction. It is not currently clear whether early intervention improves visual outcomes, and in practice, there are potential disadvantages to performing early surgery for fovea-involving RRD. Such disadvantages include inadequate assessment of coexisting comorbidities, increased rate of complications related to poorly trained staff or tired surgeons, and anesthetic risk. Methods A single-center, retrospective, cohort study of patients who underwent repair of macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at the University of Virginia was performed. Variables collected included patient demographics, ocular history, clinical characteristics, and post-operative complications. Patients were excluded if they had a history of congenital or acquired pathology with an effect on visual function, bilateral or repeat rhegmatogenous detachment, age less than 18 years, follow up duration less than 6 months, or if they were repaired using scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, 25- or 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, or any combination of these techniques. A multivariate regression model was used to compare overall outcomes such as post-operative visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure, retina attachment status, and complications among patients of differing timing of surgical repair. These analyses were adjusted for clinical factors known or considered to be associated with worse prognosis in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Results A total of 104 patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for repair of macula involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were included in this study with mean follow up period 17.9 ± 14.1 months. Early surgical repair (< 48 h) was pursued in 26 patients, moderately delayed surgical repair (3–7 days), was performed in 29 patients and late surgical repair (> 7 days) in 49 patients. Our analysis showed no difference in post-operative visual acuity between patients with detachments undergoing early versus moderately delayed repair of RRD. However, mean visual acuity differed between patients undergoing early versus late repair at 3, 6, and 12 months. No significant difference was observed in post-operative complications between the three surgical timepoints including cataract formation, development of glaucoma and re-detachment rate. Use of 360 laser was found to be protective against re-detachment overall (OR 6.70 95% CI 1.93–23.2). Conclusions These findings indicate that a moderate delay of 3–7 days from symptom onset for repair of macula-involving retinal detachment may be a safe approach as there are no differences in terms of visual acuity or post-operative complications compared to early repair within 48 h. Delaying surgery for > 7 days however is not recommended due to the loss of recovery of visual acuity observed in this study. Use of 360 laser may prevent risk of re-detachment after primary repair. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02364-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elghawy
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Duong
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Amen Nigussie
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph D Bogaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Shildkrot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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13
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Deng K, Gui Y, Cai Y, Liang Z, Shi X, Sun Y, Zhao M. Changes in the Foveal Outer Nuclear Layer of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Patients Over the Disease Course and Their Response to Photodynamic Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:824239. [PMID: 35096914 PMCID: PMC8795370 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.824239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and the natural course of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), as well as the thickness change after photodynamic therapy (PDT), exploring the PDT timing for CSC. Methods: This retrospective consecutive case series included 358 CSC patients between January 2014 and December 2019. All patients were divided into four groups depending on disease duration: Group A: ≤1 month; Group B: >1 and ≤3 months; Group C: >3 and≤6 months and Group D: >6 months. Foveal ONL thickness of the CSC eye and the clinically healthy fellow eye were measured and compared in all patients. Fifty-six patients were successfully treated with half-dose of PDT, showing complete subretinal fluid absorption, were followed up for more than 6 months and further investigated. The recovery of foveal ONL thickness was analyzed in the affected eyes of patients with different disease duration. Results: No significant reduction was found in CSC foveal ONL thickness (μm) compared to the fellow eye in patients with disease duration less than 1 week (112.3 ± 12.2 vs. 116.7 ± 15.3, P = 0.268). Patients with longer disease duration had varying degrees of ONL thinning compared to the contralateral eye (all P < 0.05) and this difference was more pronounced in patients with disease duration greater than 6 months (75.8 ± 12.9 vs. 113.0 ± 11.5, P < 0.001). At 6-month follow-up after PDT, foveal ONL thickness of patients with <1 month disease duration recovered significantly from onset (97.3 ± 18.2 to 113.6 ± 8.7, P < 0.001) and became similar to that of the healthy fellow eye. Foveal ONL thickness of patients with duration>1 and≤3 months recovered significantly (88.5 ± 11.5 to 95.8 ± 11.3, P = 0.012) but remained thinner than that of the healthy fellow eye. Foveal ONL thickness did not improve significantly in cases with disease duration longer than 3 months (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Foveal ONL thinning was positively associated with disease duration prior to treatment suggesting that longer disease duration limits scope for foveal ONL recovery. CSC patients should be treated with PDT as soon as possible to prevent disease development and reduced visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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14
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Assessment of Vascular Changes in Patients after Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery Due to Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215054. [PMID: 34768574 PMCID: PMC8584379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the retinal capillary plexuses in patients after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), which is used for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this study, we included the results of 114 patients who underwent PPV after total retinal detachment (RRD; retinal detachment group). It should be kept in mind that to qualify for the study group, there was a condition that retinal detachment be only present in one eye, allowing the fellow healthy eye to be used for the control group, and the study, therefore, did not include cases where retinal detachment occurred binocularly. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-A images were taken at 9 ± 2 months (median 10 months) after the surgery, with the study conducted in the years 2017–2019. OCT was used to examine the external limiting membrane (ELM), central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), while OCT-angiography (OCT-A) was used to examine the extent of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the deep and superficial capillary plexuses. Changes in the FAZ area of the superficial plexus (SCP) between the study and control groups were analyzed over 346 ± 50 days. In our study, we observed changes in the FAZ area between the RRD and control groups in the SCP (203.65 ± 31.69 μm2 vs. 215.30 ± 35.82 μm2; p = 0.28733) and DCP (284.79 ± 35.82 µm2 vs. 336.84 ± 32.23 µm2; p = 0.00924). Changes in the RNFL thickness between the study and control groups over 346 ± 50 days were as follows: 90.15 μm vs. 82.44 μm; p = 0.19773. Disruption of the external limiting membrane was observed in 78.95% (90 eyes) of the study group. In the control group, it was undamaged, and no integrity disorder was observed. In the RRD, changes occurred in the FAZ of both the SCP and the DCP, which reduced the extent of this zone, an effect that was more pronounced in DCPs. A better understanding of the anatomical and hemodynamic changes taking place in the retina after macula-off RRD might be helpful in answering the question as to why BCVA in these cases is “only” or “as much as” from 0.4 to 0.1, namely, that it might be related to changes in the neurosensory retina after macular peeling.
