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Pu H, Yu J, Sun DW, Wei Q, Li Q. Distinguishing pericarpium citri reticulatae of different origins using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural networks. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122771. [PMID: 37244024 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The geographical indication of pericarpium citri reticulatae (PCR) is very important in grading the quality and price of PCRs. Therefore, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology combined with convolutional neural networks (CNN) was proposed to distinguish PCRs of different origins without damage in this study. The one-dimensional CNN (1D-CNN) model with an accuracy of 82.99% based on spectral data processed with SNV was established. The two-dimensional image features were transformed from unprocessed spectral data using the gramian angular field (GAF), the Markov transition field (MTF) and the recurrence plot (RP), which were used to build a two-dimensional CNN (2D-CNN) model with an accuracy of 78.33%. Further, the CNN models with different fusion methods were developed for fusing spectra data and image data. In addition, the adding spectra and images based on the CNN (Add-CNN) model with an accuracy of 86.17% performed better. Eventually, the Add-CNN model based on ten frequencies extracted using permutation importance (PI) achieved the identification of PCRs from different origins. Overall, the current study would provide a new method for identifying PCRs of different origins, which was expected to be used for the traceability of PCRs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingxiao Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Qingyi Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Terahertz Technology and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, China
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Comparative Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Different Parts of Citrus sinensis Fruits via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Data Analyses to Unravel Authenticity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030579. [PMID: 36766108 PMCID: PMC9914239 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences between seven authentic samples of Citrus sinensis var. Valencia peel (albedo and flavedo) and juices from Spain and Uruguay, in addition to a concentrate obtained from Brazil, were investigated by untargeted metabolic profiling. Sixty-six metabolites were detected by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (nLC-ESI-qTOF-MS) belonging to phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, limonoids, terpenes, and fatty acids. Eleven metabolites were detected for the first time in Citrus sinensis and identified as citroside A, sinapic acid pentoside, apigenin-C-hexosyl-O-pentoside, chrysoeriol-C-hexoside, di-hexosyl-diosmetin, perilloside A, gingerol, ionone epoxide hydroxy-sphingenine, xanthomicrol, and coumaryl alcohol-O-hexoside. Some flavonoids were completely absent from the juice, while present most prominently in the Citrus peel, conveying more industrial and economic prospects to the latter. Multivariate data analyses clarified that the differences among orange parts overweighed the geographical source. PCA analysis of ESI-(-)-mode data revealed for hydroxylinoleic acid abundance in flavedo peel from Uruguay the most distant cluster from all others. The PCA analysis of ESI-(+)-mode data provided a clear segregation of the different Citrus sinensis parts primarily due to the large diversity of flavonoids and coumarins among the studied samples.
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Lamichhane G, Pandey J, Devkota HP. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ponciri Fructus. Molecules 2022; 28:255. [PMID: 36615447 PMCID: PMC9821892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal 32900, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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4
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Jia Q, Zhang H, Hu P, Yang Y, Yang Y, Kang X, Li X, Wu Y, Xiao J, Zhou B. Chemical profiling and quality evaluation of Callicarpa nudiflora from different regions in China by UPLC-QTOF-MS fingerprint. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200444. [PMID: 36066484 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Callicarpa nudiflora, belonging to the family Verbenaceaae, is wildly used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Luo-hua-zi-zhu) for hemostasis, antibiosis and antiphlogosis in clinlic. However, the underlying chemical basis of C. nudiflora for the significant effects remains obscure. Hence, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was established for the characterization of multi-constituents in C. nudiflora. As a result, 57 chemical compounds were identified based on their retention times, accurate masses and MS/MS data, and 20 of them were uncovered for the first time in C. nudiflora. In addition, an optimized UHPLC fingerprint analysis, combined with chemometrics including similarity analysis , principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis was developed for quality assessment and origin discrimination of C. nudiflora. Multivariate data analysis revealed the resemblances and differences of C. nudiflora related to regions, while partial least squares-discriminant analysis screened nine characteristic markers including luteoloside, acteoside, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, pachypodol, isoquercitrin, nudifloside, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxy-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavone, 7α-acetoxysandaracopimaric acid and sandaracopimaric acid which contributed the most to the classification. This was the first report on the comprehensive profiling of chemical components in C. nudiflora, which helped to uncover the material basis of C. nudiflora and possess potential value for quality evaluation and clinical application purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- Qinghai University, state key laboratory, 251 Ning Road, Chengbei District, Xining City, Qinghai Province, 810016, xining, CHINA
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- East-China Institute of Technology: East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 130 meilong road, 810016, shanghai, CHINA
| | - Ping Hu
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Meilong road, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 ge bai ni road, shanghai, CHINA
| | - Yifang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 ge bai ni road, shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xingdong Kang
- jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, 5 ji an road, ji an, CHINA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, iangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, 5 ji an road, ji an, CHINA
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 5 ji an road, ji an, CHINA
| | - Junping Xiao
- jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., jiangxi puzheng pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., 5 ji an road, ji an, CHINA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 ge bai ni road, shanghai, CHINA
