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Zhao H, Sun R, Cao S, Han J. Clinical effects of twin-block combined with maxillary expansion on the upper airway in adolescents with Class II malocclusion. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:442. [PMID: 39046570 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class II malocclusion, particularly class II division 1, poses a significant orthodontic challenge with implications for both aesthetics and health. This study aimed to explore the impact of twin-block (TB) combined with maxillary expansion treatment (TB-ME) on upper airway dimensions and inflammatory profiles in adolescents with skeletal Class II Division 1 malocclusion in adolescent. METHODS Ninety-two eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: TB-ME treatment and traditional McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi (MBT) straight-wire orthodontic treatment (Control). Cephalometric lateral X-ray scans were conducted before and after treatment to assess skeletal changes, including SNA, ANB, and SNB angles, which are essential to assess the anteroposterior relationships of the maxilla and mandible to the cranial base. We also measured the upper airway volumes and areas. Concentrations of inflammatory factors including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) of gingival crevicular fluid analysis (GCF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS TB-ME treatment induced significant improvement in cephalometric parameters, including a decrease in SNA and ANB angles and an increase in SNB angle. Upper airway volumes and areas increased significantly in both groups, with TB-ME showing greater improvements. GCF analysis revealed a reduction in ICAM-1, MMP2, and IL-8 concentrations in the TB-ME group compared to the Control group. CONCLUSIONS TB-ME treatment demonstrates multifaceted improvements in skeletal malocclusion, upper airway dimensions, and inflammatory profiles in adolescents with class II division 1 malocclusion, showing the promise of TB-ME in addressing the complexities associated with class II malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhao
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China.
| | - Ru Sun
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Sumin Cao
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Jingmei Han
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
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Saadeh ME, Ghafari JG. Uniformity of palatal volume and surface area in various malocclusions. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:72-80. [PMID: 35470544 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess palatal volume, surface area and linear dimensions across sagittal and vertical components of malocclusion. METHODS Pre-treatment cephalographs and dental casts of 178 non-growing patients (88 males, 90 females, age 25.81 ± 8.23 years) were used for classification in sagittal malocclusion groups: Class I (n = 48), Class II division 1 (n = 42), Class II division 2 (n = 40) and Class III (n = 48); and in vertical divergence groups based on the MP/SN angle: hypodivergent (n = 35), normodivergent (n = 95) and hyperdivergent (n = 48). Dental casts were scanned and palatal measurements recorded: palatal width, depth and interdental distances; palatal surface area (PSA, mm2 ) and volume (PV, mm3 ). A 3-way ANOVA was used to compare palatal dimensions across groups. Pearson product-moment correlations were employed to assess associations among variables. RESULTS PSA and PV (in both sex groups) were not statistically significantly different across sagittal malocclusions and vertical patterns. Significant differences were depicted more among the vertical divergence groups than sagittal groups. Correlations between PSA and PV and palatal dimensions were low to moderate. Predictability of PSA and PV ranged between 15 and 18%. CONCLUSION The finding of similar palatal volume and surface area, on average, across malocclusions possibly underscores the limitations of environmental influences within the inherited orofacial phenotype. The vertical facial pattern seems to be more interactive with palatal dimensions than sagittal relations. Studies of palatal changes following orthodontic and orthognathic treatments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Saadeh
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph G Ghafari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Al Maaitah EF, Alomari S, Al-Khateeb SN, Abu Alhaija ES. Cranial base measurements in different anteroposterior skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:483029. [PMID: 35723655 PMCID: PMC9374356 DOI: 10.2319/111321-838.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the linear and angular cranial base measurements (Bjork polygon) in different anteroposterior (AP) skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 288 (146 women, 142 men, mean ages 21.24 ± 2.72 years and 22.94 ± 3.28 years, respectively) adult patients were divided into Class I, II, and III skeletal relationships according to their ANB angle. Linear and angular measurements of Bjork polygon were measured and compared among different skeletal relationships. Analysis of variance was performed to detect the differences among groups. Independent-sample t-test was used to detect differences between men and women. RESULTS The Class II skeletal relationship has a significantly larger saddle angle than Class III does (P < .05), whereas Class III has a significantly larger gonial angle than Class II does (P < .05). The articular angle and sum of Bjork polygon angles were not significantly different among groups (P > .05). Anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ar) cranial base lengths were similar in the different AP skeletal relationships (P > .05). The ramal height and body of the mandible length were significantly larger in Class III compared with Class I and II (P < .05). Women had a significantly larger articular angle than men did (P < .05), although men had significantly larger linear measurements of Bjork polygon than women did (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The Class III skeletal relationship has a smaller saddle angle and larger mandibular length and gonial angle. Men have a larger cranial base and mandibular linear measurements and a smaller articular angle compared with women.
