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Zhang Q, Gong J, Xiang H, Hu R, Yang X, Lv J, Zhang W, Liu M, Deng X, Yuan X, He Z, Jiang Y, Tan B, He J, Wu S. Effects of main active components of rosemary on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:341-349. [PMID: 38053801 PMCID: PMC10694069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary extracts have been widely used as feed additives in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and ursolic acid (UA), the main active components of rosemary, on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. A total of 72 finishing pigs (Landrace; initial age of 150 d) were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates of 3 pigs each, and fed a basal diet or diet containing 500 mg/kg of RA or UA. The results showed that dietary supplementation of RA or UA had no significant effect on the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs (P > 0.05). However, both RA and UA significantly increased the triglyceride (TG) level in soleus muscle (P < 0.001). Supplementation of RA increased the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and transport including fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P < 0.001), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) (P < 0.001) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (P < 0.05), while UA increased the expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), a gene related to lipid uptake (P < 0.05). However, RA reduced the expression of adipogenesis-related gene acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACCα) (P < 0.01). Characterization of cecal microbiota indicated that RA increased the microbial richness (chao 1, P < 0.001) and diversity (observed species, P < 0.01). Further analysis of the genera revealed that RA increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and g-UCG-005 (P < 0.05), and UA enriched Prevotella (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that g-UCG-005 was positively correlated with the expression of FAS, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B), SREBP1c and PPARγ (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RA or UA may increase fat deposition in muscle of finishing pigs by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Zhang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiatai Gong
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongkun Xiang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ruizhi Hu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xizi Yang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xupeng Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China
| | - Ziyu He
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- Hunan Delore Group Co. Ltd., Changsha 410131, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shusong Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Suwignyo B, Aristia Rini E, Helmiyati S. The profile of tropical alfalfa in Indonesia: a review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 30:103504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Cui Y, Diao Z, Fan W, Wei J, Zhou J, Zhu H, Li D, Guo L, Tian Y, Song H, Su Y. Effects of dietary inclusion of alfalfa meal on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, caecal microbiota and metabolites in Zhuanghe Dagu chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2067009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Diao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiali Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Longwei Guo
- Shenyang Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumin Tian
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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He G, Zhao L, Shishir MSR, Yang Y, Li Q, Cheng L, Guo A. Influence of alfalfa meal, as a source of dietary fibre, on growth performance, development, pH of gastrointestinal tract, blood biochemical profile, and meat quality of broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiwen He
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yajin Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie College, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aiwei Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The practical usage of untraditional feedstuffs such as sunflower meal (SFM) in laying hens nutrition in developing countries has received considerable attention. SFM is a by-product of the sunflower oil industry and has been progressively added to bird’s diets. Sunflower meal (SFM) is gaining great interest as a feed ingredient due to its eminent crude protein content, low anti-nutritional compounds, and low price. The current experiment was aimed to assess the production efficiency, egg quality, yolk fatty acids composition, and nutrient digestibility of laying hens fed SFM. A total of 162 Bovans Brown laying hens aged 60 weeks old were randomly allocated using a completely randomized design into three experimental groups of nine replicates each (n = six/replicate) for eight weeks. The dietary treatments involved a control (basal diet) and two levels of SFM, 50 and 100 g/kg feed. The dietary treatments did not influence live weight gain, feed intake, and egg mass. On one hand, the laying rate was increased; on the other hand, the feed conversion ratio and broken eggs rate of laying hens were decreased (p < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of SFM. Dietary treatments had no effect on the egg’s quality characteristics except the yolk color and yolk height were larger (p = 0.01) for laying hens fed SFM compared with those fed the control. Dietary inclusion of SFM decreased (p < 0.05) the content of cholesterol in the egg yolk. Still, it increased the yolk contents of vitamin E, calcium, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of SFM increased crude protein and calcium digestibility, but decreased the ether extract digestibility. In conclusion, our results suggested that the dietary inclusion of SFM, up to 100 g/kg at a late phase of laying, could improve the production performance, some of the egg quality traits, and nutrient digestibility while decreasing egg yolk cholesterol.
