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Hao Z, Li Z, Huo J, Chu Y, Li J, Yu X, Liu F, Yin P. Effects of Chinese wolfberry and astragalus extracts on growth performance, pork quality, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism regulation in Tibetan fragrant pigs. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13581. [PMID: 34236125 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of wolfberry and astragalus extract on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Tibetan fragrant pigs, and we want to explain the mechanism of the difference from the level of RNA Seq. Twelve healthy 120-day-old Tibetan fragrant pigs weighing 35 ± 2 kg were divided randomly into two groups, each with six pigs. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the wolfberry and astragalus extract (WAE) group was fed a basal diet +1‰ of WAE. The experimental period was 90 days. Compared with the control group, the growth performance of the WAE group was significantly improved (p < .05), pork marble score significantly improved (p < .05), vitamin E content significantly increased (p < .05), unsaturated fatty acid content significantly increased (p < .05). A total of 256 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, among which 114 were up-regulated and 142 were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were related to biological functions, such as monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein decomposition, and lipase activity. Pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis regulation, glycerin metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide regulation in fat. WAE improved Tibetan fragrant pigs growth performance. By intervening in key genes related to fatty acid metabolism, the unsaturated fatty acid contents in pork were regulated, which improved the nutritional value of the pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Huo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yaocheng Chu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Durkin LA, Childs CE, Calder PC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Intestinal Epithelium-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010199. [PMID: 33478161 PMCID: PMC7835870 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells (enterocytes) form part of the intestinal barrier, the largest human interface between the internal and external environments, and responsible for maintaining regulated intestinal absorption and immunological control. Under inflammatory conditions, the intestinal barrier and its component enterocytes become inflamed, leading to changes in barrier histology, permeability, and chemical mediator production. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can influence the inflammatory state of a range of cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This review aims to assess the current literature detailing the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on epithelial cells. Marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid, are incorporated into intestinal epithelial cell membranes, prevent changes to epithelial permeability, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids and induce the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and docosanoids. Altered inflammatory markers have been attributed to changes in activity and/or expression of proteins involved in inflammatory signalling including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ, G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Effective doses for each ω-3 PUFA are difficult to determine due to inconsistencies in dose and time of exposure between different in vitro models and between in vivo and in vitro models. Further research is needed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of less-studied ω-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Durkin
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline E. Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Dewanckele L, Jing L, Stefańska B, Vlaeminck B, Jeyanathan J, Van Straalen W, Koopmans A, Fievez V. Distinct blood and milk 18-carbon fatty acid proportions and buccal bacterial populations in dairy cows differing in reticulorumen pH response to dietary supplementation of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4025-4040. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Yang C, Liu J, Wu X, Bao P, Long R, Guo X, Ding X, Yan P. The response of gene expression associated with lipid metabolism, fat deposition and fatty acid profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Gannan yaks to different energy levels of diets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187604. [PMID: 29121115 PMCID: PMC5679530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy available from the diet, which affects fat deposition in vivo, is a major factor in the expression of genes regulating fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Providing high-energy diets to yaks might increase intramuscular fat deposition and fatty acid concentrations under a traditional grazing system in cold seasons. A total of fifteen adult castrated male yaks with an initial body weight 274.3 ± 3.14 kg were analyzed for intramuscular adipose deposition and fatty acid composition. The animals were divided into three groups and fed low-energy (LE: 5.5 MJ/kg), medium-energy (ME: 6.2 MJ/kg) and high-energy (HE: 6.9 MJ/kg) diets, respectively. All animals were fed ad libitum twice daily at 08:00–09:00 am and 17:00–18:00 pm and with free access to water for 74 days, including a 14-d period to adapt to the diets and the environment. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, fatty acid profile and mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were determined. The energy levels of the diets significantly (P<0.05) affected the content of IMF, total SFA, total MUFA and total PUFA. C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1n9c account for a large proportion of total fatty acids. Relative expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was greater in HE than in LE yaks (P<0.05). Moreover, ME yaks had higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, ACACA, FASN, SCD and FABP4 than did the LE yaks. The results demonstrate that the higher energy level of the diets increased IMF deposition and fatty acid content as well as increased intramuscular lipogenic gene expression during the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Long
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RL); (XG); (XD); (PY)