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Akan B, Erhamza TS. Does Appliance Design Affect Treatment Outcomes of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion? A Two-Center Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2021; 12:e4. [PMID: 34377381 PMCID: PMC8326880 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2021.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the pre- and post-treatment values of patients treated with monoblock and twin-block appliances with the values of the skeletal Class I individuals. Material and Methods The initial lateral cephalometric radiographs of the pubertal untreated skeletal class I patients and cephalometric radiographs of 60 (30 monoblock, 30 twin-block) patients before and after the functional treatment were included in the study. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements were performed by a single researcher using Dolphin Imaging software version 11.95 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Paired t-test was used for statistical evaluation and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In both monoblock and twin-block groups, there was a statistically significant increase in the measurements of the lower jaw and the vertical direction values (sella nasion B point (SNB), pogonion nasion perpendicular, Y-axis, sella nasion-gonion gnathion, palatal-mandibular angle, anterior facial height, mandibular length P < 0.05); however, in the Twin-block group, the lower jaw was found to be displaced more forward (change for twin-block; SNB = 2.35, Wits appraisal = -4.77). The most measurements of the twin-block treated group were similar to the control group. Conclusions Both functional appliances have been identified to be useful in achieving treatment targets; however, with twin-block, results closer to ideal values are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Akan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, IzmirTurkey
| | - Türkan Sezen Erhamza
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, KırıkkaleTurkey
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Talvitie T, Helminen M, Karsila S, Pirttiniemi P, Signorelli L, Varho R, Peltomäki T. Effects of force magnitude on dental arches in cervical headgear therapy. Eur J Orthod 2021; 44:146-154. [PMID: 34369566 PMCID: PMC10084716 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of different force magnitudes on dental arches in cervical headgear (CHG) treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this controlled clinical trial, patients (n = 40) were treated with CHG with light (L, 300 g, n = 22) or heavy force (H, 500 g, n = 18) magnitude. Subjects were asked to use CHG for 10 hours a day for 10 months. The outer bow of the CHG facebow was raised 10-20 degrees and the inner bow expanded 3-4 mm. Adherence to instructions and force magnitude were monitored with an electronic module (Smartgear, Swissorthodontics, Switzerland). Impressions for study models were taken before (T1) and after (T2) treatment and the study models were scanned into digital form (3Shape, R700 Scanner, Denmark). Measurements were made using the digital models (Planmeca Romexis, Model analyser, Finland). RESULTS During the treatment (T1-T2) the upper inter-canine distance increased by 2.83 mm (P = 0.000) and 2.60 mm (P = 0.000) in the L and H force magnitude groups, respectively. Upper inter-molar width increased by 3.16 mm (P = 0.000) and 2.50 mm (P = 0.000) in the L and H groups, respectively. Maxillary total arch perimeter increased by 6.39 mm (P = 0.001) and 6.68 mm (P = 0.001) in the L and H groups, respectively. In the amount of change over time, T1-T2, in the upper arch measurements, no significant difference was found between the groups. Lower inter-canine width increased by 0.94 mm (P = 0.005) and 1.16 mm (P = 0.000) in the L and H groups, respectively; no difference between the groups. Lower inter-molar distance increased by 2.17 mm (P = 0.000) and 1.11 mm (P = 0.008) in the L and H groups, respectively. At the end of the study, upper and lower inter-molar width was larger in the L group than in the H group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION CHG therapy is an effective method for expanding and releasing moderate crowding of the upper dental arch. The lower arch spontaneously follows the upper arch in widening effects, and minor expansion can also be seen on the lower arch. In the L group, larger inter-molar width was achieved on the upper and lower arch; probably due to better adherence to instructions. Light force is recommended for use in CHG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Talvitie
- Vaasa Social Services and Health Care Division, Dental Service, Vaasa, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Susanna Karsila
- Turku Municipal Health Care Services, Dental Teaching Unit, Turku, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Reeta Varho
- Turku Municipal Health Care Services, Dental Teaching Unit, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Peltomäki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
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Zawawi KH, Alsulaimani FF, Al-Dharrab AA, Afify AR, Al-Zahrani MS, Baeshen HA. Morphological features of Class I, II and III malocclusions of Saudi adolescents. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3534-3539. [PMID: 34121896 PMCID: PMC8176058 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This cross-sectional study compared and contrasted the morphological characteristics of Class I, II and III malocclusions in an adolescent Saudi population. Methods Adolescent Saudis with Angle’s Class I, II and III malocclusions were selected from orthodontic patients’ records. Angular and linear measurements were compared between the three groups. Cephalometric analysis was performed using the VistadentOC® software. Multifactorial ANOVA for angular and linear measurements between and within groups. Results Orthodontic records of 300 patients were included. There was no significant difference between and within groups in age and distribution of Angle’s classification, p > 0.05. Multifactorial ANOVA showed that there were significant interactions between gender and malocclusions in skeletal, dental and soft tissue measurements, p < 0.05. There were significant differences in the sagittal and vertical skeletal measurements between groups, p < 0.05. The dental measurements were also significantly different in most of the measurements (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significantly different readings among the groups in the soft tissue analysis. Conclusion Morphological characteristics of adolescent Saudis show unique differences between gender and malocclusions, more so in Class III malocclusions. Class II and III malocclusions also show skeletal differences amongst the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H. Zawawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad F. Alsulaimani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Al-Dharrab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R. Afify
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A. Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Mucedero M, Rozzi M, Di Fusco G, Danesi C, Cozza P. Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with buccally displaced canine. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:544-550. [PMID: 31872207 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse morphological variations of the palate shape and maxillary arch dimension between a group of subjects with unilaterally or bilaterally buccally impacted maxillary canines and a control group (CG) by means of 3D geometric morphometric (GMM). MATERIALS Pre-treatment records of 50 subjects (16 males and 34 females; mean age 13.9 years ± 1.8) with one or both canines buccally displaced were collected retrospectively. A CG of 50 subjects was selected from a list of orthodontic patients at the same dental hospital. The experimental group, buccally displaced canine (BDC) was divided in two groups: unilateral buccally displaced canine (UBDC) and bilateral buccally displaced canine (BBDC). To analyse the palate's shape and maxillary arch dimension, study casts were scanned. To study the entirety of the palatal shape, 3D GMM analysis was used. To analyse the maxillary arch dimension, the virtual three-dimensional models were measured with a specific software (VAM, Vectra, Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, New Jersey, USA). RESULTS When comparing the groups with the GMM analysis, patients with BDC showed a statistically significant narrower and higher palatal vault. About the analysis of linear measurements, the intercanine width, the anterior and posterior segment length were significantly smaller in BDC, UBDC, and BBDC subjects when compared with the controls and there were no differences between UBDC versus BBDC groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with buccally displaced permanent canine tended to have maxillary transverse constriction and variation in palatal vault morphology. The morphometric variation of the palatine vault and arch dimensions can be considered a clinical factor associated with the presence of BDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mucedero
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Rozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Fusco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Danesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cozza
