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Jewell J, Mitchell D. The prevelance of psychosis in indigenous populations in Australia: A review of the literature using systematic methods. Australas Psychiatry 2023:10398562231156317. [PMID: 36753669 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231156317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the prevalence of psychosis in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. RESULTS Eight studies were reviewed. The prevalence of psychosis appeared higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, compared with non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. CONCLUSION Although the literature suggests the prevalence of psychosis in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations is substantial, there are few studies and limited scope. Cultural competency is essential to understanding psychosis in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jewell
- Top End Mental Health Service, 71507Royal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - David Mitchell
- Top End Mental Health Service, 71507Royal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, NT, Australia; and Department of Health, Office of the Chief Psychiatrist, Darwin, NT, Australia
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Clark PJ, Valery PC, Ward J, Strasser SI, Weltman M, Thompson A, Levy MT, Leggett B, Zekry A, Rong J, Angus P, George J, Bollipo S, McGarity B, Sievert W, Macquillan G, Tse E, Nicoll A, Wade A, Chu G, Harding D, Cheng W, Farrell G, Roberts SK. Hepatitis C treatment outcomes for Australian First Nations Peoples: equivalent SVR rate but higher rates of loss to follow-up. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:339. [PMID: 35820850 PMCID: PMC9275019 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background First Nations Peoples of Australia are disproportionally affected by hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Through a prospective study we evaluated the outcome of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among First Nations Peoples with HCV infection. Methods Adults who initiated DAA therapy at one of 26 hospitals across Australia, 2016–2019 were included in the study. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and the Pharmaceutical and Medicare Benefits Schemes. Outcomes included sustained virologic response (SVR) and loss to follow-up (LTFU). A multivariable analysis assessed factors associated with LTFU.
Results Compared to non-Indigenous Australians (n = 3206), First Nations Peoples (n = 89) were younger (p < 0.001), morel likely to reside in most disadvantaged (p = 0.002) and in regional/remote areas (p < 0.001), and had similar liver disease severity. Medicines for mental health conditions were most commonly dispensed among First Nations Peoples (55.2% vs. 42.8%; p = 0.022). Of 2910 patients with follow-up data, both groups had high SVR rates (95.3% of First Nations Peoples vs. 93.2% of non-Indigenous patients; p = 0.51) and ‘good’ adherence (90.0% vs. 86.9%, respectively; p = 0.43). However, 28.1% of First Nations Peoples were LTFU vs. 11.2% of non-Indigenous patients (p < 0.001). Among First Nations Peoples, younger age (adj-OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99) and treatment initiation in 2018–2019 vs. 2016 (adj-OR = 5.14, 95% CI 1.23–21.36) predicted LTFU, while higher fibrosis score was associated with better engagement in HCV care (adj-OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.50–0.99). Conclusions Our data showed that First Nations Peoples have an equivalent HCV cure rate, but higher rates of LTFU. Better strategies to increase engagement of First Nations Peoples with HCV care are needed.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02416-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Clark
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Inala Indigenous Health Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Patricia C Valery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Ward
- UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Weltman
- Hepatology Services, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Leggett
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amany Zekry
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Rong
- Gippsland Gastroenterology, Latrobe Regional Hospital, Traralgon, VIC, 3844, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Bollipo
- Gastroenterology Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce McGarity
- Bathurst Liver Clinic Bathurst Hospital, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerry Macquillan
- Liver Transplant Unit Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Wade
- Barwon Health Liver Clinic University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff Chu
- Orange Liver Clinic, Orange Hospital, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Damian Harding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Vale, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Geoff Farrell
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Verbunt E, Luke J, Paradies Y, Bamblett M, Salamone C, Jones A, Kelaher M. Cultural determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people - a narrative overview of reviews. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:181. [PMID: 34384447 PMCID: PMC8359545 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cultural determinants of health centre an Indigenous definition of health, and have been linked to positive health and wellbeing outcomes. There is growing evidence for the importance of the cultural determinants of health; however, to date, no high-level overview of the evidence-base has been provided. Synthesising existing literature on cultural determinants of health for Aboriginal peoples in a single manuscript will highlight what we know, and what needs to be explored in future research. It will also contribute to global efforts to capture the evidence of cultural determinant approaches amongst Indigenous populations. We therefore endeavoured to identify cultural determinants and highlight their impact on Aboriginal health and wellbeing outcomes, and outline the relationship and interconnection of different cultural determinants of health. METHODS An overview of reviews was conducted. Medline (Ovid) and Scopus were searched using terms related to 'cultural determinants of health' and an 'Aboriginal definition of health'. The database search was complemented by a web-based search of grey literature. Nine reviews were retrieved and included in our overview. RESULTS Family/community, Country and place, cultural identity and self-determination were strongly identified across reviews as having a positive impact on the health and wellbeing outcomes of Aboriginal peoples. Family/community and Country and place were found to be components of 'culture' that shaped cultural identity. Self-determination was outlined as a requirement for Aboriginal peoples to pursue their cultural, social, and economic rights. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Cultural determinants are associated with health benefits for Indigenous peoples. A causal framework, developed to discuss the relationship and interconnection of the cultural determinants of health, demonstrates that cultural identity at an individual-level is important to benefiting from other cultural determinants of health. While self-determination and connection to culture and community-controlled organisations are integral factors to increase Aboriginal resilience and resistance and improve health and wellbeing outcomes. Further research is required to shift towards a multi-level understanding of the cultural determinants of health and to develop an Indigenous-led evidence-base around causal pathways. Such a shift would ensure priorities important to Indigenous peoples are captured in policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony Verbunt
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Joanne Luke
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muriel Bamblett
- Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Connie Salamone
- Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda Jones
- Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ponturo A, Kilcullen M. A systematic review of evidence-based psychological interventions and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2021.1934429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ponturo
- College of Healthcare Sciences , James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Abeysundera H, Khanna H. "Ghost on the Coast": Persistent hallucinations through the prism of cultural concepts of distress. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:353-355. [PMID: 35017824 PMCID: PMC8709509 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_103_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is minimal literature and case reports on cultural concepts of distress, especially on ghost sickness. The aim of this article is to educate clinicians to culture-bound syndromes/cultural concepts of distress when assessing people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This case report describes an elderly male of Papua New Guinea who presented with psychotic symptoms, shaped by the cultural concept of distress from experiencing loss. This paper describes the importance of utilizing of cultural liaison officers to provide culturally-informed care and before diagnosing a patient with the culture concept of distress, every effort should be made to thoroughly investigate to exclude an organic cause for the presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesitha Abeysundera
- Department of Psychiatry, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hemant Khanna
- Department of Psychiatry, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Intergenerational Trauma and Its Relationship to Mental Health Care: A Qualitative Inquiry. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:631-643. [PMID: 32804293 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational trauma is a discrete form of trauma which occurs when traumatic effects are passed across generations without exposure to the original event. This qualitative study aimed to explore how psychiatrists understand intergenerational trauma in respect to their practice, for the purposes of identifying interventions for addressing intergenerational trauma in public mental health services. Findings revealed that psychiatrists observe intergenerational trauma frequently in their roles and try to opportunistically promote awareness of trauma with adults, and refer families to external services for supportive interventions. They feel powerless when faced with directly intervening with intergenerational trauma and required restructuring of their roles to adequately address it in public settings. Findings have implications for training, advocacy and research on the relationship between trauma and mental illness. Alongside this, there is an indicated need for examination of how systems can ensure access to appropriate services once organisations become trauma-informed.
