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Pandey P, Khan F, Ramniwas S, Saeed M, Ahmad I. A mechanistic review of the pharmacological potential of narirutin: a dietary flavonoid. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03022-w. [PMID: 38457040 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Flavanones, a type of polyphenol, are found in substantial amounts in citrus fruits. When high- or moderate-dose orange juice consumption occurs, flavanones make up a significant portion of the total polyphenols in plasma. Disaccharide derivative narirutin, mainly dihydroxy flavanone, is found in citrus fruits. The substantial chemotherapeutic potential of narirutin has been amply demonstrated by numerous experimental studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to compile the research that has already been done showing narirutin to be a promising anticancer drug, with its mechanism of action being documented in treatment plans for various cancer forms. Narirutin functions in a variety of cancer cells by regulating several pathways that include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and DNA repair. Narirutin has been shown to modify many molecular targets linked to the development of cancer, including drug transporters, cell cycle mediators, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these reviews offer important new information about narirutin's potential as a potent and promising drug candidate for use in medicines, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and other products targeted at improving the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Luo L, Wang S, Liu W, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Liu A. Narirutin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:692-705. [PMID: 38047987 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Narirutin (Nar) is a flavonoid that is abundantly present in citrus fruits and has attracted considerable attention because of its diverse pharmacological activities and low toxicity. Here, we evaluated the preventive effects of Nar in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-injured mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-injured bEnd.3 cells. Pretreatment with Nar (150 mg/kg) for 7 days effectively reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and significantly inhibited neuronal death in the hippocampus and cortex in MCAO/R-injured mice. Moreover, anti-apoptotic effects of Nar (50 µM) were observed in OGD/R-injured bEnd.3 cells. In addition, Nar pre-administration regulated blood-brain barrier function by increasing tight junction-related protein expression after MCAO/R and OGD/R injury. Nar also inhibited NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by reducing the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these results provide new evidence for the use of Nar in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zimei Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Hsieh CY, Tsai PW, Tomioka Y, Matsumoto Y, Akiyama Y, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Lee CJ. Chronopharmacology of diuresis via metabolic profiling and key biomarker discovery of the traditional Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San using tandem mass spectrometry in rat models. Phytomedicine 2024; 124:155260. [PMID: 38176264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription used for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, relief of foot pain, athlete's foot, diuresis, gout. Although many studies have investigated the active compounds in each herb, the functional mechanism behind its therapeutic effect remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN Metabolic cages for sample collection. The serum components obtained from the experimental animals were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, cross-analysis using the software MetaboAnalyst and Venn diagrams were used to investigate chronopharmacology of JMS in the animal models. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyze the diuretic effects of JMS and to explore their chronopharmacology involved in organ regulation through four-quarter periods from serum samples of rat models. METHODS Metabolic cages were used for collecting the urine samples and PocketChem UA PU-4010, Fuji DRI-CHEM 800 were used to examine the urine biochemical parameters. The serum components were identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) with a new developed method. Cross analysis, Venn diagram, MetaboAnalyst were used to investigate the key biomarker and major metabolism route with the oral administration of the drug. RESULT JMS significantly changed the 6 h urine volume with no observed kidney toxicity. Urine pH value ranges from 7.0 to 7.5. The chronopharmacology of JMS diuresis activity were 0-6 and 6-12 groups. UPLC-Q-TOF analyses identified 243 metabolites which were determined in positive mode and negative mode respectively. With cross analysis in the Venn diagram, one key biomarker naringenin-7-O-glucoside has been identified. Major metabolic pathways such as 1: Glycerophospholipid metabolism, 2: Primary bile acid biosynthesis, 3: Sphingolipid metabolism, 4: Riboflavin metabolism, 5: Linoleic acid metabolism, 6: Butanoate metabolism. CONCLUSION JMS significantly changed the urine output of animals in the 0-6 and 6-12 groups. No change in urine pH was observed and also kidney toxicity. A new UPLC-Q-TOF method was developed for the detection of the metabolites of JMS after oral administration. The cross analysis with Venn diagram and identified the key biomarker of JMS namely naringenin-7-O-glucoside. The results showed that six major pathways are involved in the gastrointestinal system and the liver. This study demonstrated the capability of JMS prescription in the regulation of diuresis and identified a key biomarker that is responsible for its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, 1002 Metro Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Mapua University, Makati, Philippines