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Son WS, Oh S, Kim YI, Kim SS, Park SB, Kim SH. Comparison of maxillary basal arch forms using the root apex in adult women with different skeletal patterns: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:572-578. [PMID: 32828610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to establish maxillary basal arch forms using the root apices and to determine the differences in the basal arch forms in adult women with different sagittal skeletal patterns. METHODS This retrospective study included 91 adult women, with either a Class I (n = 24), Class II Division 1 (n = 22), Class II Division 2 (n = 23), or Class III (n = 22) malocclusion, who underwent cone-beam computed tomography. Three-dimensional coordinates of the root apices were determined using the multiplanar reformation mode of OnDemand3D software (Cybermed Inc, Seoul, South Korea). Two-dimensional coordinates were converted from acquired 3-dimensional coordinates via projection on the palatal plane, and the Procrustes superimposition method was used to build the basal arch form. Finally, interroot width measurements were performed for basal arch form comparisons. RESULTS There were significant differences among the 4 groups (P <0.05) with respect to the intercanine width. The intercanine width of Class II Division 1 group was significantly narrower than that of the other groups. The Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 groups tended to have tapered arch forms and squared arch forms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We established maxillary basal arch forms using the root apices. The Class II Division 1 group had a significantly narrower intercanine distance. The use of the root apex to depict the basal arch form seems reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Son
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sewoong Oh
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Sik Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soo-Byung Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Taloumtzi M, Padashi-Fard M, Pandis N, Fleming PS. Skeletal growth in class II malocclusion from childhood to adolescence: does the profile straighten? Prog Orthod 2020; 21:13. [PMID: 32419086 PMCID: PMC7231809 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is relatively little appreciation of the changes in maxillary-mandibular relationships occurring during adolescence among subjects with normal and increased overjet. The aim of this study was to assess differences in changes in maxillo-mandibular relationships during the adolescent growth period based on the presence of a normal (< 4 mm) or increased (> 4 mm) overjet in childhood. Our hypothesis was that there is no difference in the change of the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle during growth between these two overjet groups. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 65 subjects taken from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collections Project. Cephalograms were obtained at ages 7-10 (T0) and 14-17 (T1) with allocation into two groups based on baseline overjet (> 4 mm: group 1, 2-4 mm: group 2). Random effects linear regression was used to account for multiple within -patient measurements with dependent variables including antero-posterior skeletal pattern (based on sella, nasion, A point (SNA); sella, nasion, B point (SNB); and ANB angles). RESULTS We included a similar number of males (n = 34; 52.3%) and females (n = 31; 47.7%). The mean ANB was higher at baseline in group 1 (5.42, SD 2.16°) than in group 2 (3.08, SD 1.91°). The hypothesis was rejected as the ANB angle reduced by 1.92° more in the larger overjet group with the association being statistically significant after accounting for age and gender (P < 0.001; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). No significant gender-related effect (P = 0.624; 95% CI - 0.637 to 1.07) was observed overall. However, there was no significant increase in SNA angle in the > 4 mm overjet group compared to the 2-4 mm group (0.857°, P = 0.271; 95% CI - 0.669 to 2.383). The SNB angle increased by 1.15° more in the higher overjet group but there was only weak evidence of an association (P = 0.086; 95% CI - 2.464 to 0.164). CONCLUSIONS A slight straightening of the facial profile was observed in both groups with a statistically significant greater reduction in ANB arising in the group with larger baseline overjet. This translated into a marginal reduction in the overjet in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matoula Taloumtzi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Melisa Padashi-Fard
- Community Dental Service, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Private practice, Corfu, Greece
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Department of Orthodontics, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.
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Keski-Nisula K, Keski-Nisula L, Varrela J. Class II treatment in early mixed dentition with the eruption guidance appliance: effects and long-term stability. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:151-156. [PMID: 31750513 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to analyse dentoskeletal effects and long-term stability of Class II treatment carried out with an eruption guidance appliance (EGA) in early mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-five Class II patients (38 females and 27 males), treated with an EGA in early mixed dentition, were compared with 58 children (26 females and 32 males) with untreated Class II malocclusion. The mean age in the treatment group at the start (T1) and end of treatment (T2) was 5.4 years (±0.4) and 8.5 years (±0.9), respectively, and at the final examination in the early permanent dentition (T3) 16.7 years (±0.4). In the control group, the mean age at T1 and T2 were 5.1 years (±0.5) and 8.4 years (±0.5), respectively. The independent and dependent sample t-tests, Chi-square test, and Fisher's test were used in the statistical evaluation. RESULTS In the treatment group, the frequency of Class II decreased from 100 to 14% during the treatment (T1-T2) and a significant correction took place in all occlusal variables. At T2, the treatment and control groups showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in all occlusal variables. In the treated children, mandibular length increased 5 mm more (P < 0.001) from T1 to T2 compared to the control children, and the ANB angle became significantly smaller (P = 0.006). During the post-treatment period (T2-T3), the frequency of Class II in the treatment group decreased from 14 to 2% (P < 0.05), overbite increased from 2.2 to 3.1 mm (P < 0.05), and lower crowding increased from 2to 14% (P < 0.05). Post-treatment changes in overjet and upper crowding were not statistically significant. At T3, the mean values of the SNA, SNB, and ANB angles were 83.0° (SD 3.9°), 81.3° (SD 3.8°), and 2.4° (SD 1.5°), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A clinically significant correction of the molar relationship, overjet, overbite, incisor alignment, and growth enhancement of the mandible were observed after treatment in early mixed dentition. The treatment results remained largely stable in the early permanent dentition. However, an increase was observed in overbite and lower crowding. None of the children treated in early mixed dentition needed a second treatment phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Keski-Nisula
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Keski-Nisula
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Varrela
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
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Mucedero M, Rozzi M, Milazzo A, Cozza P. Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:460-467. [PMID: 30602006 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological variations of the palate shape and maxillary arch dimension in a group of subjects with unilaterally or bilaterally impacted maxillary canines compared with a control group, using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric. MATERIALS The subject of this study consisted of pre-treatment records of 46 (18 males and 28 females) patients with one or both canines palatally displaced. A control group of 26 subjects was selected from a list of orthodontic patients at the same dental hospital. The subjects were divided in two study groups: unilateral palatally displaced canine (UPDC) and bilateral palatally displaced canine (BPDC). Study casts were scanned to analyse the palate's shape and maxillary arch dimension. The 3D geometric morphometric analysis was used to study the entirety of the shape of the palate. The virtual 3D models were measured with a specific software to analyse the maxillary arch dimension. (VAM, Vectra; Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, New Jersey, USA). RESULTS When comparing the groups with the geometric morphometrics analysis, no significant palatal shape change was found. For the analysis of linear measurements, only a significant reduction of intercanine width was found in the UPDC and BPDC groups when compared with the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Patients with palatally displaced permanent canine showed no maxillary transverse constriction or variation in palatal vault morphology but the absence of permanent teeth was associated with a reduction in the intercanine width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mucedero
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Matteo Rozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Alessia Milazzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Paola Cozza
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
