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Fernández EB, de Blas Giral I, Lilly G, Rodrigues JB, Vázquez Bringas FJ. Dental health and management practices of donkeys in the UK: What should we be considering? EQUINE VET EDUC 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio de Blas Giral
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Gemma Lilly
- Research and Operational Support Department The Donkey Sanctuary Sidmouth UK
| | - Joao B. Rodrigues
- Research and Operational Support Department The Donkey Sanctuary Sidmouth UK
| | - Francisco José Vázquez Bringas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
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2
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The Possibility of Including Donkey Meat and Milk in the Food Chain: A Southern African Scenario. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091073. [PMID: 35565500 PMCID: PMC9100258 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The demand for donkey products such as meat and milk has increased in recent years, as new information on the health benefits of the products is becoming more available. Recent nutritional trends have shown a preference for nutritional and functional foods, giving consumers more options to choose from. Donkey products are seen as valuable foods that contain appreciable nutraceutical properties. However, less information is available on their optimal management practices, and their level of introduction to the food chain remains minimal. Increasing awareness of the importance of donkey products will increase their productivity and accelerate the introduction of these products into the food chain. This review aims to document available information on donkey products and factors affecting their introduction into the food chain, quoting different scenarios from the Southern African region. Abstract Animal proteins are essential for the optimal growth and health of humans. Meat and milk are common sources of protein, mostly produced by ruminants. The agrarian challenges experienced around the world warrant sourcing alternative proteins from animals that can withstand harsh environmental conditions to produce quality proteins. Donkeys (Equus asinus) are known to survive on low husbandry and inferior quality forage to produce meat and milk, which have been used since ancient times. However, the commercialisation of these products has not flourished due to product scarcity, low production rates, and consumer preferences. Recent discoveries and the quest to look for alternative sources of protein have sparked studies on donkey products. In addition, milk and meat from donkeys have active ingredients that could also contribute to curing diseases. Donkey milk is believed to contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antidiabetic properties. In many countries, particularly in Africa, the consumption of donkey meat and milk has not been fully adopted due to a lack of knowledge and legislation regarding production.
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Comparison of Feed Digestibility between Ponies, Standardbreds and Andalusian Horses Fed Three Different Diets. Vet Sci 2021; 9:vetsci9010015. [PMID: 35051099 PMCID: PMC8778529 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponies and some horse breeds such as Andalusians exhibit an 'easy keeper' phenotype and tend to become obese more readily than other breeds such as Standardbreds. Various hypotheses have been proposed, including differences in appetite or metabolic efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breed on nutrient digestibility. Ponies, Standardbreds and Andalusian horses were adapted to consuming either a control fibre-based diet (n = 9), a hypercaloric cereal-rich diet (n = 12) or a hypercaloric fat-rich diet (n = 12) over 20 weeks. Total faecal collection was performed over 24 h to determine apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), starch, crude protein and crude fat. There was no effect of breed on apparent digestibility for any of the nutrients studied (all p > 0.05). However, there was a significant effect of diet, with animals consuming the cereal-rich or fat-rich diets demonstrating higher digestibility of gross energy, DM, NDF and crude protein compared with those consuming the control diet (all p < 0.05). Animals adapted to the cereal-rich diet demonstrated higher digestibility of starch (p < 0.001) and animals adapted to the fat-rich diet demonstrated higher digestibility of fat (p < 0.001). This study found that horses and ponies had similar nutrient digestibility when adapted to the same diets and management conditions. Limitations included the relatively small number of animals from each breed per diet group and the short period of total faecal collection. The tendency towards increased adiposity in ponies and Andalusian-type horse breeds is more likely to reflect differences in metabolism, rather than differences in feed digestibility.