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Cho SC, Shaw SY. Comparison of the inhibition effects of naringenin and its glycosides on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:56. [PMID: 38165461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is intricately linked to the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Flavonoids, commonly found in plants, are known for their diverse health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are categorized into different classes based on their chemical structure. structures. However, limited research has compared the effects of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin and its glycosides (naringin and narirutin) in RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS RAW264.7 cells were treated with naringenin, naringin, and narirutin, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. The levels of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were assessed. Additionally, the study examined nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation using western blot analysis. Among the compounds tested, narirutin exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effect against TNF-α, NO, and iNOS. Naringin and narirutin showed comparable inhibitory effects on IL-1β and COX-2. Both naringin and narirutin suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting different levels of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Naringenin demonstrated the weakest anti-inflammatory effect, primarily inhibiting NF-κB and reducing the phosphorylation levels of p38. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the presence of glycosides on naringenin and the varied binding forms of sugars in naringenin glycosides significantly influence the anti-inflammatory effects compared with naringenin in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chi Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shyh-Yu Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan (ROC).
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Park KH, Makki HMM, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Jung J. Narirutin ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by targeting MAPK14 in zebrafish larvae. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115350. [PMID: 37633055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) encompasses a range of hepatic abnormalities, including isolated alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The flavanone-7-O-glycoside narirutin (NRT), the primary flavonoid in citrus peel, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering activity. We investigated the effects of NRT on liver injury induced by alcohol and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Zebrafish larvae were used to investigate the effects of NRT on acute exposure to ethanol (EtOH). Liver phenotypic, morphological, and biochemical assessments were performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of NRT. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were conducted to identify candidate targets of NRT in EtOH-induced liver injury. A drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay was conducted to evaluate the binding of NRT to mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14). The mechanism of action of NRT was validated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The liver phenotypic, morphological, and biochemical assessments revealed that NRT has potential therapeutic effects against acute EtOH-induced liver injury. RT-qPCR confirmed that NRT reversed the change in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, lipogenesis, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/unfolded protein response pathway. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified potential targets of NRT's protective effects and confirmed that NRT regulates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14). CONCLUSIONS NRT mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury by preventing lipid formation, protecting the antioxidant system, and suppressing ER stress-induced apoptosis through MAPK14 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Haytham Mohamedelfatih Mohamed Makki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduation School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Joo Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, South Korea.
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduation School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Hsieh CY, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Deng SX, Tsai PW, Lee CJ. In vitro and in vivo anti-osteoarthritis effects of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116084. [PMID: 36584922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional herbal prescription consisting of seven herbs including Areca cathechu Burm.f., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.). It was first recorded during the Song dynasty and has been used extensively for protection against rheumatism, treatment of swelling of tendons, relief from foot pain, gout and diuresis and other forms of inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis activity of JMS extracts with the use of different cell lines (RAW 264.7 cells, SW1353 cells and primary cultured rat chondrocytes). MIA-induced rat animal models were used to assess the anti-osteoarthritis activity of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of JMS-95E on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. For the in vivo study, male Wistar rats were used and they were randomly assigned in different groups: blank, control, positive control and three different JMS-95E treatment groups (200, 400, 800 mg/kg/d). Paw edema, hind-limb weight bearing, serum