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Azevedo Beluomini M, Ramos Stradiotto N, Boldrin Zanoni MV. Simultaneous detection of hesperidin and narirutin in residual water using nanoporous platinum electrosynthesized by alloying-dealloying mechanism. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Beluomini MA, Stradiotto NR, Boldrin MV. Electrosynthesis of three-dimensional nanoporous nickel on screen-printed electrode used for the determination of narirutin in citrus wastewater. Food Chem 2021; 353:129427. [PMID: 33714111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical sensor was designed for the detection of narirutin using three-dimensional nanostructured porous nickel on screen-printed electrode (3DnpNi/SPE). The modified electrode was successfully synthesized by the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method. The 3DnpNi/SPE was characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the 3DnpNi/SPE presents good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of narirutin. The quantification of narirutin was conducted by differential pulse voltammetry, which showed a wide concentration range (1.0 × 10-7 - 1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1), with low detection limit (3.9 × 10-8 mol L-1), and excellent sensitivity (0.31 A L mol-1). The proposed electrode was applied toward the determination of narirutin in yellow water sample from the citrus industry, where it presented a good degree of accuracy. The 3DnpNi/SPE showed repeatability, long-term stability, and selectivity. The results obtained showed agreement with those obtained by HPLC/DAD method. Chemical compounds studied in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Azevedo Beluomini
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil; Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maria Valnice Boldrin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Simultaneous determination of 14 bioactive citrus flavonoids using thin-layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2020; 338:128115. [PMID: 33092006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids consist of diverse analogs and possess various health-promoting effects dramatically depending on their chemical structures. Since different flavonoids usually co-exist in real samples, it's necessary to develop rapid and efficient methods for simultaneous determination of multiple flavonoids. Thin layer chromatography combined with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) was established to simultaneously separate and detect 14 citrus flavonoids for the first time. These target compounds could be characterized and discriminated when paired with SERS at 6-500 times greater the sensitivity than TLC alone. TLC-SERS exhibited high recovery rates (91.5-121.7%) with relative standard deviation lower than 20.8%. Moreover, the established TLC-SERS method was successfully used to simultaneously detect multiple flavonoids in real samples, which exhibited comparable accuracy to high performance liquid chromatography with shorter analytical time (10 vs 45 min). All the results demonstrated that this could be a promising method for simultaneous, rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of flavonoids.
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Dong-Wei C, Yuan Z, Xiao-Yi D, Yu Z, Guo-Hui L, Xue-Song F. Progress in Pretreatment and Analytical Methods of Coumarins: An Update since 2012 - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:503-526. [PMID: 32314593 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1750338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are widely used due to their wide range of biological activities, but the long-term or excessive use of coumarin flavors can pose serious health hazards. Therefore, sensitive and specific methods for the quantification of these compounds in different matrices have been developed. In this review, an updated overview of the latest trends in sample preparation techniques and methods used to detect coumarins from March 2012 to April 2019 is provided. This study reviews different analytical methods (such as liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, electrochemical sensors, capillary electrophoresis, etc.) and different pretreatment methods (such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, etc.). Different methods for the pretreatment and determination of coumarins in plant, food, environmental, pharmaceutical and biological samples are summarized, discussed and compared.HighlightsProgress in pretreatment and analytical methods of coumarins are summarized.Fundamentals, instrumentation and applications of purification and quantification are summarized and compared.Optimization of experimental conditions are discussed.Newly emerged eco-friendly methods are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Dong-Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Xiao-Yi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo-Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue-Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Volatile Organic Compounds Profiles to Determine Authenticity of Sweet Orange Juice Using Head Space Gas Chromatography Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040505. [PMID: 32316240 PMCID: PMC7231238 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical method for identifying mandarin juice over-blended into not from concentrate (NFC) orange juice was established. Juices were extracted from different cultivars of sweet orange and mandarin fruits. After being pasteurized, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the juice samples were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection. Thirty-two VOCs contained in both the sweet orange juice and mandarin juice were used as variables, and the identification model for discriminating between the two varieties of juice was established by principal component analysis. Validation was applied by using common mandarin juices from Ponkan, Satsuma and Nanfengmiju cultivars blended at series of proportions into orange juices from Long-leaf, Olinda, and Hamlin cultivars. The model can visually identify a blending of mandarin juice at the volume fraction of 10% or above.
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10
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Phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and health benefits of citrus peel. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109114. [PMID: 32331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus peel (CP) forms around 40-50% of the total fruit mass but is generally thought to be a waste. However, it is a substantial source of naturally occurring health enhancing compounds, particularly phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Phenolic compounds in CP mainly comprise phenolic acids (primarily caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid), flavanones (generally naringin and hesperidin) and polymethoxylated flavones (notably nobiletin and tangeretin). It has also been noted that CP's contain more amounts of these compounds than corresponding edible parts of the fruits. Phenolic compounds present in CP act as antioxidants (by either donation of protons or electrons) and protect cells against free radical damage as well as help in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. Owing to the more abundance of polyphenols in CP's, their antioxidant activity is also higher than other edible fruit parts. Therefore, peels from citrus fruits can be used as sources of functional compounds and preservatives for the development of newer food products, that are not only safe but also have health-promoting activities. The present review provides in-depth knowledge about the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and health benefits of CP.
