The Determination of Total Serum Cholesterol by Flowinjection Analysis with Amperometric Detection

Progress and recent advances in fabrication and utilization of hypoxanthine biosensors for meat and fish quality assessment: a review

This review provides an update on the research conducted on the fabrication and utilization of hypoxanthine (Hx) biosensors published over the past four decades. In particular, the review focuses on progress made in the development and use of Hx biosensors for the assessment of fish and meat quality which has dominated research in this area. The various fish and meat freshness indexes that have been proposed over this period are highlighted. Furthermore, recent developments and future advances in the use of screen-printed electrodes and nanomaterials for achieving improved performances for the reliable determination of Hx in fish and meat are discussed.

Monosegmented flow-analysis of serum cholesterol

A monosegmented flow system is designed for enzymatic spectrophotometric determination of cholesterol in blood serum. The sample (4.5 microliters), enzymatic reagent (150 microliters) and an air plug (100 microliters) are simultaneously inserted into a carrier stream buffered to pH 7.4 (potassium dihydrogenphosphate). In order to avoid the step of air removal, a relocating detector was used. This system handles about 42 samples per hour, yielding precise results (R.S.D. usually < 3.0%). Sensitivity is 46 mAU 1/mmol (mAU stands for milliabsorbance units), being the method linear up to 10.3 mmol/l cholesterol. Accuracy was assessed by running 30 samples already analysed by a conventional procedure: no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.

A rapid separation of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins by affinity chromatography

A rapid and inexpensive separation of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins has been achieved using sulfated dextran beads as an affinity chromatography medium. The separation is completed in less than 15 min and the cholesterol content of the lipoprotein fractions can then be determined in a separate procedure.

Biosensors and flow injection analysis

Combining flow injection analysis with a biosensor is a novel biosensing process which has allowed speedy and accurate analysis. Diagnostic analysis is the most important application for biosensing flow injection analysis, but other applications include bioprocess monitoring, analysis of food and agricultural products, as well as environmental analysis. In addition, the analysis of compounds, such as explosives and abused drugs, and monitoring of Salmonella, the microorganism that causes food poisoning, have been reported.