inflammatory cytokines including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining experiments were used to assess the efficacy of the extract in the rat model. RESULT JMS 95% ethanol extract (JMS-95E, marker substance: narirutin (5.10 mg/g) and hesperidin (11.33 mg/g) has been identified in the extract using high pressure liquid chromatography. For in vitro assays, JMS-95E did not exhibit cytotoxicity and was able to downregulate the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and MMP-13. The production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 were also reduced with an increase in dose-dependent manner in various cell lines. Inhibitory activity on the key enzyme xanthine oxidase was also observed in this study. In rat animal models, JMS-95E reduced the inflammatory responses such as acute swelling, chondrocyte degradation and pain section of paw edema in rat model. Molecular marker studies of inflammation demonstrated that JMS-95E significantly decrease PGE2 expression in MIA model. CONCLUSION JMS-95E inhibited the inflammatory pathway leading to the production or expression levels of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in macrophage cells. In primary cultured rat chondrocytes iNOS and SW1353 MMP-13 expression were downregulated after JMS-95E treatment. For the in vivo study JMS-95E significantly reduced the paw volume of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema through each dose and significantly inhibited paw volume, counterweight the distribution of hind-paw weight bearing through the MIA model which means JMS-95E could promote recovery of the acute swelling and chondrocyte degradation of the ankle joints. The above results provided the multiple mechanism of JMS-95E in OA treatment of the scientific founding which supported the description of JMS in traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Shun-Xin Deng
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Singh S, Maurya AK, Meena A, Mishra N, Luqman S. Narirutin. A flavonoid found in citrus fruits modulates cell cycle phases and inhibits the proliferation of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells by targeting hyaluronidase. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113638. [PMID: 36708865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Narirutin is a dietary flavanone found in lemons, oranges, passion fruit, bergamot and grapefruit. It possesses anti-allergic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective potential, and its enriched fraction suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells; however, there is currently no information on the chemopreventive potential of narirutin alone against hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and its mode of action. Thus, the chemopreventive possibility of narirutin was investigated in PC-3 cells by utilising cytotoxicity assays. Further, a mechanism was deduced targeting hyaluronidase, an early-stage diagnosis marker, by cell-free, cell-based and in silico studies. The results indicate that narirutin reduced the viability of PC-3 cells with the inhibitory concentration range of 66.87-59.80 μM. It induced G0/G1 phase arrest with a fold change of 1.12. Besides, it increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a fold change of 1.34 at 100 μM. Narirutin inhibited hyaluronidase's activity in cell-free (11.17 μM) and cell-based assays (67.23 μM) and showed a strong binding interaction with hyaluronidase. Finally, the MD simulation analysis supported the idea that narirutin binding enhanced compactness and stability and created a stable complex with hyaluronidase. In addition, ADMET prediction indicates that it is a non-toxic, non-CYPs inhibitor and thus didn't alter the metabolism. The results reveal that narirutin may be a potential chemopreventive agent for hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells in addition to offering data for supporting diet-based nutraceutical agents to prevent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Singh S, Maurya AK, Meena A, Mishra N, Luqman S. Narirutin downregulates lipoxygenase-5 expression and induces G0/G1 arrest in triple-negative breast carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130340. [PMID: 36868290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20% of breast cancer that does not express HER2, progesterone and estrogen receptors. It is associated with a high mortality rate, morbidity, metastasis, recurrence, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cathepsin-D (CATD), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis; hence, there is a pressing need to identify novel chemicals that targets these enzymes. Narirutin, a flavanone glycoside abundantly present in citrus fruits, is reported to have immune-modulatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant potential. Still, the cancer chemopreventive mechanism against TNBC has not been explored. METHODS In vitro experiments, enzyme activity, expression analysis, molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out. RESULTS Narirutin suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in a dose-proportional manner. The pronounced effect with >50% inhibition was observed in SRB and MTT assays for MDAMB-231 cells. Unexpectedly, narirutin suppressed the proliferation of normal cells (24.51%) at 100 μM. Further, narirutin inhibits the activity of LOX-5 in cell-free (18.18 ± 3.93 μM) and cell-based (48.13 ± 7.04 μM) test systems while moderately affecting COX-2, CATD, ODC and DHFR activity. Moreover, narirutin revealed a down-regulation of LOX-5 expression with a fold change of 1.23. Besides, MD simulation experiments confirm that narirutin binding forms a stable complex with LOX-5 and improves the stability and compactness of LOX-5. In addition, the prediction analysis demonstrates that narirutin could not cross the blood-brain barrier and did not act as an inhibitor of different CYPs. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Narirutin could be a potent cancer chemopreventive lead for TNBC, further paving the way for synthesizing novel analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Shi S, Bai X, Ji Q, Wan H, An H, Kang X, Guo S. Molecular mechanism of ion channel protein TMEM16A regulated by natural product of narirutin for lung cancer adjuvant treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1145-57. [PMID: 36400205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy drugs are widely criticized for their serious side effects and low cure rate. Therefore, adjuvant therapy as a combination with chemotherapy administration is being accepted by many patients. However, unclear drug targets and mechanisms limit the application of adjuvant treatment. In this study, we confirmed TMEM16A is a key drug target for lung adenocarcinoma, and narirutin is an effective anti-lung adenocarcinoma natural product. Virtual screening and fluorescence experiments confirmed that narirutin inhibits the molecular target TMEM16A, which is specific high-expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiological experiments revealed the precise molecular mechanism of narirutin regulating TMEM16A. The anticancer effect of narirutin and its synergistic effect on cisplatin were explored by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays. The signaling pathways regulated by narirutin were analyzed by western blot. Tumor xenograft mice experiments demonstrated the synergistic anticancer effect of narirutin and cisplatin, and the side effects of high concentrations of cisplatin were almost eliminated. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed the biological safety of narirutin is satisfactory in vivo. Based on the significant anticancer effect and high biosafety, naringin has great potential as a functional food in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.
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Shi X, Zhao L, Niu L, Wei J, Li X, Jin Y. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Narirutin from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Anti-allergic Asthma Activity. Iran J Immunol 2022; 19:385-394. [PMID: 36585880 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2022.91640.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder of the airways related to inflammation; it affects millions of people worldwide. Due to the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids, researchers focused on the therapeutic effects of compounds derived from natural products. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic benefits of Narirutin a valuable flavonoid in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for asthma. METHODS Narirutin was extracted using the enzyme-assisted method with the L9 (34) orthogonal array to optimize the temperatures, pH, and reaction time. The mechanism of action of Narirutin was investigated via ELISA, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis in vivo. RESULTS Narirutin suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue and decreased IgE and IgG1 levels in serum in vivo. It can also alleviate interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and interferon-γ concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice. Moreover, it increased the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Additionally, Narirutin significantly suppressed p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK expression in the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Narirutin affects the Th1/Th2 imbalance through the p-ERK and p-JNK suppression in the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihao Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang H, Shan Z, Guo W, Wang Y, Cai S, Li F, Huang Q, Liu JA, Cheung CW, Cai S. Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain by the Small-Molecule Natural Product Narirutin via Block of Na v1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314842. [PMID: 36499167 PMCID: PMC9738487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a refractory chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Given that present painkillers have poor efficacy or severe side effects, developing novel analgesics is badly needed. The multiplex structure of active ingredients isolated from natural products provides a new source for phytochemical compound synthesis. Here, we identified a natural product, Narirutin, a flavonoid compound isolated from the Citrus unshiu, showing antinociceptive effects in rodent models of neuropathic pain. Using calcium imaging, whole-cell electrophysiology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we uncovered a molecular target for Narirutin's antinociceptive actions. We found that Narirutin (i) inhibits Veratridine-triggered nociceptor activities in L4-L6 rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, (ii) blocks voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels subtype 1.7 in both small-diameter DRG nociceptive neurons and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell line, (iii) does not affect tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) NaV channels, and (iv) blunts the upregulation of Nav1.7 in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-labeled DRG sensory neurons after spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery. Identifying Nav1.7 as a molecular target of Narirutin may further clarify the analgesic mechanism of natural flavonoid compounds and provide an optimal idea to produce novel selective and efficient analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuxian Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fuyi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiaojie Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jessica Aijia Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (S.C.)