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Hansen TL, Fowler AL, Harlow BE, Hayes SH, Crum A, Lawrence LM. Modeling digesta retention in horses fed high or low neutral detergent fiber concentration forages. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Grev AM, Hathaway MR, Sheaffer CC, Wells MS, Reiter AS, Martinson KL. Apparent digestibility, fecal particle size, and mean retention time of reduced lignin alfalfa hay fed to horses. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6278476. [PMID: 34013333 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has the potential to provide a higher-quality forage source for livestock by improving forage digestibility. This study was conducted to evaluate apparent digestibility when feeding reduced lignin and nonreduced lignin alfalfa hay to adult horses, and to examine mean fecal particle size (MFPS) and mean retention time (MRT) between alfalfa forage types. In 2017, reduced lignin ("54HVX41") and nonreduced lignin ("WL355.RR") alfalfa hay was harvested in Minnesota at the late-bud stage. Alfalfa hays were similar in crude protein (CP; 199 g/kg), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 433 g/kg), and digestible energy (2.4 Mcal/kg). Acid detergent lignin concentrations were lower for reduced lignin alfalfa hay (74 g/kg) compared to nonreduced lignin alfalfa hay (81 g/kg). Dietary treatments were fed to six adult, stock-type horses in a crossover study. Experimental periods consisted of a 9-d dietary adaptation phase followed by a 5-d total fecal collection phase, during which horses were housed in individual boxstalls and manure was removed on a continuous 24-h basis. At 12-h intervals, feces were thoroughly mixed, subsampled in duplicate, and used for apparent digestibility and MFPS analysis. On day 2 of the fecal collection phase, horses were fed two indigestible markers, cobalt (Co) and ytterbium (Yb), which were fed as Co-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Yb-labeled NDF residue, respectively. Additional fecal samples were taken at 2-h intervals following marker dosing until 96-h post-dosing to evaluate digesta MRT. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with statistical significance set at P ≤0.05. Dietary treatment (i.e., alfalfa hay type) was included as a fixed effect, while experimental period and horse were considered random effects. Dietary treatments were similar in dry matter intake (1.6% bodyweight) and time to consumption (7.6 h). Apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) was greater for reduced lignin alfalfa (64.4%) compared to nonreduced lignin alfalfa (61.7%). Apparent CP and NDF digestibility did not differ between dietary treatments, averaging 78% and 45%, respectively. Dietary treatments were similar in MFPS (0.89 mm) and MRT for both liquid (23.7 h) and solid (27.4 h) phase material. These results indicate an improvement in DMD for reduced lignin alfalfa hay when fed to adult horses, with no change in forage consumption, fecal particle size, or digesta retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Grev
- Western Maryland Research and Education Center, University of Maryland Extension, 18330 Keedysville Road, Keedysville, MD 21756, USA
| | - Marcia R Hathaway
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1364 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Craig C Sheaffer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - M Scott Wells
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amanda S Reiter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 17 Manter Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Krishona L Martinson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1364 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Abstract
Equine obesity is common, reducing quality of life and requiring dietary energy restriction. Equine obesity is identified using subjective body condition scoring. Considerations are given for life stage and health status when managing obese equines. Every effort should be made to maximize feeding duration, and minimize time spent without feed while meeting all essential nutrient requirements. Limiting total daily dry matter intake to 2% of current bodyweight per day of a low caloric, forage-based diet may result in adequate body weight loss. Weight loss and weight management plans should be monitored for success and potential gastrointestinal, metabolic, and/or behavioral complications.
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Fernandes KA, Rogers CW, Gee EK, Fitch G, Bolwell CF, Kittelmann S, Bermingham EN, Thomas DG. Comparison of gastrointestinal transit times in stabled Thoroughbred horses fed freshly cut pasture and three conserved forage-based diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tassone S, Fortina R, Valle E, Cavallarin L, Raspa F, Boggero S, Bergero D, Giammarino M, Renna M. Comparison of In Vivo and In Vitro Digestibility in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2100. [PMID: 33198168 PMCID: PMC7696042 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared in vivo and in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility in donkeys using feces as microbial inoculum. Four donkeys were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were fed two types of hay, with or without flaked barley. For the in vivo procedure, total feces were collected for 6 days from each donkey; digestibility was calculated as the difference between ingested and excreted DM and NDF. For the in vitro procedure, donkey feces were buffered and used as microbial inoculum in an Ankom DaisyII Incubator; digestibility was estimated after 60 h of incubation. In vivo results showed that the addition of barley to hays did not change the digestibility values. In vivo estimates were higher than in vitro ones. The equations used to predict in vivo estimates from in vitro data were not reliable (R2 = 0.47 and 0.21; P = 0.003 and 0.078 for NDF and DM digestibility, respectively). Further studies need to evaluate different sample size and digestion times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tassone
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Riccardo Fortina
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.V.); (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Federica Raspa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.V.); (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Silvia Boggero
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.V.); (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Mauro Giammarino
- Department of Prevention, Asl TO3, Veterinary Service, Area Animal Sanity, Via Torino 62, 10045 Piossasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.V.); (F.R.); (D.B.); (M.R.)