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Li GJ, Wu HJ, Wang Y, Hung WL, Rouseff RL. Determination of citrus juice coumarins, furanocoumarins and methoxylated flavones using solid phase extraction and HPLC with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2018; 271:29-38. [PMID: 30236679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic combination of analytical techniques was developed for the simultaneous determination of the three most biologically active chemical families in citrus juices: methoxylated flavones, coumarins, and furanocoumarins. No rapid methodology has been available to determine them together. A solid phase extraction concentrated these groups and a ternary reverse phase HPLC gradient completely resolved them from other juice components. Two coumarins, isomeranzin and osthole, were identified in a sweet orange (C. sinensis) cultivar, Changyecheng, for the first time. Pummelo juice was characterized by coumarin and furanocoumarin epoxides such as meranzin and epoxybergamottin. No epoxides were observed in the more acidic juices. Added furanocoumarin epoxides hydrolyzed rapidly in the most acidic juices. The ratios of the UV peak areas at 320 nm to the fluorescence emission peaks as well as the ratio of fluorescence emission peaks at 450-400 nm could be used to identify chromatographic peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jie Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hou-Jiu Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.
| | - Wei-Lun Hung
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.
| | - Russell L Rouseff
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Park H, Hwang YH, Choi JG, Ma JY. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of systemic and genetic toxicity of Citrus unshiu peel. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:120-123. [PMID: 29274356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The peel of Citrus unshiu Markovich fruits (CUP), called "Jinpi" in Korea, and "Chenpi" in China, has been used for the treatment of respiratory and blood circulation disorders in traditional oriental medicine (TOM). Despite its widespread uses in TOM, no information on the safety of CUP has been reported. Thus, genotoxicity and systemic toxicity of CUP were evaluated in the current studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a toxicological evaluation of CUP water extracts using acute and subchronic (13-week repeated-dose) toxicity tests and three genotoxicity assays (bacterial reverse mutation, mammalian chromosomal aberration, and micronuclei formation). RESULTS In acute and subchronic toxicity tests, both the median lethal dose (LD50) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) were more than 4000mg/kg/day in rats. None of the genotoxicity assays revealed any mutagenicity or clastogenicity in in vitro and in vivo systems. CONCLUSION CUP water extracts were found to be nongenotoxic under our testing conditions and had low acute and subchronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayong Park
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM (Korean Medicine) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
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Duan L, Dou LL, Yu KY, Guo L, Bai-Zhong C, Li P, Liu EH. Polymethoxyflavones in peel of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ and their biological activities. Food Chem 2017; 234:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhao LH, Zhao HZ, Zhao X, Kong WJ, Hu YC, Yang SH, Yang MH. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Bioactive Flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:168-173. [PMID: 27313153 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a commonly-used traditional Chinese medicine with flavonoids as the major bioactive components. Nevertheless, the contents of the flavonoids in CRP of different sources may significantly vary affecting their therapeutic effects. Thus, the setting up of a reliable and comprehensive quality assessment method for flavonoids in CRP is necessary. OBJECTIVE To set up a rapid and sensitive ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of seven bioactive flavonoids in CRP. METHODS A UFLC-MS/MS method coupled to ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed for simultaneous separation and quantification of seven flavonoids including hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringin, narirutin, tangeretin, nobiletin and sinensetin in 16 batches of CRP samples from different sources in China. RESULTS The established method showed good linearity for all analytes with correlation coefficient (R) over 0.9980, together with satisfactory accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Furthermore, the recoveries at the three spiked levels were higher than 89.71% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 5.19%. The results indicated that the contents of seven bioactive flavonoids in CRP varied significantly among different sources. Among the samples under study, hesperidin showed the highest contents in 16 samples ranged from 27.50 to 86.30 mg/g, the contents of hesperidin in CRP-15 and CRP-9 were 27.50 and 86.30 mg/g, respectively, while, the amount of narirutin was too low to be measured in some samples. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the developed UFLC-MS/MS method was simple, sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of multi-components in CRP with potential perspective for quality control of complex matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hua Zhao
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Zhao
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, 132101, China
| | - Wei-Jun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi-Hai Yang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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15
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Zhao Y, Chang YS, Chen P. Differentiation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus using flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) metabolic fingerprinting method combined with chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 107:251-7. [PMID: 25622204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection mass spectrometric metabolic fingerprinting method in combination with chemometrics was used to differentiate Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from its counterfeit Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus. Flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprints of 9 Aurantii Fructus Immaturus samples and 12 Poniciri Trifoliatae Fructus Immaturus samples were acquired and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). The authentic herbs were differentiated from their counterfeits easily. Eight characteristic components which were responsible for the differences between the samples were tentatively identified. Furthermore, three out of the eight components, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, were quantified. The results are useful to help identify the authenticity of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
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