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Mitra S, Lami MS, Uddin TM, Das R, Islam F, Anjum J, Hossain MJ, Emran TB. Prospective multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of dietary flavonoid narirutin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112932. [PMID: 35413599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based phytochemicals are now being used to treat plenty of physiological diseases. Herbal drugs have gained popularity in recent years because of their strength, purity, and cheap cost-effectiveness. Citrus fruits contain significant amounts of flavanones, which falls to the category of polyphenols. Flavanones occupy a major fraction of the total polyphenols present in the plasma when orange juice is taken highly or in moderate states. Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative available in citrus fruits, primarily dihydroxy flavanone. From a pharmacological viewpoint, narirutin is a bioactive phytochemical with therapeutic efficacy. Many experimental researches were published on the use of narirutin. Anticancer activity, neuroprotection, stress relief, hepatoprotection, anti-allergic activity, antidiabetic activity, anti-adipogenic activity, anti-obesity action, and immunomodulation are a couple of the primary pharmacological properties. Narirutin also has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide the current scenario of pharmacological research with narirutin; to make a better understanding for therapeutic potential of narirutin, as well as its biosynthesis strategies and side effects. Extensive literature searches and studies were undertaken to determine the pharmacological properties of narirutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
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Wong ESW, Li RWS, Li J, Li R, Seto SW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Relaxation effect of narirutin on rat mesenteric arteries via nitric oxide release and activation of voltage-gated potassium channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174190. [PMID: 34015322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Narirutin is one of the most common flavanones found in citrus fruits. The vascular effects of its analogues naringenin and naringin have been reported but its effects on the cardiovascular system are largely unknown. In this study, relaxation effect of narirutin and its mechanisms of action were investigated by measuring isometric tension in rat mesenteric arteries. Patch-clamping was also used to study the effect of narirutin on potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, its effects on phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cAMP level and phosphodiesterase activity in rat mesenteric arteries were studied by Western blot and biochemical assays. The results showed that pre-incubation of rat mesenteric arteries with narirutin had no influence on acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation. However, narirutin caused a direct concentration-dependent relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. This relaxation effect was comparable to that of narirutin's structural analogue naringenin. Narirutin-induced relaxation was reduced by the removal of endothelium, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-gated potassium channel blocker). In addition, narirutin increased the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased the voltage-dependent potassium current in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. These effects were abolished by protein kinase A inhibitor. Furthermore, narirutin could increase cAMP level and inhibit phosphodiesterase activity in rat mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, narirutin has vasorelaxing effect and the mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which increases intracellular cAMP, thereby stimulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activating the voltage-gated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sze-Wan Wong
- Applied Science and Environmental Studies, Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel Wai-Sum Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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Beluomini MA, Stradiotto NR, Boldrin MV. Electrosynthesis of three-dimensional nanoporous nickel on screen-printed electrode used for the determination of narirutin in citrus wastewater. Food Chem 2021; 353:129427. [PMID: 33714111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical sensor was designed for the detection of narirutin using three-dimensional nanostructured porous nickel on screen-printed electrode (3DnpNi/SPE). The modified electrode was successfully synthesized by the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method. The 3DnpNi/SPE was characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the 3DnpNi/SPE presents good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of narirutin. The quantification of narirutin was conducted by differential pulse voltammetry, which showed a wide concentration range (1.0 × 10-7 - 1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1), with low detection limit (3.9 × 10-8 mol L-1), and excellent sensitivity (0.31 A L mol-1). The proposed electrode was applied toward the determination of narirutin in yellow water sample from the citrus industry, where it presented a good degree of accuracy. The 3DnpNi/SPE showed repeatability, long-term stability, and selectivity. The results obtained showed agreement with those obtained by HPLC/DAD method. Chemical compounds studied in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Azevedo Beluomini