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Paoloni V, Lione R, Farisco F, Halazonetis DJ, Franchi L, Cozza P. Morphometric covariation between palatal shape and skeletal pattern in Class II growing subjects. Eur J Orthod 2018; 39:371-376. [PMID: 28340178 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the patterns of covariation between palatal and craniofacial morphology in Class II subjects in the early mixed dentition by means of geometric morphometrics. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 85 Class II subjects (44 females, 41 males; mean age 8.7 years ± 0.8) was collected retrospectively according to the following inclusion criteria: European ancestry (white), Class II skeletal relationship, Class II division 1 dental relationship, early mixed dentition, and prepubertal skeletal maturation. Pre-treatment digital 3D maxillary dental casts and lateral cephalograms were available. Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized (239 on the palate and 121 on the cephalogram) and geometric morphometric methods (GMM) were applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to reveal the main patterns of palatal shape and craniofacial skeletal shape variation. Two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS) assessed patterns of covariation between palatal morphology and craniofacial morphology. Results For the morphology of the palate, the first principal component (PC1) described variation in all three dimensions. For the morphology of the craniofacial complex, PC1 showed shape variation mainly in the vertical direction. Palatal shape and craniofacial shape covaried significantly (RV coefficient: 0.199). PLS1 accounted for more than 64 per cent of total covariation and related divergence of the craniofacial complex to palatal height and width. The more a Class II subject tended towards high-angle divergence, the narrower and higher was the palate. Conclusions Class II high-angle patients tended to have narrower and higher palates, while Class II low-angle patients were related to wider and more shallow palates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paoloni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lione
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Dentistry UNSBC, Tirana, Albania
| | - Francesca Farisco
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Franchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paola Cozza
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Sun KT, Li YF, Hsu JT, Tu MG, Hung CJ, Hsueh YH, Tsai HH. Prevalence of primate and interdental spaces for primary dentition in 3- to 6-year-old children in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:598-604. [PMID: 28811069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Spaced primary dentition plays a critical role in the eruption of permanent teeth and the establishment of ideal occlusion. A lack of these spaces in deciduous dentition may result in disproportionate jaw and tooth sizes. Additionally, spaced primary dentition is significantly affected by ethnic factors. However, few of these studies have been conducted in Asia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spaced primary dentition in Taiwan. METHODS One hundred and forty-seven 3- to 6-year-old Taiwanese children (58 girls and 89 boys) were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Primate and interdental spaces were recorded by intraoral photos. The prevalence of spaced dentition was evaluated. The interpersonal agreement of spaced dentition between the upper and lower arches was also assessed. RESULTS Most of the subjects had spaced primary dentition. The prevalence of primate space was 83.7% in the upper arch and 61.2% in the lower arch, whereas the prevalence of interdental space was 44.2% in the upper arch and 53.1% in the lower arch. The prevalence rates of interdental space and upper primate space were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Interdental spaces of the lower arch increased with age. CONCLUSION Ethnic factors can affect the ratio of spaced dentition. Most of the 3- to 6-year-old Taiwanese children have spaced dentition. The boys have higher incidence of spaced dentition than the girls. Furthermore, primate space is more frequently found in the upper arch than in the lower arch, whereas interdental space is reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Fen Li
- Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Gene Tu
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jui Hung
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsueh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Huey Tsai
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gong A, Li J, Wang Z, Li Y, Hu F, Li Q, Miao D, Wang L. Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis. Angle Orthod 2016; 86:668-680. [PMID: 26528732 PMCID: PMC8601493 DOI: 10.2319/032315-186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cranial base characteristics in malocclusions with sagittal discrepancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. RESULTS Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: -1.74, -0.53; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: -3.30, -2.09; P < .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: -3.33, -1.36; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: -7.38, -4.05; P < .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II patients showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I patients (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P < .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P < .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: -3.14, -0.93; P < .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: -2.73, -0.68; P = .001 for NSAr) and Class II malocclusions (95% CI: -5.73, -1.06; P = .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: -6.11, -1.92; P < .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I malocclusions (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P < .001 for NSBa). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in Class III malocclusion than in Class I and Class II malocclusions, and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiu Gong
- MD Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Attending Physician, Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chief Physician, Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Associate Chief Physician, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Attending Physician, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Associate Chief Physician, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyi Li
- Associate Chief Physician, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Professor and Dean, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cossio L, López J, Rueda ZV, Botero-Mariaca P. Morphological configuration of the cranial base among children aged 8 to 12 years. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:309. [PMID: 27301441 PMCID: PMC4908802 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranial base is used as reference structure to determine the skeletal type in cephalometric analysis. The purpose was to assess the cranial base length on lateral cephalic radiographs of children between 8 and 12 and compare these measurements with baseline studies in order to evaluate the relationship between the length and the cranial base angle, articular angle, gonial angle and skeletal type. METHODS A Cross-sectional study in 149 children aged 8-12 years, originally from Aburrá Valley, who had lateral cephalic radiographs and consented to participate in this study. The variables studied included: age, sex, sella-nasion, sella-nasion-articular, sella-nasion-basion, articular-gonion-menton, gonion-menton, sella-nasion-point B, sella-nasion-point A y point A-nasion-point B. These variables were digitally measured through i-dixel 2 digital software. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean values and mean value differences. The values obtained were compared with previous studies. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Cranial base lengths are smaller in each age and sex group, with differences exceeding 10 mm for measurement, compared both with the study by Riolo (Michigan) and the study carried out in Damasco (Antioquia). No relation was found between the skeletal type and the anterior cranial base length, the sella angle and the cranial base angle. Also, no relation was found between the gonial angle and sella angle or the cranial base angle. CONCLUSION The cranial base varies from one population to another. Accordingly, compared to other studies it is shorter for the assessed sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cossio
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carrera 47 # 37 South 18, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jorge López
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carrera 47 # 37 South 18, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carrera 47 # 37 South 18, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Paola Botero-Mariaca
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carrera 47 # 37 South 18, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
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Yu Y, Wu M, Chen X, Li W. Correction of the transverse discrepancy-induced spontaneous mandibular protrusion in Class II Division 1 adolescent patients. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.21307/aoj-2020-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A Class II malocclusion is the most frequent sagittal skeletal disharmony presenting for orthodontic treatment. A transverse interarch discrepancy (TID) may be considered as a possible functional cause of a Class II relationship.
Objective
The purpose of the present study was to determine transverse interarch width dimensions before and after orthodontic therapy and their possible relationship with increased mandibular projection following treatment.
Methods
The sample included 40 adolescent patients who were divided into two groups, one possessing and one without a transverse discrepancy. Interarch width differences (including ICWD, IPWD, IMWD, IAWD) were measured before and after treatment, and Pogonion (Pog) to Nasion (N) perpendicular was similarly measured in each group.