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Ladeira MM, Schoonmaker JP, Gionbelli MP, Dias JCO, Gionbelli TRS, Carvalho JRR, Teixeira PD. Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060918. [PMID: 27294923 PMCID: PMC4926451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss the results of published studies that show how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and how diet manipulation might change marbling and composition of fat in beef. Several key points in the synthesis of fat in cattle take place at the molecular level, and the association of nutritional factors with the modulation of this metabolism is one of the recent targets of nutrigenomic research. Within this context, special attention has been paid to the study of nuclear receptors associated with fatty acid metabolism. Among the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) stand out. The mRNA synthesis of these transcription factors is regulated by nutrients, and their metabolic action might be potentiated by diet components and change lipogenesis in muscle. Among the options for dietary manipulation with the objective to modulate lipogenesis, the use of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch concentrations, forage ratios and vitamins stand out. Therefore, special care must be exercised in feedlot feed management, mainly when the goal is to produce high marbling beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Jon P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlio C O Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
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Conte G, Jeronimo E, Serra A, Bessa RJ, Mele M. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on Stearoyl CoA-Desaturase gene expression in intramuscular lipids of lamb. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Renaville B, Bacciu N, Lanzoni M, Corazzin M, Piasentier E. Polymorphism of fat metabolism genes as candidate markers for meat quality and production traits in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2015; 110:220-3. [PMID: 26255706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High meat quality is required for dry-cured ham production, which quality depends on meat fat quantity and composition. The aim was to study the polymorphisms of six genes involved in fat metabolism, namely, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (DGAT1 &DGAT2), Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and Heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in two traditional (Large White or Duroc × (Landrace × Large White)) and two industrial hybrids (Goland and Danbred), which are used for dry-cured ham production. Significant associations of SCD and MTTP were found with carcass weight. DGAT2 was associated with back fat thickness and L* fat colour (objective white colour score). Several genes (DGAT2, MTTP &FASN) were associated with weight loss during salting, first step in dry-cured ham production, affecting final yield. Finally, MTTP was associated with shear force. Our findings suggest that the SCD, DGAT2, MTTP and FASN polymorphisms are associated with quality of heavy pig meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Renaville
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Italy.
| | - N Bacciu
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - M Lanzoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Italy
| | - M Corazzin
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E Piasentier
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Oliveira DM, Chalfun-Junior A, Chizzotti ML, Barreto HG, Coelho TC, Paiva LV, Coelho CP, Teixeira PD, Schoonmaker JP, Ladeira MM. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin supplementation. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5426-36. [PMID: 25403202 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Degree of unsaturation of fatty acids, which is influenced by lipid source and level of metabolism in the rumen, is a major determinant in how dietary lipids affect genes that regulate beef marbling. A total of 28 Red Norte bulls with an initial live weight of 361±32 kg (P>0.05) were used in a completely randomized experimental design to analyze the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi (LD) when diets contained soybean grain or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin. Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial, with 4 treatments and 7 replicates per treatment. Half of the animals that received soybean or rumen-protected fat were supplemented with 230 mg head(-1) d(-1) of monensin. Gene expression was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the LD muscle was not affected by lipid source or monensin (P>0.05). There was an interaction effect (P<0.05) between lipid source and monensin for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression, where greater gene expression was found in animals fed soybean plus monensin and the lower gene expression was found in animals fed rumen-protected fat plus monensin. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were greater (P<0.05) in the LD muscle of animals fed soybean. Monensin had no effect on LPL and FABP4 expression when soybean without monensin was fed, but when rumen-protected fat was fed, monensin increased LPL expression and decreased FABP4 expression (P<0.05). Linoleic and arachidonic acids had negative correlations (P<0.05) with the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, FABP4, and LPL genes. PPAR-α gene expression was not correlated with SREBP-1c but was positively correlated with SCD, FABP4, LPL, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) gene expression (P<0.001). Lipid sources and monensin interact and alter the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, acetyl CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), LPL, FABP4, and GPX1. These changes in gene expression were most associated with arachidonic and α-linolenic acids and the ability of lipid sources and monensin to increase these fatty acids in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - A Chalfun-Junior
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - M L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36.570-000
| | - H G Barreto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil, 77.402-970
| | - T C Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - L V Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - C P Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - P D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - J P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - M M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
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Chowdhury R, Johnson L, Steur M. Trans fatty acid isomers in mortality and incident coronary heart disease risk. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001195. [PMID: 25164948 PMCID: PMC4310415 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.C., M.S.)
| | - Laura Johnson
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (L.J.)
| | - Marinka Steur
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.C., M.S.)
