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Wróblewski K, Wojnicka J, Tutka P, Szmagara A, Błażewicz A. Measurements of cadmium levels in relation to tobacco dependence and as a function of cytisine administration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1883. [PMID: 38253706 PMCID: PMC10803351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking delivers a number of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), into the body. Bioaccumulation may result in an increase in pathological consequences over time. The assessment of changes in serum Cd concentrations during the treatment of cigarette dependence with cytisine was performed for the first time. Parameters assessing smoking habits, strength of addiction, and effectiveness of therapy were analyzed. Cd was determined before, during, and after the end of treatment. The serum Cd levels were significantly higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers. Significant differences in Cd concentrations between sampling times in smokers were observed. Individuals who stopped smoking had significantly lower Cd concentrations compared to baseline. A significant positive correlation between the serum Cd before treatment and smoking urges was also obtained. Additionally, salivary Cd determinations were performed before treatment to evaluate the use of this method to assess cigarette addiction. Our findings indicate that Cd can be used as a biomarker of smoking addiction, and provide an alternative assessment of tobacco smoke exposure to other methods. The results provide new knowledge related to Cd concentrations in human body fluids and may play a role in monitoring and assessing the efficacy of cytisine for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wróblewski
- Laboratory of Commercial and Non-Commercial Clinical Trials, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Julia Wojnicka
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Tutka
- Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Szmagara
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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Bayoro D, Groepenhoff H, Pedro M, Rose EA, Waldmann AD. Levels of leachable elements from long-term use of enFlow fluid warmer. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221108927. [PMID: 35832259 PMCID: PMC9272159 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In the delivery of intravenous fluids, in-line warming devices frequently transfer heat using a metal heating plate, which if uncoated can risk elution. This bench study examined extractable elements detected following long-term use of the parylene-coated enFlow® Disposable IV/Blood Warmer. Methods: We tested 16 clinically relevant challenge fluids typical of the surgical setting, including commercially available single donor blood and blood products as well as intravenous saline and electrolyte solutions. After 72 h of warming at 40°C (104°F) via the enFlow, analytical chemistry identified and quantified the most clinically significant extractable elements (arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, and lead) to estimate chemical exposure. We also measured the extracted concentrations of these five elements following simulated use of the device with three solutions (Sterofundin ISO, Plasma-Lyte 148, and whole blood) that were pumped through the warmed device at two different flow rates (0.2 and 5.5 mL min−1). Results: Across all scenarios of acute and long-term exposures for different populations, the enFlow demonstrated low toxicological risks as measured by the calculation of tolerable exposure for extracted arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, and lead. Conclusion: The results suggest biological safety for the use of parylene-coated enFlow with a variety of intravenous solutions and in different therapeutic scenarios.
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Cybulska AM, Grochans S, Kamińska MS, Bosiacki M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Grochans E. Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112211. [PMID: 33862435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to assess if cadmium and lead levels are linked to anxiety and depression. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify observational trials evaluating the impact of cadmium and lead on the incidence and phenotype of depression and anxiety. The search identified 1059 records. Overall eighteen studies comprising 28,304 participants with a female predominance (n = 19,483; 69%) were included. Cadmium and lead levels were analyzed in eight and thirteen studies, respectively. Five studies found an association between blood cadmium levels and depression, among them three trials which reported that individuals in the highest quartile of blood cadmium had higher odds of showing depressive symptoms. Sex and smoking status were found to be potential confounders of cadmium impact on the depressive phenotype. None of the studies found association between the level of anxiety and blood cadmium levels. Nine studies demonstrated association between depressive symptoms and blood lead concentration. High lead levels may be associated with anxiety and neurobehavioral deficits. There are many factors that influence both the levels of cadmium and lead, and the severity of depression and anxiety in the respondents. There is no clear evidence for the impact of cadmium and lead levels on the development of depressive symptoms but a lot of indirect evidence points to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sylwia Kamińska