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15
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Chidlow G, Chan WO, Wood JPM, Casson RJ. Differential Effects of Experimental Retinal Detachment on S- and M/L-Cones in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:117-136. [PMID: 34633652 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinal detachment is a vision-threatening condition, which occurs when the neurosensory retina is separated from its blood supply. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of experimental retinal detachment in rats on cone photoreceptors. Retinal detachment was induced in the eyes of rats via subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate. Experimental detachment caused a rapid, sustained loss of short (S)- and medium/long (M/L)-wavelength cone opsins. Importantly, S-opsin+ cones were affected earlier than M/L-opsin+ cones and were affected to a greater extent than M/L-opsin+ cones throughout the duration of detachment. In comparison, to cone opsins, reductions in other cone markers-peanut agglutinin PNA and cone arrestin-were substantially less marked. These data suggest that loss of cone opsins does not reflect cone degeneration and may rather indicate prolonged downregulation of specific proteins in affected cones. This conclusion is supported by the lack of TUNEL+- cone arrestin+ double-labelled cells at the time point of greatest rod photoreceptor cell death, together with the partial recovery of cone arrestin+ cell numbers over time. Analysis of retinas that had naturally re-attached reinforced the deduction that few cones die following detachment, but also highlighted that prolonged detachment leads to deconstruction of cone segments that may not be readily reversible. Survival and functional recovery of cones following surgery for retinal detachment is vital for successful recovery of vision. The data suggest that experimental detachment in rats may offer a useful approach to model the response of S-cones to retinal detachment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Chidlow
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Weng Onn Chan
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John P M Wood
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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16
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREOPERATIVE FOVEAL MICROSTRUCTURE AND VISUAL ACUITY IN MACULA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: Imaging Analysis by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Retina 2021; 40:1873-1880. [PMID: 31764614 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To visualize foveal microstructures in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using swept source optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively and to investigate the relationship between foveal microstructures and postoperative visual acuity. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 42 eyes of 42 consecutive patients diagnosed with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent anatomically successful repair surgery and were followed up for 6 months. We used swept source optical coherence tomography to investigate the relationship between preoperative and postoperative continuity of both the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (Ez) and preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS Both preoperative ELM and Ez were continuous in 9 eyes (21%; ELM+/Ez+ eyes), only the ELM was continuous in 25 eyes (60%; ELM+/Ez- eyes), and neither was continuous in 8 eyes (19%; ELM-/Ez- eyes). Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity in ELM+/Ez+ eyes (-0.05 ± 0.04 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units, Snellen equivalent 20/18) was significantly better than that in both ELM+/Ez- (0.16 ± 0.16, 20/29; P = 0.03) and ELM-/Ez- (0.86 ± 0.37, 20/145; P < 0.001) eyes. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in ELM+/Ez- than in ELM-/Ez- eyes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, preoperative continuity of the ELM and Ez may be a predictor of postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.
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17
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Felfeli T, Murtaza F, Abueh B, Mandelcorn MS, Wong DD, Mandelcorn ED. Clinical Significance of Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Preoperative Features on Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2021; 52:S23-S29. [PMID: 34310238 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20210518-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and their association with postoperative outcomes in eyes with primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective case series of all consecutive cases undergoing repair of primary macula-off RRD at two tertiary care academic centers between January 2018 to January 2021. RESULTS Among 406 eyes, baseline visual acuity (β = 0.184, P = .001) and time to surgery (β = 0.009, P = .033) were predictive of postoperative visual acuity at 1-year follow-up after adjusting for age, sex and lens status, as well as presence of preoperative features on OCT such as outer retinal corrugations and height of the retinal detachment. CONCLUSION Baseline visual acuity and time to surgical repair are the best predictors of vision outcomes following macula-off RRD repair. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:S23-S29.].
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18
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Zhang ZY, Sun YJ, Song JY, Fan B, Li GY. Experimental models and examination methods of retinal detachment. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:51-62. [PMID: 33434623 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retinal neuroepithelium and pigment epithelium, usually involving the death of photoreceptor cells. Severe detachment may lead to permanent visual impairment if not treated properly and promptly. According to the underlying causes, retinal detachment falls into one of three categories: exudative retinal detachment, traction detachment, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Like many other diseases, it is difficult to study the pathophysiology of retinal detachment directly in humans, because the human retinal tissues are precious, scarce and non-regenerative; thus, establishing experimental models that better mimic the disease is necessary. In this review, we summarize the existing models of the three categories of retinal detachment both in vivo and in vitro, along with an overview of their examination methods and the major strengths and weaknesses of each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Second Hosp Jilin Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 218 Zi Qiang St, Changchun, 130041, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Second Hosp Jilin Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 218 Zi Qiang St, Changchun, 130041, PR China.
| | - Jing-Yao Song
- Second Hosp Shandong Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 247 Bei Yuan St, Jinan, 250031, PR China.
| | - Bin Fan
- Second Hosp Jilin Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 218 Zi Qiang St, Changchun, 130041, PR China.
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Second Hosp Jilin Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, 218 Zi Qiang St, Changchun, 130041, PR China.