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Kilcullen M, Swinbourne A, Cadet‐james Y. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Well‐Being: Implications for a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Framework. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meegan Kilcullen
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, Angus Smith Drive, DOUGLAS, James Cook University, Townsville,
| | - Anne Swinbourne
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville,
| | - Yvonne Cadet‐james
- School of Indigenous Australian Studies, DOUGLAS, James Cook University, Townsville,
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White P, Townsend C, Lakhani A, Cullen J, Bishara J, White A. The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment among People Attending a Homeless Service in Far North Queensland with a Majority Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander People. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul White
- Specialist Disability Services Assessment & Outreach Team (SDSAOT),
| | | | - Ali Lakhani
- Synapse, and
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, The Hopkins Centre, Griffith University
| | | | | | - Alan White
- Specialist Disability Services Assessment & Outreach Team (SDSAOT),
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Dudgeon P, Bray A, D'costa B, Walker R. Decolonising Psychology: Validating Social and Emotional Wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pat Dudgeon
- The School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia,
| | - Abigail Bray
- The School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia,
| | | | - Roz Walker
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia,
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Togni SJ. The Uti Kulintjaku Project: The Path to Clear Thinking. An Evaluation of an Innovative, Aboriginal‐Led Approach to Developing Bi‐Cultural Understanding of Mental Health and Wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kilcullen M, Swinbourne A, Cadet‐james Y. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing: Social emotional wellbeing and strengths‐based psychology. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meegan Kilcullen
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Anne Swinbourne
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Yvonne Cadet‐james
- Australian Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia,
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Povey J, Sweet M, Nagel T, Mills PPJR, Stassi CP, Puruntatameri AMA, Lowell A, Shand F, Dingwall K. Drafting the Aboriginal and Islander Mental Health Initiative for Youth (AIMhi-Y) App: Results of a formative mixed methods study. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100318. [PMID: 32477884 PMCID: PMC7251767 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culturally responsive, strengths-based early-intervention mental health treatment programs are considered most appropriate to influence the high rates of psychological distress and suicide experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Few early intervention services effectively bridge the socio-cultural and geographic challenges of providing sufficient and culturally relevant services in rural and remote Australia. Mental Health apps provide an opportunity to bridge current gaps in service access if co-designed with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth to meet their needs. AIMS This paper reports the results of the formative stage of the AIMhi-Y App development process which engaged Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in the co-design of the new culturally informed AIMhi-Y App. METHODS Using a participatory design research approach, a series of co-design workshops were held across three sites with five groups of young people. Workshops explored concepts, understanding, language, acceptability of electronic mental health tools (e-mental health) and identified important characteristics of the presented applications and websites, chosen for relevance to this group. An additional peer supported online survey explored use of technology, help seeking and e-mental health design elements which contribute to acceptability. RESULTS Forty-five, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, aged 10-18 years, from three sites in the Northern Territory (NT) were involved in the workshops (n = 29). Although experiencing psychological distress, participants faced barriers to help seeking. Apps were perceived as a potential solution to overcome barriers by increasing mental health literacy, providing anonymity if desired, and linking young people with further help. Preferred app characteristics included a strength-based approach, mental health information, relatable content and a fun, appealing, easy to use interface which encouraged app progression. Findings informed the new AIMhi-Y App draft, which is a strengths-based early intervention wellbeing app for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. CONCLUSIONS Research findings highlight the need, feasibility and potential of these types of tools, from the perspective of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Povey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Australia,Corresponding author at: Red 9, Menzies School of Health Research, CDU Campus, Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0812, Australia.