Results
The differences in arch and alveolar width dimensions between the two groups (including ICWD, IPWDI, IPWDII, IMWD, IAWD) before treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.05). A comparison of Pog to N perpendicular between the two groups showed that mandibular protrusion after treatment in the transverse discrepancy group was 2.6 ± 1.3 mm, while mandibular protrusion after treatment in the group without a transverse discrepancy was 0.6 ± 0.3 mm. The statistical comparison showed that the differences were significant (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
A transverse interarch discrepancy may have a functional relationship with mandible retrusion. If a transverse discrepancy is corrected via orthodontic treatment, the mandible may spontaneously protrude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yu
- Department of Orthodontics , Hospital of Stomatology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Department of Orthodontics , Hospital of Stomatology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics , Hospital of Stomatology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Orthodontics , Hospital of Stomatology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Malocclusion in elementary school children in beirut: severity and related social/behavioral factors. Int J Dent 2015; 2015:351231. [PMID: 25691902 PMCID: PMC4321854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/351231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess severity of malocclusion in Lebanese elementary school children and the relationship between components of malocclusion and sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Methods. Dental screening was performed on 655 school children aged 6-11 from 2 public (PB) and 5 private (PV) schools in Beirut. A calibrated examiner recorded occlusion, overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, midline diastema, and crowding. Another examiner determined the DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) score. A questionnaire filled by the parents provided data on sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Multinomial, binomial, and multiple linear regressions tested the association of these factors with occlusal indices. Results. Malocclusion was more severe in PB students. Age and sucking habit were associated with various components of malocclusion. Crowding was more prevalent among males and significantly associated with the DMFT score. Income and educational level were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in PV pupils and deleterious habits were more frequent in PB children. Conclusions. Children of lower socioeconomic background had more severe malocclusions and poorer general dental health. Compared to Western and WHO norms, the findings prompt health policy suggestions to improve dental care of particularly public school children through regular screenings in schools, prevention methods when applicable, and cost effective practices through public and private enabling agencies.
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Heliövaara A, Vuola P, Hukki J. Craniofacial cephalometric morphology in 8-year-old children with operated sagittal synostosis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 18:27-32. [PMID: 25264570 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate cephalometrically craniofacial morphology in children with operated sagittal synostosis and to compare the findings with age- and sex-matched controls. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Forty-two children (37 boys) with operated primary sagittal synostosis were compared retrospectively with age- and sex-matched controls from lateral cephalograms taken at a mean age of 8.1 (range 7.0-8.9) years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The operations had been performed between the ages of 2 months and 6.3 years at three Finnish hospitals. The surgical methods included strip craniectomy, pi-plasty and cranial vault expansion. A paired Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS Children with operated sagittal synostosis had wide cranial base angles and their mandibles were retrognathic with labially inclined lower incisors relative to the controls. Age at craniosynostosis operation did not correlate with the cranial base angle. CONCLUSION This study suggests that children with operated sagittal synostosis have minor distinctive morphological features in the cranial base and mandible. Orthodontic evaluation of craniofacial growth is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heliövaara
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Bhattacharya A, Bhatia A, Patel D, Mehta N, Parekh H, Trivedi R. Evaluation of relationship between cranial base angle and maxillofacial morphology in Indian population: A cephalometric study. J Orthod Sci 2014; 3:74-80. [PMID: 25143931 PMCID: PMC4138790 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.137691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role played by the cranial base flexure in influencing the sagittal and vertical position of the jaws in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral cephalograms of 108 subjects were divided into three categories (Group A: NSAr > 125°, Group B: NSAr-120°-125°, Group C: NSAr < 120°) according to value of NSAr. Measurement of eight angular (SNA, SNB, NPg-FH, ANB, NAPg, SN-GoGn, Y-Axis, ArGo-SN) and seven linear (N-S, S-Ar, Ar-N, Ar-Pt A, Ar-Gn, Wits appraisal, N- Pt A) variables were taken. RESULTS Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to individually correlate angular and linear variables with NSAr for the whole sample as well as in individual group. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the difference in the means of all the variables between the three groups. Significance was determined only when the confidence level was P < 0.05. Several parameters (SNB, NAPg, ANB, Y-Axis, GoGn-SN) showed significant positive correlation while others showed negative correlation (SNA, NPg-FH, N-S) with NSAr. CONCLUSIONS This study show cranial base angle has a determinant role in influencing the mandibular position and it also affects both the mandibular plane angle and y-axis. Flattening of the cranial base angle caused a clockwise rotation of the mandible. The jaw relation tends to change from class III to class II, with progressive flattening of the cranial base and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amarjitsingh Bhatia
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dolly Patel
- Department of Orthodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishit Mehta
- Department of Orthodontics, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshik Parekh
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Alves Proença HHF, Slavicek R, Cunha E, Sato S. A 3D computerized tomography study of changes in craniofacial morphology of Portuguese skulls from the eighteenth century to the present. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-014-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lateral cephalometric standards of Germans with normal occlusion from 6 to 17 years of age. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:236-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thiesen G, Pletsch G, Zastrow MD, Valle CVMD, Valle-Corotti KMD, Patel MP, Conti PCR. Comparative analysis of the anterior and posterior length and deflection angle of the cranial base, in individuals with facial Pattern I, II and III. Dental Press J Orthod 2013; 18:69-75. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the variations in the anterior cranial base (S-N), posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and deflection of the cranial base (SNBa) among three different facial patterns (Pattern I, II and III). METHOD: A sample of 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Brazilian Caucasian patients, both genders, between 8 and 17 years of age was selected. The sample was divided into 3 groups (Pattern I, II and III) of 20 individuals each. The inclusion criteria for each group were the ANB angle, Wits appraisal and the facial profile angle (G'.Sn.Pg'). To compare the mean values obtained from (SNBa, S-N, S-Ba) each group measures, the ANOVA test and Scheffé's Post-Hoc test were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference for the deflection angle of the cranial base among the different facial patterns (Patterns I, II and III). There was no significant difference for the measures of the anterior and posterior cranial base between the facial Patterns I and II. The mean values for S-Ba were lower in facial Pattern III with statistically significant difference. The mean values of S-N in the facial Pattern III were also reduced, but without showing statistically significant difference. This trend of lower values in the cranial base measurements would explain the maxillary deficiency and/or mandibular prognathism features that characterize the facial Pattern III.