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19
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Potic J, Mbefo M, Berger A, Nicolas M, Wanner D, Kostic C, Matet A, Behar-Cohen F, Moulin A, Arsenijevic Y. An in vitro Model of Human Retinal Detachment Reveals Successive Death Pathway Activations. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:571293. [PMID: 33324144 PMCID: PMC7726250 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.571293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose was to create an in vitro model of human retinal detachment (RD) to study the mechanisms of photoreceptor death. Methods Human retinas were obtained through eye globe donations for research purposes and cultivated as explants. Cell death was investigated in retinas with (control) and without retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to mimic RD. Tissues were studied at different time points and immunohistological analyses for TUNEL, Cleaved caspase3, AIF, CDK4 and the epigenetic mark H3K27me3 were performed. Human and monkey eye globes with retinal detachment served as controls. Results The number of TUNEL-positive cells, compared between 1 and 7 days, increased with time in both retinas with RPE (from 1.2 ± 0.46 to 8 ± 0.89, n = 4) and without RPE (from 2.6 ± 0.73 to 16.3 ± 1.27, p < 0.014). In the group without RPE, cell death peaked at day 3 (p = 0.014) and was high until day 7. Almost no Cleaved-Caspase3 signal was observed, whereas a transient augmentation at day 3 of AIF-positive cells was observed to be about 10-fold in comparison to the control group (n = 2). Few CDK4-positive cells were found in both groups, but significantly more in the RD group at day 7 (1.8 ± 0.24 vs. 4.7 ± 0.58, p = 0.014). The H3K27me3 mark increased by 7-fold after 5 days in the RD group (p = 0.014) and slightly decreased at day 7 and was also observed to be markedly increased in human and monkey detached retina samples. Conclusion AIF expression coincides with the first peak of cell death, whereas the H3K27me3 mark increases during the cell death plateau, suggesting that photoreceptor death is induced by different successive pathways after RD. This in vitro model should permit the identification of neuroprotective drugs with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Potic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martial Mbefo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dana Wanner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.,INSERM U 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Conart JB, Blot G, Augustin S, Millet-Puel G, Roubeix C, Beguier F, Charles-Messance H, Touhami S, Sahel JA, Berrod JP, Léveillard T, Guillonneau X, Delarasse C, Sennlaub F. Insulin inhibits inflammation-induced cone death in retinal detachment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:358. [PMID: 33243251 PMCID: PMC7694924 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) involving the macula is a major cause of visual impairment despite high surgical success rate, mainly because of cone death. RD causes the infiltration of activated immune cells, but it is not clear whether and how infiltrating inflammatory cells contribute to cone cell loss. METHODS Vitreous samples from patients with RD and from control patients with macular hole were analyzed to characterize the inflammatory response to RD. A mouse model of RD and retinal explants culture were then used to explore the mechanisms leading to cone death. RESULTS Analysis of vitreous samples confirms that RD induces a marked inflammatory response with increased cytokine and chemokine expression in humans, which is closely mimicked by experimental murine RD. In this model, we corroborate that myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes contribute to cone loss, as the inhibition of their accumulation by Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) increased cone survival. Using monocyte/retinal co-cultures and TSP1 treatment in RD, we demonstrate that immune cell infiltration downregulates rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF), which physiologically regulates glucose uptake in cones. Insulin and the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone and metformin prevent in part the RD-induced cone loss in vivo, despite the persistence of inflammation CONCLUSION: Our results describe a new mechanism by which inflammation induces cone death in RD, likely through cone starvation due to the downregulation of RdCVF that could be reversed by insulin. Therapeutic inhibition of inflammation and stimulation of glucose availability in cones by insulin signaling might prevent RD-associated cone death until the RD can be surgically repaired and improve visual outcome after RD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03318588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Conart
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, CHRU Nancy, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Augustin
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Millet-Puel
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Roubeix
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Beguier
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Charles-Messance
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sara Touhami
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Berrod
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, CHRU Nancy, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Léveillard
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Guillonneau
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR_S 968, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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21
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CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CHANGES IN PHOTORECEPTOR LAYER AND OTHER CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY. Retina 2020; 39:1110-1116. [PMID: 29401176 PMCID: PMC6553978 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study of 222 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy demonstrates that morphologic changes in photoreceptor layer, visual acuity, decreasing foveal outer nuclear layer thickness, and symptom duration correlated closely but may behave asynchronously. These objective parameters, besides symptom duration, could be helpful when considering the timing of CSC treatment. Purpose: To clarify the correlations between changes in the photoreceptor layer (PRL) and other clinical characteristics during central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods: Patients with central serous chorioretinopathy with one eye affected were enrolled. Photoreceptor layer appearance within the detached area was evaluated, and its correlations with symptom duration, best-corrected visual acuity, and the difference in the foveal outer nuclear layer thickness between the affected and contralateral eyes were analyzed. Results: A total of 222 patients were included. The PRL outer border appeared either smooth, granulated, or as scattered dots attached to external limiting membrane. These different appearances were associated with elongation in symptom duration (18, 180, and 1,855 days), decreases in best-corrected visual acuity (6/10, 6/15, and 6/120), and increases in the difference of foveal outer nuclear layer thickness (−16, −32, and −60 μm). Among eyes with smooth PRL outer border, which had similar symptom duration, eyes with foveal PRL defect had poorer best-corrected visual acuity and greater reduction in outer nuclear layer thickness than the other eyes (all P = 0.00). Conclusion: Morphologic changes in PRL, best-corrected visual acuity, the reduction in foveal outer nuclear layer thickness, and symptom duration correlate closely but may behave asynchronously. These objective parameters, besides symptom duration, could be helpful when considering the timing of central serous chorioretinopathy treatment.
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22
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Blockade of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Protects Photoreceptors after Retinal Detachment by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7649080. [PMID: 32714489 PMCID: PMC7354651 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7649080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling is neuroprotective in some retinal damage models, but its role in neuronal survival during retinal detachment (RD) is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that A2AR antagonist ZM241385 would prevent photoreceptor apoptosis by inhibiting retinal inflammation and oxidative stress after RD. Methods The A2AR antagonist ZM241385 was delivered daily to C57BL/6J mice for three days at a dose (3 mg/kg, i.p.) starting 2 hours prior to creating RD. A2AR expression, microglia proliferation and reactivity, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) accumulation, IL-1β expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated with immunofluorescence. Photoreceptor TUNEL was analyzed. Results A2AR expression obviously increased and accumulated in microglia and Müller cells in the retinas after RD. The A2AR antagonist ZM241385 effectively inhibited retinal microglia proliferation and reactivity, decreased GFAP upregulation and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β expression of Müller cells, and suppressed ROS overproduction, resulting in attenuation of photoreceptor apoptosis after RD. Conclusions The A2AR antagonist ZM241385 is an effective suppressor of microglia proliferation and reactivity, gliosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and photoreceptor apoptosis in a mouse model of RD. This suggests that A2AR blockade may be an important therapeutic strategy to protect photoreceptors in RD and other CNS diseases that share a common etiology.
