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Molecularly imprinted polymers as a selective sorbent for forensic applications in biological samples-a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6013-6036. [PMID: 34430982 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) consist of a molecular recognition technology with applicability in different areas, including forensic chemistry. Among the forensic applications, the use of MIP in biological fluid analysis has gained prominence. Biological fluids are complex samples that generally require a pre-treatment to eliminate interfering agents to improve the results of the analyses. In this review, we address the development of this molecular imprinting technology over the years, highlighting the forensic applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in biological sample preparation for analysis of stimulant drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine.
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NOGAMI H, NAKAHORI Y, MURASHIMA T, MATSUI J. Nicotine-Selective Polymeric Adsorbent Obtained by Molecular Imprinting with Excess Use of Itaconic Acid. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka NOGAMI
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, FIRST, Konan University
| | - Yuma NAKAHORI
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, FIRST, Konan University
| | | | - Jun MATSUI
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, FIRST, Konan University
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balamurugan K, Gokulakrishnan K, Prakasam T. Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer liquid chromatography column for the separation of ephedrine enantiomers. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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TAKEUCHI T, HAYASHI T, ICHIKAWA S, KAJI A, MASUI M, MATSUMOTO H, SASAO R. Molecularly Imprinted Tailor-Made Functional Polymer Receptors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Separation and Detection of Target Molecules. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayaka KAJI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
| | | | | | - Reo SASAO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
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Balamurugan K, Gokulakrishnan K, Prakasam T. Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer liquid chromatography column for the separation of Cathine enantiomers. Saudi Pharm J 2011; 20:53-61. [PMID: 23960776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study molecular imprinting technology was employed to prepare a specific affinity sorbent for the resolution of Cathine, a chiral drug product. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by non-covalent molecular imprinting with either (+) or (-)-Cathine (threo-2-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl propane; norpseudoephedrine) as the template. Methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol di-methacrylate were copolymerized in the presence of the template molecule. The bulk polymerization was carried out in chloroform with 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator, at 5 °C and under UV radiation. The resulting MIP was ground into powders, which were slurry packed into analytical columns. After removal of template molecules, the MIP-packed columns were found to be effective for the resolution of (±)-Cathine racemates. The separation factor for the enantiomers ranged between 1.5 and 2.4 when the column was packed with MIP prepared with (+)-Cathine as the template. A separation factor ranging from 1.6 to 2.9 could be achieved from the column packed with MIP, prepared with (-)-Cathine as the template. Although the separation factor was higher with that previously obtained from reversed-phase column chromatography following derivatization with a chiral agent, elution peaks were broader due to the heterogeneity of binding sites on MIP particles and the possible non-specific interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Balamurugan
- Research and Development Centre, Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., No. 788/1, Irulapalayam, Kuthambakkam 602 107, India ; Department of Chemistry, PRIST University, East Campus, Thanjavur 613 403, India
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Yang J, Hu Y, Cai JB, Zhu XL, Su QD, Hu YQ, Liang FX. Selective hair analysis of nicotine by molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction: An application for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:896-903. [PMID: 17222493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed. Its application to the assay of hairy nicotine level among smokers and non-smokers with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of exposures to the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were validated. The MIP was synthesized using nicotine as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. This MIP-SPE method provided inherent selectivity and a sensitive response to nicotine with a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml hair at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 and the limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml. The linearity was assessed in the range of 0.5-80 ng/ml hair, with a coefficient (r(2)) greater than 0.987. The amounts of nicotine determined in smokers and non-smokers hair were in the range of 5.1-69.5 ng/mg hair and 0.50-9.3 ng/mg hair, respectively. The reported measures of ETS exposure were significantly associated with hairy nicotine levels. This assay of nicotine in hair using MISPE provided a very selective and reliable method for the evaluation of the exposure to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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Warsinke A, Nagel B. Towards Separation‐Free Electrochemical Affinity Sensors by Using Antibodies, Aptamers, and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers—A Review. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600853903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alexander C, Andersson HS, Andersson LI, Ansell RJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA, O'Mahony J, Whitcombe MJ. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003. J Mol Recognit 2006; 19:106-80. [PMID: 16395662 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Over 1450 references to original papers, reviews and monographs have herein been collected to document the development of molecular imprinting science and technology from the serendipitous discovery of Polyakov in 1931 to recent attempts to implement and understand the principles underlying the technique and its use in a range of application areas. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by papers dealing with fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting and the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing attempts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Alexander