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Effect of Dietary Forage/Concentrate Ratio on Nutrient Digestion and Energy and Protein Metabolism in Adult Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061025. [PMID: 32545612 PMCID: PMC7341318 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, the donkey husbandry industry has developed rapidly, catering for their use in pharmaceutical, meat and milk production. However, compared with horses and other livestock, animal feeding studies have not been addressed to understand how nutrient digestion and metabolism are limited in donkeys. In this paper, the effect of the forage/concentrate ratio (F/C) in three experimental diets (low-fiber ration, medium-fiber ration and high-fiber ration) was investigated on N and energy balance using the total feces and urine collected method in a 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design. Decreasing the F/C significantly promoted protein digestibility and decreased fiber digestibility; increasing the F/C remarkably decreased N retention through the greater increase in N excretion in urine; decreasing the F/C linearly increased the conversion efficiency of digestible energy to metabolizable energy. Abstract The domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements; however, limited feeding studies have been addressed so far to understand nutrient digestion and metabolism in donkeys. In the present study, six adult female Xinjiang donkeys (180 ± 10 kg live weight) were applied in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to investigate the effect of the forage/concentrate ratio (F/C) in three experimental diets on N and energy balance within 12 weeks. Rice straw and alfalfa hay were chosen as forage ingredients, and the diets included the following: (1) a high-fiber (HF) ration (F/C = 80:20), (2) a medium-fiber (MF) ration (F/C = 55:45), and (3) a low-fiber (LF) ration (35:45). After the fixed amount of diets were daily allowed to the animals, total feces and urine were collected to determine total tract digestibility, N and energy balance. As a result, dry matter intake did not differ among the three diet groups. Decreasing the dietary F/C significantly promoted protein digestibility and decreased fiber digestibility. The N and energy balance analysis showed that increasing the F/C remarkably (p < 0.01) decreased N retention through the increase in N excretion in urine, and the highest N loss relative to N intake was observed in MF. Meanwhile, decreasing the F/C linearly increased the conversion efficiency of digestible energy to metabolizable energy. Taken together, the results obtained in the present study implicated that the dietary forage level should not be less than 55% to maintain greater N and energy utilization in feeding practice, otherwise, a donkey’s N utilization might be highly discounted.
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Digestibility and Retention Time of Coastal Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon) Hay by Horses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121148. [PMID: 31847350 PMCID: PMC6940996 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Longer retention of forages with increased fiber concentrations may be a compensatory digestive strategy in horses. We investigated the digestive characteristics of bermudagrass hay, a prominent warm-season grass in the southeast United States that has greater fiber concentrations than other common forages fed to horses. The morphological structure and photosynthetic pathway of warm-season grasses differ from cool-season grasses and legumes which may have important impacts on equine digestion and digesta transit through the gastrointestinal tract. The retention time of Coastal bermudagrass was longer than alfalfa or orchardgrass hay. The digestibility of Coastal bermudagrass decreased with increasing maturity, but the fiber digestibility of alfalfa and orchardgrass was similar to the earliest maturity of Coastal bermudagrass hay. The chemical composition of the plant cell wall influences diet digestibility and is a major difference between warm-season and cool-season forages. The increased retention time of Coastal bermudagrass allows for microbial fermentation to occur longer, adapting to more difficult-to-digest plant cell walls in warm-season forages. The decrease in diet digestibility when horses consume warm-season forages can be reduced by feeding early maturity forage, by harvesting hay at an earlier stage of growth or managing pastures in a vegetative state. Abstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and other warm-season grasses are known for their increased fiber concentrations and reduced digestibility relative to cool-season grasses and legumes. This study investigated the digestive characteristics and passage kinetics of three maturities of Coastal bermudagrass hay. A 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment was used to compare the digestion of five hays: alfalfa (Medicago sativa, ALF), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata, ORCH), and Coastal bermudagrass harvested at 4 (CB 4), 6 (CB 6), and 8 weeks of regrowth (CB 8). Horses were fed cobalt-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Co-EDTA) and ytterbium (Yb) labeled neutral detergent fiber (NDF) before an 84-h total fecal collection to determine digesta retention time. Dry matter digestibility was greatest for ALF (62.1%) and least for CB 6 (36.0%) and CB 8 diets (36.8%, SEM = 2.1; p < 0.05). Mean retention time was longer (p < 0.05) for Coastal bermudagrass (particulate 31.3 h, liquid 25.3 h) compared with ORCH and ALF (28.0 h, SEM = 0.88 h; 20.7 h, SEM = 0.70 h). Further evaluation of digesta passage kinetics through mathematical modeling indicated ALF had distinct parameters compared to the other diets. Differences in digestive variables between forage types are likely a consequence of fiber physiochemical properties, warranting further investigation on forage fiber and digestive health.