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23
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Yu J, Ye X, Li L, Chang Q, Jiang C. Relationship between photoreceptor layer changes before half-dose photodynamic therapy and functional and anatomic outcomes in central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:1002-1010. [PMID: 32546748 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between photoreceptor layer (PRL) changes before half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) and functional and anatomic outcomes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Baseline PRL changes were classified based on optical coherence tomography: (1) smooth PRL outer border without a foveal PRL defect; (2) smooth PRL outer border with a foveal PRL defect; (3) granulated PRL outer border and (4) scattered dots of PRL. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), difference in the foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness between the CSC and normal contralateral eyes and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity 12 months after half-dose PDT were compared. RESULTS In total, 132 patients were included. Group 4 eyes had rather poor BCVA (20/2000-20/400) with little improvement (P = 0.088) at 1 year following half-dose PDT. In the other groups, the mean BCVA improved significantly to 20/25 or better (all P < 0.001). Group 1 eyes had the smallest foveal ONL thickness reduction (-5.12 ± 6.89 μm) and intact EZs (33/33), whereas Group 4 eyes had the largest foveal ONL thickness reduction (-70.00 ± 7.87 μm) and disrupted EZs (4/4). Group 2 and Group 3 eyes behaved similarly: they both had notable foveal ONL thickness reductions (-19.21 ± 18.53 and -20.75 ± 17.62 μm, respectively), but usually continuous EZs (18/19 and 69/76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The PRL change category before half-dose PDT was closely related to functional and anatomic outcomes. This information could aid clinicians to better determine the timing of treatment with half-dose PDT in CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Weh E, Lutrzykowska Z, Smith A, Hager H, Pawar M, Wubben TJ, Besirli CG. Hexokinase 2 is dispensable for photoreceptor development but is required for survival during aging and outer retinal stress. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:422. [PMID: 32499533 PMCID: PMC7272456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal degenerative conditions. Identifying novel therapeutic avenues for prolonging photoreceptor health and function has the potential to improve vision and quality of life for patients suffering from degenerative retinal disorders. Photoreceptors are metabolically unique among other neurons in that they process the majority of their glucose via aerobic glycolysis. One of the main regulators of aerobic glycolysis is hexokinase 2 (HK2). Beyond its enzymatic function of phosphorylating glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, HK2 has additional non-enzymatic roles, including the regulation of apoptotic signaling via AKT signaling. Determining the role of HK2 in photoreceptor homeostasis may identify novel signaling pathways that can be targeted with neuroprotective agents to boost photoreceptor survival during metabolic stress. Here we show that following experimental retinal detachment, p-AKT is upregulated and HK2 translocates to mitochondria. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in 661W photoreceptor-like cells results in translocation of mitochondrial HK2 to the cytoplasm, increased caspase activity, and decreased cell viability. Rod-photoreceptors lacking HK2 upregulate HK1 and appear to develop normally. Interestingly, we found that HK2-deficient photoreceptors are more susceptible to acute nutrient deprivation in the experimental retinal detachment model. Additionally, HK2 appears to be important for preserving photoreceptors during aging. We show that retinal glucose metabolism is largely unchanged after HK2 deletion, suggesting that the non-enzymatic role of HK2 is important for maintaining photoreceptor health. These results suggest that HK2 expression is critical for preserving photoreceptors during acute nutrient stress and aging. More specifically, p-AKT mediated translocation of HK2 to the mitochondrial surface may be critical for protecting photoreceptors from acute and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Weh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US
| | | | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US
| | - Heather Hager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US
| | - Mercy Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US
| | - Thomas J Wubben
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, US.
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25
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Inter- and Intra-individual Variations in Foveal Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness and Their Associations with Clinical Characteristics in a Healthy Chinese Population. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:7967393. [PMID: 32566269 PMCID: PMC7267860 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7967393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and the difference thereof between bilateral eyes and their possible associations with clinical characteristics in a healthy Chinese population. Materials and Methods Normal subjects were enrolled. Generalized linear models were used to assess the associations of foveal ONL thickness with sex, age, and spherical equivalents (SEs) and the associations of the difference in foveal ONL thickness between bilateral eyes with sex, age, and difference in SEs between bilateral eyes. Results Totally, 304 subjects were included. The average foveal ONL thickness was 103.19 ± 14.25 (range 70-151) μm in the right eye and 103.90 ± 14.63 (range 69-155) μm in the left eye. The mean difference in foveal ONL thickness between right and left eyes was -0.71 ± 4.36 (range -13 to +12) μm. Men had slightly greater foveal ONL thickness values in both right and left eyes compared with women (both P < 0.05); however, some women had a thicker foveal ONL than that of men (85/198 vs. 46/106 in the right eye; 79/198 vs. 52/106in the left eye). Age and SEs were not associated with foveal ONL thickness in either eye (all P > 0.05). Sex, age, and difference in SEs between bilateral eyes were not associated with the difference in foveal ONL thickness between bilateral eyes (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Foveal ONL thickness showed wide variation in a normal Chinese population but little difference between bilateral eyes. Both these parameters could not be adjusted by sex, age, SEs, or the SEs difference between bilateral eyes. Thus, in those diseases involving only one eye, the difference or ratio of foveal ONL thickness between the affected eye and normal fellow eye may reflect the actual degree of the disease, rather than the foveal ONL thickness in the affected eye alone.
