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Rahmawati R, Hartati YW, Latip JB, Herlina T. An overview of techniques and strategies for isolation of flavonoids from the genus Erythrina. J Sep Sci 2023:e2200800. [PMID: 36715692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, one of which is flavonoids, which have diverse bioactivities. To date, literature on the flavonoids from the genus Erythrina has only highlighted the phytochemical aspects, so this review article will discuss isolation techniques and strategies for the first time. More than 420 flavonoids have been reported in the Erythrina genus, which are grouped into 17 categories. These flavonoid compounds were obtained through isolation techniques and strategies using polar, semi-polar, and non-polar solvents. Various chromatographic techniques have been developed to isolate flavonoids using column flash chromatography, quick column chromatography, centrifugally accelerated thin-layer chromatography, radial chromatography, medium-pressure column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic processes for isolating flavonoids can be optimized using multivariate statistical applications such as response surface methodology with central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Doehlert design, and mixture design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Rahmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory of the Directorate of Research and Community Service, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Jalifah Binti Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Gibis M. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Cooked Meat Products: Causes, Formation, Occurrence, and Risk Assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:269-302. [PMID: 33371602 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Meat products are sources of protein with high biological value and an essential source of other nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals. Heating processes cause food to become more appetizing with changes in texture, appearance, flavor, and chemical properties by the altering of protein structure and other ingredients. During heat treatment, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), potent mutagens/carcinogens, are formed due to the Maillard reaction. The HAAs are classified in at least 2 groups: thermic HAAs (100 to 300 °C) and pyrolytic HAAs (>300 °C). This review focuses on the parameters and precursors which affect the formation of HAAs: preparation, such as the marinating of meat, and cooking methods, including temperature, duration, and heat transfer, as well as levels of precursors. Additionally, factors are described subject to pH, and the type of meat and ingredients, such as added antioxidants, types of carbohydrates and amino acids, ions, fat, and other substances inhibiting or enhancing the formation of HAAs. An overview of the different analytical methods available is shown to determine the HAAs, including their preparation to clean up the sample prior to extraction. Epidemiological results and human daily intake of HAAs obtained from questionnaires show a relationship between the preference for very well-done meat products with increased HAA levels and an enhanced risk of the incidence of cancer, besides other carcinogens in the diet. The metabolic pathway of HAAs is governed by the activity of several enzymes leading to the formation of DNA adducts or HAA excretion and genetic sensitivity of individuals to the impact of HAAs on human cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gibis
- Dept. of Food Physics and Meat Science, Inst. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Univ. of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Newsome TE, Zewe JW, Olesik SV. Electrospun nanofibrous solid-phase microextraction coatings for preconcentration of pharmaceuticals prior to liquid chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1262:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aşçi B, Dönmmez ÖA, Bozdoğan A, Sungur S. Experimental design of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic conditions for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and nipagen. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Andrés F, Zougagh M, Castañeda G, Ríos A. Simultaneous determination of six non-polar heterocyclic amines in meat samples by supercritical fluid extraction-capillary electrophoresis under fluorimetric detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2165-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Andrés F, Zougagh M, Castañeda G, Ríos A. Determination of heterocyclic amines in urine samples by capillary liquid chromatography with evaporated light-scattering detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:223-231. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Martín-Calero A, Pino V, Ayala JH, González V, Afonso AM. Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: Application to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat-based infant foods. Talanta 2009; 79:590-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stalikas C, Fiamegos Y, Sakkas V, Albanis T. Developments on chemometric approaches to optimize and evaluate microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:175-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Melo A, Viegas O, Petisca C, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO. Effect of beer/red wine marinades on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in pan-fried beef. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10625-10632. [PMID: 18950185 DOI: 10.1021/jf801837s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of beer or red wine marinades on the reduction of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) formation in pan-fried beef was compared. The cooking experiments were performed under well-controlled temperature and time conditions. The samples were analyzed for HAs contents using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/fluorescence detection. Unmarinated samples cooked in similar conditions provided reference HAs levels. Marinating with beer or with red wine resulted in decreased levels of HAs. The amount of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline reduced significantly, respectively, around 88 and 40% after 6 h of marinating with beer or with wine. High variations were observed for reductions of AalphaC, ranging between 7 and 77%. Only beer marinade significantly reduced the levels of 4,8-DiMeIQx at 1, 2, and 4 h of marinating. Multivariate statistical treatment of results indicated that beer can be more efficient on the reduction of some HAs formation. In addition, results from descriptive sensory analysis of unmarinated and 2 h marinated beef samples, tested for by two trained sensory panels, pointed to beer marinade as the most adequate for maintaining the usual overall appearance and quality of the pan-fried steaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armindo Melo
