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Salis C, DeDe G. Sentence Production in a Discourse Context in Latent Aphasia: A Real-Time Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:1284-1296. [PMID: 35363996 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding as to which factors determine online, spoken sentence production abilities of adults with latent aphasia in a discourse context. METHOD Discourse samples of the story of Cinderella elicited from AphasiaBank were analyzed with speech analysis software. Participants comprised people with latent and anomic aphasia as well as neurotypical controls (10 per group). Durations of pauses (silent and filled) were analyzed according to (a) the location they occurred (between or within sentences), (b) the syntactic complexity of sentences (simple, complex), and (c) sentence length (number of words). Statistical comparisons were conducted using mixed-effect models. RESULTS The two clinical groups (latent and anomic) differed from controls in the duration of pauses, both between and within sentences. Syntactic complexity did not exert an effect on either of the two clinical groups as compared with controls. As compared with controls, both clinical groups paused more before long in comparison with short sentences. CONCLUSION Reduction in processing speed, which affects the ability to simultaneously maintain multiple linguistic and other cognitive demands associated with planning and monitoring of utterances, is a major factor that compromises sentence production in spoken discourse in latent aphasia. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19448726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Salis
- Speech & Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gayle DeDe
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Nickels L, Lampe LF, Mason C, Hameau S. Investigating the influence of semantic factors on word retrieval: Reservations, results and recommendations. Cogn Neuropsychol 2022; 39:113-154. [PMID: 35972430 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus that word retrieval starts with activation of semantic representations. However, in adults without language impairment, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of the semantic attributes of to-be-retrieved words. This paper, therefore, addresses the question of which item-inherent semantic factors influence word retrieval. Specifically, it reviews the literature on a selection of these factors: imageability, concreteness, number of semantic features, typicality, intercorrelational density, featural distinctiveness, concept distinctiveness, animacy, semantic neighbourhood density, semantic similarity, operativity, valence, and arousal. It highlights several methodological challenges in this field, and has a focus on the insights from studies with people with aphasia where the effects of these variables are more prevalent. The paper concludes that further research simultaneously examining the effects of different semantic factors that are likely to affect lexical co-activation, and the interaction of these variables, would be fruitful, as would suitably scaled computational modelling of these effects in unimpaired language processing and in language impairment. Such research would enable the refinement of theories of semantic processing and word production, and potentially have implications for diagnosis and treatment of semantic and lexical impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Nickels
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonie F Lampe
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Catherine Mason
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Solène Hameau
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Neophytou K, Wiley RW, Rapp B, Tsapkini K. The use of spelling for variant classification in primary progressive aphasia: Theoretical and practical implications. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107157. [PMID: 31401078 PMCID: PMC6817413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, variant subtyping in primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
requires an expert neurologist and extensive language and cognitive testing.
Spelling impairments appear early in the development of the disorder, and the
three PPA variants (non-fluent - nfvPPA; semantic - svPPA; logopenic - lvPPA)
reportedly show fairly distinct spelling profiles. Given the theoretical and
empirical evidence indicating that spelling may serve as a proxy for spoken
language, the current study aimed to determine whether spelling performance
alone, when evaluated with advanced statistical analyses, allows for accurate
PPA variant classification. A spelling to dictation task (with real words and
pseudowords) was administered to 33 PPA individuals: 17 lvPPA, 10 nfvPPA, 6
svPPA. Using machine learning classification algorithms, we obtained pairwise
variant classification accuracies that ranged between 67 and 100%. In additional
analyses that assumed no prior knowledge of each case's variant,
classification accuracies ranged between 59 and 70%. To our knowledge, this is
the first time that all the PPA variants, including the most challenging
logopenic variant, have been classified with such high accuracy when using
information from a single language task. These results underscore the rich
structure of the spelling process and support the use of a spelling task in PPA
variant classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Neophytou
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert W Wiley
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Brenda Rapp
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kavé G, Goral M. Do age-related word retrieval difficulties appear (or disappear) in connected speech? AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 24:508-527. [PMID: 27583986 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1226249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive literature review of studies of word retrieval in connected speech in healthy aging and reviewed relevant aphasia research that could shed light on the aging literature. Four main hypotheses guided the review: (1) Significant retrieval difficulties would lead to reduced output in connected speech. (2) Significant retrieval difficulties would lead to a more limited lexical variety in connected speech. (3) Significant retrieval difficulties would lead to an increase in word substitution errors and in pronoun use as well as to greater dysfluency and hesitation in connected speech. (4) Retrieval difficulties on tests of single-word production would be associated with measures of word retrieval in connected speech. Studies on aging did not confirm these four hypotheses, unlike studies on aphasia that generally did. The review suggests that future research should investigate how context facilitates word production in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kavé
- a Department of Education and Psychology , The Open University , Ra'anana , Israel
| | - Mira Goral
- b Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences , Lehman College , CUNY, Bronx , NY , USA