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Dias AN, Reis TÚL, Quintero JCP, Calixto LFL. Fiber levels in laying quail diets. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190650. [PMID: 32876139 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of inclusion levels of dietary fiber in the Japanese quail diets. 480 Japanese quail were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 12 replicates composed of 8 birds each. The treatments were constituted by five increasing levels of fiber in the diet: 2.78; 3.08; 3.38; 3.68; 3.98%. The parameters of productive performance, water consumption, egg quality, total lipids in the egg, excreta humidity, weight of digestive organs and intestinal morphology were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the use of different fiber levels on feed intake, egg production, viability, live weight, relative and absolute weight of gizzard, small intestine and cecum, and in excreta moisture of Japanese quais. Higher dietary fiber levels resulted in improvements in feed conversion per mass and per dozen eggs and higher water consumption. There was no significant difference for egg quality, except fot the color of the yolk where it was observed higher pigmentation of this structure with higher levels of fiber inclusion, and the lipid concentration in the buds was influenced in a quadratic manner. The inclusion of fiber promoted improvement in the villi of the duodenum and cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - TÚlio L Reis
- Coordenadoria de Extensão, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia F L Calixto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Grela ER, Knaga S, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Zięba G. Effects of dietary alfalfa protein concentrate supplementation on performance, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of raw, freeze-dried, and hard-boiled eggs from Polbar laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2256-2265. [PMID: 32241511 PMCID: PMC7587663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) at the dose of 15 g or 30 g per 1 kg of complete feed ration for the native Polbar breed on selected production traits and the fatty acid profile in the yolk of raw, hard-boiled or freeze-dried eggs. Laying hens were assigned randomly to 3 experimental groups, each comprising 30 birds. The control group received a standard diet without the APC addition and the experimental groups received APC, which partially replaced postextraction soybean meal. Egg laying performance, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were controlled throughout the experiment. At 33 wk of age, 45 eggs were randomly selected for assessment of the quality of the egg content and eggshell, and 30 eggs were taken for each of the cooking and freeze-drying treatments. The fatty acid composition was determined in the yolks of hard-boiled, freeze-dried, and raw eggs. There was no effect of the APC addition on the laying performance, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and a majority of egg quality traits. Hens fed with the APC laid eggs with a darker colored eggshell and yolk and a slightly lower breaking strength. The yolks in the eggs from hens receiving the APC addition were characterized by distinctly higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The group fed with a higher dose of APC produced eggs with a substantially lower level of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Boiling resulted in an increase in the SFA content and a decline in the level of PUFAs and carotenoids. Freeze-drying led to an increase in the total SFA content and a decrease in the level of n-3 PUFA. The APC addition to feed can replace the genetically modified soybean meal without reducing the values of production traits and egg quality and with a beneficial effect on the yolk color and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - S Knaga
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
| | - A Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - G Zięba
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- A.Ö. Yıldız
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - E.T. Şentürk
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - O. Olgun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Almeida AZ, Eyng C, Garcia RG, Nunes RV, Sangalli GG, Nunes KC. Dried Cassava Residue in Laying Quail Feeding. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AZ Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - C Eyng
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - RG Garcia
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - RV Nunes
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - GG Sangalli
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - KC Nunes
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
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Zheng M, Mao P, Tian X, Guo Q, Meng L. Effects of dietary supplementation of alfalfa meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat and egg quality, and intestinal microbiota in Beijing-you chicken. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Saksrithai K, King A. Lactobacillus and dietary sunflower meal supplementation in layer diets: Effects on specific serum content and hydrogen sulfide concentration in layer manure. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dabbou S, Gasco L, Rotolo L, Pozzo L, Tong JM, Dong XF, Rubiolo P, Schiavone A, Gai F. Effects of dietary alfalfa flavonoids on the performance, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:270-277. [PMID: 28728357 PMCID: PMC5767510 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present experiment has tested the effect of dietary alfalfa flavonoids (AAF) supplementation on the productive performances, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. Methods One hundred and sixty crossbred rabbits (42 days old) were divided into four groups of forty animals each and were fed either a control diet (AAF0) or an AAF0 diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,200 mg of AAF/kg per diet (AAF4, AAF8, and AAF12, respectively) from weaning to slaughtering (102 days old). Performance data were recorded over a period of 60 days. At the end of the trial, 12 rabbits were slaughtered per group, and the carcass characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the plasma, liver and dorsal muscles were sampled from 