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Kasimir M, Behrens M, Humpf HU. Release of Small Phenolic Metabolites from Isotopically Labeled 13C Lignin in the Pig Cecum Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8317-8325. [PMID: 35770971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A diet with a high dietary fiber content is often recommended in today's nutrition due to several beneficial health effects related to its intake. Lignin as a part of dietary fiber is the second most abundant natural polymer and considered to be stable during digestion. However, some studies indicate a partial degradation during the intestinal metabolism. To further elucidate this hypothesis, the aim of this study was to investigate whether lignin is metabolized by the gut microbiota using the ex vivo pig cecum model. As potential lignin-derived metabolites might already naturally occur in the pig cecal matrix, an approach using isotopically labeled 13C lignin was chosen for this study. Ten small phenolic lignin degradation products and their time-dependent metabolism were identified via an untargeted HPLC-HRMS approach, and the quantity of the metabolites was estimated. From the results, we conclude that lignin is partially degraded releasing small phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kasimir
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Behrens
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Maukonen J, Aura AM, Niemi P, Raza GS, Niemelä K, Walkowiak J, Mattila I, Poutanen K, Buchert J, Herzig KH. Interactions of Insoluble Residue from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Brewer's Spent Grain with Intestinal Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3748-3756. [PMID: 28441866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the major side-stream from brewing. As BSG is rich in dietary fiber and protein, it could be used in more valuable applications, such as nutritional additives for foods. Our aim was to elucidate whether an insoluble lignin-rich fraction (INS) from BSG is metabolized by mice gut microbiota and how it affects the microbiota. Our results indicated that lignin was partially degraded by the gut microbiota, degradation products were absorbed, and finally excreted in urine. Therefore, they contribute to the phenolic pool circulating in the mammalian body, and may have systemic effects on health. In addition, the effects of the test diets on the microbiota were significant. Most interestingly, diversities of predominant cecal and fecal bacteria were higher after the intervention diet containing INS than after the intervention diet containing cellulose. Since low fecal bacterial diversity has been linked with numerous diseases and disorders, the diversity increasing ability opens very interesting perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Maukonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Gulam Shere Raza
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Klaus Niemelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Johanna Buchert
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Ohra-aho T, Niemi P, Aura AM, Orlandi M, Poutanen K, Buchert J, Tamminen T. Structure of Brewer's Spent Grain Lignin and Its Interactions with Gut Microbiota in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:812-20. [PMID: 26751846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is part of dietary fiber, but its conversion in the gastrointestinal tract is not well understood. The aim of this work was to obtain structural information on brewer's spent grain (BSG) lignin and to understand the behavior of the polymeric part of lignin exposed to fecal microbiota. The original BSG and different lignin fractions were characterized by pyrolysis-GC/MS with and without methylation. Methylation pyrolysis proved that the ratio between guaiacyl and syringyl units was similar in all lignin samples, but the ratio between p-coumaric and ferulic acids varied by the isolation method. Combined pyrolysis results indicated higher acylation of γ-OH groups in syringyl than in guaiacyl lignin units. The polymeric lignin structure in the alkali-soluble fraction after enzymatic hydrolysis was slightly altered in the in vitro colon fermentation, whereas lignin in the insoluble residue after enzymatic treatments remained intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Ohra-aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, I-20126 Italy
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Johanna Buchert
- Natural Resources Institute Finland , Viikinkaari 4, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Tamminen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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Aura AM, Niemi P, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Smeds A, Tamminen T, Faulds C, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Release of small phenolic compounds from brewer's spent grain and its lignin fractions by human intestinal microbiota in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9744-9753. [PMID: 24028071 DOI: 10.1021/jf4024195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the major side-stream from brewing, is rich in protein, lignin, and nonstarch polysaccharides. Lignin is a polyphenolic macromolecule considered resilient toward breakdown and utilization by colon microbiota, although some indications of release of small phenolic components from lignin in animals have been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate if the human intestinal microbiota can release lignans and small phenolic compounds from whole BSG, a lignin-enriched insoluble fraction from BSG and a deferuloylated fraction, in a metabolic in vitro colon model. The formation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was also investigated. More lignin-related monomers and dilignols were detected from the lignin-enriched fraction than from BSG or deferuloylated BSG. SCFA formation was not suppressed by any of the fractions. It was shown that small lignin-like compounds were released from these samples in the in vitro colon model, originating most likely from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