- Subdepartment of Long-Term Care and Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego St., 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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Lifestyle-Related Exposure to Cadmium and Lead is Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082432. [PMID: 32751456 PMCID: PMC7463543 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors contributing to diabetic kidney disease are incompletely understood. We investigated whether blood cadmium and lead concentrations were associated with the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease, and to what extent lifestyle-related exposures (diet and smoking) contribute to blood cadmium and lead concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis in 231 patients with type 2 diabetes included in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT-1), blood cadmium and lead concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations between diet (derived from food frequency questionnaire), smoking and cadmium and lead were determined using multivariate linear regression. The associations between cadmium and lead and diabetic kidney disease (albumin excretion >30 mg/24 h and/or creatinine clearance <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Median blood concentrations were 2.94 nmol/L (interquartile range (IQR): 1.78-4.98 nmol/L) for cadmium and 0.07 µmol/L (IQR: 0.04-0.09 µmol/L) for lead, i.e., below acute toxicity values. Every doubling of lead concentration was associated with a 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-2.74) times higher risk for albuminuria. In addition, both cadmium (odds ratio (OR) 1.50 95% CI: 1.02-2.21) and lead (OR 1.83 95% CI: 1.07-3.15) were associated with an increased risk for reduced creatinine clearance. Both passive smoking and active smoking were positively associated with cadmium concentration. Alcohol intake was positively associated with lead concentration. No positive associations were found between dietary intake and cadmium or lead. CONCLUSIONS The association between cadmium and lead and the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease suggests cadmium and lead might contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease. Exposure to cadmium and lead could be a so far underappreciated nephrotoxic mechanism of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Muddassir M, Alarifi A, Afzal M, Alshali KA, Abduh NAY, Beagan A. A fluorescent Cu(ii) complex as a dual functional sensor for selective and sensitive detection of acetone and Cd(ii) pollutants. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42137-42146. [PMID: 35516735 PMCID: PMC9057960 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Cu2+ perchlorate complexes of 3,5-dimetylpyrazole(dmpy), namely [Cu(dmpy)3(H2O)2](H2O)(ClO4)2 (1), were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. It was determined that Cu2+ coordinated to the nitrogen atoms of three dmpy molecules as well as to the oxygen atoms of two H2O molecules in a square pyramidal geometry. To balance the charge, two uncoordinated perchlorate anions and one H2O molecule were also present in the lattice. The resulting Cu2+ complex was involved in extensive hydrogen bonding, which stabilized the structure. The fluorescence properties of complex 1 were studied in acetonitrile at room temperature upon the addition of different organic solvents. It was confirmed that the complex exhibited remarkable acetone selectivity via a fluorescence quenching mechanism. At low concentrations, the fluorescence intensities were nearly completely quenched via a turn-off mode. Moreover, complex 1 displayed exceptional selectivity, fast detection time, and high sensitivity for Cd2+ in aqueous solutions via a fluorescence enhancement mechanism (turn-on mode). Hence, the prepared complex showed potential for application in Cd2+ detection. Notably, in an aqueous solution, complex 1 exhibited highly selective fluorescence enhancement effects (turn-on mode) with respect to Cd2+ and was not affected by the interference of other metal ions. The prepared complex 1 exhibited highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching (turn-off) effect in the presence of acetone as well as fluorescence enhancement (turn-on) effect toward Cd2+ ions in aqueous solutions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Muddassir
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Mohd Afzal
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Khulud Abdullah Alshali
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Abeer Beagan
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
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A dual-ion imprinted polymer embedded in sol–gel matrix for the ultra trace simultaneous analysis of cadmium and copper. Talanta 2014; 120:398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Whitfield JB, Dy V, McQuilty R, Zhu G, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG. Genetic effects on toxic and essential elements in humans: arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in erythrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:776-82. [PMID: 20053595 PMCID: PMC2898853 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An excess of toxic trace elements or a deficiency of essential ones has been implicated in many common diseases or public health problems, but little is known about causes of variation between people living within similar environments. We estimated effects of personal and socioeconomic characteristics on concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in erythrocytes and tested for genetic effects using data from twin pairs. METHODS We used blood samples from 2,926 adult twins living in Australia (1,925 women and 1,001 men; 30-92 years of age) and determined element concentrations in erythrocytes by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We assessed associations between element concentrations and personal