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Rentsch CA, Bosshard P, Mayor G, Rieken M, Püschel H, Wirth G, Cathomas R, Parzmair GP, Grode L, Eisele B, Sharma H, Gupta M, Gairola S, Shaligram U, Goldenberger D, Spertini F, Audran R, Enoiu M, Berardi S, Hayoz S, Wicki A. Results of the phase I open label clinical trial SAKK 06/14 assessing safety of intravesical instillation of VPM1002BC, a recombinant mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and previous failure of conventional BCG therapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1748981. [PMID: 32363120 PMCID: PMC7185202 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1748981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: VPM1002BC is a modified mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The genetic modifications are expected to result in better immunogenicity and less side effects. We report on patient safety and immunology of the first intravesical application of VPM1002BC in human. Methods: Six patients with BCG failure received a treatment of 6 weekly instillations with VPM1002BC. Patients were monitored for adverse events (AE), excretion of VPM1002BC and cytokines, respectively. Results: No DLT (dose limiting toxicity) occurred during the DLT-period. No grade ≥3 AEs occurred. Excretion of VPM1002BC in the urine was limited to less than 24 hours. Plasma levels of TNFα significantly increased after treatment and blood-derived CD4+ T cells stimulated with PPD demonstrated significantly increased intracellular GM-CSF and IFN expression. Conclusion: The intravesical application of VPM1002BC is safe and well tolerated by patients and results in a potential Th1 weighted immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Piet Bosshard
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Mayor
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malte Rieken
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Püschel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Wirth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Cathomas
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Chur, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bernd Eisele
- Vakzine Projekt Management GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hitt Sharma
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Goldenberger
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology & Mycology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Zheng YQ, Naguib YW, Dong Y, Shi YC, Bou S, Cui Z. Applications of bacillus Calmette–Guerin and recombinant bacillus Calmette–Guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1068124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-qiang Zheng
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yixuan Dong
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yan-chun Shi
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Shorgan Bou
- 3National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Li WC, Zhang XK, Du L, Pan L, Gong PT, Li JH, Yang J, Li H, Zhang XC. Eimeria maxima: efficacy of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing apical membrane antigen1 against homologous infection. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3825-33. [PMID: 23949244 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most important protozoan diseases and inflicts severe economic losses on the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to deliver apical membrane antigen1 (AMA1) of Eimeria maxima to stimulate specific cellular and humoral immune responses in chickens. Day-old birds were immunized twice with rBCG/pMV261-AMA1, rBCG/pMV361-AMA1, or BCG via oral, intranasal, and subcutaneous routes and then orally challenged with homologous E. maxima sporulated oocysts. Gain of body weight, fecal oocyst output, lesion scores, serum antibody responses, numbers of splenocyte CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and gut cytokine transcript levels were assessed as measures of protective immunity. Challenge experiments demonstrated that rBCG vaccination via intranasal or subcutaneous routes could increase weight gain, decrease intestinal lesions, and reduce fecal oocyst shedding, and the subcutaneous and intranasal routes were superior to the oral route based on the immune effects. Furthermore, intranasal rBCG immunization could also lead to a significant increase in serum antibody, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte cells, and the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-15, and IL-10 mRNAs compared with the control group. These results suggested that intranasal rBCG immunization could induce a strong humoral and cellular response directed against homologous E. maxima infection. This study provides data for the use of rBCG to develop a prophylactic vaccine against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Abstract
Elucidating the function of mycobacterial proteins, determining their contribution to virulence, and developing new vaccine candidates has been facilitated by systems permitting the heterologous expression of genes in mycobacteria. Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) and Mycobacterium smegmatis have commonly been employed as host systems for the heterologous expression of mycobacterial genes as well as genes from other bacteria, viruses, and mammalian cells. Vectors that permit strong, constitutive expression of genes have been developed, and more recently systems that allow tightly regulated induction of gene expression have become available. In this chapter, we describe two complementary techniques relevant to the field of gene expression in mycobacteria. We first outline the methodology used for the expression and specific detection of recombinant products expressed in BCG. The expression vectors described use an epitope tag fused to the C-terminal end of the foreign protein, ablating the need for additional reagents to detect the recombinant product. Second, we describe the inducible expression of genes in recombinant M. smegmatis and the subsequent purification of gene products using affinity chromatography.
