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Gupta V, Ncho CM, Goel A, Jeong CM, Choi YH. In ovo feeding of α-ketoglutaric acid improves hepatic antioxidant-gene expression, plasma antioxidant activities and decreases body temperature without affecting broiler body weight under cyclic heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103749. [PMID: 38670054 PMCID: PMC11066556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The broiler industry is adversely affected by the rise in global temperature. This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) on growth performance, organ weight, plasma metabolite, plasma oxidative stress, rectal temperature (RT), and hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes in Arbor Acres broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Three hundred fifty fertile eggs during incubation were divided into 5 groups according to AKG concentrations and temperature conditions. After dissolving AKG in distilled water at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, 0% AKG was in ovo administered to 2 of the 5 groups whereas the remaining 3 groups received 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, respectively. From d 29 to 34 of age, 4 groups of birds received heat stress (HS) at 31°C ± 1°C for 6 h per day while the other group was kept at room temperature (21°C ± 1°C; NT). So, the 5 treatment groups were: 1) 0AKG-NT, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0% AKG were reared under thermoneutral conditions. 2) 0AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 3) 0.5AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0.5% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 4) 1.0AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 1.0% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 5) 1.5AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 1.5% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. HS significantly reduced body weight change (ΔBW %) and average daily gain (ADG) without affecting average daily feed intake (ADFI). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly increased (P = 0.003) in all HS-treated groups. A significant linear decrease in the final RT (P = 0.005) and a change in RT (P = 0.003) were detected with increasing AKG concentration. Total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.029) and antioxidant balance (P = 0.001) in plasma increased linearly with increasing AKG concentration whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were linearly decreased (P = 0.001). Hepatic gene expression of CAT (P = 0.026) and GPX1 (P = 0.001) were dose-dependently upregulated while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)1, NOX4, and heat shock protein (HSP)70 were linearly downregulated (P < 0.05). Hence, in ovo injection of AKG was effective in mitigating HS-induced oxidative stress without attenuating the adverse effects on broiler growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Major Ncho
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Mi Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Carney VL, Anthony NB, Robinson FE, Reimer BL, Korver DR, Zuidhof MJ, Afrouziyeh M. Evolution of maternal feed restriction practices over 60 years of selection for broiler productivity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101957. [PMID: 35973347 PMCID: PMC9395665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V L Carney
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - N B Anthony
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - F E Robinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B L Reimer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - D R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Afrouziyeh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Al-Dawood A, Al-Atiyat R. A Comparative Study on Growth Parameters of Three Broiler Chicken Strains from Jordan. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grandhaye J, Lecompte F, Chartrin P, Leconte M, Riva A, Barbe A, JeanPierre É, Caldas-Silveira E, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Ramé C, Dupont J, Froment P. Maternal dietary supplementation with grape seed extract in reproductive hens increases fertility in females but decreases semen quality in males of the F1 generation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246750. [PMID: 33630916 PMCID: PMC7906403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection in parental broiler breeders has increased their susceptibility to metabolic disorders and reproductive dysfunction. We have recently shown that maternal dietary grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation in hens improves fertility parameters, egg quality, oxidative stress in different tissues and the quality of F1 chicks. Here, we analysed the growth and fertility (both female and male) of the F1 generation animals and the quality of their offspring (F2 generation). Eggs issued from hens supplemented with GSE presented lower ROS production than control hens, suggesting a change in the embryonic environment. However, this did not affect the growth nor the body composition of male and female F1s from hatching to adulthood (37 weeks of age). At 37 weeks of age, the biochemistry analysis of the GSE-F1 muscle has revealed an increase in sensitivity to oxidative stress and a slight change in lipid composition. Both male and female F1-GSE groups presented a delay in puberty with a lower testis volume at 30 weeks of age and lower ovary development at 26 weeks of age. Adult GSE-F1 males did not present histological alterations of seminiferous tubules or semen production, but the semen quality was degraded due to higher oxidative stress and DNA-damaged spermatozoa compared with control F1 animals. In adult GSE-F1 females, despite the delay in puberty, the females laid more eggs of better quality (fewer broken eggs and a higher hatching rate). At hatching, the weight of the chicks from GSE-F1 females was reduced, and this effect was stronger in F2 male chicks (F2) compared with F2 control chicks (F2), because of the lower muscle volume. In conclusion, we can raise the hypothesis that maternal dietary GSE supplementation produces eggs with change in embryonic metabolism, which may affect in adulthood the fertility. The data obtained from the F1-GSE group pointed to a sex-specific modification with higher egg quality in females but semen sensitive to stress in males. Finally, male F2 chicks were leaner than control chicks. Thus, maternal dietary grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation in hens may impact on the fertility of the offspring in a sex-specific manner in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - François Lecompte
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Chartrin
- INRAE, UMR0083 Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Leconte
- INRAE, UMR0083 Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Alix Barbe
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Éric JeanPierre
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Erika Caldas-Silveira
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, 1295, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - UMR85 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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Muscle Hyperplasia in Japanese Quail by Single Amino Acid Deletion in MSTN Propeptide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041504. [PMID: 32098368 PMCID: PMC7073117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of muscle growth in skeletal muscle, resulted in increased muscle mass in mammals and fishes. However, MSTN mutation in avian species has not been reported. The objective of this study was to generate MSTN mutation in quail and investigate the effect of MSTN mutation in avian muscle growth. Recently, a new targeted gene knockout approach for the avian species has been developed using an adenoviral CRISPR/Cas9 system. By injecting the recombinant adenovirus containing CRISPR/Cas9 into the quail blastoderm, potential germline chimeras were generated and offspring with three base-pair deletion in the targeted region of the MSTN gene was identified. This non-frameshift mutation in MSTN resulted in deletion of cysteine 42 in the MSTN propeptide region and homozygous mutant quail showed significantly increased body weight and muscle mass with muscle hyperplasia compared to heterozygous mutant and wild-type quail. In addition, decreased fat pad weight and increased heart weight were observed in MSTN mutant quail in an age- and sex-dependent manner, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate anti-myogenic function of MSTN in the avian species and the importance of cysteine 42 in regulating MSTN function.
