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Baran A, Ertaş E, Baran MF, Eftekhari A, Gunes Z, Keskin C, Usanov SA, Khalilov R. Green-Synthesized Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Applications of CtAC/MNPs-Ag Nanocomposites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:772. [PMID: 38931439 PMCID: PMC11206647 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance, caused by the improper use of antibiotics, is a significant challenge in combating infectious diseases, leading to millions of annual fatalities. The occurrence of antimicrobial side effects catalyzes the investigation of novel antimicrobial compounds and sources of drugs. Consequently, the research on biological activity that is conducted on plants, plant extracts, and compounds that are produced from plant components is of utmost significance. In this study, CtAC/MNPs were obtained by the reaction of activated carbon (AC) obtained from the fruits of the Celtis tournefortii (Ct) plant and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and a CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposite was synthesized by the reduction in silver ions added to the reaction. The synthesized CtAC/MNPs and CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposites were analyzed spectroscopically (FTIR, XRD), microscopically (SEM, EDX), optically (DLS), electrochemically (zeta potential) and magnetically (VSM). The antibacterial activities of CtAC/MNPs and CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposites against S. aureus and E. coli were investigated by microdilution method using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion methods. Antioxidant activity study, including total phenolic content and DPPH and cuprac assays, revealed the remarkable effect of the CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposite. This study has the advantages of obtaining CtAC/MNPs and CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposites in a short time without requiring energy, and most importantly, the reaction takes place without using any toxic substances. In addition, according to the data obtained in the study, the CtAC/MNPs-Ag nanocomposite is thought to shed light on biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Baran
- Department of Biology, Graduate Education Institute, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47200, Turkey;
| | - Erdal Ertaş
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman 72000, Turkey; (E.E.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Mehmet Fırat Baran
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman 72000, Turkey; (E.E.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku AZ1072, Azerbaijan
| | - Zübeyir Gunes
- Department of Crops and Animal Production, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47200, Turkey;
| | - Cumali Keskin
- Department of Medical Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47200, Turkey;
| | - Sergey A. Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku AZ1148, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Radiation Problems, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan
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Sedeveria pink ruby Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Their Bioactivity against Livestock Pathogens and in Different Cell Lines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030507. [PMID: 36978374 PMCID: PMC10044096 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles has a significant impact in developing sustainable technologies for human, animal, and environmental safety. In this study, we synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) using Sedeveria pink ruby (SP) extract and characterized them using UV–visible spectrophotometry, FESEM-EDX, HR-TEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs were evaluated. UV–visible absorption spectra showed λmax at 531 and 410 nm, corresponding to the presence of SP gold NPs (SP-AuNPs) and SP silver NPs (SP-AgNPs). Most NPs were spherical and a few were triangular rods, measuring 5–30 and 10–40 nm, respectively. EDX elemental composition analysis revealed that SP-AuNPs and SP-AgNPs accounted for >60% and 30% of NPs, respectively. Additionally, some organic moieties were present, likely derived from various metabolites in the natural plant extract, which acted as stabilizing and reducing agents. Next, the antimicrobial activity of the NPs against pathogenic microbes was tested. SP-AgNPs showed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Moreover, at moderate and low concentrations, both NPs exhibited weak cytotoxicity in chicken fibroblasts (DF-1) and macrophages (HD11) as well as human intestinal cancer cells (HT-29). Meanwhile, at high concentrations, the NPs exhibited strong cytotoxicity in both chicken and human cell lines. Therefore, the synthesized SP-AuNPs and SP-AgNPs may act as promising materials to treat poultry diseases.