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Yuan S, Shi C, Liu L, Han W. MUC1-based recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines as candidates for breast cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1037-48. [PMID: 20420512 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.485185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The challenge in breast cancer vaccine development is to find the best combination of antigen, adjuvant and delivery system to produce a strong and long-lasting immune response. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a potential candidate target for breast cancer immunotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is used widely in human vaccines. Furthermore, it can potentially offer unique advantages for developing a safe and effective multi-vaccine vehicle. Due to these properties, the development of MUC1 based recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccines for breast cancer immunotherapy has gained great momentum in recent years. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Our aim is to discuss the recent progress in MUC1-based breast cancer immunotherapy and to highlight the advantages of MUC1-based rBCG vaccines as the new breast cancer vaccines. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Several promising MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to induce MUC1-specific antitumor immune responses in pre-clinical studies. This review updates and evaluates this very important and rapidly developing field, and provides a critical perspective and information source for its potential clinical applications. TAKE HOME MESSAGE MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response in vivo demonstrating its potential utility in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Yuan
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Kashyap RS, Husain AA, Morey SH, Panchbhai MS, Deshpande PS, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. Assessment of immune response to repeat stimulation with BCG vaccine using in vitro PBMC model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNE BASED THERAPIES AND VACCINES 2010; 8:3. [PMID: 20509931 PMCID: PMC2890520 DOI: 10.1186/1476-8518-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent cause of death due to a single pathogen. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine available for clinical use that protects against miliary TB; however, this vaccine has shown variable levels of efficacy against pulmonary TB. In India, a single dose of BCG vaccine is given and there are few countries where repeated doses of BCG are given. The incidence of TB in India is very high inspite of primary vaccination in neonatal period and therefore requires consideration for repeated immunization. Methods To improve BCG immunogenicity, we have evaluated specific antimycobacterial immune responses (anti-BCG IgG and IFN-γ), T cell activity-ADA, CD4 and CD8 T cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio in a peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) model using boost immunization protocols with the BCG vaccine. PBMC were induced with a repeat dose of BCG at 24 and 72 hrs of cell culture. Results At the end of the experimental time, supernatant was collected to estimate anti-BCG IgG titer, interferon γ, ADA activity, CD 4 and CD8 T cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio. We demonstrated that PBMC induced with a repeat dose of BCG showed an increased specific anti-mycobacterial immune responses, T cell activity, and ADA activity as compared to PBMC induced with BCG alone or without BCG induction. Conclusion The repeat BCG stimulation of PBMC obtained from BCG vaccinated individuals shows enhanced immune activation with respect to increased anti-BCG titre, IFN-γ and ADA activity without concomitant increase in CD4 and CD8 cells. This study provides some basic data in future experiments in animal models with respect to repeat BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpal S Kashyap
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2 Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur-440010, India.
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López Y, Yero D, Falero-Diaz G, Olivares N, Sarmiento ME, Sifontes S, Solis RL, Barrios JA, Aguilar D, Hernández-Pando R, Acosta A. Induction of a protective response with an IgA monoclonal antibody against Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16kDa protein in a model of progressive pulmonary infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2009; 299:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Toxoplasma rhoptries: unique secretory organelles and source of promising vaccine proteins for immunoprevention of toxoplasmosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2008; 2008:632424. [PMID: 18670609 PMCID: PMC2486357 DOI: 10.1155/2008/632424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite classified in the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes numerous notable human and animal pathogens (Plasmodium species, Cryptosporidium species, Neospora caninum, etc.). The invasive stages of apicomplexans are characterized by the presence of an apical complex composed of specialized cytoskeletal and secretory organelles, including rhoptries. Rhoptries, unique apical secretory organelles shared exclusively by all apicomplexan parasites, are known to be involved in an active parasite's penetration into the host cell associated with the biogenesis of specific intracellular compartment, parasitophorous vacuole in which the parasite multiplies intensively, avoiding intracellular killing. Due to the key biological role of rhoptries, rhoptry proteins have recently become vaccine candidates for the prevention of several parasitoses, toxoplasmosis among them. The article presents current data on T. gondii rhoptries biology and new approaches to the development of effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis using rhoptry antigens.
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Katoch K, Singh P, Adhikari T, Benara S, Singh H, Chauhan D, Sharma V, Lavania M, Sachan A, Katoch V. Potential of Mw as a prophylactic vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis. Vaccine 2008; 26:1228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Trülzsch K, Sporleder T, Leibiger R, Rüssmann H, Heesemann J. Yersinia as oral live carrier vaccine: influence of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) on the T-cell response. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 298:59-67. [PMID: 17897880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated enteropathogenic Yersinia strains are attractive candidates for the development of oral live carrier vaccines. Yersiniae colonize the small intestine and invade lymphoid tissue of the terminal ileum where they replicate extracellularly. Yersiniae can be engineered to secrete or translocate heterologous antigens into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells by their type 3 secretion system (T3SS). This results in the induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses to heterologous antigens of viral, bacterial and parasitic origin. In this review, we summarize the progress in developing Yersinia-based vaccine carrier strains by mutating the T3SS effector proteins of Yersinia called Yops (Yersinia outer proteins) to both attenuate the strains and to modulate the T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Trülzsch
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, D-80336 München, Germany.