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Abstract
The domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements. This article examines the importance of feeding strategies that mimic the donkey's natural environment using poor nutritional quality fibers and access to browsing materials. The relationship between nutrition and health is examined and practical approaches to the healthy and sick donkey are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Burden
- Research Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Slade House Farm, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK.
| | - Nicola Bell
- Research Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Slade House Farm, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK
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A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060315. [PMID: 31159459 PMCID: PMC6616590 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in dairy donkey farms in Europe, as a consequence of the increasing scientific interest in donkey milk for paediatric nutrition, has led to the need for a better understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. Taking into account the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, the aim of this review has been to obtain insight into good feeding welfare principles, in order to identify and discuss the nutritional requirements, the farm management requirements and the animal-based indicators that may be used to achieve an overall assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria of dairy donkeys. Abstract Data are available in the scientific literature concerning the quality and usefulness of donkey milk for human consumption. However, there is a lack of studies related to the understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. The only attempt, at a European Union level, to assess the welfare of donkeys is that of the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, where the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria have been assessed, but only through the evaluation of the body condition score. However, several other indicators that take into account the importance of good feeding welfare principles should be considered for the correct management of dairy donkeys. Therefore, it is hoped that this review of the available scientific literature will be useful to help establish a set of appropriate welfare requirements and indicators for the management of dairy donkeys. The review is aimed at identifying and discussing other requirements and indicators, such as nutritional requirements, farm management requirements and animal-based indicators, which may be important for the correct assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria and to establish best practices for the feeding of dairy donkeys.
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Tassone S, Renna M, Barbera S, Valle E, Fortina R. In Vitro Digestibility Measurement of Feedstuffs in Donkeys Using the Daisy II Incubator. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 75:122-126. [PMID: 31002085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Successful studies on in vitro digestibility measurement of feedstuffs with fecal inoculum have been reported for horses, whereas data on donkeys are currently lacking. In this study, we evaluated the use of the DaisyII Incubator for in vitro digestibility measurement of feedstuffs using donkey feces as source of microbial inoculum. The method was tested using seven feedstuffs commonly used in donkey diets (alfalfa, bromegrass, ryegrass, and timothy hays; wheat bran and wheat straw; barley grains). Feces were obtained from four female donkeys, and incubations were carried out at 1-week intervals for four consecutive weeks. Two bags of each feedstuff were incubated in digestion vessels containing a buffer/feces solution (90:10). In vitro apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD), true dry matter digestibility (IVTD), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) were evaluated at four incubation times: 30, 48, 60, and 72 hours. All digestibility parameters significantly increased from 30 to 72 hours of incubation. At 72 hours of incubation, the within-laboratory repeatability and reproducibility of the method were 2.7% and 5.0% for DMD and 1.6% and 3.9% for IVTD, respectively. The method was less repeatable and reproducible for NDFD (4.5% and 10.4%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tassone
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Barbera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fortina
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Donkey Nutrition and Feeding: Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Allowances—A Review and Prospect. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morones E, Mendoza GD, Martínez JA, Plata FX, Palancares C, Hernández PA. Effect of Mineral Block Supplementation on In Vivo Digestibility and In Vitro Gas Production With Equine Fecal Bacteria. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Retention of solute and particle markers in the digestive tract of captive Somali wild asses (Equus africanus somaliensis). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zakari FO, Ayo JO, Rekwot PI, Kawu MU. Influence of season on daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. J Equine Sci 2016; 26:105-11. [PMID: 26858575 PMCID: PMC4739140 DOI: 10.1294/jes.26.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of season on behavioral
activities of donkeys during the rainy and harmattan seasons in the Northern Guinea zone of Nigeria. Sixteen
apparently healthy donkeys were used as subjects and divided into four groups based on age. During each
season, behavioral activities of each donkey were evaluated for three weeks using the focal animal sampling
technique. The dry-bulb temperature (DBT), relative humidity (RH), and temperature-humidity index (THI) were
obtained three times each day during the experimental period using standard procedures. In the rainy season,
the mean DBT (31.65 ± 0.49°C), RH (73.63 ± 1.09%), and THI (84.39 ± 0.71) were significantly (P<0.0001)
higher than the corresponding values of 24.00 ± 0.44°C, 36.80 ± 0.92%, and 64.80 ± 0.62 in the harmattan
season. During the rainy season, the donkeys spent 60.00 ± 0.77%, 25.40 ± 0.69%, and 2.94 ± 0.21% on grazing,
resting, and grooming, respectively. During the harmattan season, the donkeys spent the most time on grazing