12 rabbits/group, and were analyzed for lipid oxidation. Results No significant differences were recorded for the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits except for lightness parameter that was lower in the control group. Dietary AAF supplementation significantly (p<0.01) affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the frozen meat in a dose-related manner, with the lowest value (0.24 mg MDA/kg fresh meat) recorded in the AAF12 group samples. Conclusion These findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of AAF in rabbit diets improved muscle oxidation stability with no adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals even if a slight impact on meat lightness color parameter was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rotolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luisa Pozzo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jian Ming Tong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Fang Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Kwiatkowska K, Kwiecień M, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Fast-growing chickens fed with lucerne protein-xanthophyll
concentrate: growth performance, slaughter yield
and bone quality. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/70194/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The effect of chopped, extruded and pelleted alfalfa silage on the egg quality of organic laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tkáčová J, Haščík P, Angelovičová M, Pavelkova A, Bobko M. The effect of dietary alfalfa meal on the chicken meat quality. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feed mixtures with proportion of alflafa meal 4% on body weight of broiler chickens, fat content their meat and oxidative stability meat fat under storage conditions. Final hybrid Cobb 500 chickens were used in the experiment. The broiler chickens were fed with feed mixtures starter from the 1st to the 18th day, grower from the 19th to the 31st day and finisher from the 32nd to the 38th ad libitum. An alfalfa meal of 4% was added in the feed mixtures of experimental group. In our experiment, we used alfalfa meal, which was made from Medicago sativa L. harvested in the bud's phase. The carcasses of broilers were stored at -18° C for a period of nine months. The average weight of chickens at the end of our experiment, the control group was 1685.6 g. In experimental group with addition of 4% alfalfa meal in feed mixtures, the chickens weighed 1709.6 g. The difference in body weight between the groups was not statistically significant (p >0.05). The average fat content in chicken meat was lower in the group with a share of 4% alfalfa meal 2.33 g.100g-1 compared to the fat content in meat chickens control group 2.59 g.100g-1. Differences in fat content in meat between the groups were not statistically significant (p >0.05). In our experiment, the average peroxide value of fat in meat under storage conditions 9 months at -18°C was lower in the group with a share of 4% alfalfa meal 2.42 µmol O2.g-1 compared with an average value of peroxide number 5.79 µmol O2.g-1 in the control group. Medicago sativa L. is an interesting object for research. It is characterized by high content of protein and biologically active substances that are effective for the promotion of health, and also an improvement the nutritional value and technological properties of the poultry food, when is used in feed mixtures.
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Laudadio V, Ceci E, Lastella NMB, Tufarelli V. Effect of feeding low-fiber fraction of air-classified sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) meal on laying hen productive performance and egg yolk cholesterol. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2864-9. [PMID: 25193258 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effect on laying performance and egg quality resulting from total substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with low-fiber sunflower meal (SFM; Helianthus annus L.) meal in diet of hens. ISA Brown layers, 28 wk of age, were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments and fed for 10 wk. The hens were kept in a free-range environment and fed 2 wheat middling-based diets consisting of a control diet, which contained SBM (153 g/kg of diet), and a test diet containing low-fiber SFM (160 g/kg of diet) as the main protein source. Each dietary treatment was replicated 4 times. Low-fiber SFM was obtained by a combination of sieving and air classification processes. Feed consumption was recorded daily and egg production was calculated on a hen-day basis; eggs from each group were collected weekly to evaluate egg components and quality. The total substitution of SBM with low-fiber SFM had no adverse effect on growth performance of laying hens. Egg production and none of egg quality traits examined were influenced by dietary treatment, except for yolk color (P < 0.05) and percentage of large-size eggs (P < 0.05) that were improved in hens fed the low-fiber SFM diet. Including low-fiber SFM decreased serum and egg yolk total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Our results suggest that the replacement of conventional soybean with low-fiber sunflower meal may be a valid alternative in diets for laying hens to improve egg quality and to develop low-cholesterol eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Laudadio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - E Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - N M B Lastella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - V Tufarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano 70010, Italy