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Wang J, Zhang M, Gou Z, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Wang M, Tang X, Xu B. The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020266. [PMID: 32046177 PMCID: PMC7070595 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant originated polysaccharides used as feed additives have gradually become popular for the health and nutrition of broilers. In the present study, polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) were added to the daily diet of yellow broilers. Our results indicated that the immunity of the broilers was boosted due to the increasing weight or index of gizzard, spleen, and the thymus. CCP treatment improved the juiciness and changed the meat color of broilers by increasing the cooking loss and the yellowness. Additionally, the structure of intestinal flora altered as a response to the CCP supplementation, which favored the health of broilers. Results have revealed that CCP has potential and development value as a new type of feed additive for broilers. Abstract The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) in Lingnan yellow broilers diet from 1 to 50 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood profile, and caecum microorganisms were characterized by three different levels of 0, 200 and 800 mg/kg CCP supplementation. Dietary treatment did not affect the productive trait from 1 to 50 days of age, except that average daily feed intake decreased at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of CCP on various organs were different. The weight (p < 0.01) and index (p < 0.05) of bursa of Fabricius gradually decreased with the higher CCP supplementation at 21 days of the broilers diet. The gizzard weights were all higher when the broilers were fed with higher CCP concentration at 21, 42, and 50 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The weight and index of the spleen increased most with low CCP concentration (200 mg/kg) at 42 and 50 days. Moreover, CCP addition had no significant effect on meat quality except cooking loss (P < 0.05) and yellowness of meat color (p < 0.05). In the study of blood metabolism at 50 days of broilers, the concentration of calcium (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) decreased with higher CCP supplementation. CCP increased the albumin concentration (p < 0.001) that was highest at 200 mg/kg CCP supplementation. The addition of CCP increased the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.01) in the caecum of broilers, and had the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (p = 0.11). Results showed that CCP played a role in improving intestinal flora and the immunity of yellow broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Yingzhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-8707-1272
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Xuxiao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
| | - Baohua Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (J.W.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (X.T.); (B.X.)