(76.76 ± 0.43%), less time on resting (11.97 ± 0.38%), and the least time on grooming (0.89 ± 0.05%). In
conclusion, season and seasonal variations affect the daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the zone,
and this should be considered in husbandry practices for donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ocheja Zakari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ibrahim Rekwot
- National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1096, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Umar Kawu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
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Clauss M, Steuer P, Erlinghagen-Lückerath K, Kaandorp J, Fritz J, Südekum KH, Hummel J. Faecal particle size: Digestive physiology meets herbivore diversity. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 179:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Reus ML, Cappa FM, Andino N, Campos VE, de los Ríos C, Campos CM. Trophic interactions between the native guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the exotic donkey (Equus asinus) in the hyper-arid Monte desert (Ischigualasto Park, Argentina). STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2014.948772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miyaji M, Ueda K, Hata H, Kondo S. Effect of grass hay intake on fiber digestion and digesta retention time in the hindgut of horses. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1574-81. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Miyaji
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - K. Ueda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - H. Hata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - S. Kondo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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Rodrigues JB, Ferreira LM, Bastos E, San Roman F, Viegas C, Santos A. Influence of dental correction on nociceptive test responses, fecal appearance, body condition score, and apparent digestibility coefficient for dry matter of Zamorano-leonés donkeys (Equus asinus)1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4765-71. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
- Department of Surgery and Animal Medicine, Avd.Puerta de Hierro s/n, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 28040
| | - L. M. Ferreira
- CECAV- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
| | - E. Bastos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
| | - F. San Roman
- Department of Surgery and Animal Medicine, Avd.Puerta de Hierro s/n, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 28040
| | - C. Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
- Department of Polymer Engineering, ICVS/3B's Research Group–Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal 4806-909
| | - A.S. Santos
- CECAV- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 5001-801
- University School Vasco da Gama, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Castelo Viegas, Portugal 3040-714
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Earing JE, Lawrence LM, Hayes SH, Brummer M, Vanzant E. Digestive capacity in weanling and mature horses1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2151-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. H. Hayes
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - M. Brummer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - E. Vanzant
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
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Clauss M, Schiele K, Ortmann S, Fritz J, Codron D, Hummel J, Kienzle E. The effect of very low food intake on digestive physiology and forage digestibility in horses. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:107-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Schiele
- Institute of Physiology; Physiological Chemistry and Animal Nutrition; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - S. Ortmann
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW); Berlin Gemany
| | - J. Fritz
- Institute of Physiology; Physiological Chemistry and Animal Nutrition; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - D. Codron
- Clinic for Zoo Animals; Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Hummel
- Ruminant Nutrition; Department of Animal Sciences; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - E. Kienzle
- Institute of Physiology; Physiological Chemistry and Animal Nutrition; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
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Effects of feeding state on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to a starchy meal in horses: a methodological approach. Animal 2012; 3:1246-53. [PMID: 22444900 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A standardised methodology is required for classification of starchy diets. One important question is what feeding status is optimal to describe glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the respective starchy diet. Four horses were fed, in a randomised order, four different feeding protocols relative to offering hay before or after cracked corn (CC): (i) ad libitum hay for 12 h before feeding CC and ad libitum hay after CC intake for 9 h (+CC+), (ii) ad libitum hay for 12 h before feeding CC and no hay after CC intake for 9 h (+CC-), (iii) feed restriction for 12 h before feeding CC and ad libitum hay after CC intake for 9 h (-CC+) and (iv) 1.2 kg hay/100 kg body weight (BW) per day, divided into two equal portions and offered at 0900 h and 1900 h, feed restriction for 12 h before feeding CC and no hay after CC intake for 9 h (-CC-). CC intake was adjusted to a starch intake of 2 g/kg BW. The different hay offerings did not affect basal plasma glucose and insulin levels. A significant rise in plasma glucose and insulin was found after CC intake for all diets. The highest peak glucose levels were analysed for -CC+, and the lowest glucose peaks were found for +CC- (diet P < 0.05). The highest insulin peaks were monitored for -CC+ (31.27 ± 18.19 μU/ml) and lower peaks for +CC- (13.36 ± 2.93 μU/ml) (diet P < 0.05). Insulin for -CC- and +CC- returned to resting values about 300 min after CC feeding. For +CC+ and -CC+, insulin levels were still above resting levels 510 min after CC intake (diet P < 0.05). The present data suggest that feed restriction for 12 h before feeding the starchy diet and no further roughage intake during blood sampling period provide the best-defined conditions.