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil; Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maria Valnice Boldrin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St., Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Hwang HJ, Kim HJ, Ko MJ, Chung MS. Recovery of hesperidin and narirutin from waste Citrus unshiu peel using subcritical water extraction aided by pulsed electric field treatment. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:217-226. [PMID: 33732512 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify whether the efficacy of extracting hesperidin and narirutin from Citrus unshiu peel by-products can be increased by combining pulsed electric field (PEF) and subcritical water extraction (SWE). The samples were treated with a PEF at a strength of 3 kV/cm for 60 and 120 s. Subsequent SWE was conducted at extraction temperatures of 110-190 °C for 3-15 min. The concentration of hesperidin was highest at 46.96 ± 3.37 mg/g peel (dry basis) after PEF treatment at 120 s, combined with SWE at 150 °C for 15 min, while that of narirutin peaked at 8.76 ± 0.83 mg/g after PEF treatment at 120 s, integrated with SWE at 190 °C for 5 min. The concentrations of both hesperidin and narirutin increased with PEF treatment time. The PEF increased the amounts of hesperidin and narirutin extracted by 22.1% and 33.6%, respectively. This study demonstrate the potential of PEF pretreatment for enhancing the SWE of flavonoids from C. unshiu peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 South Korea
| | - Hui-Ju Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579 South Korea
| | - Myong-Soo Chung
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
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Patel P, Barve K, Bhatt LK. Narirutin-rich fraction from grape fruit peel protects against transient cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:920-930. [PMID: 32965176 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1821518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in adults worldwide. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Narirutin-rich fraction (NRF), obtained from grape fruit peel, on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h to induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. NRF (150, 300 mg/kg, oral) was administered for 7 days continuously before animals were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Various behavioral tests (for measurement of motor coordination, locomotor activity, and spatial memory), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity), and histopathological alterations were assessed.Results: Seven-day NRF (150 and 300 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly improved neurobehavioral alterations and histological findings as compared to the disease control group. Further NRF treatment significantly reduced oxidative damage as indicated by improved lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity as compared to disease control animals.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the protective effect of NRF against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. The results suggest that NRF can be a potential pretreatment option against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Kalyani Barve
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Tamaru E, Watanabe M, Nomura Y. Dietary immature Citrus unshiu alleviates UVB- induced photoaging by suppressing degradation of basement membrane in hairless mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04218. [PMID: 32577577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces physiological and morphological skin damage, resulting in skin dryness, wrinkle formation, and loss of elasticity. The basement membrane (BM) has been shown to play crucial roles in binding epidermis to dermis tightly, regulating cell differentiation and proliferation, and signaling protein production. Dietary flavonoids have been revealed to improve the damage caused by UV exposure. Immature Citrus unshiu is known to contain high concentrations of flavonoids such as hesperidin and narirutin. In this study, the effects of immature Citrus unshiu powder (ICP) on photoaged skin were demonstrated using UVB irradiated hairless mice. Oral administration of ICP improved loss of skin hydration and increase of transepidermal water loss. The histological analyses of hairless mice dorsal skin revealed that oral administration of ICP improved UVB-induced overgrowth of epidermal cell, suppressed epidermal cell mortality and BM destruction. Therefore, the administration of ICP could improve photoaging by protecting the tissues around BM.
