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Bahk YY, Cho SH, Kim KN, Shin EH, Jeon BH, Kim JH, Park S, Kwon J, Kan H, Kim M, Kim TS. An Epidemiological Analysis of 28 Vivax Malaria Cases in Gimpo-si, Korea, 2020. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:507-512. [PMID: 34724771 PMCID: PMC8561053 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | | | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Byoung-Hak Jeon
- Department of Municipal Hospital Policy & Management, Seoul Health Foundation, Seoul 04512, Korea
| | | | - Sookkyung Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jeongran Kwon
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Hyesu Kan
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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Suh IB, Lee KH, Kim YR, Woo SK, Kang HY, Won YD, An SSA, Cho M, Cho D, Lim CS. Comparison of Immunological Responses to the Various Types of Circumsporozoite Proteins ofPlasmodium vivaxin Malaria Patients of Korea. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:119-23. [PMID: 14978337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared the seroreactivities against four synthetic peptide antigens (VK210, VK247, Korean type 1, and type 2) and a full length recombinant circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax ) in samples of sixty-three tertian malaria patients in Korea. Among the various CSP antigens, the full-length recombinant CSP showed the highest reactivity in malaria-exposed groups (85.7%, 54/63). No significant difference was found in the percentage of malaria patients with antibodies among four peptides examined, except a full-length recombinant CSP. Absorbance values from the peptide-based ELISA showed high correlations (r > 0.9, P < 0.05) at significant values. Five sera without the immunoaffinity against peptides were reactive towards the full-length recombinant CSP in ELISA. Sera, which were not reactive to a full length recombinant CSP antigen, were not recognized by any of peptide based ELISA. These data suggested that peptide structures included in Korean isolates, GNGAGGQAA, and VK247 peptides had immune reactivity and recognition epitopes. Among the antigens, GNGAGGQAA was less recognized by patients exposed to Korean strains of P. vivax in comparison to the VK210 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Bum Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan City, Republic of Korea
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Kim KH, Jang JW, Woo MK, Oh JS, Han ET, Lee WJ, An SSA, Lim CS. Evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:1427-31. [PMID: 21749585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate 4 rapid malaria diagnostic kits (RDTs) in Korea: OptiMAL test, SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test, Humasis Malaria P.f/Pan antigen test and CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test. METHODS Hundred malaria patients with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) and 100 healthy volunteers were recruited. The results from earlier four RDTs were compared with the reference standard, the Giemsa-stained traditional microscopic diagnosis. RESULTS Compared with the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity for Plasmodium vivax were 92.7 and 100% for SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag P.f/Pan; and 94.6% and 100% for OptiMAL; 95.5% and 100% for both Humasis Malaria P.f/Pan antigen test and CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test. CONCLUSION The performances of all four malaria RDT kits were acceptable, although Humasis Malaria P.f/Pan antigen test and CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test gave superior performances with ROK isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Moon KT, Kim YK, Ko DH, Park I, Shin DC, Kim C. Recurrence rate of vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 103:1245-9. [PMID: 19041109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Republic of Korea (ROK), military antimalarial chemoprophylaxis was initiated in 1997. Although chemoprophylaxis reduces malaria cases, long-term chemoprophylaxis could increase resistance. In this study, the recurrence rate of vivax malaria was investigated. All vivax malaria cases that occurred before 31 December 2003 among soldiers and veterans who entered the ROK army between 1 January 1998 and 28 February 2001 were reviewed. Of the 3881 reported cases (2375 soldiers and 1506 veterans), 62 (1.6%) experienced a second attack and 2 (0.05%) experienced a third attack. Fifteen cases (24.2%) recurred < or =60 days and 43 cases (69.4%) recurred >180 days after the start of initial treatment. Most of the second attacks (54/62) were exposed to malaria risk after initial treatment. Among 1506 veterans, 5 (0.3%) recurred and they had not been exposed to malaria risk after retirement; 1 recurred 43 days and 4 recurred >180 days after the start of initial treatment. All recurring cases were completely cured using the same dosage and regimen used for the first or second treatments. In conclusion, few cases of vivax malaria recurred after standard treatment. It is suggested that recurrences of vivax malaria are effectively prevented by the current treatment regimen and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Moon
- Health Insurance Review Agency, 1586-7 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-706, Republic of Korea