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26
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ELONGATED PHOTORECEPTOR OUTER SEGMENT LENGTH AND PROGNOSIS OF CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY. Retina 2020; 40:750-757. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Effect of Timing on Visual Outcomes in Fovea-Involving Retinal Detachments Verified by SD-OCT. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:2307935. [PMID: 32148936 PMCID: PMC7057004 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2307935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of surgical delay after the objectivation of the foveal status by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on visual outcomes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with foveal involvement. Methods A retrospective dataset analysis of 508 eyes of 504 consecutive patients with primary RRD was performed. The primary outcome measure was the best-corrected visual acuity as a function of time between the assessment of the foveal status with SD-OCT upon initial examination at the department and RRD repair. Results In total, 188 eyes (37.0%) had a complete foveal detachment and 31 (6.1%) eyes had a bisected fovea by the retinal detachment. A hundred eyes with total foveal detachment received surgery within 24 h and 65 eyes between 24 h and 72 h. Visual outcomes for eyes with detached fovea were significantly better when treated within 24 h (0.47 ± 0.39) compared with those treated between 24 h and 72 h (0.84 ± 0.66; p=0.01) after objectivation of the foveal status with SD-OCT. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 174 (92.6%) eyes and scleral buckling surgery in 14 (7.4%) eyes with complete foveal involvement of RRD. Conclusions Our findings suggest improved visual outcomes for patients receiving surgery within 24 h after a definitive diagnosis of fovea-involving RRD compared to surgical interventions that were further delayed.
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Wubben TJ, Pawar M, Weh E, Smith A, Sajjakulnukit P, Zhang L, Dai L, Hager H, Pai MP, Lyssiotis CA, Besirli CG. Small molecule activation of metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2, PKM2, circumvents photoreceptor apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2990. [PMID: 32076076 PMCID: PMC7031539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and there is an unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival. Similar to cancer cells, photoreceptors maintain pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) expression, which is a critical regulator in aerobic glycolysis. Unlike PKM1, which has constitutively high catalytic activity, PKM2 is under complex regulation. Recently, we demonstrated that genetically reprogramming photoreceptor metabolism via PKM2-to-PKM1 substitution is a promising neuroprotective strategy. Here, we explored the neuroprotective effects of pharmacologically activating PKM2 via ML-265, a small molecule activator of PKM2, during acute outer retinal stress. We found that ML-265 increased PKM2 activity in 661 W cells and in vivo in rat eyes without affecting the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. ML-265 treatment did, however, alter metabolic intermediates of glucose metabolism and those necessary for biosynthesis in cultured cells. Long-term exposure to ML-265 did not result in decreased photoreceptor function or survival under baseline conditions. Notably, though, ML-265-treatment did reduce entrance into the apoptotic cascade in in vitro and in vivo models of outer retinal stress. These data suggest that reprogramming metabolism via activation of PKM2 is a novel, and promising, therapeutic strategy for photoreceptor neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Wubben
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mercy Pawar
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Eric Weh
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- University of Michigan Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Metabolomics Core, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lipeng Dai
- University of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Heather Hager
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Rosenberg Y, Doniger T, Harii S, Sinniger F, Levy O. Demystifying Circalunar and Diel Rhythmicity in Acropora digitifera under Constant Dim Light. iScience 2019; 22:477-488. [PMID: 31835172 PMCID: PMC6926284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Life on earth has evolved under constant environmental changes; in response to these changes, most organisms have developed an endogenous clock that allows them to anticipate daily and seasonal changes and adapt their biology accordingly. Light cycles synchronize biological rhythms and are controlled by an endogenous clock that is entrained by environmental cues. Light is known to play a key role in the biology of symbiotic corals as they exhibit many biological processes entrained by daily light patterns. In this study, we aimed at determining the effect of constant dim light on coral's perception of diel and monthly cycles. Our results show that under constant dim light corals display a loss of rhythmic processes and constant stimuli by light, which initiates signal transduction that results in an abnormal cell cycle, cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. The results emphasize how constant dim light can mask the biological clock of Acropora digitifera. Light entrains many biological processes governed by the endogenous clock Constant dim light overrides the biological clock of A. digitifera corals Artificial light impacts the processes that allow corals to thrive in our oceans The increase of artificial light in coastal areas is a growing threat to coral reefs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Rosenberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Tirza Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Saki Harii
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Frederic Sinniger
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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30
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The relationship between foveal outer nuclear layer thickness in the active and resolved phases of central serous chorioretinopathy treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:84. [PMID: 30922273 PMCID: PMC6440016 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between the foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in the active and resolved phases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and its possible association with optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters. Methods The medical records of CSC patients treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) between August 2011 and October 2017 were reviewed. The difference between the foveal ONL thickness at 12 m after half-dose PDT and that before half-dose PDT was analyzed, and its association with OCT parameters was assessed using generalized linear models. Results Sixty-two patients were included. The mean difference in foveal ONL thickness was 9.15 ± 8.16 μm. The average ratios of the retinal detachment height to the subretinal space width on horizontal and vertical scans were 0.10 ± 0.04 and 0.12 ± 0.04, respectively. The ratio was independently associated with the degree of increase in the foveal ONL thickness difference on both the horizontal scans (β = 103.684, P = .000) and vertical scans (β = 67.569, P = .000), even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions The majority of resolved CSC eyes showed some increase in foveal ONL thickness, and the degree of increase was related to the ratio of the retinal detachment height to the subretinal space width in their active phase. It suggested that the retina is stretched when it becomes detached, and recovers with resolution of the subretinal fluid. Therefore, besides photoreceptor cell death, retinal stretch may contribute to the reduction in foveal ONL thickness in eyes with active CSC.