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13
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The Politics of (Dis)Trust in Indigenous Help-Seeking. QUESTIONING INDIGENOUS-SETTLER RELATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9205-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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'Having a Quiet Word': Yarning with Aboriginal Women in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia about Mental Health and Mental Health Screening during the Perinatal Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214253. [PMID: 31683908 PMCID: PMC6862568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite high rates of perinatal depression and anxiety, little is known about how Aboriginal women in Australia experience these disorders and the acceptability of current clinical screening tools. In a 2014 study, the Kimberley Mum’s Mood Scale (KMMS) was validated as an acceptable perinatal depression and anxiety screening tool for Aboriginal women in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. In the current study, we explored if it was appropriate to trial and validate the KMMS with Aboriginal women in the Pilbara. Yarning as a methodology was used to guide interviews with 15 Aboriginal women in the Pilbara who had received maternal and child health care within the last three years. Data were analysed thematically, the results revealing that this cohort of participants shared similar experiences of stress and hardship during the perinatal period. Participants valued the KMMS for its narrative-based approach to screening that explored the individual’s risk and protective factors. While support for the KMMS was apparent, particular qualities of the administering health care professional were viewed as critical to the tool being well received and culturally safe. Building on these findings, we will work with our partner health services in the Pilbara to validate the KMMS with Pilbara Aboriginal women.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's domains of wellbeing: A comprehensive literature review. Soc Sci Med 2019; 233:138-157. [PMID: 31200269 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are significant health and social disparities between the world's Indigenous and non-Indigenous people on factors likely to influence quality of life (QOL) and wellbeing. However, these disparities in wellbeing are not captured in conventional QOL instruments, as they often do not include dimensions that are likely to be relevant to Indigenous people. The objective of this comprehensive literature review was to identify these wellbeing domains for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia (hereafter, respectfully referred to collectively as Indigenous Australians). We searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Econlit, CINAHL, and Embase (from inception to June 2017, and updated in March 2019), and grey literature sources using keywords relating to adult Indigenous Australians' QOL and wellbeing. From 278 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 95 were included in a thematic analysis. This synthesis revealed nine broad interconnected wellbeing dimensions: autonomy, empowerment and recognition; family and community; culture, spirituality and identity; Country; basic needs; work, roles and responsibilities; education; physical health; and mental health. The findings suggest domains of wellbeing relevant to and valued by Indigenous Australians that may not be included in existing QOL and wellbeing instruments, domains that may be shared with Indigenous populations globally. This indicates the need for a tailored wellbeing instrument that includes factors relevant to Indigenous Australians. Developing such an instrument will ensure meaningful, culturally-relevant measurement of Indigenous Australians' wellbeing.
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Cunningham M, France EF, Ring N, Uny I, Duncan EAS, Roberts RJ, Jepson RG, Maxwell M, Turley RL, Noyes J. Developing a reporting guideline to improve meta-ethnography in health research: the eMERGe mixed-methods study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr07040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMeta-ethnography is a commonly used methodology for qualitative evidence synthesis. Research has identified that the quality of reporting of published meta-ethnographies is often poor and this has limited the utility of meta-ethnography findings to influence policy and practice.ObjectiveTo develop guidance to improve the completeness and clarity of meta-ethnography reporting.Methods/designThe meta-ethnography reporting guidance (eMERGe) study followed the recommended approach for developing health research reporting guidelines and used a systematic mixed-methods approach. It comprised (1) a methodological systematic review of guidance in the conduct and reporting of meta-ethnography; (2) a review and audit of published meta-ethnographies, along with interviews with meta-ethnography end-users, to identify good practice principles; (3) a consensus workshop and two eDelphi (Version 1, Duncan E, Swinger K, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK) studies to agree guidance content; and (4) the development of the guidance table and explanatory notes.ResultsResults from the methodological systematic review and the audit of published meta-ethnographies revealed that more guidance was required around the reporting of all phases of meta-ethnography conduct and, in particular, the synthesis phases 4–6 (relating studies, translating studies into one another and synthesising translations). Following the guidance development process, the eMERGe reporting guidance was produced, comprising 19 items grouped into the seven phases of meta-ethnography.LimitationsThe finalised guidance has not yet been evaluated in practice; therefore, it is not possible at this stage to comment on its utility. However, we look forward to evaluating its uptake and usability in the future.ConclusionsThe eMERGe reporting guidance has been developed following a rigorous process in line with guideline development recommendations. The guidance is intended to improve the clarity and completeness of reporting of meta-ethnographies, and to facilitate use of the findings within the guidance to inform the design and delivery of services and interventions in health, social care and other fields. The eMERGe project developed a range of training materials to support use of the guidance, which is freely available atwww.emergeproject.org(accessed 26 March 2018). Meta-ethnography is an evolving qualitative evidence synthesis methodology and future research should refine the guidance to accommodate future methodological developments. We will also investigate the impact of the eMERGe reporting guidance with a view to updating the guidance.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015024709 for the stage 1 systematic review.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Cunningham
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Emma F France
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Nicola Ring
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabelle Uny
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Edward AS Duncan
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Rachel J Roberts
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ruth G Jepson
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ruth L Turley
- Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Noyes
- School of Social Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Nasir BF, Toombs MR, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S, Kisely S, Gill NS, Black E, Hayman N, Ranmuthugala G, Beccaria G, Ostini R, Nicholson GC. Common mental disorders among Indigenous people living in regional, remote and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020196. [PMID: 29961007 PMCID: PMC6042557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine, using face-to-face diagnostic interviews, the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in a cohort of adult Indigenous Australians, the cultural acceptability of the interviews, the rates of comorbid CMD and concordance with psychiatrists' diagnoses. DESIGN Cross-sectional study July 2014-November 2016. Psychologists conducted Structured Clinical Interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) (n=544). Psychiatrists interviewed a subsample (n=78). SETTING Four Aboriginal Medical Services and the general community located in urban, regional and remote areas of Southern Queensland and two Aboriginal Reserves located in New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS Indigenous Australian adults. OUTCOME MEASURES Cultural acceptability of SCID-I interviews, standardised rates of CMD, comorbid CMD and concordance with psychiatrist diagnoses. RESULTS Participants reported that the SCID-I interviews were generally culturally acceptable. Standardised rates (95% CI) of current mood, anxiety, substance use and any mental disorder were 16.2% (12.2% to 20.2%), 29.2% (24.2% to 34.1%), 12.4% (8.8% to 16.1%) and 42.2% (38.8% to 47.7%), respectively-6.7-fold, 3.8-fold, 6.9-fold and 4.2-fold higher, respectively, than those of the Australian population. Differences between this Indigenous cohort and the Australian population were less marked for 12-month (2.4-fold) and lifetime prevalence (1.3-fold). Comorbid mental disorder was threefold to fourfold higher. In subgroups living on traditional lands in Indigenous reserves and in remote areas, the rate was half that of those living in mainstream communities. Moderate-to-good concordance with psychiatrist diagnoses was found. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of current CMD in this Indigenous population is substantially higher than previous estimates. The lower relative rates of non-current disorders are consistent with underdiagnosis of previous events. The lower rates among Reserve and remote area residents point to the importance of Indigenous peoples' connection to their traditional lands and culture, and a potentially important protective factor. A larger study with random sampling is required to determine the population prevalence of CMD in Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra F Nasir