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Caramez da Silva F, Justo Giugliani ER, Capsi Pires S. Duration of breastfeeding and distoclusion in the deciduous dentition. Breastfeed Med 2012; 7:464-8. [PMID: 22963462 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between duration of breastfeeding and occurrence of distoclusion in preschoolers with complete deciduous dentition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of 153 Brazilian children was conducted. The outcome of interest was presence of distoclusion as diagnosed at dental assessment between 3 and 5 years of age. Data on the main exploratory variable (duration of breastfeeding) and other variables that might influence the study outcome (use of dummy/pacifier, bottle feeding, and thumb sucking) were collected by a blinded examiner at 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days of life and at dental assessment. Poisson regression was used to test for the association between exposure and the outcome of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of distoclusion was 47.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding afforded some protection against distoclusion, after adjusting for confounding factors such as pacifier use and bottle feeding. In children breastfed for 12 months or more, the prevalence of distoclusion at 3-5 years of age was 56% lower than in those breastfed for shorter periods (prevalence ratio=0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.82). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding for 12 months or longer significantly reduces the prevalence of distoclusion in the deciduous dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Caramez da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Góis EG, Vale MP, Paiva SM, Abreu MH, Serra-Negra JM, Pordeus IA. Incidence of malocclusion between primary and mixed dentitions among Brazilian children. A 5-year longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 2012; 82:495-500. [PMID: 21981755 PMCID: PMC8865814 DOI: 10.2319/033011-230.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of malocclusion in a 5-year follow-up of school children and verify the hypothesis that individuals with previous malocclusion are more prone to maintain the same characteristics in the transition from primary to mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS School children, ages 8 to 11 years, participated. Inclusion criteria consisted of normal occlusion in primary dentition or subsequent malocclusions, anterior open bite and/or posterior crossbite and/or overjet measuring more than 3 mm, and that subjects had not submitted to orthodontic treatment and adenoidectomy. Data collection was based on evaluation of occlusion in school children in the actual stage of mixed dentition. Descriptive, Chi-square, and relative risk (RR) 95% confidence interval (CI) analyses were carried out. RESULTS The greatest incidence of malocclusion was found in children with malocclusion (94.1%) when compared with those without malocclusion (67.7%) (RR = 1.4 [1.2-1.6]; P < .001). Anterior open bite (RR = 3.1 [1.7-5.8]), posterior crossbite (RR = 7.5 [4.9-11.5]), and overjet greater than 3 mm (RR = 5.2 [3.4-8.0]) in the primary dentition are risk factors for malocclusion in early mixed dentition. Spontaneous correction of the anterior open bite was confirmed in 70.1% of cases. Posterior crossbite and overjet greater than 3 mm were persistent in 87.8% and 72.9% of children. CONCLUSIONS Malocclusion incidence was high. Individuals with previous anterior open bite, greater overjet, and posterior crossbite had greater risk of having the same characteristics in the mixed dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton G Góis
- a Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Bollhalder J, Hänggi MP, Schätzle M, Markic G, Roos M, Peltomäki TA. Dentofacial and upper airway characteristics of mild and severe class II division 1 subjects. Eur J Orthod 2012; 35:447-53. [PMID: 22427406 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to assess whether mild and severe Class II division 1 subjects have craniofacial and upper airway characteristics, which relate to the severity of Class II as judged by overjet or ANB angle. The sample consisted of pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 131 males and 115 females (mean age 10.4 ± 1.6). Inclusion criteria were: healthy Caucasian subjects, at least ¾ Class II first molar relationship on both sides and overjet ≥ 4 mm. The cephalograms were traced and digitized. Distances and angular values were computed. Mild and severe Class II was defined by overjet (<10 mm/≥ 10 mm) or by ANB angle (<7 degrees/≥7 degrees). Statistics were performed with two-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. In the two overjet groups, significant differences were mainly found for incisor inclination while the two ANB groups differed significantly in SNA, WITS, Go-Pg, SpaSpp/MGo, SN/MGo, and Ar-Gn. The shortest airway distance between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall was significantly correlated to the NS/Ar angle. Statistical analysis revealed several significant correlations. Patients with a large overjet or ANB angle differed significantly from patients with a small overjet or ANB angle mainly in their incisor inclination. In the present sample, the overjet and to some extent also the ANB angle is determined by soft tissue or individual tooth position rather than by skeletal background. In retrognathic patients, a tendency towards smaller airway dimensions was found. However, statistical analysis did not reveal a strong connection between upper airway and dentoskeletal parameters, but a large interindividual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bollhalder
- Clinic for Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zürich, Switzerland
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Tsai C, Lin Y, Su B, Yang L, Chiu W. Masseter muscle fibre changes following reduction of masticatory function. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:394-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ferro F, Spinella P, Lama N. Transverse maxillary arch form and mandibular asymmetry in patients with posterior unilateral crossbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:828-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oz U, Rubenduz M. Craniofacial differences between skeletal Class II and skeletal Class I malocclusions according to vertical classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-011-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Marinelli A, Mariotti M, Defraia E. Transverse dimensions of dental arches in subjects with Class II malocclusion in the early mixed dentition. Prog Orthod 2011; 12:31-7. [PMID: 21515229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pio.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the transverse dentoalveolar features of subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion in mixed dentition when compared to subjects with normal occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on 192 randomly selected subjects in the early mixed dentition. According to sagittal skeletal and occlusal features the sample was divided into two groups: 88 subjects (53 females and 35 males) with Class II skeletal disharmony and Class II, division 1 malocclusion (Class II Group, mean age 8 years and 10 months±11 months) and 104 subjects (66 females e 38 males) with dentoskeletal Class I relationships (Class I Group, mean age 9±1 years). The Class II group was further divided into two subgroups (maxillary protrusion group and mandibular retrusion group) on the basis of the skeletal characteristics. Intermolar and intercanine distances were measured on dental casts in both arches and posterior and anterior transversal discrepancy (PTID and ATID) were calculated. RESULTS Subjects with Class II malocclusion showed a significantly greater negative PTID (-2.1 mm) which was associated with a significantly reduced maxillary width with respect to the Class I group (-2.2 mm). The Class II group showed also a significantly greater negative ATID (-1.4 mm) when compared to the Class I group. Subjects with mandibular retrusion showed a significantly greater reduction both in the maxillary intercanine width (-1.7 mm). and in the maxillary intermolar width (-2.7 mm) with respect to the Class I group. Subjects with maxillary protrusion presented with a significantly greater constriction at the maxillary intermolar width (-1.7 mm) when compared to the Class I group. CONCLUSIONS Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion is associated with a significant constriction of the maxillary arch with reduced intercanine and intermolar widths. When Class II malocclusion is due to a maxillary protrusion the constriction at the maxillary arch is limited to the intermolar width.