and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as the sources of genetic and environmental variation and covariation in element concentrations. We evaluated the chromosomal locations of genes affecting these characteristics by linkage analysis in 501 dizygotic twin pairs. RESULTS Concentrations of Cu, Se, and Zn, and of As and Hg showed substantial correlations, concentrations of As and Hg due mainly to common genetic effects. Genetic linkage analysis showed significant linkage for Pb [chromosome 3, near SLC4A7 (solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7)] and suggestive linkage for Cd (chromosomes 2, 18, 20, and X), Hg (chromosome 5), Se (chromosomes 4 and 8), and Zn {chromosome 2, near SLC11A1 [solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters)]}. CONCLUSIONS Although environmental exposure is a precondition for accumulation of toxic elements, individual characteristics and genetic factors are also important. Identification of the contributory genetic polymorphisms will improve our understanding of trace and toxic element uptake and distribution mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Benoff S, Hauser R, Marmar JL, Hurley IR, Napolitano B, Centola GM. Cadmium concentrations in blood and seminal plasma: correlations with sperm number and motility in three male populations (infertility patients, artificial insemination donors, and unselected volunteers). Mol Med 2009; 15:248-62. [PMID: 19593409 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2008.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate a possible common environmental exposure that may partially explain the observed decrease in human semen quality, we correlated seminal plasma and blood cadmium levels with sperm concentration and sperm motility. We studied three separate human populations: group 1, infertility patients (Long Island, NY, USA); group 2, artificial insemination donors (AID) (Rochester, NY, USA); and group 3, general population volunteers (Rochester, NY, USA). Information about confounding factors was collected by questionnaire. Seminal plasma cadmium did not correlate with blood cadmium (Spearman correlation, n = 91, r = -0.092, P = 0.386, NS). Both blood and seminal plasma cadmium were significantly higher among infertility patients than the other subjects studied (for example, median seminal plasma cadmium was 0.282 microg/L in infertility patients versus 0.091 microg/L in AID and 0.092 microg/L in general population volunteers; Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.001). The percentage of motile sperm and sperm concentration correlated inversely with seminal plasma cadmium among the infertility patients (r = -0.201, P < 0.036 and r = -0.189, P < 0.05, respectively), but not in the other two groups. Age (among infertility patients) was the only positive confounder correlating with seminal plasma cadmium. To validate our human findings in an animal model, we chronically exposed adolescent male Wistar rats to low-moderate cadmium in drinking water. Though otherwise healthy, the rats exhibited decreases in epididymal sperm count and sperm motility associated with cadmium dose and time of exposure. Our human and rat study results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental cadmium exposures may contribute significantly to reduced human male sperm concentration and sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Benoff
- Fertility Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States of America.
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Bárány E, Bergdahl IA, Bratteby LE, Lundh T, Samuelson G, Schütz A, Skerfving S, Oskarsson A. Trace elements in blood and serum of Swedish adolescents: relation to gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2002; 89:72-84. [PMID: 12051788 DOI: 10.1006/enrs.2002.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status on the blood and serum levels of 13 trace elements was studied in boys and girls living in two Swedish cities with different socioeconomic and environmental characters. The same groups of adolescents were sampled twice, at ages 15 (n=372) and 17 (n=294) years. All the investigated factors were shown to be of importance. Age was important for most elements; e.g., copper levels in both blood and serum increased in girls, and selenium increased in serum from both genders. Lead decreased approximately 10% in blood from the first to the second sampling, and cadmium increased in blood, however not in nonsmokers. The age factor may also reflect temporal changes in environmental exposure, especially for nonessential elements. Girls had higher levels of cobalt and copper, while lead in blood was higher in boys. Smoking girls had higher copper levels than nonsmoking girls. Residential area influenced all elements. The teenagers with university-educated mothers had higher levels of cadmium in blood than those with only primary school-educated mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Bárány