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Knopp D, Niessner R. Biomonitors based on immunological principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0713-2743(04)80020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Svenson J, Karlsson JG, Nicholls IA. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the molecular imprinting of (−)-nicotine: template self-association, a molecular basis for cooperative ligand binding. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1024:39-44. [PMID: 14753704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the interactions of components in a (-)-nicotine molecular imprinting polymerization mixture have been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The dissociation constants for complexation of template by a functional monomer analogue, acetic acid, have been determined. Nicotine was shown to self-associate at concentrations comparable to those used in previous molecular imprinting studies (app K(diss) = 0.082M in CDCl3 at 298 K). The extent of self-association was enhanced by the presence of acetic acid. Previous studies on (-)-nicotine-imprinted methacrylic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate co-polymers suggested the involvement of recognition sites for template-template complexes. Collectively these results provide the first direct evidence for the presence of template-template complexes, and support the previously hypothesized basis for cooperative ligand recognition events in this polymer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Liu Y, Liu X, Wang J. Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent for Removal of Nicotine from Tobacco Smoke. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120021554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xie J, Zhu L, Xu X. Affinitive separation and on-line identification of antitumor components from Peganum nigellastrum by coupling a chromatographic column of target analogue imprinted polymer with mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2352-60. [PMID: 12038761 DOI: 10.1021/ac015755i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A coupled LC-MS (liquid-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry) system consisting of a combination of a column of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and a MS detector was used for affinitive separation and on-line identification of the antitumor components, harmine and harmaline, from the methanol extract of Peganum nigellastrum seeds. Three molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized with porogens bearing different hydrogen bonding capacities with harman, the structural analogue of harmaline, and harmine as the template. The affinity and selectivity of the anti-harman MIPs for the targets, harmine and harmaline, were investigated chromatographically, and the influences of the porogens and sample loads on the retention of the target compounds were also discussed. In addition, the target binding capacities of the MIPs were evaluated by frontal chromatography. When the MIPs were further used in a LC-MS system to separate the extract of herb, it was observed that imprinting with different porogens would cause the MIPs to exhibit different tendencies to adsorb the matrix components from the herb. Though the MIP prepared with a porogen of less hydrogen bonding capacity possessed higher selectivity and stronger affinity for the targets, matrix components in the herb extract interfered with the chromatographic performance more seriously when it was used as the LC solid phase in the LC-MS system for selective extraction of harmaline and harmine from the crude herb extract. Positively, the MIPs were stable and reproducible in the separation test, and the imprinting columns could efficiently separate the antitumor components from the herb extract after the sample was simply pretreated. The work in this paper would be helpful for the further extraction and identification of certain pharmacophoric compounds in herbs by a LC-MS system using MIPs as the HPLC solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beida Yangshengtang Joint Laboratory for Natural Products, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hwang CC, Lee WC. Chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of phenylpropanolamine by using molecularly imprinted polymer as the stationary phase. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 765:45-53. [PMID: 11817309 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study molecular imprinting technology was employed to prepare a specific affinity sorbent for the resolution of phenylpropanolamine, a chiral drug. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by non-covalent molecular imprinting with either (-)- or (+)-phenylpropanolamine as the template. Methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were copolymerized in the presence of the template molecule. The bulk polymerization was carried out in chloroform with 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator, at 4 degrees C and under UV radiation. The resulting MIP was ground into powders, which were slurry packed into analytical columns. After removal of template molecules, the MIP-packed columns were found to be effective for the resolution of (+/-)-phenylpropanolamine racemates. The separation factor for the enantiomers ranged between 1.8 and 3.8 when the column was packed with MIP prepared with (+)-phenylpropanolamine as the template. A separation factor ranging from 2.1 to 3.6 could be achieved from the column packed with MIP, prepared with (-)-phenylpropanolamine as the template. Although the separation factor was higher with that previously obtained from reversed-phase column chromatography following derivatization with a chiral agent, elution peaks were broader due to the heterogeneity of binding sites on MIP particles and the possible non-specific interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Buchmeiser MR. New synthetic ways for the preparation of high-performance liquid chromatography supports. J Chromatogr A 2001; 918:233-66. [PMID: 11407572 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The latest developments and in particular important synthetic aspects for the preparation of modern HPLC supports are reviewed. In this context, the chemistry of inorganic supports based on silica, zirconia, titania or aluminum oxide as well as of organic supports based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), acrylates, methacrylates and other, more specialized polymers is covered. Special consideration is given to modern approaches such as sol-gel technology, molecular imprinting, perfusion chromatography, the preparation of monolithic separation media as well as to organic HPLC supports prepared by new polymer technologies such as ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Synthetic particularities relevant for the corresponding applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Tan Y, Yin J, Liang C, Peng H, Nie L, Yao S. A study of a new TSM bio-mimetic sensor using a molecularly imprinted polymer coating and its application for the determination of nicotine in human serum and urine. Bioelectrochemistry 2001; 53:141-8. [PMID: 11339299 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new bio-mimetic quartz crystal thickness-shear-mode (TSM) sensor, using an imprinted polymer coating as the sensitive material, has been fabricated and applied to the determination of nicotine (NIC) in human serum and urine. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using NIC as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. The sensor showed high selectivity and a sensitive response to NIC in aqueous system. The linear response range of the sensor was between 5.0 x 10(-8) and 1.0 x 10(-4) M with a detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-8) M. The viscoelasticity of the coating in the air and in liquid has been studied by the impedance spectrum. The MIP sensor was stable and exhibited effective reproducibility. Satisfactory results were achieved in the detection of the real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tan
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Saraydin D, Karadağ E, Çaldiran Y, Güven O. Nicotine-selective radiation-induced poly(acrylamide/maleic acid) hydrogels. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(00)00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sellergren B. The non-covalent approach to molecular imprinting. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(01)80008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Asanuma H, Kajiya K, Hishiya T, Komiyama M. Molecular Imprinting of Cyclodextrin in Water for the Recognition of Peptides. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Andersson HS, Karlsson JG, Piletsky SA, Koch-Schmidt AC, Mosbach K, Nicholls IA. Study of the nature of recognition in molecularly imprinted polymers, II. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Katz A, Davis ME. Investigations into the Mechanisms of Molecular Recognition with Imprinted Polymers. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981445z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Katz
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Mark E. Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Takeuchi T, Haginaka J. Separation and sensing based on molecular recognition using molecularly imprinted polymers. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 728:1-20. [PMID: 10379652 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition-based separation and sensing systems have received much attention in various fields because of their high selectivity for target molecules. Molecular imprinting has been recognized as a promising technique for the development of such systems, where the molecule to be recognized is added to a reaction mixture of a cross-linker(s), a solvent(s), and a functional monomer(s) that possesses a functional groups(s) capable of interacting with the target molecule. Binding sites in the resultant polymers involve functional groups originating from the added functional monomer(s), which can be constructed according to the shape and chemical properties of the target molecules. After removal of the target molecules, these molecularly imprinted complementary binding sites exhibit high selectivity and affinity for the template molecule. In this article, recent developments in molecularly imprinted polymers are described with their applications as separation media in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, solid-phase extraction, and membranes. Examples of binding assays and sensing systems using molecularly imprinted polymers are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Zander A, Findlay P, Renner T, Sellergren B, Swletlow A. Analysis of nicotine and its oxidation products in nicotine chewing gum by a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. Anal Chem 1998; 70:3304-14. [PMID: 11013728 DOI: 10.1021/ac971272w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic stationary phases showing exceptional selectivity for nicotine can be prepared by the technique of molecular imprinting. Such phases were used in the search for a rapid cleanup step for nicotine and some of its oxidation products in chewing gum formulations. Thus, using an organic mobile phase, the nicotine analytes from chewing gums dissolved in nonpolar solvent were retained, whereas the nonpolar matrix eluted close to the void peak. A subsequent switch to an acidic mobile phase resulted in elution of the analytes as one sharp peak. Due to weak binding of the less basic oxidation products, other imprinted polymers were tested, and the solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized. Polymers were prepared using various functional and cross-linking monomers, templates, porogens and thermal treatments. This resulted in phases that, when compared with a nonimprinted or a C18 reversed-phase column, showed significantly higher recoveries of the analytes. Furthermore, no bleeding of template from the phases could be detected. The cleanup step was coupled off-line to reversed-phase HPLC, and the efficiency of the analysis was compared with and without the cleanup step. Three out of four analytes were quantitatively recovered using the imprinted phase, whereas, using the nonimprinted phase, only nicotine was recovered. Without the cleanup step, none of the analytes could be determined using the reversed-phase HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zander
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Mullett WM, Lai EPC. Determination of Theophylline in Serum by Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction with Pulsed Elution. Anal Chem 1998; 70:3636-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980264s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M. Mullett
- OttawaCarleton Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Edward P. C. Lai
- OttawaCarleton Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Yano K, Tanabe K, Takeuchi T, Matsui J, Ikebukuro K, Karube I. Molecularly imprinted polymers which mimic multiple hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stereoselective recognition of dipeptide derivatives in molecularly imprinted polymers which incorporate an l-valine derivative as a novel functional monomer. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matsui J, Doblhoff-Dier O, Takeuchi T. 2-(Trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid: a novel functional monomer in non-covalent molecular imprinting. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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