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Niemi P, Aura AM, Maukonen J, Smeds AI, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Tamminen T, Faulds CB, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Interactions of a lignin-rich fraction from brewer's spent grain with gut microbiota in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6754-6762. [PMID: 23768078 DOI: 10.1021/jf401738x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a constituent of plant cell walls and thus is classified as part of dietary fiber. However, little is known about the role of lignin in gastrointestinal fermentation. In this work, a lignin-rich fraction was prepared from brewer's spent grain and subjected to an in vitro colon model to study its potential bioconversions and interactions with fecal microbiota. No suppression of microbial conversion by the fraction was observed in the colon model, as measured as short-chain fatty acid production. Furthermore, no inhibition on the growth was observed when the fraction was incubated with strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In fact, the lignin-rich fraction enabled bifidobacteria to survive longer than with glucose. Several transiently appearing phenolic compounds, very likely originating from lignin, were observed during the fermentation. This would indicate that the gut microbiota was able to partially degrade lignin and metabolize the released compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- Bio and Process Technology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
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Grilli DJ, Cerón ME, Paez S, Egea V, Schnittger L, Cravero S, Escudero MS, Allegretti L, Arenas GN. Isolation of Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans from rumen of Creole goats fed native forage diet. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:367-73. [PMID: 23275250 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and identified functional groups of bacteria in the rumen of Creole goats involved in ruminal fermentation of native forage shrubs. The functional bacterial groups were evaluated by comparing the total viable, total anaerobic, cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic bacterial counts in the samples taken from fistulated goats fed native forage diet (Atriplex lampa and Prosopis flexuosa). Alfalfa hay and corn were used as control diet. The roll tubes method increased the possibility of isolating and 16S rDNA gene sequencing allowed definitive identification of bacterial species involved in the ruminal fermentation. The starch and fiber contents of the diets influenced the number of total anaerobic bacteria and fibrolytic and amylolytic functional groups. Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans were the main species isolated and identified. The identification of bacterial strains involved in the rumen fermentation helps to explain the ability of these animals to digest fiber plant cell wall contained in native forage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Grilli
- Cátedra de Bacteriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Physiological adaptation to the humid tropics with special reference to the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:1005-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Qiao HY, Dahiya JP, Classen HL. Nutritional and physiological effects of dietary sinapic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid) in broiler chickens and its metabolism in the digestive tract. Poult Sci 2008; 87:719-26. [PMID: 18339994 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinapic acid (SA) is a major free phenolic acid in rapeseed meal, with the majority found in the esterified form of sinapine. Two experiments were conducted to delineate the effect of dietary SA on broiler chickens, in terms of performance, toxicity, and nutrient digestibility. In the first experiment, 80 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 diets adequate in all nutrients and containing 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20% dietary SA. Performance from 0 to 18 d of age and the relative size of all the internal organs and intestines were not affected (all P>0.05) by dietary treatment. In addition, dietary SA had no effect (P>0.05) on the serum activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, which indicated that there was no damage to skeletal muscle, heart muscle, liver, kidneys, or brain. The objectives of the second experiment were to investigate the effect of SA on nutrient retention and to study the retention of SA in the digestive tract. Male broiler chicks (96) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments containing dietary SA at 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.10%. Dietary SA at the 0.025% level increased feed intake compared with control (P<0.05). Regression analysis indicated a quadratic response for both weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05) as SA increased in the diet. Again, dietary SA did not affect the relative weights of bursa of Fabricius, liver, kidney, or digestive tract. Nitrogen-corrected AME and protein digestibility were not affected by SA level. A negative linear relationship was found between dietary SA level and apparent ileal digestibility of Met, Thr, Ser, Pro, Gly, Ala, and Phe. Sinapic acid disappearance in the ileum was above 97% for all SA levels, whereas apparent SA retention in excreta ranged from 64 to 79%. Sinapic acid at dietary levels investigated in this research is apparently not toxic to broiler chickens but may have a negative effect on amino acid digestibility at higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Qiao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
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Misra A, Singh K. Effect of water deprivation on dry matter intake, nutrient utilization and metabolic water production in goats under semi-arid zone of India. Small Rumin Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(02)00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of either once or twice daily concentrate supplementation of wheat straw on voluntary intake and digestion in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(02)00160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Silanikove N, Tagari H, Shkolnik A. Comparison of rate of passage, fermentation rate and efficiency of digestion of high fiber diet in desert Bedouin goats compared to Swiss Saanen Goats. Small Rumin Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(93)90037-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Silanikove N. Effects of water scarcity and hot environment on appetite and digestion in ruminants: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(06)80009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Silanikove N, Brosh A, Holzer Z, Levy D. Urea treatment of green panic: effect on in vivo digestibility and on digesta mean retention time. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90118-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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