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Abdel-Baki PM, Ibrahim RM, Mahdy NE. Ferocactus herrerae Fruits: Nutritional Significance, Phytochemical Profiling, and Biological Potentials. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:545-551. [PMID: 36040657 PMCID: PMC9606082 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports for the first time the nutritional, fruit volatiles, phytochemical, and biological characteristics of Ferocactus herrerae J. G. Ortega fruits. The nutritional analysis revealed that carbohydrate (20.6%) was the most abundant nutrient followed by dietary fibers (11.8%), lipids (0.9%), and proteins (0.8%). It was rich in vitamins, minerals, essential, and non-essential amino acids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace-extracted volatiles showed that 3-methyl octadecane (35.72 ± 2.38%) was the major constituent detected. Spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit methanolic extract (ME) showed high total phenolic [9.17 ± 0.87 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)] and flavonoid [4.99 ± 0.23 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE)] contents. The ME was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), which allowed for both qualitative and quantitative estimation of 16 phenolic compounds. Caffeic acid was the major phenolic acid identified [45.03 ± 0.45 mg/100 g dried powdered fruits (DW)] while quercitrin (52.65 ± 0.31 mg/100 g DW), was the major flavonoid detected. In-vitro assessment of the antioxidant capacities of the ME revealed pronounced activity using three comparative methods; 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (132.06 ± 2.1 μM Trolox equivalent (TE) /g), 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), (241.1 ± 5.03 uM TE/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (258.9 ± 1.75 uM TE/g). Besides, remarkable anti-inflammatory [COX-1 (IC50 = 20.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 = 9.8 ± 0.64 μg/mL)] and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.39 mg/mL) activities were observed. Finally, our results revealed that these fruits could be used effectively as functional foods and nutraceuticals suggesting an increase in their propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent M Abdel-Baki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nariman E Mahdy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Rodríguez-Mendoza CA, González Campos RE, Lorenzo-Leal AC, Bautista Rodríguez E, Paredes Juárez GA, El Kassis EG, Hernández LR, Juárez ZN, Bach H. Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivities of Cactaceae Family Members Endemic to Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2856. [PMID: 36365308 PMCID: PMC9653579 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mexico is a center of diversification for the Cactaceae family, with 69% of the species recorded as endemic. Certain members of the Cactaceae family have been chemically analyzed to relate their medicinal use with their phytochemistry. Here, the phytochemistry and bioactivity of ethanol extracts of Ferocactus echidne, F. latispinus, and Mammillaria geminispina were evaluated. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed, detecting the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiotonic glycosides, and sesquiterpene lactones. The presence of nicotinic acid in F. echidne and F. latispinus was identified by GC-MS. Other compounds found in the extracts of these three species were gentisic acid, diosmetin, chlorogenic acid, N-methyltyramide, and hordenine. The antioxidant activity was estimated with the DPPH free radical scavenging test. To determine the toxicity of the extracts, the in vivo model of Artemia spp. was used. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extract was tested on C6, HaCaT, THP-1, and U937 cell lines, while the inflammatory activity was tested by measuring the secretion of cytokines using macrophage cells. The three species showed different bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. To the best of our knowledge, the results presented here are the first described for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Angélica Rodríguez-Mendoza
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Rubí Esmeralda González Campos
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bautista Rodríguez
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Genaro Alberto Paredes Juárez
- Department of degree in Medical Surgeon, Academic Secretary, Universidad de la Salud Puebla, Reforma 722, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Elie Girgis El Kassis
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta, Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico
| | - Zaida Nelly Juárez
- Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Phytotoxic Potential of Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Elaeagnus umbellata Fruit Extract. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185847. [PMID: 36144583 PMCID: PMC9502968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to its eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, ability to be handled safely, and a wide variety of biological activities, the green plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has become increasingly popular. The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Elaeagnus umbellata (fruit) and the evaluation of its antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, fruit extract was treated with a 4 mM AgNO3 solution at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at 456 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. Scanning electron microscopy and physicochemical X-ray diffraction were used to characterize AgNPs, which revealed that they were crystalline, spherical, and had an average size of 11.94 ± 7.325 nm. The synthesized AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (14 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5 mm), Proteus mirabilis (13 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5 mm), as well as considerable antioxidant activity against DPPH with 69% inhibition at an IC50 value of 43.38 µg/mL. AgNPs also exhibited a concentration-dependent effect on rice plants. Root and shoot length were found to be positively impacted at all concentrations, i.e., 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL. Among these concentrations, the 50 µg/mL concentration of AgNPs was found to be most effective. The plant biomass decreased at higher AgNP exposure levels (i.e., 100 µg/mL), whereas 50 µg/mL caused a significant increase in plant biomass as compared to the control. This study provides an eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs which can be used for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities and also as growth promoters of crop plants.