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An exploration of the semantic network in Alzheimer's disease: Influence of emotion and concreteness of concepts. Cortex 2015; 69:201-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mårtensson F, Roll M, Lindgren M, Apt P, Horne M. Sensory-specific anomic aphasia following left occipital lesions: data from free oral descriptions of concrete word meanings. Neurocase 2014; 20:192-207. [PMID: 23425233 PMCID: PMC3877915 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2012.741258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated hierarchical lexical semantic structure in oral descriptions of concrete word meanings produced by a subject (ZZ) diagnosed with anomic aphasia due to left occipital lesions. The focus of the analysis was production of a) nouns at different levels of semantic specificity (e.g., "robin"-"bird"-"animal") and b) words describing sensory or motor experiences (e.g., "blue," "soft," "fly"). Results show that in contrast to healthy and aphasic controls, who produced words at all levels of specificity and mainly vision-related sensory information, ZZ produced almost exclusively nouns at the most non-specific levels and words associated with sound and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mårtensson
- a Department of Linguistics and Phonetics , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Reilly J, Westbury C, Kean J, Peelle JE. Arbitrary symbolism in natural language revisited: when word forms carry meaning. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42286. [PMID: 22879931 PMCID: PMC3412842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive science has a rich history of interest in the ways that languages represent abstract and concrete concepts (e.g., idea vs. dog). Until recently, this focus has centered largely on aspects of word meaning and semantic representation. However, recent corpora analyses have demonstrated that abstract and concrete words are also marked by phonological, orthographic, and morphological differences. These regularities in sound-meaning correspondence potentially allow listeners to infer certain aspects of semantics directly from word form. We investigated this relationship between form and meaning in a series of four experiments. In Experiments 1–2 we examined the role of metalinguistic knowledge in semantic decision by asking participants to make semantic judgments for aurally presented nonwords selectively varied by specific acoustic and phonetic parameters. Participants consistently associated increased word length and diminished wordlikeness with abstract concepts. In Experiment 3, participants completed a semantic decision task (i.e., abstract or concrete) for real words varied by length and concreteness. Participants were more likely to misclassify longer, inflected words (e.g., “apartment”) as abstract and shorter uninflected abstract words (e.g., “fate”) as concrete. In Experiment 4, we used a multiple regression to predict trial level naming data from a large corpus of nouns which revealed significant interaction effects between concreteness and word form. Together these results provide converging evidence for the hypothesis that listeners map sound to meaning through a non-arbitrary process using prior knowledge about statistical regularities in the surface forms of words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Reilly
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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Crutch SJ, Connell S, Warrington EK. The different representational frameworks underpinning abstract and concrete knowledge: evidence from odd-one-out judgements. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2008; 62:1377-88, 1388-90. [PMID: 19096991 DOI: 10.1080/17470210802483834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence from neuropsychological investigations of individuals with global aphasia and deep or deep-phonological dyslexia suggests that abstract and concrete concepts are underpinned by qualitatively different representational frameworks. Abstract words are represented primarily by their association to other words, whilst concrete words are represented primarily by their taxonomic similarity to one another. In the current study, we present the first evidence for this association/similarity distinction to be gathered from healthy research participants. Using a semantic odd-one-out task, it is shown that normal participants identify associative connections more quickly than similarity-based connections when processing abstract words, but that the pattern is reversed for concrete words. It is also demonstrated that the typical concrete-word advantage observed in many cognitive tasks is abolished and even reversed when participants have to comprehend the semantic associations between words. The data provide converging evidence for the different representational frameworks hypothesis and suggest that claims based on information from previous neuropsychological investigations can be generalized to normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Crutch
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Crutch SJ, Warrington EK. Semantic priming in deep-phonological dyslexia: contrasting effects of association and similarity upon abstract and concrete word reading. Cogn Neuropsychol 2008; 24:583-602. [PMID: 18416510 DOI: 10.1080/02643290701577351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of experiments investigating the reading abilities of a patient R.O.M. who exhibited the syndrome of deep-phonological dyslexia. In a series of semantic priming tasks, R.O.M. was requested to read word lists containing either abstract or concrete words, which were related by semantic similarity or semantic association, or which shared no clear semantic relationship. R.O.M. read semantically similar concrete words significantly more accurately than unrelated items, but showed no such advantage for semantically associated concrete words. By contrast, semantically associated abstract words were read significantly more accurately than unrelated items, but there was no evidence of priming for semantically similar abstract words. Thus, we describe an attempt to harness semantic priming to find converging evidence for a distinction between the representational frameworks underpinning abstract and concrete concepts. The findings are considered in the context of competing theories of the abstract/concrete distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK.
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Crutch SJ. Qualitatively different semantic representations for abstract and concrete words: further evidence from the semantic reading errors of deep dyslexic patients. Neurocase 2006; 12:91-7. [PMID: 16714241 DOI: 10.1080/13554790500507172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of the hypothesis that conceptual knowledge for abstract and concrete items is underpinned by qualitatively different representational frameworks (Crutch and Warrington, 2005a). A re-analysis of the semantic reading errors of four deep dyslexic patients is presented, examining the incidence of semantically associated and semantically similar errors in response to abstract and concrete target words. The results demonstrate that abstract target words elicit a greater proportion of associative than similar errors, while concrete words show the reverse pattern. These findings provide evidence which converges with that previously documented for a semantic refractory access dysphasic to suggest that abstract concepts are represented in an associative network while concrete concepts are represented in a categorical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
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