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BMC, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hu CC, Chen WK, Liao PH, Yu WC, Lee YJ. Synergistic effect of cadmium chloride and acetaldehyde on cytotoxicity and its prevention by quercetin and glycyrrhizin. Mutat Res 2001; 496:117-27. [PMID: 11551487 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium chloride at concentrations of 10-50mM and acetaldehyde (AA) at 1-5mM showed synergistic toxic effects on V79 cells in vitro. Furthermore, synergistic effects of these chemicals were also observed in mutagenicities of the Hprt gene within certain dose ranges (cadmium chloride 5-10mM, and AA 1-2.5mM). Moreover, lipid peroxide formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, detected by 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction and the mitochondrial membrane potentials detected by rhodamine 123 uptake were significantly increased with the combined effect of cadmium and AA in V79. Thus, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity displayed by combination of these chemicals can be considered to be associated with oxidative stress. Further, these effects were efficiently reduced by quercetin and less efficiently with glycyrrhizin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Khassouani CE, Soulaymani R, Mauras Y, Allain P. Blood cadmium concentration in the population of the Rabat area, Morocco. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 302:155-60. [PMID: 11074072 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood cadmium concentrations were determined in 377 adults, 297 men and 80 women, randomly selected from the Rabat Transfusion Center, Morocco. The mean blood cadmium level was 1.1+/-0.7 microg/l, which was higher than in French subjects, with an average of 0.7+/-0.6 microg/l. In Moroccan people, the mean blood cadmium concentration of men, 1.1+/-0.8 microg/l, was significantly higher than that of women, 0.8+/-0.4 microg/l, whereas in the French people tested, there was no statistically significant difference between men and women. In Morocco, employment of men and the smoking habits of men and women were linked to an increase of blood cadmium levels. The significantly higher level observed in men could be due to a higher percentage of men who were smokers and to professional activity leading to increased exposure to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Khassouani
- Centre Antipoisons du Maroc et de Pharmacovigilance, Rabat, Morocco
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Chia SE, Chan OY, Sam CT, Heng BH. Blood cadmium levels in non-occupationally exposed adult subjects in Singapore. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1994; 145:119-123. [PMID: 8016625 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium concentrations in whole blood were measured in subjects with no occupational exposure to cadmium. The study covered 128 males and 150 females from the three main ethnic groups in Singapore (namely Chinese, Malays and Indians). The geometric means (GM) of blood cadmium (CdB) levels of non-smoking males and females were 0.21 microgram/l and 0.26 microgram/l, respectively. Smokers had higher GM CdB levels than non-smokers. Significant ethnic differences were observed in both sexes, with Indian males having the highest GM CdB level of 0.48 microgram/l. Among the females, the Chinese had the highest GM CdB level: 0.33 microgram/l. Differences in dietary habits may have contributed to the observed ethnic differences in blood cadmium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Chia
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore
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Hovinga ME, Sowers M, Humphrey HE. Environmental exposure and lifestyle predictors of lead, cadmium, PCB, and DDT levels in Great Lakes fish eaters. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1993; 48:98-104. [PMID: 8476311 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1993.9938402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A previously characterized cohort of 115 Great Lakes fish eaters and 95 non-fish-eating regional controls was reexamined in 1989. Levels of blood lead and cadmium and serum PCB and DDT were measured. Lifestyle characteristics, including recent and historic fish consumption, were evaluated as predictors of contaminant levels using multivariate regression analysis. Significantly elevated serum PCB and DDT levels were observed in fish eaters, compared with controls. Historic fish consumption, rather than recent consumption, was identified as the primary predictor of current serum levels. Mean blood lead and cadmium were also significantly higher in fish eaters than in controls. However, the primary predictors of lead and cadmium were behavioral exposures--specifically smoking and self-reported occupational and recreational exposure-rather than fish consumption. These findings illustrate the importance of evaluating a variety of possible sources when investigating human exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hovinga
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham
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Ducoffre G, Claeys F, Sartor F. Decrease in blood cadmium levels over time in Belgium. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1992; 47:354-6. [PMID: 1444597 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1992.9938374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During the time period from 1984 to 1988, blood cadmium concentration decreased by 56% in 31 males who were not occupationally exposed to cadmium and who lived in a Belgian urban area where there existed nonferrous industries. A 40% decrease in blood cadmium concentration was also observed in an independent cross-sectional survey conducted in 1985 and 1988 among 412 subjects who lived in a rural area. This latter decrease persisted when the main determinants of blood cadmium concentration--gender, age, and tobacco--were allowed for. The results presented are consistent with a decrease in environmental cadmium exposure in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ducoffre
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Toxicology and Epidemiology, Brussels, Belgium
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Chang PS, Chung C, Yuan LJ, Weng PS. In vivo activation analysis of organ cadmium using the Tsing Hua Mobile Educational Reactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02219764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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