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31
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Allocca M, Corrigan JJ, Mazumder A, Fake KR, Samson LD. Inflammation, necrosis, and the kinase RIP3 are key mediators of AAG-dependent alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/568/eaau9216. [PMID: 30755477 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-alkylating agents are commonly used to kill cancer cells, but the base excision repair (BER) pathway they trigger can also produce toxic intermediates that cause tissue damage, such as retinal degeneration (RD). Apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, is assumed to be the main mechanism of this alkylation-induced photoreceptor (PR) cell death in RD. Here, we studied the involvement of necroptosis (another programmed cell death process) and inflammation in alkylation-induced RD. Male mice exposed to a methylating agent exhibited a reduced number of PR cell rows, active gliosis, and cytokine induction and macrophage infiltration in the retina. Dying PRs exhibited a necrotic morphology, increased 8-hydroxyguanosine abundance (an oxidative damage marker), and overexpression of the necroptosis-associated genes Rip1 and Rip3 The activity of PARP1, which mediates BER, cell death, and inflammation, was increased in PR cells and associated with the release of proinflammatory chemokine HMGB1 from PR nuclei. Mice lacking the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exhibited more severe RD, whereas deficiency of RIP3 (also known as RIPK3) conferred partial protection. Female mice were partially protected from alkylation-induced RD, showing reduced necroptosis and inflammation compared to males. PRs in mice lacking the BER-initiating DNA glycosylase AAG did not exhibit alkylation-induced necroptosis or inflammation. Our findings show that AAG-initiated BER at alkylated DNA bases induces sex-dependent RD primarily by triggering necroptosis and activating an inflammatory response that amplifies the original damage and, furthermore, reveal new potential targets to prevent this side effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly R Fake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Li T, Yang S, She X, Yan Q, Zhang P, Zhu H, Wang F, Luo X, Sun X. Modulation of α-adrenoceptor signalling protects photoreceptors after retinal detachment by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:801-813. [PMID: 30588605 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently available treatments do not halt progression of photoreceptor death and subsequent visual impairment related to retinal detachment (RD) which is observed in various retinal disorders. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of two adrenoceptor ligands, the α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin and the α2 -adrenoceptor agonist guanabenz, against photoreceptor cell death in RD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a model of experimental RD in Brown-Norway rats induced by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate. Oxidative stress biomarkers and cytokine production were quantified with elisa. Protein expression levels and immunofluorescent labelling were determined in rats with RD and controls for mechanistic elucidation. The effects of systemic (i.p.) administration of doxazosin or guanabenz on photoreceptor apoptosis, retinal histology and electroretinography were evaluated in rats with RD and compared to the effects in vehicle controls. KEY RESULTS Photoreceptors were the major source of RD-induced ROS overproduction in the rat retina through the regulation of NADPH oxidase. Systemic administration of doxazosin or guanabenz decreased the RD-induced production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and the chemokine CCL2, and suppressed retinal gliosis, resulting in attenuation of photoreceptor death and preservation of retinal structures and functions in RD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings point to α-adrenoceptors as novel therapeutic targets to provide photoreceptor protection and suggest that both doxazosin and guanabenz, two FDA-approved drugs, could be further explored to treat retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun She
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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Choi JA, Kim YJ, Seo BR, Koh JY, Yoon YH. Potential Role of Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Activation and Photoreceptor Cell Death in Experimental Retinal Detachment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:3058-3068. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Choi
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Seo
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hee Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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INCOMPLETE REPAIR OF RETINAL STRUCTURE AFTER VITRECTOMY WITH INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING. Retina 2018; 37:1523-1528. [PMID: 27828909 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine retinal changes after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, we used a cynomolgus monkey model and focused on surgical damages of ILM peeling for long observational period of 3 years. METHODS Vitrectomy was performed followed by ILM peeling similar to clinical settings in humans. Ultrastructural changes of the retina were investigated by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy at 3 months and 3 years after ILM peeling. RESULTS Ultrastructural study showed that the ILM peeled area was still clearly recognized after 3 years. The Müller cell processes covered most of the retina; however, the nerve fiber layer was partly uncovered and exposed to the vitreous space. The arcuate linear nerve fiber bundles were observed as comparable with dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance. Small round retinal surface defects were also observed around macula, resembling the dimple sign. Forceps-related retinal thinning was also found on the edge of ILM peeling, where we started peeling with fine forceps. CONCLUSION The ultrastructural studies showed that most of ILM peeling area was covered with glial cells during wound healing processes. Retinal changes were found comparable with dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance or dimple sign, which were clinically observed with optical coherence tomography.
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36
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Sene A, Apte RS. Inflammation-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1074:203-208. [PMID: 29721945 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important aspect of many diseases of the eye, and experimental animal models have been widely used to determine its impact on retinal homeostasis and neuron survival. Physical separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) results in activation and infiltration of macrophages. Numerous studies have shown the critical role of macrophages in retinal disease processes. In retinal detachment, accumulation of macrophages in the subretinal space is associated with changes in cytokine and chemokine profile which lead to photoreceptor cell death. Targeted disruption of macrophage chemotaxis significantly reduces retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Apoptosis is the predominant mechanism of cell death; however regulated necrosis is also a contributor of photoreceptor loss. Therefore, effective neuroprotective approaches could integrate combined inhibition of both apoptotic and regulated necrosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Sene
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biology, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
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37
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Wubben TJ, Pawar M, Smith A, Toolan K, Hager H, Besirli CG. Photoreceptor metabolic reprogramming provides survival advantage in acute stress while causing chronic degeneration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17863. [PMID: 29259242 PMCID: PMC5736549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor death is the root cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and there is an unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival. The biosynthetic requirement of photoreceptors is among the highest in the body, and to meet this demand, photoreceptors maintain their ability to perform aerobic glycolysis. This highly regulated form of glycolysis allows cells to efficiently budget their metabolic needs and may be a critical link between photoreceptor function and survival. Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) is a key regulator of aerobic glycolysis. In the present study, we characterized the effect of PKM2 deletion on baseline functioning and survival of photoreceptors over time by utilizing a photoreceptor-specific, PKM2 knockout mouse model. We found that upon PKM2 deletion, PKM1 is upregulated in the outer retina and there is increased expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, which led to chronic degenerative changes in the outer retina of these mice. We also discovered that this metabolic reprogramming provided a survival advantage to photoreceptors in an experimental model of retinal detachment. This study strongly supports the hypothesis that reprogramming metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for photoreceptor neuroprotection during acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Wubben
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mercy Pawar
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Toolan
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather Hager
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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38
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Xie J, Zhu R, Peng Y, Gao W, Du J, Zhao L, Chi Y, Yang L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates photoreceptor cell autophagy after retinal detachment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17108. [PMID: 29215050 PMCID: PMC5719449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is the ultimate process underlying many retinal diseases, including retinal detachment (RD). Both autophagy and inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), participate in photoreceptor cell death after RD. In this study, we examined whether TNF-α inhibition would impact the autophagy of photoreceptors and reduce the death of photoreceptors after retinal detachment (RD). RD models were created in C57BL/6J mice by a subretinal injection of 1% hyaluronic acid. The TNF-α inhibitor infliximab was administered via intraperitoneal injection two hours before RD. The levels of TNF-α and the autophagy-related proteins Atg5 and LC3B were assayed by immunofluorescence at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days following RD. Apoptosis was examined at 3 days post-detachment via TUNEL assays. Photoreceptor cell counts were assessed at 7 days after RD. After RD, the protein levels of LC3B and Atg5 increased and reached a peak at 3 days, which decreased at 7 days. The expression of LC3B and Atg5 was prolonged and increased at a slower rate with TNF-α inhibition. The moderate augmentation and extension of autophagy through TNF-α inhibition resulted in the reduction of apoptosis and the enhancement of photoreceptor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ruilin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wenna Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiantong Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1 Xi'anmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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39
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MIF Inhibitor ISO-1 Protects Photoreceptors and Reduces Gliosis in Experimental Retinal Detachment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14336. [PMID: 29084983 PMCID: PMC5662618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor death and retinal gliosis underlie the majority of vision threatening retinal diseases including retinal detachment (RD). Although the underlying pathobiology of vision limiting processes in RD is not fully understood, inflammation is known to play a critical role. We conducted an iTRAQ proteomic screen of up- and down-regulated proteins in a murine model of RD to identify potential targetable candidates. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified and evaluated for neurotoxic and pro-gliotic effects during RD. Systemic administration of the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 significantly blocked photoreceptor apoptosis, outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning, and retinal gliosis. ISO-1 and MIF knockout (MIFKO) had greater accumulation of Müller glia pERK expression in the detached retina, suggesting that Müller survival pathways might underlie the neuroprotective response. Our data show the feasibility of the MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 to block pathological damage responses in retinal detachment and provide a rationale to explore MIF inhibition as a potential therapeutic option for RD.