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Steuer P, Südekum KH, Müller DW, Franz R, Kaandorp J, Clauss M, Hummel J. Is there an influence of body mass on digesta mean retention time in herbivores? A comparative study on ungulates. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Müller DW, Caton J, Codron D, Schwarm A, Lentle R, Streich WJ, Hummel J, Clauss M. Phylogenetic constraints on digesta separation: Variation in fluid throughput in the digestive tract in mammalian herbivores. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:207-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of quality and physical form of hay on mean retention time of digesta and total tract digestibility in horses. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Earing JE, Cassill BD, Hayes SH, Vanzant ES, Lawrence LM. Comparison of in vitro digestibility estimates using the DaisyII incubator with in vivo digestibility estimates in horses1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3954-63. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Retention of fluid and particles in captive tapirs (Tapirus sp.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ragnarsson S, Jansson A. Comparison of grass haylage digestibility and metabolic plasma profile in Icelandic and Standardbred horses. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:273-9. [PMID: 20796073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare digestibility and metabolic response in Icelandic and Standardbred horses fed two grass haylages harvested at different stages of maturity. Six horses of each breed were used in a 24-day change-over design. A total collection of faeces was made on days 15-17 and 22-24. Blood samples were collected on day 24 of each period and analysed for total plasma protein (TPP), plasma urea, non-esterified fatty acids, cortisol and insulin concentration. There were no differences in digestibility coefficients of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre or energy between breeds but organic matter digestibility was higher in the Standardbred horses. On both haylages, the Icelandic horses gained weight whereas the Standardbred horses lost weight. The Icelandic horses had higher TPP, plasma insulin and lower plasma urea concentrations. Our results indicate that the Icelandic horse may be more prone to maintain positive energy balance in relation to the Standardbred horse, but there were no indication of a better digestive capacity in the Icelandic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ragnarsson
- Department of Equine Science, Hólar University College, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.
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Foraging in a heterogeneous environment—An experimental study of the trade-off between intake rate and diet quality. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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MEYER K, HUMMEL J, CLAUSS M. The relationship between forage cell wall content and voluntary food intake in mammalian herbivores. Mamm Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2010.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Rosenfeld I, Austbø D. Effect of type of grain and feed processing on gastrointestinal retention times in horses1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3991-6. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gatta D, Casini L, Magni L, Liponi GB. Apparent digestibility of three diets in the Amiata breed donkey during lactation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gatta
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Casini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Livio Magni
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
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Jouany JP, Gobert J, Medina B, Bertin G, Julliand V. Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:339-47. [PMID: 17911241 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight crossbred male horses aged 12 +/- 5 yr and with BW of 305 +/- 18 kg were used in pairs in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4 ground and pelleted diets. Each pair included a cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated animal and a cecal-fistulated animal. The 4 horse diets were a high-fiber diet (HF+0) based on dehydrated alfalfa, a high-starch diet based on barley and wheat bran (HS+0), and the HF or HS diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) CBS 493.94 (HF+SC and HS+SC). The probiotic preparation contained 4.5 x 10(9) cfu/g of live yeast mixed with the culture medium, and was top-dressed onto the feed pellets at a rate of 10 g/d, equally distributed between the 2 daily meals. All 4 diets were offered in the same quantities (18.0 g of pelleted feed DM + 3.5 g of long wheat straw/kg of BW per d). Each of the 4 experimental treatments was divided into a 21-d period of diet adaptation followed by a 10-d period of total fecal collection for digesta flow rate and apparent digestibility measurements. Three markers were used to measure mean retention time (MRT) of the feed particles: Yb bound to the pelleted feeds for MRT in the whole digestive tract (MRT(Yb)), Eu bound to the pelleted feeds, and Dy bound to the fecal particles for MRT in the hindgut (MRT(Eu) and MRT(Dy)). Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP were greater (P < 0.001) in the HS than HF diet, independently of SC supplementation, whereas ADF digestibility was greatest in the HF diet (P = 0.035). Cellulolytic activity estimated through the in vitro disappearance rate of the dietary ADF fraction (IVAD(ADF)) was less (P < 0.001) in the HS than the HF diet. There was no dietary effect on NDF digestibility due to the longer MRT(Eu) of small particles in the hindgut (P = 0.036), which compensated for the lower fibrolytic activity expressed per unit of time in the HS compared with the HF diet. Supplementation with SC improved ADF digestibility (P = 0.038) and stimulated DM (P = 0.030) and NDF (P = 0.038) intakes, but had no effect on the MRT of solid digesta. The absence of any significant diet x SC interaction supports the strategy of using SC to stimulate cellulose digestion and improve the nutritional status of horses under both HF and HS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Jouany
- INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France
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MIYAJI M, UEDA K, NAKATSUJI H, TOMIOKA T, KOBAYASHI Y, HATA H, KONDO S. Mean retention time of digesta in the different segments of the equine hindgut. Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Clauss M, Schwarm A, Ortmann S, Streich WJ, Hummel J. A case of non-scaling in mammalian physiology? Body size, digestive capacity, food intake, and ingesta passage in mammalian herbivores. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 148:249-65. [PMID: 17643330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As gut capacity is assumed to scale linearly to body mass (BM), and dry matter intake (DMI) to metabolic body weight (BM(0.75)), it has been proposed that ingesta mean retention time (MRT) should scale to BM(0.25) in herbivorous mammals. We test these assumptions with the most comprehensive literature data collations (n=74 species for gut capacity, n=93 species for DMI and MRT) to date. For MRT, only data from studies was used during which DMI was also recorded. Gut capacity scaled to BM(1.06). In spite of large differences in feeding regimes, absolute DMI (kg/d) scaled to BM(0.76) across all species tested. Regardless of this allometry inherent in the dataset, there was only a very low allometric scaling of MRT with BM(0.14) across all species. If species were divided according to the morphophysiological design of their digestive tract, there was non-significant scaling of MRT with BM(0.04) in colon fermenters, BM(0.08) in non-ruminant foregut fermenters, BM(0.06) in browsing and BM(0.04) in grazing ruminants. In contrast, MRT significantly scaled to BM(0.24) (CI 0.16-0.33) in the caecum fermenters. The results suggest that below a certain body size, long MRTs cannot be achieved even though coprophagy is performed; this supports the assumption of a potential body size limitation for herbivory on the lower end of the body size range. However, above a 500 g-threshold, there is no indication of a substantial general increase of MRT with BM. We therefore consider ingesta retention in mammalian herbivores an example of a biological, time-dependent variable that can, on an interspecific level, be dissociated from a supposed obligatory allometric scaling by the morphophysiological design of the digestive tract. We propose that very large body size does not automatically imply a digestive advantage, because long MRTs do not seem to be a characteristic of very large species only. A comparison of the relative DMI (g/kg(0.75)) with MRT indicates that, on an interspecific level, higher intakes are correlated to shorter MRTs in caecum, colon and non-ruminant foregut fermenters; in contrast, no significant correlation between relative DMI and MRT is evident in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Clauss
- Division of Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pearson RA, Archibald RF, Muirhead RH. A comparison of the effect of forage type and level of feeding on the digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time of dry forages given to cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:88-98. [PMID: 16441920 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys were fed dehydrated lucerne, early-cut hay, later-cut hay or barley straw in a Latin square-based design for four periods of 35d. In the first sub-period animals were fed the dietsad libitum(1–21d) and in the second sub-period they were fed the same diet restricted to 0·75 ofad libitumintake (days 22–35). Measurements of forage intake, apparent digestibilities and gastrointestinal mean retention times (MRT) were made in the last 7d of each sub-period. Differences between species in voluntary DM intake (VDMI; g/kg live weight LW)0·75and g/LW) were greatest on the lucerne and least on barley straw. Cattle VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) compared with intake of the other species was > ponies > sheep > donkeys on lucerne. On barley straw VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) of cattle compared with intake of the other species was = donkey = ponies > sheep. VDMI of hays were intermediate between the lucerne and straw forages. Apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) of the lucerne and hays were higher in the ruminants than in the equids. Effect of feeding level was not significant. Gastrointestinal MRT was shorter in the equids than in the ruminants. On straw diets donkeys showed similar apparent digestibilities of feed components to those of the cattle, whilst apparent digestibility of the straw diet by the ponies was lowest. Results are discussed in relation to evolutionary differences in feeding and digestion strategy associated with fore- or hind-gut fermentation in ruminants and equids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pearson
- Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