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Karthik C, Punnaivalavan KA, Prabha SP, Caroline DG. Multifarious global flora fabricated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: a green nanoweapon for antiviral approach including SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022; 12:313-344. [PMID: 35194512 PMCID: PMC8853038 DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The progressive research into the nanoscale level upgrades the higher end modernized evolution with every field of science, engineering, and technology. Silver nanoparticles and their broader range of application from nanoelectronics to nano-drug delivery systems drive the futuristic direction of nanoengineering and technology in contemporary days. In this review, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is the cornerstone of interest over physical and chemical methods owing to its remarkable biocompatibility and idiosyncratic property engineering. The abundant primary and secondary plant metabolites collectively as multifarious phytochemicals which are more peculiar in the composition from root hair to aerial apex through various interspecies and intraspecies, capable of reduction, and capping with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the process by which intracellular, extracellular biological macromolecules of the microbiota reduce with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the precursor molecule is also discussed. Viruses are one of the predominant infectious agents that gets faster resistance to the antiviral therapies of traditional generations of medicine. We discuss the various stages of virus targeting of cells and viral target through drugs. Antiviral potential of silver nanoparticles against different classes and families of the past and their considerable candidate for up-to-the-minute need of complete addressing of the fulminant and opportunistic global pandemic of this millennium SARS-CoV2, illustrated through recent silver-based formulations under development and approval for countering the pandemic situation. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, 600119 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. A. Punnaivalavan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, 600119 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Pandi Prabha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. G. Caroline
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, 600119 Tamil Nadu India
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Soltani R, Baghizadeh A, Karimi-Maleh H, Farrokhi N. Genotypic diversity of 17 cacti species and application to biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119909. [PMID: 33992890 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The genotypic diversity of 17 cacti species were examined and grouped in four clusters using seven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Group representatives (five species) were chosen for AuNPs synthesis in the cacti syrups. To synthesize the Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), reducing and capping potential of five species of cacti rich in the polyphenolics were explored. Based on the synthesized AuNPs traits (concentration, pH, temperature, and synthesis time), Opuntia pycnacantha with the highest absorption peak at 540 nm was chosen for further characterizations. Varieties of diffraction peaks confirmed the successful synthesis of AuNPs. AuNPs functionalization with the phenolic compounds was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. At the optimum conditions (pH = 5.0 and T = 60 °C), both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed more than 87% of AuNPs to be 2.5 nm in size with Zeta potential to be equal to -19.9 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Soltani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Amin Baghizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran; Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Acharya D, Pandey P, Mohanta B. A comparative study on the antibacterial activity of different shaped silver nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Stenocereus queretaroensis Fruit Peel Extract: Study of Antimicrobial Activity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164543. [PMID: 34443066 PMCID: PMC8399051 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and application of nanomaterials as antioxidants and cytotoxic agents has increased in recent years. Biological methods go beyond the chemical and physical synthesis that is expensive and not friendly to the environment. Foodborne pathogens and microorganisms causing candidiasis are responsible of 5-10% hospitalized patients. The nutritional properties of the fruit called pitaya, from the Stenocereus queretaroensis species, have been little explored. Therefore, in this study the phytochemical composition of S. queretaroensis peel was evaluated and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized biologically in an environmentally friendly way by S. queretaroensis peel aqueous extract that contains phytochemicals capable of reducing silver nitrate. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill kinetics. AgNPs were characterized visually, by UV-visible spectroscopy and TEM. FTIR spectroscopy identified metabolites responsible for the AgNPs formation. AgNPs showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, against fungi, and a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus. MIC and MBC values were as low as 0.078 and 0.156 μg/mL using AgNPs biosynthesized by S. queretaroensis fruit peel and the time kill assay started a log reduction in CFU/mL at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC. S. queretaroensis-mediated AgNPs could be the basis for the formulation of biofilms for packaging products or as disinfectants for use on different surfaces.