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Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on growth performance and some antioxidant indices of weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang JF, Song XM, Huang X, Zhou WD, Wu JL, Zhu ZG, Zheng HC, Jiang YQ. Effects of alfalfa meal on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of growing ducks. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1445-50. [PMID: 25049501 PMCID: PMC4093017 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate effects of alfalfa meal on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of growing layer ducks to provide evidence for application of alfalfa meal in the duck industry. Two hundred and fifty-six healthy Shaoxing 7-wk old growing layer ducks were selected and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0, 3, 6, and 9% of alfalfa meal for 8 wks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 16 ducks each. Briefly, birds were raised in separate compartments, and each compartment consisted of three parts: indoor floor house, adjacent open area and a connecting water area. The results showed: i) Growing ducks fed alfalfa meal diet were not significantly different in average daily gain, feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio from those fed no alfalfa diet (p>0.05). ii) Alfalfa meal increased the ratio crop, gizzard to live weight, caecum to live weight, the caecum index of growing ducks (p<0.05). iii) Villus height in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks increased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). Crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks decreased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). This experiment showed that feeding of alfalfa meal to growing layer ducks could improve gastrointestinal tract growth and small intestinal morphology without effect on performance. This experiment provides evidence that alfalfa meal is a very valuable feedstuff for growing layer ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Jiang
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - X M Song
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Huang
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - W D Zhou
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - J L Wu
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z G Zhu
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - H C Zheng
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Q Jiang
- National Shaoxing Duck Breeding Farm, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
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Laudadio V, Ceci E, Lastella N, Introna M, Tufarelli V. Low-fiber alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal in the laying hen diet: Effects on productive traits and egg quality. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1868-74. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jiang JF, Song XM, Wu JL, Jiang YQ. Effects of alfalfa meal on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing ducks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1039-46. [PMID: 24460922 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa meal diets on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing egg-type ducks. A total of 128 healthy 7-week-old female egg-type Shaoxing ducks were selected and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments: 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal for 8 weeks. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of eight ducks each. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to characterize the microbiota. The results showed that the DGGE fingerprints of the V6-V8 fragments of the 16S rRNA from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal had significantly higher microbiota species richness than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). The Shannon-Weiner index of the microbiota from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal was significantly higher than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis of the caecal and faecal DNA extracts showed that the alfalfa meal diet promotes the intestinal microbial diversity, as indicated by their higher species richness and Shannon-Weiner index. However, the groups did not significantly differ in terms of average daily gain, feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio (p > 0.05), and the 3-9% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of the growing egg-type ducks. The proliferation of T and B lymphocytes was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the groups supplemented with 3%, 6% and 9% of alfalfa meal than the unsupplemented control group, and alfalfa meal promoted the lymphocytes proliferation of the growing egg-type ducks. Dietary alfalfa meal supplementation increases intestinal microbial community diversity and improves of the immune response growing egg-type ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ricke S, Dunkley C, Durant J. A review on development of novel strategies for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in laying hens: Fiber-based molt diets. Poult Sci 2013; 92:502-25. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Jiang J, Song X, Huang X, Wu J, Zhou W, Zheng H, Jiang Y. Effects of alfalfa meal on carcase quality and fat metabolism of Muscovy ducks. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:681-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.731493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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The Effect of a Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate from Alfalfa (Phytobiotic) on Animal Production - A Current Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10220-012-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Effect of a Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate from Alfalfa (Phytobiotic) on Animal Production - A Current ReviewOne of the supplements that can replace antibiotic growth promoters is a protein xanthophyll extract from the leaves of alfalfa. Green matter of alfalfa contains 17-22% of total protein, rich in non-essential (exogenous) amino acids, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. The crude fibre content in green matter of alfalfa is relatively high (about 23.0-30.0% dry weight). However, protein-xanthophyll extract (EFL) contains about 1-2% of crude fibre. Like the whole plants of alfalfa, the protein-xanthophyll extract contains secondary metabolites such as plant phytoestrogens (isoflavones and coumestrol) and antinutritional components (phytates, L-canavanine and saponins). Protein-xanthophyll concentrate (PX) as a natural feed supplement has a positive effect on animal organisms. When supplemented to animals, this extract enhanced production results, increased feed efficiency, and improved the quality of meat, milk and eggs. Also, PX reduced methane emissions and soil pollution with nitrogen compounds when used in animal nutrition. The aim of this review was to gather the current literature describing the effects of using protein-xanthophyll extract in animal nutrition.