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40
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Kogachi K, Wolfe JD, Kashani AH. Surgically Induced Focal Retinal Detachment Does Not Cause Detectable SD-OCT Retinal Changes in Normal Human Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:5270-5279. [PMID: 29049728 PMCID: PMC5644709 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Induction of focal retinal detachment (RD) for subretinal delivery of stem cells and gene therapy is increasingly common. In order to determine if this procedure has an adverse impact on the retina, we use spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to evaluate the pre- and postoperative retinal anatomy of the incidentally detached normal retina surrounding large submacular hemorrhages (SMH) during surgical displacement procedures. Methods Retrospective, observational study of human subjects with monocular SMH evaluated before and after surgical displacement using clinical exam, fundus photography, and SD-OCT. Manual measurements of the inner retinal thickness (IRT), outer retinal thickness (ORT), and full retinal thickness (FRT) were made in regions involving the SMH and surrounding normal retina. Comparison of retinal thickness measurements was made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Seven eyes were included in this study. All eyes successfully underwent surgical displacement of SMH. Visual acuity improved in 6/7 subjects and was unchanged in the remaining subject. Incidental RD of the normal retinal regions surrounding the SMH did not cause any significant change in IRT, ORT, or FRT that was detectable by SD-OCT. In contrast, mean FRT overlying regions with SMH was significantly greater before surgery compared to after displacement of SMH or normal adjacent retina. Conclusions Surgically induced focal RD does not cause detectable retinal changes in the incidentally detached normal retina surrounding large SMH. Therefore, surgical induction of focal RD should not be considered to have the same adverse impact on the retina as pathologic RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Kogachi
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jeremy D Wolfe
- Associated Retinal Consultants, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Amir H Kashani
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
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41
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Wong R, Orabona GD, Simonelli F, Howard C. Novel technique for removal of persistent subretinal fluid following nondrain retinal detachment surgery. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2017; 6:199-200. [PMID: 29018742 PMCID: PMC5525623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes a case of successful reattachment of a macular-off retinal detachment following optical coherence tomography-guided internal drainage of retained subretinal fluid following a nondrain method. To date, there has not been any documented treatment option for this common phenomenon. This novel technique describes a method to remove such fluid and successfully appose the retina to the retinal pigment epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Wong
- St. Thomas' Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, London, UK.,Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Catherine Howard
- Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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42
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Regeneration of Photoreceptor Outer Segments After Scleral Buckling Surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 177:17-26. [PMID: 28189482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the regeneration of the cone outer segments in eyes after surgery for fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera and to correlate these findings with the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS Medical charts of 21 eyes of 21 patients who had undergone surgery for fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were retrospectively studied. Cone mosaic images were obtained with an AO fundus camera. Cone packing density at 2 degrees from the fovea within the previously detached area was measured 6 and 12 months after surgery. Retinal thicknesses between the interdigitation zone and the retinal pigment epithelium (IZ-RPE) and between the ellipsoid zone and the retinal pigment epithelium (EZ-RPE) were measured in OCT images. RESULTS Cone density 12 months after surgery was significantly increased from that at 6 months (P = .001), but was still significantly lower than that of normal fellow eyes (P < .001). IZ-RPE and EZ-RPE thickness significantly increased from 6 to 12 months (P = .045, P = .033, respectively), and these values were not significantly different from those of normal fellow eyes. Multivariate analysis showed that cone density at 12 months was significantly associated with IZ-RPE thickness (P = .002), and increases in cone packing density were significantly associated with increases in IZ-RPE thickness (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Recovery of cone packing density measured by AO was associated with structural recovery of the outer retina observed in OCT, suggesting regeneration of the photoreceptor outer segment after surgery.