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Vanlalveni C, Lallianrawna S, Biswas A, Selvaraj M, Changmai B, Rokhum SL. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts and their antimicrobial activities: a review of recent literature. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2804-2837. [PMID: 35424248 PMCID: PMC8694026 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts is one of the most simple, convenient, economical, and environmentally friendly methods that mitigate the involvement of toxic chemicals. Hence, in recent years, several eco-friendly processes for the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles have been reported using aqueous extracts of plant parts such as the leaf, bark, roots, etc. This review summarizes and elaborates the new findings in this research domain of the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant extracts and their potential applications as antimicrobial agents covering the literature since 2015. While highlighting the recently used different plants for the synthesis of highly efficient antimicrobial green AgNPs, we aim to provide a systematic in-depth discussion on the possible influence of the phytochemicals and their concentrations in the plants extracts, extraction solvent, and extraction temperature, as well as reaction temperature, pH, reaction time, and concentration of precursor on the size, shape and stability of the produced AgNPs. Exhaustive details of the plausible mechanism of the interaction of AgNPs with the cell wall of microbes, leading to cell death, and high antimicrobial activities have also been elaborated. The shape and size-dependent antimicrobial activities of the biogenic AgNPs and the enhanced antimicrobial activities by synergetic interaction of AgNPs with known commercial antibiotic drugs have also been comprehensively detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhangte Vanlalveni
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University Tanhril Aizawl Mizoram 796001 India
| | - Samuel Lallianrawna
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Zirtiri Residential Science College Aizawl 796001 Mizoram India
| | - Ayushi Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bishwajit Changmai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India
| | - Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Shumail H, Khalid S, Ahmad I, Khan H, Amin S, Ullah B. Review on Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles through Plants. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:994-1007. [PMID: 32727342 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200729153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature has the potential to reduce metal salts to their relative nanoparticles. Traditionally, physical and chemical methods were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but due to the use of toxic chemicals, non-ecofriendly methods and other harmful effects, green chemistry approaches are now employed for synthesizing nanoparticles which are basically the most cost effective, ecofriendly and non-hazardous methods. In this review, we aimed to evaluate and study the details of various mechanisms used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plants, their size, shape and potential applications. A total of 150 articles comprising both research and review articles from 2009 to 2019 were selected and studied in detail to get in-depth knowledge about the synthesis of silver nanoparticles specifically through green chemistry approaches. Silver ions and their salts are well known for their antimicrobial properties and have been used in various medical and non-medical applications since the emergence of human civilization. Miscellaneous attempts have been made to synthesize nanoparticles using plants and such nanoparticles are more efficient and beneficial in terms of their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-biofilm and cytotoxic activities than nanoparticles synthesized through physical and chemical processes. Silver nanoparticles have been studied as an important research area due to their specific and tunable properties and their application in the field of biomedicine such as tissue and tumor imaging and drug delivery. These nanoparticles can be further investigated to find out their antimicrobial potential in cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoor Shumail
- Department of Microbiology, Women University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shah Khalid
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Surriya Amin
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ullah
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Tasca F, Antiochia R. Biocide Activity of Green Quercetin-Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050909. [PMID: 32397267 PMCID: PMC7279244 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of new nanomaterials is gaining increasing attention due to their extensive applications in fields ranging from medicine to food and cultural heritage. Green nanoparticles provide advantages compared to conventional nanoparticles as their synthesis is environmentally-friendly and does not require the use of high temperatures, pressure, or toxic chemicals. In this paper, green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized according to a new method using quercetin as a reducing agent at room temperature. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques and successively tested for biocide activity by studying their effects in the inhibition of bacterial growth. The results demonstrated that the smaller the AgNPs size, the greater their biocide activity. In particular, AgNPs with a diameter of 8 nm showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.0 μg/mL against Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Candida sp. microorganisms, while AgNPs with a larger diameter of about 20 nm were able to inhibit microbial of all selected pathogens at a higher MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tasca