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Karwowska M, Stadnik J, Dolatowski ZJ, Grela ER. Effect of protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa supplementation on physico-chemical properties of turkey breast and thigh muscles during ageing. Meat Sci 2010; 86:486-90. [PMID: 20580166 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of a dietary protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa to turkey diets (at 15 and 30 g kg(-1) feed) on the physico-chemical properties of breast and thigh muscles during ageing. The experiment involved 120 turkeys (Big-6 type) allotted to 3 groups (group I-control group; group II--with 1.5% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate; group III--with 3% supplementation of the protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate). Measurements of pH, water holding capacity, color, oxymyoglobin content, TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential showed that the addition of protein-xanthophylls (PX) concentrate of alfalfa to a turkey diet did not cause deterioration of breast and thigh meat quality. In addition, changes in color, oxymyoglobin content, TBARS and oxidation-reduction potential values suggested that the inclusion of the concentrate to turkey diets acts as an antioxidant in the raw meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
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Al-Harthi M, El-Deek A, Attia Y, Bovera F, Qota E. Effect of different dietary levels of mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) leaves and spice supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism and metabolic profiles in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2009; 50:700-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660903202948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Al-Harthi
- a Faculty of Meteorology Environment and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , Saudi Arabia
| | - A.A. El-Deek
- a Faculty of Meteorology Environment and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , Saudi Arabia
| | - Y.A. Attia
- b Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture-Damanhour , Alexandria University , Egypt
| | - F. Bovera
- c Department of Zootechnical Science and Food Inspection , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II , Italy
| | - E.M. Qota
- d Department of Poultry Nutrition , Animal Production Research Institute , ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
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Dong XF, Gao WW, Tong JM, Jia HQ, Sa RN, Zhang Q. Effect of Polysavone (Alfalfa Extract) on Abdominal Fat Deposition and Immunity in Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1955-9. [PMID: 17704384 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.9.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred 1-day-old male commercial Arbor Acres broiler birds were randomly distributed to a control group and a polysavone group (5 replicates of 20 birds each) to investigate the influence of polysavone, a natural extract from alfalfa, on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. Birds in the control group were supplied with a basal diet, and 0.06% polysavone was added to the basal diet of birds in the polysavone group. Body weight and feed consumption for each replicate were recorded weekly. At 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk of age, 4 birds from each replicate were randomly selected for blood and organ sampling. Polysavone had no significant effect on feed intake, BW, or feed:gain ratio in the experimental period, and it decreased the abdominal fat weights at 5 and 6 wk of age. Polysavone improved (P <0.05) the relative thymus and spleen weights at 6 wk of age and the bursa weights at 4 and 5 wk of age compared with the control group. At 4 and 6 wk of age, the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in the polysavone group was significantly greater (P <0.05) than that in the control group. When birds were 4 and 5 wk of age, polysavone resulted in a significant increase (P <0.05) in serum anti-Newcastle disease virus hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. These results showed that polysavone may decrease abdominal fat deposition and enhance immunity without an adverse effect on the performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China 100094
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Habibullah S, Bilbis L, Ladan M, Ajagbonna O, Saidu Y. Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces Reduces Serum Triglycerides but Increases Serum and Egg Yolk Cholesterol of Shika Brown Laying Hens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2007.42.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mourão J, Ponte P, Prates J, Centeno M, Ferreira L, Soares M, Fontes C. Use of β-Glucanases and β-1,4-Xylanases to Supplement Diets Containing Alfalfa and Rye for Laying Hens: Effects on Bird Performance and Egg Quality. J APPL POULTRY RES 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/15.2.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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