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11
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Yue Q, Hu X, Yin W, Xu X, Wei S, Lei Y, Lü X, Yang J, Su M, Xu Z, Hao X. Immune responses to recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing fused core protein and preS1 peptide of hepatitis B virus in mice. J Virol Methods 2007; 141:41-8. [PMID: 17197041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated strains of bacteria have been developed as potential live vectors to express homologous or heterologous antigens of many pathogens for inducing protective immune responses. The non-pathogenic and rapidly growing Mycobacterium smegmatis can be transformed effectively by genes for pathogenic antigens, and has been used as a valuable vector for the development of live vaccines. However, little is known on whether M. smegmatis could be transformed with the genes for HBV antigens and could express those genes, and whether vaccination with recombinant M. smegmatis could induce humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo. Both the core protein and preS1 peptide of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are immunogenic and can induce cellular and humoral immune responses. This made them ideal platform for the development of new vaccines. In the present study, both recombinant M. smegmatis and DNA vaccines were generated to express the CS1 antigen, a fusion protein that comprises truncated core protein (amino acids 1-155) and preS1 peptide (amino acids 1-55) of HBV. Following vaccination of BALB/c mice with the live recombinant M. smegmatis, the CS1-based DNA vaccine, or controls, antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were characterized. Vaccination with live recombinant M. smegmatis induced a stronger cellular immune response and a longer period of humoral immune response than with the DNA vaccination. These results indicate that the recombinant M. smegmatis can express efficiently immunogenic CS1 antigen of HBV in vivo, and may be used for the prevention of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Yue
- Department of Microbiology [corrected] The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Rezende CAF, De Moraes MTB, De Souza Matos DC, McIntoch D, Armoa GRG. Humoral response and genetic stability of recombinant BCG expressing hepatitis B surface antigens. J Virol Methods 2005; 125:1-9. [PMID: 15737410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), long valued for its role as a live vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis, is being used as a recombinant delivery vehicle for foreign antigens, principally, for inducing long-lived specific humoral and cellular immunity. Hepatitis B and its sequelae are major public health problems. Although vaccines have been available for over 20 years the disease remains a significant global problem. Many factors contribute to vaccine failure to control hepatitis B, including attaining of adequate immune protection. In this study, a novel rBCG delivery system is described using non-integrative plasmids harboring hepatitis B surface antigen genes. This rBCG was able to elicit an anti-HBs response in BALB/c mice. The titres of anti-HBs response obtained using rBCG was relatively lower than that of the commercial vaccine used as positive control. In vivo or in vitro stability assays showed that the vector used to generate rBCG is stable in spite of being a non-integrative plasmid. In addition, the HBsAg proteins expression profiles were almost similar to those obtained using an Escherichia coli expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Aparecida Ferreira Rezende
- Department of Virology, Laboratory of Comparative Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), P.O. Box 926, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Goldrick BA. Once dismissed, still rampant: tuberculosis, the second deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Am J Nurs 2004; 104:68-70. [PMID: 15365347 DOI: 10.1097/00000446-200409000-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hu PQ, Tuma-Warrino RJ, Bryan MA, Mitchell KG, Higgins DE, Watkins SC, Salter RD. Escherichia coliExpressing Recombinant Antigen and Listeriolysin O Stimulate Class I-Restricted CD8+T Cells following Uptake by Human APC. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:1595-601. [PMID: 14734740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.3.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against cancer or intracellular pathogens requires stimulation of class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells. It is therefore important to develop Ag delivery vectors that will promote cross-presentation by APCs and stimulate appropriate inflammatory responses. Toward this goal, we tested the potential of Escherichia coli as an Ag delivery vector in in vitro human culture. Bacteria expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were internalized efficiently by dendritic cells, as shown by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Phenotypic changes in DC were observed, including up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and IL-12p40 production. We tested whether bacteria expressing recombinant Ags could stimulate human T cells using the influenza matrix protein as a model Ag. Specific responses against an immunodominant epitope were seen using IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays when the matrix protein was coexpressed with listeriolysin O, but not when expressed alone. THP-1 macrophages were also capable of stimulating T cells after uptake of bacteria, but showed slower kinetics and lower overall levels of T cell stimulation than dendritic cells. Increased phagocytosis of bacteria induced by differentiation of THP-1 increased their ability to stimulate T cells, as did opsonization. Presentation was blocked by proteasome inhibitors, but not by lysosomal protease inhibitors leupeptin and E64. These results demonstrate that recombinant E. coli can be engineered to direct Ags to the cytosol of human phagocytic APCs, and suggest possible vaccine strategies for generating CD8(+) T cell responses against pathogens or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Q Hu
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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