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree R Toombs
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Steve Kisely
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neeraj S Gill
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Black
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Noel Hayman
- Inala Indigenous Health Services, Inala, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geetha Ranmuthugala
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavin Beccaria
- Faculty of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Remo Ostini
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Nicholson
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Donovan RJ, Murray L, Hicks J, Nicholas A, Anwar-McHenry J. Developing a culturally appropriate branding for a social and emotional wellbeing intervention in an Aboriginal community. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 29:314-320. [PMID: 29569768 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED An initial consultation process to implement a culturally appropriate social and emotional wellbeing campaign in an Aboriginal community indicated that the fundamental principles of the Act-Belong-Commit mental health promotion campaign were acceptable, but that a cultural adaptation of the branding should be sought. METHODS A competition was held inviting community members to design a brand logo for the campaign in their community. Local judges selected "winners" in various categories, and six of the submissions were selected for testing in the broader community via street intercept interviews. Respondents were asked which logo they liked best, their perceived meanings of the designs and the perceived appropriateness of the designs for a social and emotional wellbeing campaign. RESULTS A convenience sample of N = 26 local Aboriginal people who lived and/or worked in Roebourne completed the questionnaire. There was a clear majority preference for logo "D," which communicated appropriate meanings of pride and strength in standing together, and reflected the underlying strengths and capacities of Aboriginal people which this project seeks to harness and support. CONCLUSIONS The approach of using a logo competition to develop the campaign brand was highly successful and enabled further meaningful engagement with the community and other service providers in the town. The success of the competition process resulted from an emphasis on relationship building, listening to the local community and involving the community in decision-making. So what? By conforming to established, but not always adhered to, recommendations for community consultation, successful and more enduring outcomes are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Donovan
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise, and Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lesley Murray
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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McIntyre C, Harris MG, Baxter AJ, Leske S, Diminic S, Gone JP, Hunter E, Whiteford H. Assessing service use for mental health by Indigenous populations in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America: a rapid review of population surveys. Health Res Policy Syst 2017; 15:67. [PMID: 28778208 PMCID: PMC5544983 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America experience disproportionately poor mental health compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. To optimally allocate resources, health planners require information about the services Indigenous people use for mental health, their unmet treatment needs and the barriers to care. We reviewed population surveys of Indigenous people to determine whether the information needed to guide service development is being collected. METHODS We sought national- or state-level epidemiological surveys of Indigenous populations conducted in each of the four selected countries since 1990 that asked about service use for mental health. Surveys were identified from literature reviews and web searches. We developed a framework for categorising the content of each survey. Using this framework, we compared the service use content of the surveys of Indigenous people to each other and to general population mental health surveys. We focused on identifying gaps in information coverage and topics that may require Indigenous-specific questions or response options. RESULTS Nine surveys met our inclusion criteria. More than half of these included questions about health professionals consulted, barriers to care, perceived need for care, medications taken, number, duration, location and payment of health professional visits or use of support services or self-management. Less than half included questions about interventions received, hospital admissions or treatment dropout. Indigenous-specific content was most common in questions regarding use of support services or self-management, types of health professionals consulted, barriers to care and interventions received. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological surveys measuring service use for mental health among Indigenous populations have been less comprehensive and less standardised than surveys of the general population, despite having assessed similar content. To better understand the gaps in mental health service systems for Indigenous people, systematically-collected subjective and objective indicators of the quality of care being delivered are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily McIntyre
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Yale University, New Haven, CT United States of America
| | - Meredith G. Harris
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park – Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland Australia
| | - Amanda J. Baxter
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park – Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland Australia
| | - Stuart Leske
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
| | - Sandra Diminic
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park – Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland Australia
| | - Joseph P. Gone
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI United States of America
| | - Ernest Hunter
- Remote Area Mental Health Service, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland Australia
| | - Harvey Whiteford
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park – Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland Australia
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Harlow AF, Bohanna I, Clough A. A systematic review of evaluated suicide prevention programs targeting indigenous youth. CRISIS 2016; 35:310-21. [PMID: 25115489 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous young people have significantly higher suicide rates than their non-indigenous counterparts. There is a need for culturally appropriate and effective suicide prevention programs for this demographic. AIMS This review assesses suicide prevention programs that have been evaluated for indigenous youth in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. METHOD The databases MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for publications on suicide prevention programs targeting indigenous youth that include reports on evaluations and outcomes. Program content, indigenous involvement, evaluation design, program implementation, and outcomes were assessed for each article. RESULTS The search yielded 229 articles; 90 abstracts were assessed, and 11 articles describing nine programs were reviewed. Two Australian programs and seven American programs were included. Programs were culturally tailored, flexible, and incorporated multiple-levels of prevention. No randomized controlled trials were found, and many programs employed ad hoc evaluations, poor program description, and no process evaluation. CONCLUSION Despite culturally appropriate content, the results of the review indicate that more controlled study designs using planned evaluations and valid outcome measures are needed in research on indigenous youth suicide prevention. Such changes may positively influence the future of research on indigenous youth suicide prevention as the outcomes and efficacy will be more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Harlow
- James Cook University School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - India Bohanna
- James Cook University School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Clough
- James Cook University School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Ghosh M, Holman CDJ, Preen DB. Use of prescription stimulant for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Aboriginal children and adolescents: a linked data cohort study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 16:35. [PMID: 26646429 PMCID: PMC4673717 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-015-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing recognition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Aboriginal children, adolescents and young adults is a public health challenge. We investigated the pattern of prescription stimulants for ADHD among Aboriginal individuals in Western Australia (WA). METHODS Using a whole-population-based linked data we followed a cohort of individuals born in WA from 1980-2005, and their parents were born in Australia, to identify stimulant prescription for ADHD derived from statutory WA stimulant prescription dispensing between 2003 and 2007. Parental link was ascertained through WA Family Connections Genealogical Linkage System. Cox proportional hazards regression (HR) models were performed to determine the association between stimulant use and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal status. RESULTS Of the total cohort of 186,468, around 2% (n = 3677) had prescription stimulants for ADHD. Individuals with both Aboriginal parents were two-thirds (HR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.26-0.42), and with only Aboriginal mother were one-third (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.90) less likely to have stimulants, compared to individuals with non-Aboriginal parents. HR in Aboriginals was 62% lower (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25-0.49) in metropolitan areas, and 72% lower (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.20-0.38) in non-metropolitan areas, than non-Aboriginals. The risk for simulant use was four times higher among Aboriginal boys than Aboriginal girls (HR 4.08, 95% CI, 2.92-5.69). CONCLUSION Aboriginal cultural understanding of ADHD and attitude towards stimulant medication serve as a determinant of their access to health services. Any ADHD intervention and policy framework must take into account a holistic approach to Aboriginal culture, beliefs and individual experience to provide optimal care they need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manonita Ghosh