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43
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Fuma S, Nishinaka A, Inoue Y, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Kondo M, Hara H. A pharmacological approach in newly established retinal vein occlusion model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43509. [PMID: 28252108 PMCID: PMC5333144 DOI: 10.1038/srep43509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treatment is poorly understood, partly due to the lack of RVO animal models that mimic clinical pathology. The aims of this study were to establish a suitable RVO model, clarify the pathogenic mechanisms, and evaluate the effects of anti-VEGF antibody in the model. Mouse retinal veins were occluded by laser photocoagulation after rose bengal injection. Reduction of the b/a wave amplitude ratio, retinal nonperfusion, cystoid edema, and hard exudates were observed after occlusion, and expression of RVO-related genes was altered. Administration of anti-VEGF antibody immediately, or 7 days, after occlusion resulted in reduction and increase of the nonperfused area, respectively. We conclude that the present model will be useful for clarification of the pathogenic mechanisms, and that the timing of anti-VEGF antibody administration is important for the successful amelioration of retinal nonperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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44
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Frings A, Markau N, Katz T, Stemplewitz B, Skevas C, Druchkiv V, Wagenfeld L. Visual recovery after retinal detachment with macula-off: is surgery within the first 72 h better than after? Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 100:1466-1469. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Matsumoto H, Murakami Y, Kataoka K, Notomi S, Mantopoulos D, Trichonas G, Miller JW, Gregory MS, Ksander BR, Marshak-Rothstein A, Vavvas DG. Membrane-bound and soluble Fas ligands have opposite functions in photoreceptor cell death following separation from the retinal pigment epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1986. [PMID: 26583327 PMCID: PMC4670938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) triggers apoptosis of Fas-positive cells, and previous reports described FasL-induced cell death of Fas-positive photoreceptors following a retinal detachment. However, as FasL exists in membrane-bound (mFasL) and soluble (sFasL) forms, and is expressed on resident microglia and infiltrating monocyte/macrophages, the current study examined the relative contribution of mFasL and sFasL to photoreceptor cell death after induction of experimental retinal detachment in wild-type, knockout (FasL-/-), and mFasL-only knock-in (ΔCS) mice. Retinal detachment in FasL-/- mice resulted in a significant reduction of photoreceptor cell death. In contrast, ΔCS mice displayed significantly more apoptotic photoreceptor cell death. Photoreceptor loss in ΔCS mice was inhibited by a subretinal injection of recombinant sFasL. Thus, Fas/FasL-triggered cell death accounts for a significant amount of photoreceptor cell loss following the retinal detachment. The function of FasL was dependent upon the form of FasL expressed: mFasL triggered photoreceptor cell death, whereas sFasL protected the retina, indicating that enzyme-mediated cleavage of FasL determines, in part, the extent of vision loss following the retinal detachment. Moreover, it also indicates that treatment with sFasL could significantly reduce photoreceptor cell loss in patients with retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Murakami
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Kataoka
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Notomi
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Mantopoulos
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Trichonas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J W Miller
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B R Ksander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - D G Vavvas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Roohipoor R, Mohammadi N, Ghassemi F, Karkhaneh R, Rezaei M, Nili-Ahmadabadi M, Ebrahimiadib N. Foveal Structure in Macula-off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment after Scleral Buckling or Vitrectomy. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2015; 10:172-7. [PMID: 26425321 PMCID: PMC4568616 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.163780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate foveal microstructural changes and to determine its association with visual outcomes after reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) by scleral buckling (SB) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), foveal microstructure in eyes with macula-off RRD were studied 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after PPV or SB and correlated with visual outcomes. RESULTS Forty-two eyes were included in the final analysis. Even with improved microstructural changes and normalization of retinal structures on OCT, final visual acuity was not correlated with microstructural changes in eyes undergoing PPV. In the SB group, final visual acuity was significantly correlated with an intact inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction (P = 0.013). There was no significant correlation between final visual acuity and presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in either group. CONCLUSION After SB, eyes with an intact IS/OS junction had better final visual acuity. In the PPV group, there was no significant correlation between microstructural changes and visual acuity. The presence of SRF did not influence final visual acuity in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramak Roohipoor
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghassemi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karkhaneh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Department of Biostatictics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ebrahimiadib
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shelby SJ, Angadi PS, Zheng QD, Yao J, Jia L, Zacks DN. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α contributes to regulation of autophagy in retinal detachment. Exp Eye Res 2015; 137:84-93. [PMID: 26093278 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor (PR) cells receive oxygen and nutritional support from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Retinal detachment results in PR hypoxia and their time-dependent death. Detachment also activates autophagy within the PR, which serves to reduce the rate of PR apoptosis. In this study, we test the hypothesis that autophagy activation in the PR results, at least in part, from the detachment-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Retina-RPE separation was created in Brown-Norway rats and C57BL/6J mice by injection of 1% hyaluronic acid into the subretinal space. Retinas were harvested and assayed for HIF protein levels. Cultured 661W photoreceptor cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and assayed for induction of HIF and autophagy. The requirement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in regulating photoreceptor autophagy was tested using siRNA in vitro and in vivo. We observed increased levels of HIF-1α and HIF-2α within 1 day post-detachment, as well as increased levels of BNIP3, a downstream target of HIF-1α that contributes to autophagy activation. Exposing 661W cells to hypoxia resulted in increased HIF-1α and HIF-2α levels and increase in conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Silencing of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in LC3-II formation and increased cell death in 661W cells. Silencing of HIF-1α in rat retinas prevented the detachment-induced increase in BNIP3 and LC3-II, resulting in increased PR cell death. Our data support the hypothesis that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, serves as an early response signal to induce autophagy and reduce photoreceptor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameka J Shelby
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA
| | - Pavan S Angadi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA
| | - Qiong-Duon Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA
| | - Jingyu Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-0714, USA.
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Predicting visual outcomes for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with optical coherence tomography. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:269837. [PMID: 25574380 PMCID: PMC4276691 DOI: 10.1155/2014/269837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. We evaluated the ability of novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters to predict postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) eyes. Methods. We reviewed the medical records of 56 consecutive eyes with macula-off RRD. Clinical findings were analyzed including the relationship between preoperative OCT findings and 6-month postoperative BCVA. Results. Six-month postoperative BCVA was significantly correlated with preoperative findings including retinal height at the fovea, total and inner layer cross-sectional macular area within 2 mm of the fovea, and preoperative BCVA (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, resp.). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the duration of macular detachment and total cross-sectional macular area were independent factors predicting 6-month postoperative BCVA (P = 0.024 and P = 0.041, resp.). Conclusions. Measuring preoperative total cross-sectional area of the macular layer within 2 mm of the fovea with OCT is a useful and objective way to predict postoperative visual outcome in eyes with macula-off RRD.
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