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van Weyenberg S, Buyse J, Janssens GPJ. Digestibility of a complete ration in horses fed once or three times a day and correlation with key blood parameters. Vet J 2007; 173:311-6. [PMID: 16376126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the influence of feeding frequency on apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in horses, four geldings were fed a complete ration either once (at 08:00 h) or three times a day (at 08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h). Horses were provided with a mixture of cereals and chopped alfalfa hay at maintenance level for energy supply, 344 kJ/kg BW(0.75) on a daily basis. After three weeks' adaptation, total amounts of faeces and urine were collected for five days, using collection harnesses. Serial blood samples were taken at -30, -15, 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 480 and 600 min after feeding and analysed for glucose, L-lactate, triglycerides (TG), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and triiodothyronine (T(3)). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), ash and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the two feeding frequencies. Basal plasma glucose, plasma glucose curves and other plasma blood metabolites were not affected by meal frequency. The horses fed the whole ration in one morning feeding did not consume the entire meal at once, but spared feed for ingestion throughout the day, which may explain the lack of effect. Feeding frequency did not affect plasma glucose response (area under curve :AUC) (P=0.705), but AUC (glucose) was negatively correlated with CP (R(2)=0.76; P=0.005) and CF digestibility (R(2)=0.61; P=0.022). Further research is needed to clarify whether different endocrine responses or differences in passage rate can explain these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie van Weyenberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, University of Ghent, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Clauss M, Jürgen Streich W, Schwarm A, Ortmann S, Hummel J. The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups. OIKOS 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Treiber KH, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Byrd BM, Splan RK, Staniar WB. Evaluation of genetic and metabolic predispositions and nutritional risk factors for pasture-associated laminitis in ponies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228:1538-45. [PMID: 16677122 DOI: 10.2460/javma.228.10.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate genetic and metabolic predispositions and nutritional risk factors for development of pasture-associated laminitis in ponies. DESIGN Observational cohort study. ANIMALS 160 ponies. PROCEDURES A previous diagnosis of laminitis was used to differentiate 54 ponies (PL group) from 106 nonlaminitic ponies (NL group). Pedigree analysis was used to determine a mode of inheritance for ponies with a previous diagnosis of laminitis. In early March, ponies were weighed and scored for body condition and basal venous blood samples were obtained. Plasma was analyzed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and cortisol concentrations. Basal proxies for insulin sensitivity (reciprocal of the square root of insulin [RISQI]) and insulin secretory response (modified insulin-to-glucose ratio [MIRG]) were calculated. Observations were repeated in May, when some ponies had signs of clinical laminitis. RESULTS A previous diagnosis of laminitis was consistent with the expected inheritance of a dominant major gene or genes with reduced penetrance. A prelaminitic metabolic profile was defined on the basis of body condition, plasma triglyceride concentration, RISQI, and MIRG. Meeting > or = 3 of these criteria differentiated PL- from NL-group ponies with a total predictive power of 78%. Determination of prelaminitic metabolic syndrome in March predicted 11 of 13 cases of clinical laminitis observed in May when pasture starch concentration was high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prelaminitic metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy ponies is comparable to metabolic syndromes in humans and is the first such set of risk factors to be supported by data in equids. Prelaminitic metabolic syndrome identifies ponies requiring special management, such as avoiding high starch intake that exacerbates insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibby H Treiber
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
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Colunga GB, Arriaga-Jordán CM, Veláquez Beltran L, González-Ronquillo M, Smith DG, Estrada-Flores J, Rayas-Amor A, Castelán-Ortega OA. Participatory study on feeding strategies for working donkeys used by Campesino farmers in the highlands of central Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2005; 37 Suppl 1:143-57. [PMID: 16335076 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-005-9013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to describe the feeding strategies for donkeys used by peasant farmers in central Mexico. Feeding strategies for the dry and wet seasons are described, as well as the nutritional characteristics of the main forages and supplements used by the farmers. The extent to which the feeding practices used by farmers matched the digestible energy and crude protein requirements of donkeys for maintenance and work was determined. It was concluded that grazing on native grassland could provide enough energy and protein for donkeys at maintenance level and for those performing only a moderate amount of work. More research in required in order to have better estimates of intake and plant species preferred by donkeys under prevailing grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Colunga
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (CICA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, México
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Fluid and particle retention times in the black rhinocerosDiceros bicornis, a large hindgut-fermenting browser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03192632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lamoot I, Callebaut J, Demeulenaere E, Vandenberghe C, Hoffmann M. Foraging behaviour of donkeys grazing in a coastal dune area in temperate climate conditions. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Clauss M, Polster C, Kienzle E, Wiesner H, Baumgartner K, von Houwald F, Streich WJ, Dierenfeld E. Energy and mineral nutrition and water intake in the captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Zoo Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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