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Cho M, Kim DB, Shin GH, Kim JM, Seo Y, Choe SY, Cho JH, Kim YC, Lee JH, Lee OH. Protective effects of citrus based mixture drinks (CBMDs) on oxidative stress and restraint stress. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1801-1809. [PMID: 30483445 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study investigated the protective effects of citrus based mixture drinks (CBMDs) using oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and restraint-stressed rats. The CBMDs contained citrus bioflavonoids including narirutin and hesperidin. The cell viability of HDF cells treated with H2O2 was observed at 53.9% but treated with CBMD-1 and CBMD-2 (500 μg/mL) on H2O2 exposed HDF cells significantly increased the relative cell viability at 65.0 and 72.2%, respectively. In the treadmill test, the time spent on the electrode plate in the restraint-stressed group was analyzed 24.1 s, but restraint-stressed rats with administered CBMDs (300 mg/kg) had significantly decreased the time at 2.4 (CBMD-1) and 4.7 (CBMD-2) s, respectively. In addition, number of touches the electrode plate in restraint-stressed group was observed at 42.4 ea, but, restraint-stressed rats with administered CBMD-1 and CBMD-2 (300 mg/kg) were significantly decreased at 7.0 and 10.2 ea, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyoungLae Cho
- 1National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, 38540 Republic of Korea
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- 2Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hae Shin
- 6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- 6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Seo
- EBO Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28116 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Hurum Central Research Institute, Cheongju, 28116 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- 6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- 6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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Liu LN, Wang Y, Jin HY, Ma SC, Liu JP. Application of immunoaffinity purification technology as the pretreatment technology for traditional Chinese medicine: Its application to analysis of hesperidin and narirutin in traditional Chinese medicine preparations containing Citri reticulatae Pericarpium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:122-128. [PMID: 26526495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the feasibility of immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) as a purification technology for the analysis of bioactive components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was evaluated. IAC was used to analyze hesperidin (HP) and narirutin (NR) in TCM preparations containing Citri reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP, Chenpi in Chinese). An IAC column for the specific extraction and enrichment of HP and NR from TCM preparations containing CRP was developed and characterized. After HP reacted with carbonyl diimidazole and coupled to protein, it was used to immune mice for the generation of antibody. Through cell fusion, cloning and screening, monoclonal antibody was obtained. The IAC column was constructed by covalently coupling specific monoclonal antibody against HP and NR to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and packed into a common solid phase extraction cartridge. The extraction conditions including loading, washing and eluting, as well as flow rate for the extraction of HP and NR were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the maximum capacity, extraction recovery rate and stability of IAC column was also characterized. Results revealed that the maximum capacity of IAC column for HP and NR was approximately 16μg and the relative binding capacity per 1mL of the column volume was 27μg. The extraction recovery rate of IAC column for HP and NR at three spiked levels was in the range of 94.05-109.15%. After the repeated application for 5 times, no significant loss of specific recognition was observed. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as an effective analytic tool, HP and NR could be successfully separated via IAC column without the inference from impurities, suggesting that the extraction of HP and NR using the prepared IAC column is feasible. The application of IAC can solve the problem of quantitative analysis due to severe interference or low content. Furthermore, pretreatment methods in different matrixes can be unified. The IAC purification procedure can be used as an alternative effective analytical method for the pretreatment of bioactive components in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Department of Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Huaan Magnech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- Department of Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Department of Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jia-Peng Liu
- Huaan Magnech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102200, China
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Li X, Huang Y, Chen D. Protective Effect against Hydroxyl-induced DNA Damage and Antioxidant Activity of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:175-81. [PMID: 24312832 PMCID: PMC3846041 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As a typical Chinese herbal medicine, Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) possesses various pharmacological effects involved in antioxidant ability. However, its antioxidant effects have not been reported yet. The objective of this work was to investigate its antioxidant ability, then further discuss the antioxidant mechanism. METHODS CRP was extracted by ethanol to obtain ethanol extract of Citri reticulatae pericarpium (ECRP). ECRP was then measured by various antioxidant methods, including DNA damage assay, DPPH assay, ABTS assay, Fe(3+)-reducing assay and Cu(2+)-reducing assay. Finally, the content of total flavonoids was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS Our results revealed that ECRP could effectively protect against hydroxyl-induced DNA damage (IC50 944.47±147.74 μg/mL). In addition, it could also scavenge DPPH· radical (IC50349.67±1.91 μg/mL) and ABTS(+)• radical (IC5011.33±0.10 μg/mL), reduce Fe(3+) (IC50 140.95±2.15 μg/mL) and Cu(2+) (IC50 70.46±1.77 μg/mL). Chemical analysis demonstrated that the content of total flavonoids in ECRP was 198.29±12.24 mg quercetin/g. CONCLUSION Citri reticulatae pericarpium can effectively protect against hydroxyl-induced DNA damage. One mechanism of protective effect may be radical-scavenging which is via donating hydrogen atom (H·), donating electron (e). Its antioxidant ability can be mainly attributed to the flavonoids, especially hesperidin and narirutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuang East Road No.232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuang East Road No.232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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