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - C D'Arcy J Holman
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David B Preen
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Bradley P, Dunn S, Lowell A, Nagel T. Acute mental health service delivery to Indigenous women: What is known? Int J Ment Health Nurs 2015; 24:471-7. [PMID: 26370896 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Australian College of Mental Health Nurses directs that mental health nurses must 'enable cultural safety in practice, taking into account age, gender, spirituality, ethnicity and health values'. The present study is a review of the existing literature undertaken in order to identify current knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding the experience of Indigenous women in acute mental health inpatient facilities. In particular, studies that identified environments and practices promoting the development of culturally-safe healing spaces for Indigenous women, and studies that identified women's experience of seclusion, were sought. The results showed that there is little literature directly relevant to Indigenous women's experiences of inpatient mental health units in Australia. The present study consolidates existing knowledge and knowledge gaps, and advances the argument for gender-disaggregated future research. Implications for professional practice and service development are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Bradley
- School of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sandra Dunn
- School of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Anne Lowell
- School of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Tricia Nagel
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Kõlves K, Potts B, De Leo D. Ten years of suicide mortality in Australia: Socio-economic and psychiatric factors in Queensland. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 36:136-43. [PMID: 26454502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exception of the United States, in recent years suicide rates have been declining in most western countries. Notoriously, suicide rates fluctuate - especially in males - in response to a range of socio-political and environmental factors, some of them difficult to identify. Our aim was to obtain an updated profile of main commonalities in suicide cases of Queensland residents between 2002 and 2011 to inform prevention strategies. METHODS Data were obtained from the Queensland Suicide Register (QSR), including police and toxicology reports, post-mortem autopsy and Coroner's findings. Data are crosschecked with records from the National Coronial Information System. Age-standardised rates (ASR) of suicide, Poisson regression and Chi(2) tests are presented. RESULTS A total of 5752 suicides by Queensland residents was registered between 2002 and 2011; 76.9% by males and 23.1% by females. The average ASR was 14.3 per 100,000, with a significant decrease between 2002 and 2011. Rates declined significantly in males, not in females. On average, rates were 3.41-times higher in males. ASR for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was significantly higher than for other Australians. Overall, male suicide rates were particularly high in remote areas, as well as in the most disadvantaged ones. One third of suicide cases presented history of previous suicidal behaviour, and half a detected and treated mental disorder. Hanging was the most common method. CONCLUSIONS Suicide rates have declined in Queensland, Australia. It is problematic to say if this was due to suicide prevention programs or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Boyd Potts
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Australia.
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Mjøsund NH, Eriksson M, Norheim I, Keyes CLM, Espnes GA, Vinje HF. Mental health as perceived by persons with mental disorders – an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2015.1039329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chenhall
- a Public Health Anthropology, Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University
| | - Kate Senior
- b Menzies School of Health Research, Australia
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Ghosh M, Holman CDJ, Preen DB. Exploring parental country of birth differences in the use of psychostimulant medications for ADHD: a whole-population linked data study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2014; 39:88-92. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manonita Ghosh
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - C. D'Arcy J. Holman
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - David B. Preen
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia
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Baba JT, Brolan CE, Hill PS. Aboriginal medical services cure more than illness: a qualitative study of how Indigenous services address the health impacts of discrimination in Brisbane communities. Int J Equity Health 2014; 13:56. [PMID: 25301439 PMCID: PMC4283121 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-13-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders persistently experience a significantly lower standard of health in comparison to non-Indigenous Australians. The factors contributing to this disparity are complex and entrenched in a history of social inequality, disempowerment, poverty, dispossession and discrimination. Aboriginal medical services (AMS) provide a culturally appropriate alternative to mainstream medical services as a means to address this health disparity and also advocate for Indigenous rights and empowerment. This study provides a vignette of lay perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders accessing community and government controlled AMS in Brisbane, Queensland with the intention of identifying self-perceived health determinants to inform the post-2015 international development goals. Methods Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were held with clients of a government-controlled AMS and an Aboriginal community controlled health service (ACCHS) in order to identify their self-identified essential health needs. Conversations were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and de-identified for analysis. Common themes were identified to highlight important issues around community health needs, how they can be addressed and what lessons can be extended to inform the post-2015 development goals. Findings and discussion Participants acknowledge the complexity of health determinants faced by their peoples. Thematic analysis highlighted the pervasive influence of racism through many perceived health determinants; resulting in reduced healthcare seeking behaviour, unhealthy lifestyles and mental health issues. Participants emphasised the marked health improvements seen due to the establishment of Aboriginal medical services in their communities and the importance of the AMS’ role in addressing the negative effects of discrimination on Indigenous health. Conclusion It is concluded from this study that AMS are crucial in addressing the negative impacts of continued discrimination on Indigenous health by providing comprehensive, culturally appropriate, community empowering health services. Such services improve Indigenous healthcare seeking rates, provide invaluable health education services and address mental health concerns in communities and must be supported in order to address health inequalities in Australia. Community driven and culturally informed health services should be encouraged globally to address health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josifini T Baba
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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Psychoanalytic Reflections on an Experience of Australian Aboriginal Culture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aps.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Australian Indigenous Clients with a Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis: A Contextual Review of the Literature. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-014-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zubaran C, Foresti K, de Moore G. Aborigines, colonizers and newcomers: the landscape of transcultural psychiatry research in Australia. Transcult Psychiatry 2013; 50:876-99. [PMID: 24002948 DOI: 10.1177/1363461513498111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors present an analysis of transcultural psychiatry research in relation to three main population groups in Australia: Aboriginal Australians, documented immigrants, and refugees. The pioneering reports produced by Western psychiatrists in Aboriginal communities are examined in this article. Additional quantitative and qualitative studies developed with Aboriginal people in the context of a traumatic acculturation process are also reviewed. Subsequently, the authors examine the challenges faced by immigrants with mental disorders in a health care system still unequipped to treat a new array of clinical presentations unfamiliar to the clinical staff. The authors also highlight the development of policies aimed at providing quality mental health care to a mosaic of cultures in an evolving multicultural society. Lastly, the psychiatric manifestations of refugees and asylum seekers are analysed in the context of a series of vulnerabilities and deprivations they have experienced, including basic human rights.