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Generoso R, Sadoco EC, Armond MC, Gameiro GH. Evaluation of mandibular length in subjects with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns using the cervical vertebrae maturation. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24:46-51. [PMID: 20339713 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular size in boys and girls with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, taking into consideration the bone maturation stage, as defined by the cervical vertebrae maturation. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs were obtained from subjects (aged between 7 and 12 years) with Class I or Class II skeletal patterns, according to the ANB angle and WITS appraisal. The Class I sample consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). The Class II sample also consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). On a cross-sectional basis, mandibular length (Co-Gn) was compared between groups and genders. The between-stages changes were also evaluated, with the cervical vertebrae analysis used for establishing the bone maturation stages at CS2, CS3, CS4 and CS5. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mandibular length differed between skeletal patterns only at the earlier stages of development. In the Class I pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS4 and CS5, whereas in the Class II pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS3 and CS4. The present results indicate a sexual dimorphism in the mandibular length at almost all stages of bone maturation, in exception of the CS5 stage in Class II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Generoso
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Vale do Rio Verde University, Três Corações, MG, Brazil
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A three-dimensional computerized tomography study of the relationship between cranial base angle and maxillofacial architecture in caucasic human skull. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-009-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim JI, Akimoto S, Shinji H, Sato S. Importance of vertical dimension and cant of occlusal plane in craniofacial development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-009-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gautam P, Valiathan A, Adhikari R. Craniofacial displacement in response to varying headgear forces evaluated biomechanically with finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 135:507-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Silva Filho OGD, Herkrath FJ, Queiroz APCD, Aiello CA. Padrão facial na dentadura decídua: estudo epidemiológico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-54192008000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: é possível definir a morfologia facial e o padrão de crescimento em idade precoce, a partir da dentadura decídua completa. OBJETIVOS: frente à escassez de trabalhos na literatura pertinente ao assunto, a presente pesquisa explora o diagnóstico epidemiológico da face no estágio de dentadura decídua. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi composta por 2.009 crianças de etnia brasileira, de ambos os gêneros, entre 3 e 6 anos de idade, no período de dentadura decídua completa, de 20 pré-escolas do município de Bauru/SP. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: baseando-se nos resultados obtidos no levantamento epidemiológico, foi encontrado - na análise em norma lateral - predomínio de crianças Padrão I (63,22%) em relação ao Padrão II (33,10%) e Padrão III (3,68%), não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto ao gênero. Na análise em norma frontal, houve predomínio do tipo mesofacial (64,56%) em relação ao dolicofacial (21,90%) e braquifacial (13,54%), sendo que a proporção do tipo braquifacial nas meninas foi significativamente superior em relação aos meninos. Na distribuição dos tipos faciais frontais dentro dos padrões faciais sagitais ficou evidenciada uma manifestação mais freqüente do tipo dolicofacial dentro dos Padrões II e III, sendo encontrado dimorfismo quanto ao gênero, notadamente no Padrão I, onde houve maior manifestação do tipo braquifacial e menor manifestação do dolicofacial no gênero feminino.
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da Silva Filho OG, Ferrari Júnior FM, Okada Ozawa T. Dental arch dimensions in Class II division 1 malocclusions with mandibular deficiency. Angle Orthod 2008; 78:466-74. [PMID: 18416613 DOI: 10.2319/022307-89.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the dimensions of the upper and lower dental arches in Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular deficiency compared to normal Class I occlusion dental arches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photocopies of the dental arches of 48 patients exhibiting Class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular deficiency and of 51 individuals with normal occlusion were compared. Mandibular deficiency was diagnosed clinically. All 99 individuals were in the permanent dentition. The ages of the subjects ranged from 11 years 4 months to 20 years (mean age = 12 years 5 months). RESULTS When compared to subjects with normal occlusion, the upper dental arches of the Class II division 1 patients presented reduced transverse dimensions and longer sagittal dimensions while the lower arches were less influenced. CONCLUSION The hypothesis is rejected. Significant differences are present between the dimensions of the upper and lower dental arches in Class II division 1 malocclusion (with a mandibular deficiency and in the permanent dentition) compared to normal Class I occlusion dental arches.
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Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134:125-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The relationship between cranial base flexion and facial prognathism has been of interest to orthodontists, orthognathic maxillofacial surgeons, and plastic surgeons. This study aimed to identify the cranial base flexion of adults with anteroposterior skeletal disharmony. Because the sample was representing a mixed racial population, the authors performed an investigation to confirm an association with other researches performed in different parts of the world. The results revealed an increase in the cranial base flexion in cases diagnosed as class II skeletal pattern and reduction in the group with class III skeletal pattern. These findings suggested that the characteristics of the Brazilian cases did not differ from some other studies despite various influences of different ethnicities in that population.
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Abstract
Establishment of the cranial base references and the coordinate system is important for measurement of events occurring on the face. The literature suggests that the horizontal axis is obtained by tracing a line in clockwise direction at seven degrees from the Sella-Nasion line, and the vertical axis is perpendicular to this former axis passing through the Sella point. However, could this standardization better represent the angle between the Sella-Nasion line and Frankfort Horizontal Plane in a Brazilian population and be employed in cephalometric studies? Thus, the present study had two purposes: to identify the cranial base inclination in adult patients presenting with intermaxillary anteroposterior skeletal disharmony and to evaluate the reliability of a protocol to reproduce the cranial base reference. Lateral cephalograms of three different times were traced: T0) onset of orthodontic treatment and immediately before the orthognathic surgery, T1) six months after surgery, and T2) one year after surgery. The results displayed a mean cranial base inclination of 7.91 degrees. Variation of the intraindividual data allowed the conclusion that the protocol proposed by utilization of an individual template of the cranial base reference was effective for the exactness of measurements in cephalometric studies.
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Keski-Nisula K, Keski-Nisula L, Mäkelä P, Mäki-Torkko T, Varrela J. Dentofacial features of children with distal occlusions, large overjets, and deepbites in the early mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130:292-9. [PMID: 16979486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this investigation was to analyze craniofacial morphology in children with distal bites, large overjets, and deepbites in the early mixed dentition. METHODS The sample comprised 486 Finnish children who are participating in an ongoing clinical trial. Cephalograms were obtained at the deciduous-mixed dentition interphase for the baseline of the trial. The mean age of the children was 5.1 years (SD, 2.6; range, 4.0-7.8 years). RESULTS Subjects with bilateral distal steps of > or =1 mm compared with normal had long midfaces (P <.05), short and retrusive mandibles (P <.05), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.01), retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.01), and large interincisal angles (P <.001). Children with overjets of > or =4 mm had retrusive mandibles (P <.001), long maxillae and midfaces (P <.001), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.001), and protrusive maxillary and retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.001). Children with deepbites (overbites of > or =4 mm) had short and retrusive mandibles (P <.05), long midfaces (P <.001) and maxillae (P <.05), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.01), retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.001), and large interincisal angles (P <.001). No differences were found in the length of anterior cranial base, the position of maxilla relative to cranial base, lower facial height, and facial axis angle between any malocclusion group and normal children. All correlations between the occlusal and skeletal characteristics were low, suggesting only weak associations at this stage of development. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the early dentofacial features of children with distal occlusions, large overjets, and deepbites differ from normal values. However, the skeletal patterns of these 3 malocclusion types showed considerable similarities, with long but neutrally positioned maxillae, retrusive mandibles, small maxillomandibular differences, convex profiles, retrusive mandibular incisors, and large interincisal angles, but normal growth directions and lower facial heights as common features.