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Lim CS, Yoon JK, Chang EA, Suh IB, An SSA, Lee KH, Chung JT, Tockgo YC. Seroprevalence to the circumsporozoite protein peptide antigen of Plasmodium vivax in Korean children. Microbiol Immunol 2005; 49:521-7. [PMID: 15965299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, malaria re-emerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK), but there have been only a few reports on malaria seroprevalence. For the epidemiological study in children, a total of 1,176 serum samples were obtained from children and adolescent inhabitants from the three different regions, Pajoo, the Guro district in the western part of Seoul (Guro), and Ansan, from June to September 2002, when the transmission rate was high. Anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody levels were assessed in samples using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Among the three regions, the highest IgG seroreactivity against the CSP antigen of Plasmodium vivax was found in the children from Pajoo (8.0%), followed by the children from Guro (3.2%), and those in Ansan (0.02%) had the lowest seroreactivity. In Pajoo, the profile of antibody response showed the highest in age 9, but decreased with age towards 12 years old. We found significant correlation between the seroprevalence and annual incidence in the investigated areas, suggesting that the area-related patterns reflected the differences of inoculation rates in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Macpherson CNL, Kachani M, Lyagoubi M, Berrada M, Shepherd M, Fields PF, El Hasnaoui M. Cystic echinococcosis in the Berber of the Mid Atlas mountains, Morocco: new insights into the natural history of the disease in humans. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2004; 98:481-90. [PMID: 15257798 DOI: 10.1179/000349804225021343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the natural history of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans remains somewhat arcane. The aim of the present study was to determine whether aspects of the natural history of established human infection with Echinococcus granulosus could be investigated by using a cross-sectional approach, in a community where CE was endemic. A mass ultrasound-screening survey, coupled with a questionnaire to record all previous surgical histories related to CE, was carried out amongst the primarily transhumant Berber people of the Mid Atlas mountains in Morocco. During two periods of intensive screening, of 10 days in May 2000 and 11 days in May 2001, 11,612 people, representing > 98% of the local population, were checked. One hundred and twenty six (1.1%) of the subjects--75 (59.5%) of the 6864 females investigated and 51 (40.5%) of the 4748 males--were found ultrasound-positive for CE. Overall, 14.1% of the CE cases detected were children aged 1-15 years (who made up 44% of the study population). Most (77.4%) of the ultrasound-positive subjects investigated were also found seropositive for CE. The frequency of a past history of surgery for CE increased with subject age (P = 0.024), 125 (1.1%) of the subjects being recorded as having had such surgery. The frequency of surgery for pulmonary CE was relatively constant in all age-groups, indicating that infection can occur at any time. The frequency of abdominal CE increased with age (R2 = 0.8102). Assuming that the incidence of infection remains fairly constant over time and that the longer a person spends in this endemic area the more likely it is that he or she will develop CE, then a progression from active through transitional to inactive CE should occur. The cysts observed by ultrasound in the present study were categorized, as type 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, according to the new, standardized, ultrasound classification of CE developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). There was a clear exponential decline in the frequency of the various cyst types, from type 1 (the most frequent) to type 5 (the rarest). This decline validates the assumptions made, about the natural history of established CE, by those who developed the WHO's classification. The classification should therefore be invaluable to surgeons and clinicians, when they have to consider treatment options for patients with the various types of CE, and to policy makers trying to establish the economic costs of treating CE in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N L Macpherson
- Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St George's University, P. O. Box 7, Grenada.
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Valibayov A, Abdullayev F, Mammadov S, Gasimov E, Sabatinelli G, Kondrachine AV, Ringwald P. Clinical efficacy of chloroquine followed by primaquine for Plasmodium vivax treatment in Azerbaijan. Acta Trop 2003; 88:99-102. [PMID: 12943984 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of chloroquine followed by primaquine has been monitored in 153 patients in seven districts of Azerbaijan. Chloroquine is fully effective over the first 14 days and the combination of chloroquine and primaquine is 100% effective over 28 days.
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Suh IB, Choi HK, Lee SW, Woo SK, Kang HY, Won YD, Cho M, Lim CS. Reactivity of sera from cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria towards three recombinant antigens based on the surface proteins of the parasite. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2003; 97:481-7. [PMID: 12930610 DOI: 10.1179/000349803235002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sera collected in South Korea, from 61 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria and, as controls, 40 healthy volunteers, were tested in ELISA for IgG or IgM reacting with any of three recombinant P. vivax proteins. The antigens used, representing the parasite's major merozoite surface protein (MSP), circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) and Duffy-binding protein (DBP), had all been expressed in an Escherichia coli system and purified. The ELISA results were recorded as optical densities (OD). The highest ratio observed between the mean OD for a malaria serum and that for a control serum was that for IgG against MSP, although CSP gave a higher ratio than MSP or DBP in the IgM ELISA. In the ELISA for IgG, the OD for MSP were found to be correlated with those for DBP (r = 0.53; P < 0.5) but the OD for CSP were not correlated with those for MSP or DBP. As the most intense reactions observed were those between the IgG from the malaria sera and the recombinant MSP, the latter antigen may be useful in diagnostic tests and as a component of any vaccine used to protect against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516, Gojan Dong, Danwon Gu, Ansan City, 425-707, South Korea
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