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Isaacs AN, Maybery D, Gruis H. Help seeking by Aboriginal men who are mentally unwell: a pilot study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013; 7:407-13. [PMID: 23347361 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mental illness is widespread among Aboriginal men in Australia. However, they do not access mental health services in proportion to their need. Although several reports implicate cultural differences of mental health services as the cause of underutilization, very little is known about help seeking by Aboriginal men who are mentally unwell. This study explores the help-seeking behaviour of Aboriginal men who are mentally unwell in a rural Victorian community. METHODS The study was carried out using a combination of culturally appropriate research methodologies. Within a Qualitative Description design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of Aboriginal people including men, carers and those involved in service delivery. A total of 17 Aboriginal people were interviewed, of whom 15 were men. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the data collected. They included 'Difficulty in recognizing mental health problems', 'Barriers to disclosing one's problems', 'Reluctance to contact services' and 'Alternate coping strategies'. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there is a need for programmes that aim to improve mental health literacy and promote help seeking among Aboriginal men who are mentally unwell. Such programmes need to be developed jointly by mental health services as well as Aboriginal stakeholders, and implemented in a culturally sensitive and acceptable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N Isaacs
- Indigenous Health Unit, Department of Rural and Indigenous Health, Monash University, Moe, Victoria, Australia
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The Protective Role of Optimism and Self-esteem on Depressive Symptom Pathways Among Canadian Aboriginal Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 44:142-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Makregiorgos H, Joubert L, Epstein I. Maternal mental health: pathways of care for women experiencing mental health issues during pregnancy. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2013; 52:258-279. [PMID: 23521388 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2012.737899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal mental health has become the focus for policymakers, government, research, the acute health sector, and health practitioners. The aim of this clinical data-mining study ( Epstein, 2010 ) was to undertake a retrospective exploration into the primary mental health and psychosocial issues experienced by women who were pregnant and accessing obstetric care at one of the largest maternity hospitals in Australia. The study also investigated service pathways and gaps. Aboriginal women were overrepresented, demonstrating their ongoing disadvantage, whereas other linguistically and culturally diverse women were underrepresented, suggesting the existence of barriers to service. Although psychosocial factors tend to be underreported ( Buist et al., 2002 ), the findings highlighted the integral rather than peripheral nature of these factors during pregnancy ( Vilder, 2006 ) and suggest the need for change to systems that work to support women's perinatal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Makregiorgos
- Department of Social Work, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mental health of Australian Aboriginal women during pregnancy: identifying the gaps. Arch Womens Ment Health 2012; 15:149-54. [PMID: 22476364 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-012-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite Australia's high standard of health care provision, Australian Aboriginal women continue to experience poor pregnancy outcomes in terms of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to improve these outcomes, health care providers have developed targeted antenatal programmes that aim to address identified health behaviours that are known to contribute to poor health during pregnancy. While some areas of improvement have been noted in rates of engagement with health services, the rates of premature births and low birth weight babies continue to be significantly higher than in the non-Aboriginal population. It appears that Australian researchers have been focused on the behaviour of the individual and have failed to fully consider the impact that social and emotional well-being has on both health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes. This review has highlighted the need for an approach to both research and clinical practice that acknowledges the Aboriginal view of health which encompasses mental, physical, cultural and spiritual health. Until clinicians and Aboriginal women have a shared understanding of how social and emotional well-being is experienced by Aboriginal women, in other words their explanatory model, it is unlikely that any meaningful improvements will be seen.
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De Leo D, Milner A, Sveticic J. Mental disorders and communication of intent to die in indigenous suicide cases, Queensland, Australia. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2012; 42:136-46. [PMID: 22324735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In comparing Indigenous to non-Indigenous suicide in Australia, this study focussed on the frequency of the association between some psychiatric conditions, such as depression and alcohol abuse, and some aspect of suicidality, in particular communication of suicide intent. Logistic regression was implemented to analyze cases of Indigenous (n = 471) versus non-Indigenous suicides (n = 6,655), using the Queensland Suicide Register as a data source. Compared to non-Indigenous suicides, Indigenous cases had lower odds of being diagnosed with unipolar depression, seeking treatment for psychiatric conditions or leaving a suicide note. Indigenous suicides had greater odds of verbally communicating suicide intent and having a history of alcohol and substance use. The magnitude of these differences is remarkable, underscoring the need for culturally sensitive suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.