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Dobner M, Auerbach M, Mundt E, Icken W, Rautenschlein S. Genotype-associated differences in bursal recovery after infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) inoculation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109993. [PMID: 31901750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immune responses were shown to play an important role in the regulation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) replication and development of lesions in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) (bursal lesions) but also in the recovery from the infection. Studies suggested that the host-genotype influences T-cell responses during the acute phase of infection. Genotype-related differences in the recovery phase were not investigated so far. The present study used commercial broiler- (BT), layer- (LT), dual-purpose type (DT) chicken lines as well as a specific pathogen free (SPF) LT chicken as a reference for comparison of T-cell related differences in IBDV-immunopathogenesis not only in the early phase post inoculation (pi) but also in the recovery phase. The Deventer formula was used to determine the optimal time point of inoculation with an intermediate plus IBDV strain when maternally derived antibody (MDA) titers were below the calculated breakthrough level of the virus for all genotypes. Differences in the bursal lesion development, intrabursal CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell accumulation and numbers of IBDV-positive cells were determined. In addition, anti-IBDV antibody development and the relative amount of anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA were recorded until 28 days post IBDV inoculation. Differences between the genotypes were observed in the duration and magnitude of bursal lesions, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration as well as the presence of anti-inflammatory Interleukin (IL)-10 and Transforming growth factor (TGF) β4 cytokine mRNA (P < 0.05). While the investigated immune parameters were comparable between the genotypes at seven days pi, during 14, 21 and 28 days pi a delayed recovery process in LT and DT chickens compared to BT chickens was observed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the age and residual MDA levels had a genotype-dependent influence on the onset of the anti-IBDV specific humoral and T-cell mediated immune responses. This study suggests, that the impact of T-cell immunity on the recovery process after IBDV infection may need to be considered further for the development of new breeding programs for disease resistant chicken lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobner
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Monika Auerbach
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroderstr. 31, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Icken
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Dobner M, Auerbach M, Mundt E, Preisinger R, Icken W, Rautenschlein S. Immune responses upon in ovo HVT-IBD vaccination vary between different chicken lines. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 100:103422. [PMID: 31247248 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genotype of chickens is assumed to be associated with variable immune responses. In this study a modern, moderate performing dual-purpose chicken line (DT) was compared with a high-performing layer-type (LT) as well as a broiler-type (BT) chicken line. One group of each genotype was vaccinated in ovo with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys expressing the virus protein VP2 of the infectious bursal disease virus (HVT-IBD) while one group of each genotype was left HVT-IBD unvaccinated (control group). Genotype associated differences in innate and adapted immune responses between the groups were determined over five weeks post hatch. HVT-IBD vaccination significantly enhanced humoral immune responses against subsequently applied live vaccines compared to non-HVT-IBD vaccinated groups at some of the investigated time points (P < 0.05). In addition HVT-IBD vaccination had depending on the genotype a significant impact on splenic macrophage as well as bursal CD4+ T-cell numbers (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the detectable genotype influence on Interferon (IFN) γ and nitric oxide (NO) release of ex vivo stimulated spleen cells was independent of HVT-IBD vaccination. The results of our study suggest considering a genotype specific vaccination regime in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobner
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Monika Auerbach
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroderstr. 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Wiebke Icken
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27472, Cuxhaven, Germany.
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Muth PC, Valle Zárate A. Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-427-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meat-type chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the Gompertz–Laird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.
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Tavárez MA, Solis de los Santos F. Impact of genetics and breeding on broiler production performance: a look into the past, present, and future of the industry. Anim Front 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. Tavárez
- Department of Food Technology, Universidad ISA, Santiago, Dominican Republic
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11
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Zuidhof MJ, Schneider BL, Carney VL, Korver DR, Robinson FE. Growth, efficiency, and yield of commercial broilers from 1957, 1978, and 2005. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2970-82. [PMID: 25260522 PMCID: PMC4988556 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of commercial selection on the growth, efficiency, and yield of broilers was studied using 2 University of Alberta Meat Control strains unselected since 1957 and 1978, and a commercial Ross 308 strain (2005). Mixed-sex chicks (n = 180 per strain) were placed into 4 replicate pens per strain, and grown on a current nutritional program to 56 d of age. Weekly front and side profile photographs of 8 birds per strain were collected. Growth rate, feed intake, and measures of feed efficiency including feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake, and residual maintenance energy requirements were characterized. A nonlinear mixed Gompertz growth model was used to predict BW and BW variation, useful for subsequent stochastic growth simulation. Dissections were conducted on 8 birds per strain semiweekly from 21 to 56 d of age to characterize allometric growth of pectoralis muscles, leg meat, abdominal fat pad, liver, gut, and heart. A novel nonlinear analysis of covariance was used to test the hypothesis that allometric growth patterns have changed as a result of commercial selection pressure. From 1957 to 2005, broiler growth increased by over 400%, with a concurrent 50% reduction in feed conversion ratio, corresponding to a compound annual rate of increase in 42 d live BW of 3.30%. Forty-two-day FCR decreased by 2.55% each year over the same 48-yr period. Pectoralis major growth potential increased, whereas abdominal fat decreased due to genetic selection pressure over the same time period. From 1957 to 2005, pectoralis minor yield at 42 d of age was 30% higher in males and 37% higher in females; pectoralis major yield increased by 79% in males and 85% in females. Over almost 50 yr of commercial quantitative genetic selection pressure, intended beneficial changes have been achieved. Unintended changes such as enhanced sexual dimorphism are likely inconsequential, though musculoskeletal, immune function, and parent stock management challenges may require additional attention in future selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - B L Schneider
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - V L Carney
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - D R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - F E Robinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
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Chen W, Song LJ, Zeng YQ, Yang Y, Wang H. Analysis on Differential Expressed Genes of Ovarian Tissue Between High- and Low-Yield Laying Hen. Anim Biotechnol 2013; 24:278-87. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.805695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Applegate T, Onyango E, Angel R, Powers W. Effect of amino acid formulation and dietary direct-fed microbial supplementation on egg production and egg characteristics in laying hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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