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Aidar LADA, Abrahão M, Yamashita HK, Dominguez GC. Herbst appliance therapy and temporomandibular joint disc position: A prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129:486-96. [PMID: 16627174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this prospective study was to verify changes in the position of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc by means of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) in adolescent patients treated with the Herbst appliance. METHODS Twenty consecutive Class II Division 1 patients treated with Herbst appliances were selected for the study. MRIs were analyzed at 3 stages: immediately before Herbst treatment (T1), 8 to 10 weeks after appliance placement (T2), and at the end of the 12-month Herbst treatment, immediately after appliance removal (T3). RESULTS Class I or overcorrected Class I dental-arch relationships were observed after Herbst therapy. The qualitative evaluation showed that each patient had the disc within normal limits at T1. At T2, a slight tendency toward disc retrusion because of mandibular advancement was observed, but, at T3, the disc returned to normal, similar to T1 values. By using a quantitative evaluation, parasagittal MRIs (central, medial, and lateral slices) of the TMJs showed that there was no change of disc position from T1 to T3, except in the central slice, which had a retrusive position of the articular disc at T3. CONCLUSIONS During the 12-month period of Herbst appliance treatment, mild changes in the position of the disc occurred in patients whose articular discs were within normal limits at T1. These changes were within normal physiological limits when evaluated in the short term.
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Franchi L, Baccetti T. Transverse maxillary deficiency in Class II and Class III malocclusions: a cephalometric and morphometric study on postero-anterior films. Orthod Craniofac Res 2005; 8:21-8. [PMID: 15667642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2004.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED AUTHORS: Franchi L, Baccetti T. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dentoskeletal features of subjects with either Class II or Class III malocclusions in the mixed dentition using both conventional cephalometric analysis and TPS morphometric analysis applied to posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms. DESIGN TPS analyses of PA cephalograms on 49 Cl-II, and 20 Cl-III subjects. Tracings were done by hand. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence. OUTCOME MEASURE Size and shape differences between Cl-II and Cl-III malocclusions. RESULTS Maxillary width was smaller in both Cl-II and Cl-III subjects compared with normal as measured conventionally. The TPS analysis revealed transverse plane compression and extension in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION In Cl-II and Cl-III subjects the maxillary width was smaller 2.5 and 4 mm, respectively. TPS analyses corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franchi
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Klocke A, Nanda RS, Kahl-Nieke B. Role of cranial base flexure in developing sagittal jaw discrepancies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002; 122:386-91. [PMID: 12411884 DOI: 10.1067/mod.2002.126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal cephalometric study was to investigate skeletal features in patients with small and large cranial base angles. Two groups of untreated subjects were formed on the basis of a small and large cranial base angle N-S-Ar at the age of 5 years: the large cranial base angle group (n = 22) consisted of subjects with an N-S-Ar angle larger than 125 degrees (mean, 128.1 degrees ), and the small cranial base angle group (n = 20) included subjects with an N-S-Ar angle of less than 120 degrees (mean, 117.6 degrees ). Cephalometric data of the 2 groups were analyzed at subject ages 5 and 12 years. At both ages, the groups showed significant differences of the variables SNA, SNB, individualized ANB, and Y axis. The unadjusted ANB angle and the angle of convexity N-A-Pg were not significantly different between the 2 groups. According to the individualized norm of the ANB angle, subjects with a large cranial base angle in the primary dentition demonstrated a skeletal Class II tendency both at the initial observation and at the longitudinal follow-up. On the basis of cephalometric variables at 12 years of age, it was possible to classify 88.1% of the initial large and small cranial base angle individuals, indicating a constancy of the skeletal pattern during the longitudinal follow-up. The relationship between cranial base flexure and skeletal pattern of the jaws seems to be established before the age of 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Klocke
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma, USA.
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Klocke A, Nanda RS, Kahl-Nieke B. Skeletal Class II patterns in the primary dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002; 121:596-601. [PMID: 12080312 DOI: 10.1067/mod.2002.122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal cephalometric study was to investigate early characteristics of favorable and unfavorable growth. Two groups of untreated subjects with skeletal Class II pattern were formed on the basis of an ANB angle at least 2.5 degrees above the individual norm, according to Järvinen, at age 5. The subjects were followed longitudinally until age 12. The favorable growth group (n = 13) consisted of subjects who exhibited a decrease in the individualized ANB angle of at least 1.5 degrees during follow-up. The unfavorable growth group (n = 10) was characterized by an increase in the individualized ANB angle during the growth period from 5 to 12 years. Early characteristics of unfavorable growth included increased mandibular plane angle (measured to the sella-nasion line and the palatal plane, P <.05), increased lower gonial angle (P <.05), and a decreased ratio of posterior-to-anterior face height (P <.05) [corrected]. At the longitudinal follow-up at age 12, the 2 groups showed significant differences in SNB (P <.01) and individualized ANB (P <.01). The improved sagittal jaw relationship in the favorable growth group was the result of changed mandibular position. Morphogenetic posterior rotation seems to occur early in patients with skeletal Class II pattern and unfavorable growth and might be part of an adaptive mechanism compensating for insufficient mandibular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Klocke
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA.
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Ferreira RI, Barreira AK, Soares CD, Alves AC. [Prevalence of normal occlusion traits in deciduous dentition]. PESQUISA ODONTOLOGICA BRASILEIRA = BRAZILIAN ORAL RESEARCH 2001; 15:23-8. [PMID: 11705312 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-74912001000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the normal occlusal patterns of deciduous dentition in Brazilian preschool children. The sample consisted of 356 preschool children, of both genders, aged 3-5 1/2 years from the urban zone of Salvador, Bahia. The occlusion exam was carried out by two examiners, in the classroom, utilizing a wooden spatula. The data were analyzed by the statistical program EPI-INFO 6.02 using the Chi-squared test. The frequency of the type I arch was 43.3% for the upper and 46.3% for the lower arch. The frequency of the type II arch was 56.7% for the upper and 53.75 for the lower arch, however, no difference between genders was noticed. The distribution of primate spaces was: 89.9% for the upper and 67.1% for the lower arch. This prevalence decreased significantly as age increased (p < 0.01). Normal canine relationship was found in almost 60% of the children for the right and left sides. Out of 712 evaluated terminal planes, 55.9% presented mesial terminal step for the primary second molars, 37.9% straight terminal plane and 6.2% distal step. The results permitted to conclude that the presence of generalized spacing between incisors, commonly described by other authors, was not the most prevailing condition for both arches in this sample. On the other hand, primate spaces were the most common ones. The most frequent normal occlusal patterns for canine and molar relationships were found to be the Class I patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Ferreira
- Disciplina de Odontopediatria-Faculdade de Odontologia, UFBA
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