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Berry SL, Crowe TP, Deane FP. Preliminary development and content validity of a measure of Australian Aboriginal cultural engagement. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2012; 17:325-336. [PMID: 22221309 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2011.645157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aboriginal people form one of the populations most in need of mental health and substance abuse services within Australia, although many services are not adequately sensitive to, or inclusive of, relevant aspects of Aboriginal culture in their programmes. The Aboriginal Cultural Engagement Survey (ACES) was developed with the objective of assessing the level of cultural engagement of Aboriginal clients. A measure of cultural engagement is an important step in establishing an association between culture and health benefits, so that future interventions may be designed which better meet the cultural needs of Aboriginal Australians within health services. DESIGN The process of development of the ACES involved four stages of scale development utilising a series of group discussions and reviews with Aboriginal consultants. Assessment of content validity is conducted using the Content Validity Index (CVI). RESULTS The ACES was found to have excellent content validity with CVIs over 0.80 for all items in the final version. CONCLUSION The ACES shows promise for being a useful tool in assessing the cultural engagement of Australian Aboriginal clients. There is a need for further psychometric assessment and field trials to assess its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Berry
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Causes of community suicides among indigenous South Australians. J Forensic Leg Med 2011; 18:299-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Williamson A, Redman S, Dadds M, Daniels J, D'Este C, Raphael B, Eades S, Skinner T. Acceptability of an emotional and behavioural screening tool for children in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in urban NSW. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44:894-900. [PMID: 20932203 DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2010.489505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the acceptability and face validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Aboriginal community controlled health services (ACCHOs) located in the greater Sydney region. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in three ACCHOs located within the greater Sydney region in 2008-2009. A semi-structured approach was used in focus groups and small group interviews (n = 47) to elicit participants' views on the appropriateness of the SDQ and any additional issues of importance to Aboriginal child and adolescent mental health. RESULTS The SDQ was found to cover many important aspects of Aboriginal child and adolescent mental health, however, the wording of some questions was considered ambiguous and some critical issues are not explored. The peer relationships subscale did not appear to fit well with Aboriginal concepts of the relative importance of different interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSION Overall the SDQ was acceptable in ACCHOs in Sydney; however, changes to the wording of some questions and the response scale may be indicated to improve cultural appropriateness and clarity. A further set of issues which are not covered by any commonly used screening tools but are of critical importance to Aboriginal child and adolescent mental health should also be considered by clinicians.
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Williamson AB, Raphael B, Redman S, Daniels J, Eades SJ, Mayers N. Emerging themes in Aboriginal child and adolescent mental health: findings from a qualitative study in Sydney, New South Wales. Med J Aust 2010; 192:603-5. [PMID: 20477741 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore emerging themes related to the mental health of Aboriginal children and adolescents ("young people") arising from focus groups conducted in Sydney, New South Wales. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A qualitative study was conducted between April 2008 and September 2009 in three Aboriginal community-controlled health organisations in Sydney. A semi-structured approach was used in focus groups and small group interviews to elicit the views of 15 Aboriginal parents and 32 Aboriginal workers from a variety of health and social work backgrounds on important factors surrounding the mental health of Aboriginal young people. RESULTS Major themes identified were the centrality of family and kinship relationships, the importance of identity, confounding factors in the mental health of Aboriginal young people, and issues related to service access and implementation. CONCLUSION Clinicians working with Aboriginal young people should be mindful of the critical importance of family and identity issues and should assess possible physical health or social factors that may complicate a diagnosis. Improvements in access to mental health services for Aboriginal families and a more holistic approach to mental health treatment are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Williamson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hart LM, Jorm AF, Kanowski LG, Kelly CM, Langlands RL. Mental health first aid for Indigenous Australians: using Delphi consensus studies to develop guidelines for culturally appropriate responses to mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9:47. [PMID: 19646284 PMCID: PMC2729076 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic minority groups are under-represented in mental health care services because of barriers such as poor mental health literacy. In 2007, the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) program implemented a cultural adaptation of its first aid course to improve the capacity of Indigenous Australians to recognise and respond to mental health issues within their own communities. It became apparent that the content of this training would be improved by the development of best practice guidelines. This research aimed to develop culturally appropriate guidelines for providing first aid to an Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person who is experiencing a mental health crisis or developing a mental illness. METHODS A panel of Australian Aboriginal people who are experts in Aboriginal mental health, participated in six independent Delphi studies investigating depression, psychosis, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, deliberate self-injury, trauma and loss, and cultural considerations. The panel varied in size across the studies, from 2024 participants. Panellists were presented with statements about possible first aid actions via online questionnaires and were encouraged to suggest additional actions not covered by the survey content. Statements were accepted for inclusion in a guideline if they were endorsed by > or = 90% of panellists as essential or important. Each study developed one guideline from the outcomes of three Delphi questionnaire rounds. At the end of the six Delphi studies, participants were asked to give feedback on the value of the project and their participation experience. RESULTS From a total of 1,016 statements shown to the panel of experts, 536 statements were endorsed (94 for depression, 151 for psychosis, 52 for suicidal thoughts and behaviours, 53 for deliberate self-injury, 155 for trauma and loss, and 31 for cultural considerations). The methodology and the guidelines themselves were found to be useful and appropriate by the panellists. CONCLUSION Aboriginal mental health experts were able to reach consensus about culturally appropriate first aid for mental illness. The Delphi consensus method could be useful more generally for consulting Indigenous peoples about culturally appropriate best practice in mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hart
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard G Kanowski
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Langlands
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Heffernan E, Andersen K, Kinner S. The insidious problem inside: mental health problems of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in custody. Australas Psychiatry 2009; 17 Suppl 1:S41-6. [PMID: 19579105 DOI: 10.1080/10398560902948696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recognition of the extremely high rates of mental illness among custodial populations and the fact that Indigenous people represent around one-quarter of Australia's custodial population, little is known about the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in custody. Mental health is an important component of social and emotional wellbeing for Indigenous people and this paper considers current evidence regarding the mental health status of Indigenous Australians in custody. METHOD A systematic review was undertaken of the quantitative literature relating to the mental health problems of Indigenous people in custody in Australia. RESULTS Despite high incarceration rates for Indigenous people and evidence that both mental health problems and rates of mental illness are extremely high in this group, studies in this area are few and limited in scope. CONCLUSION The first step toward addressing the marked social and mental health problems for Indigenous people in custody is to systematically identify the nature and extent of these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Heffernan
- Prison Mental Health Service (Queensland Health), Richlands, QLD, Australia.