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.zale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Singh J, Dhaliwal AS. Plasmon-induced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as photocatalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1520-1534. [PMID: 30355244 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1540663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles, using stem extracts of Nepeta leucophylla and their photocatalytic degradation activity, has been undertaken. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The Surface Plasmon Resonance band detected at 430 nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. Transmission Electron and Field Emission Scanning Electron micrographs reveal that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are spherical with an average size in the range of 15-25 nm. But, the X-ray diffraction confirms the face-centred cubic structure of silver nanoparticles with an average crystal size of the nanoparticles is about 10 nm. Furthermore, the infrared spectrogram confirms that the stem extract of Nepeta leucophylla contains phenol which causes reduction of silver salt to silver nanoparticles and protein might act as an overlaying agent which prevents the agglomeration of these nanoparticles. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, by using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of optimized dose (1.8 ml) for 180 min in the presence and absence of light are 82.8% and 61.25%, respectively, specifies that the resultant photocatalyst is proved to have good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye from the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - A S Dhaliwal
- Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
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14
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Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, and Antifungal Activities of Polyphenol Extracts from Ferocactus Species. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, obtained from natural resources, may possess important pharmacological effects. The polyphenolic profiles of the stem extracts of six Ferocactus species (sp.): F. gracilis, F. pottsii, F. herrerae, F. horridus, F. glaucescens, and F. emoryi, were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD). Additionally, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were examined. Results showed the presence of high to moderate amounts of polyphenols in the extracts (phenolic acids: Protocatechuic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillic acid; flavonoids: Rutoside and quercitrin). The highest amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were found in F. glaucescens ((132.09 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW)), F. pottsii (75.71 mg 100 g−1 DW), and F. emoryi (69.14 mg 100 g−1 DW) while rutoside content was highest in F. glaucescens (107.66 mg 100 g−1 DW). Maximum antiproliferative activities were observed against HeLa and Jurkat cancer cells, with F. glaucescens, F. emoryi, and F. pottsii showing the highest anticancer activity. Most bacteria were sensitive to Ferocactus sp. stem extracts. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive. Excellent antifungal effects were observed against Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger. However, Penicillium funiculosum, P. ochrochloron, and Candida albicans were relatively resistant. This is the first study reporting novel sources of polyphenols in Ferocactus sp. with anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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15
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Xu LQ, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Natural polyphenols as versatile platforms for material engineering and surface functionalization. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Singh J, Dhaliwal AS. Novel Green Synthesis and Characterization of the Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Nepeta leucophylla Root Extract. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1454936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal (Sangrur), Punjab, India
| | - Amarjit Singh Dhaliwal
- Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal (Sangrur), Punjab, India
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17
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Multifunctional AgNPs@Wool: colored, UV-protective and antioxidant functional textiles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Bollella P, Gorton L, Ludwig R, Antiochia R. A Third Generation Glucose Biosensor Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Decorated with Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application in Human Saliva. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1912. [PMID: 28820469 PMCID: PMC5579551 DOI: 10.3390/s17081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between a cellobiose dehydrogenase mutant from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH C291Y) and a novel glassy carbon (GC)-modified electrode, obtained by direct electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was realized. The electrode was further modified with a mixed self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-APh) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The CtCDH C291Y/GA/4-APh,4-MBA/AuNPs/GC platform showed an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 19.4 ± 0.6 s-1, with an enhanced theoretical and real enzyme surface coverage (Γtheor and Γreal) of 5287 ± 152 pmol cm-2 and 27 ± 2 pmol cm-2, respectively. The modified electrode was successively used as glucose biosensor exhibiting a detection limit of 6.2 μM, an extended linear range from 0.02 to 30 mM, a sensitivity of 3.1 ± 0.1 μA mM-1 cm-2 (R2 = 0.995), excellent stability and good selectivity. These performances compared favourably with other glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the biosensor was tested to quantify the glucose content in human saliva samples with successful results in terms of both recovery and correlation with glucose blood levels, allowing further considerations on the development of non-invasive glucose monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
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Olteanu RL, Nicolescu CM, Bumbac M. Influence of Phytochemical Reductive Capacity on Ultraviolet–visible Spectroscopic Behavior of Silver Nanoparticles. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1298119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radu Lucian Olteanu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Marius Bumbac
- Department of Science and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