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in enterocyte models: T84 cell line vs. Caco-2 cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:111-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Renaville B, Prandi A, Fan B, Sepulcri A, Rothschild M, Piasentier E. Candidate gene marker associations with fatty acid profiles in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2013; 93:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schneider AC, Beguin P, Bourez S, Perfield JW, Mignolet E, Debier C, Schneider YJ, Larondelle Y. Conversion of t11t13 CLA into c9t11 CLA in Caco-2 cells and inhibition by sterculic oil. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32824. [PMID: 22427892 PMCID: PMC3299700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), and principally c9t11 CLA, are suspected to have numerous preventive properties regarding non-infectious pathologies such as inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis and several types of cancer. C9t11 CLA is produced in the rumen during biohydrogenation of linoleic acid, but can also be synthesized in mammalian tissues from trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) through the action of delta-9 desaturase (D9D). For several years, it is also known that c9t11 CLA can be synthesized from conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA), i.e. c9t11c13 CLnA and c9t11t13 CLnA. This study aimed at investigating to which extent and by which route c9t11 CLA can be produced from another isomer of CLA, the t11t13 CLA that is structurally very similar to c9t11t13 CLnA, in Caco-2 cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Caco-2 cells were incubated for 24 h with 20 µmol/l of t11t13 CLA in the absence or presence of sterculic oil used as an inhibitor of D9D. Caco-2 cells were able to convert t11t13 CLA into c9t11 CLA, and c9t11t13 CLnA was formed as an intermediate compound. In the presence of sterculic oil, the production of this intermediate was decreased by 46% and the formation of c9t11 CLA was decreased by 26%. No other metabolite was detected. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results not only highlight the conversion of t11t13 CLA into c9t11 CLA but demonstrate also that this conversion involves first a desaturation step catalysed by D9D to produce c9t11t13 CLnA and then the action of another enzyme reducing the double bond on the Δ13 position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Beguin
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Bourez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James W. Perfield
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yves-Jacques Schneider
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Dang Van Q, Bejarano L, Mignolet E, Coulmier D, Froidmont E, Larondelle Y, Focant M. Effectiveness of extruded rapeseed associated with an alfalfa protein concentrate in enhancing the bovine milk fatty acid composition. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4005-15. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Candidate gene markers involved in San Daniele ham quality. Meat Sci 2010; 85:441-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Renaville B, Bacciu N, Comin A, Motta M, Poli I, Vanini G, Prandi A. Plasma and Follicular Fluid Fatty Acid Profiles in Dairy Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:118-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Vaccenic acid (VA) is a ruminant-derived trans-fat and precursor of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of VA on immune function in a model of the metabolic syndrome, JCR:LA-cp rats. Lean (2:1 mix of +/cp and +/+) and obese (cp/cp) rats, aged 8 weeks, were fed a control (0% VA) or a VA diet (1.5% (w/w) VA) for 3 weeks (twenty rats per group). Splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cell phenotypes (flow cytometry), ex vivo cytokine production (ELISA) and phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured. Obese rats had higher proportions of splenic macrophages, total T-cells, helper T-cells (total and percentage CD25+), cytotoxic T-cells (total and percentage CD25+) and produced higher concentrations of IL-6 to concanavalin A (ConA) compared with lean rats. Obese rats had lower proportions of MLN T-cells, new T-cells (CD3+CD90+) and cytotoxic T-cells, but higher proportions of helper cells that were CD45RC+, CD25+ and CD4lo, and produced higher concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, interferon gamma and TNFalpha in response to ConA compared with lean rats. VA was higher in plasma phospholipids and both VA and CLA (cis-9, trans-11) were higher in MLN phospholipids compared with control-fed rats. Lean VA-fed rats had lower proportions of MLN and splenocyte CD45RC+ helper cells, and helper T-cells. Splenocytes from VA-fed rats produced 16-23% less IL-2, IL-10 and TNFalpha compared with controls. VA normalised production of MLN IL-2 and TNFalpha in obese rats to levels similar to those seen in lean rats. These results indicate that dietary VA favourably alters the pro-inflammatory tendency of mesenteric lymphocytes from JCR:LA-cp rats.
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Waters SM, Kelly JP, O'Boyle P, Moloney AP, Kenny DA. Effect of level and duration of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the transcriptional regulation of Δ9-desaturase in muscle of beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:244-52. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of Δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model. Animal 2009; 3:718-27. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid but not its precursortrans-vaccenic acid attenuate inflammatory markers in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2. Br J Nutr 2008; 100:13-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508894329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) is a naturaltransfatty acid found in ruminant food produce. It is converted to thecis-9,trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) by the action of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in tissue. c9, t11-CLA has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects and also affects lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if TVA is bioconverted to c9, t11-CLA in intestinal epithelial cells and to ascertain whether TVA has effects similar to c9, t11-CLA on markers of inflammation relevant to inflammatory bowel disease. The present study demonstrated that TVA treatment led to significant bioconversion into c9, t11-CLA in Caco-2 cells. Treatment with both TVA and c9, t11-CLA resulted in alteration of cellular fatty acid profile and SCD activity in the Caco-2 cell line. However, CLA, but not TVA, significantly modulated transcription of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6 and production of IL-12 by these cells. Thus the present study established that TVA treatment can alter SCD desaturation indices and induce compositional changes in the fatty acid profile of the Caco-2 cell model of the human intestinal epithelium but this is not associated with functional effects on markers of the inflammatory response.
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