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Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium PC4.1, a Clade B Strain Isolated from Human Feces. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e00022-14. [PMID: 24503986 PMCID: PMC3916480 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00022-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is commonly isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract; however, important intraspecies variations exist with relevance for host health and well-being. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of E. faecium PC4.1, a clade B strain isolated from human feces.
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Sillanpää J, Nallapareddy SR, Houston J, Ganesh VK, Bourgogne A, Singh KV, Murray BE, Höök M. A family of fibrinogen-binding MSCRAMMs from Enterococcus faecalis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2390-2400. [PMID: 19389755 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that three (EF0089, EF2505 and EF1896, renamed here Fss1, Fss2 and Fss3, respectively, for Enterococcus faecalis surface protein) of the recently predicted MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) in E. faecalis strain V583 bind fibrinogen (Fg). Despite an absence of extensive primary sequence homology, the three proteins appear to be related structurally. Within the N-terminal regions of the three enterococcal proteins, we identified pairs of putative IgG-like modules with a high degree of predicted structural similarity to the Fg-binding N2 and N3 domains of the staphylococcal MSCRAMMs ClfA and SdrG. A second N2N3-like segment was predicted in Fss1. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that all four predicted N2N3-like regions are composed mainly of beta-sheets with only a minor proportion of alpha-helices, which is characteristic of Ig-like folded domains. Three of the four identified enterococcal N2N3-like regions showed potent dose-dependent binding to Fg. However, the specificity of the Fg-binding MSCRAMMs differs, as indicated by far-Western blots, which showed that recombinant segments of the MSCRAMMs bound different Fg polypeptide chains. Enterococci grown in serum-supplemented broth adhere to Fg-coated surfaces, and inactivation in strain OG1RF of the gene encoding Fss2 resulted in reduced adherence, whilst complementation of the mutant restored full Fg adherence. Thus, E. faecalis contains a family of MSCRAMMs that structurally and functionally resemble the Fg-binding MSCRAMMs of staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Sillanpää
- Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sreedhar R Nallapareddy
- Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janeu Houston
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vannakambadi K Ganesh
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Agathe Bourgogne
- Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kavindra V Singh
- Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara E Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Nigutová K, Styriak I, Javorský P, Pristas P. Partial characterization of Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage F4. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:234-6. [PMID: 18661299 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Large Enterococcus faecalis F4 bacteriophage (described earlier) consisting of double-stranded linear DNA of approximately 60 kb was characterized. Library was prepared of its random DNA fragments and selected recombinants were sequenced. Three phage essential genes were characterized: DNA polymerase, replicative DNA helicase and a minor capsid protein, showing only limited homology to other known phage encoded genes. The occurrence of these genes among enterococci was determined by PCR method. Only two out of 40 tested isolates possessed all three genes, another three isolates contained at least one of the genes, demonstrating low frequency F4 lysogens among natural enterococcal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nigutová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Nallapareddy SR, Murray BE. Role played by serum, a biological cue, in the adherence of Enterococcus faecalis to extracellular matrix proteins, collagen, fibrinogen, and fibronectin. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1728-36. [PMID: 18462135 DOI: 10.1086/588143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies have found that Enterococcus faecalis isolates do not show significant adherence to fibronectin and fibrinogen. METHODS The influence of various conditions on E. faecalis adherence to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was evaluated using a radiolabeled-cell adherence assay. RESULTS Among the conditions studied, growth in 40% horse serum (a biological cue with potential clinical relevance) elicited adherence of all 46 E. faecalis strains tested to fibronectin and fibrinogen but not to elastin; adherence levels were independent of strain source, and adherence was eliminated by treating cells with trypsin. As previously reported, serum also elicited adherence to collagen. Although prolonged exposure to serum during growth was needed for enhancement of adherence to fibrinogen, brief exposure (<5 min) to serum had an immediate, although partial, enhancing effect on adherence to fibronectin and, to a lesser extent, collagen; pretreatment of bacteria with chloramphenicol did not decrease this enhanced adherence to fibronectin and collagen, indicating that protein synthesis is not required for the latter effect. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that serum components may serve (1) as host environmental stimuli to induce the production of ECM protein-binding adhesin(s), as previously seen with collagen adherence, and also (2) as activators of adherence, perhaps by forming bridges between ECM proteins and adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar R Nallapareddy
- Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hall AE, Gorovits EL, Syribeys PJ, Domanski PJ, Ames BR, Chang CY, Vernachio JH, Patti JM, Hutchins JT. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the Enterococcus faecalis collagen-binding MSCRAMM Ace: conditional expression and binding analysis. Microb Pathog 2007; 43:55-66. [PMID: 17521860 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens known to cause numerous clinical infections and complications in humans. Adhesin-mediated binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the host is thought to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of these bacterial infections. Adhesin of collagen from Enterococcus faecalis (Ace) is a cell-wall anchored protein of E. faecalis that has been shown to be important for bacterial binding to the ECM. In this report, we characterize the conditions for Ace expression and demonstrate Ace binding to mammalian epithelial and endothelial cells as well as to collagens found in the ECM. To further characterize Ace expression and function, we report the generation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against this important E. faecalis virulence factor. Through the use of multiple in vitro assays, surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry, we have characterized this panel of mAbs which may prove to be not only beneficial in studies that address the precise biological role of adhesion of E. faecalis, but may also serve as beneficial therapeutic agents against E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Hall
- Inhibitex, Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30004, USA
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Nigutova K, Morovsky M, Pristas P, Teather RM, Holo H, Javorsky P. Production of enterolysin A by rumen Enterococcus faecalis strain and occurrence of enlA homologues among ruminal Gram-positive cocci. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:563-9. [PMID: 17241363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Purification and partial characterization of an extracellular bacteriocin produced by the ruminal isolate Enterococcus faecalis II/1 and determine the frequency of occurrence of enterolysin A structural gene within the ruminal cocci. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteriocin produced by E. faecalis II/1 was purified to homogeneity. Purified bacteriocin exhibited a single band on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of about 35 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the first 30 amino acids of purified bacteriocin was identical with the enterolysin A sequence. The DNA sequence of the nearly complete E. faecalis II/1 bacteriocin structural gene was identical to the enterolysin A gene sequence, confirming that this bacteriocin is identical to enterolysin A, a cell wall-degrading bacteriocin from E. faecalis LMG 2333. Enterolysin A structural genes were detected in approximately one-sixth of the Gram-positive ruminal cocci examined by PCR using primers targeting the enterolysin A structural gene. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriocin produced by E. faecalis II/1 is identical to enterolysin A. Enterolysin A structural gene homologues are frequently encountered in rumen enterococcal and streptococcal bacterial strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first evidence of a large heat-labile bacteriocin produced by rumen E. faecalis strain, enlarging the number and types of known anti-bacterial proteins produced by rumen bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nigutova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
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Nigútová K, Pristas P, Javorský P. Bacteriocin-like activity production and resistance in selected enterococci and streptococci of animal origin. Arch Anim Nutr 2005; 59:205-11. [PMID: 16119080 DOI: 10.1080/17450390500148121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides produced by bacteria, termed bacteriocins, are widely acknowledged to be important contributors to their producer organism survival. Enterocin A, enterocin B, enterocin P and enterolysin A belong to the best studied enterocins, i.e., bacteriocins produced by enterococci and streptococci. Twenty-one enterococcal and seven streptococcal isolates were analysed for bacteriocin-like activity production and resistance by overlay test. Up to 50% of tested strains showed antibacterial activity at least against one indicator strain. The occurrence of enterocin B structural gene in several isolates was confirmed by PCR method. The results of this study should broaden knowledge of bacteriocin-like activity production and resistance among gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Nigútová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Sillanpää J, Xu Y, Nallapareddy SR, Murray BE, Höök M. A family of putative MSCRAMMs from Enterococcus faecalis. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:2069-2078. [PMID: 15256550 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently published Enterococcus faecalis genome [Paulsen, I. T., Banerjei, L., Myers, G. S. & 29 other authors (2003). Science 299, 2071-2074)] was examined and 41 putative cell-wall-anchored proteins were identified. Seventeen of these proteins are predicted to contain tandemly repeated immunoglobulin-like folds characteristic of the structural organization of staphylococcal adhesins of the MSCRAMM (microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) type. Two of the nine proteins selected for further study appear to represent cell-wall-anchored enzymes. It is proposed that the remaining seven proteins constitute a family of structurally related proteins potentially interacting with proteins of the host. This family includes the previously identified collagen/laminin-binding MSCRAMM ACE [Rich, R. L., Kreikemeyer, B., Owens, R. T., LaBrenz, S., Narayana, S. V., Weinstock, G. M., Murray, B. E. & Hook, M. (1999). J Biol Chem 274, 26939-26945]. It is further demonstrated that genes encoding the seven putative MSCRAMMs are present in all E. faecalis strains tested and these proteins appear to be expressed during infection in humans, since sera from infected individuals contain antibodies reacting with recombinant versions of the enterococcal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Sillanpää
- Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sreedhar R Nallapareddy
- University of Texas Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens (CERP), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara E Murray
- University of Texas Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens (CERP), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Magnus Höök
- Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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