- REQUIMTE, Servico de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sanz Alaejos M, Ayala J, González V, Afonso A. Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 862:15-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Melo A, Viegas O, Eça R, Petisca C, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO. Extraction, Detection, and Quantification of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Portuguese Meat Dishes by HPLC/Diode Array. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701855987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Melo
- a REQUIMTE‐Serviço de Bromatologia , Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - O. Viegas
- b Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação , Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - R. Eça
- a REQUIMTE‐Serviço de Bromatologia , Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Petisca
- b Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação , Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - O. Pinho
- a REQUIMTE‐Serviço de Bromatologia , Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
- b Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação , Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Cataldi TRI, Orlando D, Nardiello D, Rubino A, Bianco G, Abate S, Ciriello R, Guerrieri A. A three-factor Doehlert matrix design in optimising the determination of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide by cation-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:129-36. [PMID: 17658322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective chromatographic method with suppressed conductivity detection was developed and validated to determine dissolved samples of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C18H37N+ Me3Br-, ODTAB) for purity testing. A response surface methodology generated with a Doehlert matrix design was applied to optimize the chromatographic and detection conditions in ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) with conductivity detection in the chemical suppression mode. A three-factor Doehlert design was performed to fit a second-order model and jointly optimize the peak intensity and shorten analysis time through a global desirability function. Regenerant flow rate, volume fraction of acetonitrile in the acidic eluent and its flow rate were studied at seven, five and three levels, respectively. The optimized separation and detection conditions were accomplished by using a cation-exchange column eluted at 0.5 mL min(-1) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of CH3CN and 25 mN H2SO4, 82/18 (v/v). Chemical suppression of ionic conductivity was performed by 100 mN tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as a regenerant at a flow-rate of 4.0 mL min(-1). Remarkably good agreement was found between predicted and experimental values of signal intensity and chromatographic retention. With the developed method, a linear calibration curve of ODTA+ as bromide salt from 5 to 1000 ppm was obtained using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as internal standard. The estimated limit of detection was 0.3 ppm (S/N=3). The effectiveness of electrochemically suppressed conductivity detection of ODTA+ was also demonstrated, thus making easier the whole detection operation and instrumental needs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro, 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Ferreira SLC, Bruns RE, da Silva EGP, Dos Santos WNL, Quintella CM, David JM, de Andrade JB, Breitkreitz MC, Jardim ICSF, Neto BB. Statistical designs and response surface techniques for the optimization of chromatographic systems. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1158:2-14. [PMID: 17416377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes fundamentals and applications of multivariate statistical techniques for the optimization of chromatographic systems. The surface response methodologies: central composite design, Doehlert matrix and Box-Behnken design are discussed and applications of these techniques for optimization of sample preparation steps (extractions) and determination of experimental conditions for chromatographic separations are presented. The use of mixture design for optimization of mobile phases is also related. An optimization example involving a real separation process is exhaustively described. A discussion about model validation is presented. Some applications of other multivariate techniques for optimization of chromatographic methods are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Luis Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-290, Brazil.
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Martín‐Calero A, Pino V, Ayala JH, González V, Afonso AM. Focused Microwave‐Assisted Extraction and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection to Determine Heterocyclic Amines in Meat Extracts. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070601034204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Martín‐Calero
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science , University of La Laguna. Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , La Laguna, Spain
| | - Verónica Pino
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science , University of La Laguna. Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan H. Ayala
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science , University of La Laguna. Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , La Laguna, Spain
| | - Venerando González
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science , University of La Laguna. Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana M. Afonso
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science , University of La Laguna. Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , La Laguna, Spain
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Martín-Calero A, Ayala JH, González V, Afonso AM. Determination of less polar heterocyclic amines in meat extracts. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 582:259-66. [PMID: 17386501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of less polar heterocyclic amines in meat extracts using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection is presented. Analytes were first extracted from the samples using methanol/NaOH by an ultrasound-assisted method, and then concentrated on a Carbowax-templated resin (CW-TPR) SPME fiber. The extraction conditions such as extractant mixture composition, extraction time and extractions number, were optimized and the need of an extract freezing step previous to SPME is discussed. The detection limits under optimal conditions are in the range of 0.28-1.1 ng g(-1). The method was applied to the determination of less polar heterocyclic amines in four commercial meat extracts. Recovery values obtained are higher than 60% for the majority of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Martín-Calero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain
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