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Haswell-Elkins M, Reilly L, Fagan R, Ypinazar V, Hunter E, Tsey K, Gibson V, Connolly B, Laliberte A, Wargent R, Gibson T, Saunders V, McCalman J, Kavanagh D. Listening, sharing understanding and facilitating consumer, family and community empowerment through a priority driven partnership in Far North Queensland. Australas Psychiatry 2009; 17 Suppl 1:S54-8. [PMID: 19579108 DOI: 10.1080/10398560902948688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper provides an example of a mental health research partnership underpinned by empowerment principles that seeks to foster strength among community organizations to support better outcomes for consumers, families and communities. It aims to raise awareness among researchers and service providers that empowerment approaches to assist communities to address mental health problems are not too difficult to be practical but require long-term commitment and appropriate support. METHODS A collaborative research strategy that has become known as the Priority Driven Research (PDR) Partnership emerged through literature review, consultations, Family Wellbeing Program delivery with community groups and activities in two discrete Indigenous communities. Progress to date on three of the four components of the strategy is described. RESULTS The following key needs were identified in a pilot study and are now being addressed in a research-based implementation phase: (i) gaining two-way understanding of perspectives on mental health and promoting universal awareness; (ii) supporting the empowerment of carers, families, consumers and at-risk groups through existing community organizations to gain greater understanding and control of their situation; (iii) developing pathways of care at the primary health centre level to enable support of social and emotional wellbeing as well as more integrated mental health care; (iv) accessing data to enable an ongoing process of analysis/sharing/planning and monitoring to inform future activity. CONCLUSION One of the key learnings to emerge in this project so far is that empowerment through partnership becomes possible when there is a concerted effort to strengthen grassroots community organizations. These include social health teams and men's and women's groups that can engage local people in an action orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Haswell-Elkins
- Collaborative Research on Empowerment and Wellbeing North Queensland Health Equalities Promotion Unit, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Carins, QLD, Australia.
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de Leeuw S, Greenwood M, Cameron E. Deviant Constructions: How Governments Preserve Colonial Narratives of Addictions and Poor Mental Health to Intervene into the Lives of Indigenous Children and Families in Canada. Int J Ment Health Addict 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-009-9225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wand APF, Corr MJ, Eades SJ. Liaison psychiatry with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009; 43:509-17. [PMID: 19440882 DOI: 10.1080/00048670902873649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to describe the referral patterns, assessment and suggested management of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples referred to an inner-city general hospital psychiatry service. The overarching goal was quality improvement. METHOD Participants were identified from the consultation-liaison psychiatry database of all referrals to the service from the general hospital and Emergency Department. All people over 18 identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander seen during the period 1 July 2004-30 June 2007 were included. Information regarding referral and liaison patterns, suggested psychiatric management, disposition and follow up were gathered retrospectively from the medical records, with a particular focus on cultural references. RESULTS There were 162 referrals to the consultation-liaison psychiatry team of people identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. The rate of referral to consultation-liaison psychiatry was 3%. The Emergency Department had the highest rate of referral followed by Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The most common reason for referral was assessment of risk. The patient's Aboriginal ethnicity was mentioned in 52.5% of consultation-liaison assessments. An Aboriginal health worker was consulted in 48.1% of cases. The most common management approach involved pharmacotherapy. The consultation-liaison service instigated legal interventions in 25% of cases. Forty-five patients were referred for psychiatric admission following their assessment. Mental health follow up was arranged in 43.8% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The range of mental health problems referred and types of diagnoses made in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples reflect what has been previously reported, particularly in relation to comorbidity. Aboriginal ethnicity was variably identified and Aboriginal health workers, general practitioners and families were not routinely involved in consultation-liaison psychiatry assessments, highlighting an opportunity to improve communication and the quality of patient care.
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Nagel TM, Thompson C, Robinson G, Condon J, Trauer T. Two-way approaches to Indigenous mental health literacy. Aust J Prim Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/py08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to provide important new information about relapse prevention in Indigenous 1 people with chronic mental illness. It aimed to explore Indigenous mental health promotion with Aboriginal mental health workers (AMHW) in order to develop strategies for effective mental health intervention. The research was conducted in three remote Indigenous communities in the top end of the Northern Territory with AMHW. Assessment, psycho-education, and care-planning resources were developed with local AMHW through exploration of local Indigenous perspectives of mental health promotion. Qualitative research methods and an ethnographic approach were used to elicit information, and data included key informant interviews, participant observation, music, photography and story telling. The study confirms that Indigenous people in remote communities prefer to use story telling and local language, local artwork and local music to convey health information. It also confirms that family and local practitioners are key cultural informants and that indirect, holistic and ‘two-way’ messages are preferred.
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Abstract
For any diagnostic system to be clinically useful, and go beyond description, it must provide an understanding that informs about aetiology and/or outcome. DSM-III and DSM-IV have provided reliability; the challenge for DSM-V and DSM-VI will be to provide validity. For DSM-V this will not be achieved. Believers in DSM-III and DSM-IV have impeded progress towards a valid classification system, so DSM-V needs to retain continuity with its predecessors to retain reliability and enhance research, but position itself to inform a valid diagnostic system by DSM-VI. This review examines the features of a diagnostic system and summarizes what is really known about mood disorders. The review also questions whether what are called mood disorders are primarily disorders of mood. Finally, it provides suggestions for DSM-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Joyce
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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