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20
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using natural pigments extracted from Alfalfa leaves and its use for antimicrobial activity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Ullah MN, Umer A, Aadil MA, Rehman F, Ramzan N. Plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characteristic properties. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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22
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Bollella P, Mazzei F, Favero G, Fusco G, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Improved DET communication between cellobiose dehydrogenase and a gold electrode modified with a rigid self-assembled monolayer and green metal nanoparticles: The role of an ordered nanostructuration. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Jian W, Zhang L, Siu KC, Song A, Wu JY. Formation and Physiochemical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles with Various Exopolysaccharides of a Medicinal Fungus in Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010050. [PMID: 28036086 PMCID: PMC6155925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are the most widely used biopolymers for green synthesis of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In a previous study, a high molecular weight (MW) fraction of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 has been shown useful for green and facile synthesis of AgNPs in water. This study was to further evaluate the effects of molecular properties of EPS on the formation, stability and properties of AgNPs with different EPS fractions at various pH conditions. Three EPS fractions (P0.5, P2.0 and P5.0: MW high to low and protein content low to high) were reacted with silver nitrate at various pH 3.0-8.0 in water. The most favorable pH range was 5.5-8.0 for the formation and stable dispersion of AgNPs. At a given pH, the maximum amount of AgNPs was produced with P5.0, and the minimum with P0.5. The shape, size and physiochemical properties of AgNPs were strongly affected by the molecular characteristics of EPS (MW and conformation). The results may be helpful for understanding the factors and mechanisms for formation of stable AgNPs with natural polysaccharides and the interactions between AgNPs and the polysaccharide hydrocolloids in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Jian
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka-Chai Siu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Angxin Song
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Fouad H, Hongjie L, Yanmei D, Baoting Y, El-Shakh A, Abbas G, Jianchu M. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis to control filarial vector Culex pipiens pallens and its antimicrobial activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1369-1378. [PMID: 27855517 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1241793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Culex pipiens pallens are the most common mosquito's vector in Asia. In order to protect the people from diseases, the anti-mosquito population is necessary that uses safe and new bio-pesticides such as bacteria-AgNPs. In our report, we used two kinds of bacteria to synthesize silver nanoparticles to examine the toxic effect on the larvae and pupae of Cx. pipiens pallens and also used as antimicrobial activity. The biosynthesis of AgNPs and its characterization was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and EDX. The larvicidal and pupicidal assays revealed that the lethal concentration LC50 values of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-AgNPs were 0.72 ppm (I), 0.73 ppm (II), 0.69 ppm (III), 1.16 ppm (IV), and 4.18 (Pupae), while LC50 values of Bacillus subtilis-AgNPs were 0.60 ppm (I), 0.62 ppm (II), 0.21 ppm (III), 0.28 ppm (IV), and 3.46 ppm (Pupae) after 72 h of exposure. Antibacterial activity test of AgNPs reveals better results against rice pathogenic bacteria than bacteria alone. Thus, bacteria-mediated silver nanoparticles have a rapid effect on vector mosquito and microbial pathogen suggesting savings of energy and resources. Hence, bacteria-AgNPs may be used in the future as an effective weapon to control vector mosquito and harmful bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Fouad
- a Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology , Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang , PR China.,b Department of Field Crop Pests , Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Li Hongjie
- a Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology , Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Ding Yanmei
- a Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology , Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Yu Baoting
- a Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology , Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Ahmed El-Shakh
- c Department of Crop Protection , University of Bakht Alruda , Ad Douiem , White Nile State , Sudan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- d Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Gujrat , Gujrat , Pakistan
| | - Mo Jianchu
- a Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology , Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Zhejiang , PR China
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Yadav DK, Ganesan V, Marken F, Gupta R, Sonkar PK. Metal@MOF Materials in Electroanalysis: Silver-Enhanced Oxidation Reactivity Towards Nitrophenols Adsorbed into a Zinc Metal Organic Framework—Ag@MOF-5(Zn). Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Bollella P, Schulz C, Favero G, Mazzei F, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and their Application for Development of a Third Generation Lactose Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 - Rome Italy
| | - Christopher Schulz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology; Lund University; P. O.Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 - Rome Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 - Rome Italy
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU -; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A- 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology; Lund University; P. O.Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 - Rome Italy
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