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Freitas ER, da Silva CP, Gomes TR, Nepomuceno RC, Dos Santos EO, Silva VS, Rocha LLCV, Trevisan MTS. Calcium anacardate and its association with citric acid in diets for meat-type breeding quails. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:305. [PMID: 37731138 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using calcium anacardate (CaA) as a source of anacardic acid and its association with citric acid (CA) in diets for breeding quails on the performance, the egg quality, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. Were used 540 quails European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) that were 21 weeks old, housed in laying cages based on a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and six replications of 10 quails per parcel, with each experimental unit having eight females and two males. The following additions to the diet were evaluated: 1, no addition (control diet); 2, 0.25% CaA; 3, 0.25% CaA and 0.25% CA; 4, 0.50% CaA; 5, 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA; 6, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA; 7, 0.75% CaA; 8, 0.75% CaA and 0.25% CA; and 9, 0.75% CaA and 0.50% CA. The treatments had no significant effects on the performance of the breeding quails, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. For egg quality, there was only an effect on yolk lipid oxidation, which was lower for eggs from quails fed the diets containing 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA, or 0.75% CaA alone, when compared with the control group. Considering that including CaA with or without CA in diets for breeding quails only affected yolk lipid oxidation, it can be recommend including 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA or 0.75% CaA alone to mitigate oxidative damage in the yolk of fertile eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Cleane Pinho da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Thalles Ribeiro Gomes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Roraima, BR 174, Km 12, Campus Cauamé, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Carlos Nepomuceno
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Edibergue Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Sousa Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Ledz Costa Vasconcelos Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 808, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Ave, 2.977, Block 940, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
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Xue J, Huang X, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Wang C. Effects of citric acid supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 days of age. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102343. [PMID: 36476679 PMCID: PMC9723943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid (CA) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 d of age and evaluate the optimum additional level of citric acid. A total of 180 one-day-old male goslings were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups of 36 birds with 6 replications. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00% of citric acid, respectively. The results showed that goslings fed the diet supplemented with 1.00% CA had higher final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) than other groups (P < 0.05). The CA supplementation at 0.25 to 1.00% improved the morphology of duodenum or jejunum (P < 0.05). The jejunal content pH value was significantly reduced with the addition of CA compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As citric acid levels increased, the IgA concentrations in plasma increased and then decreased, and the goslings fed 1.00% CA supplementation had the highest IgA concentrations (P < 0.05). The supplementation of 1.00% and 2.00% CA in diet significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found on some indices related to liver function in plasma (P > 0.05), while creatinine significantly increased by the 2.00% CA supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, the higher Coliform level in cecal content and worse intestinal morphology were observed when CA supplementation was up to 2.00%. Hence, the dietary CA supplementation (especially 1.00%) in goslings improves the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and antioxidant, while excessive CA addition may cause negative effects. According to the quadratic polynomial model, the addition of CA in diet for obtaining maximum average daily feed intake (ADFI) should be 1.09% (10.9 g/kg diet) for goslings from 1 to 28 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Xue
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - X.F. Huang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Z.L. Liu
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y. Chen
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y.K. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y. Luo
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - B.W. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Q.G. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - C. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China,Corresponding author:
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Mirisakhani L, Taheri H. Interactive effect of calcium, citric acid, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in phosphorus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Salehi S, Sadeghi A, Karimi A. Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, caecum microbiota, antioxidant status and immunity of broilers as influenced by kombucha fermented on white sugar or sugar beet molasses. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1941335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Salehi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Siegert W, Krieg J, Sommerfeld V, Borda-Molina D, Feuerstein D, Camarinha-Silva A, Rodehutscord M. Phytase Supplementation Effects on Amino Acid Digestibility in Broiler Chickens are Influenced by Dietary Calcium Concentrations but not by Acid-Binding Capacity. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab103. [PMID: 34447898 PMCID: PMC8382274 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responses to dietary calcium (Ca) and supplemented phytase on prececal amino acid digestibility (pcAAD) in broiler chickens vary among studies. The variation may arise from the dietary acid-binding capacity (ABC) that influences the activity of enzymes in the digestive tract and from microbial activity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the ABC influences phytase effects on pcAAD and whether microbial activity contributes to this. METHODS Male Ross 308 broiler chickens were provided 1 of 12 diets in 72 pens (15/pen) from day 16 of age until the end of the experiment on days 21 or 22. In a 3 × 2 × 2-factorial arrangement, the ABC was varied by replacing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with Ca-formate or by adding formic acid to CaCO3-containing diets, and contained 5.6 or 8.2 g Ca/kg and 0 or 1500 phytase units/kg. The ileum content was collected for pcAAD measurement and microbial community composition was used to investigate whether changes in pcAAD are related to the microbiota. RESULTS Three-factor ANOVA showed that reducing the ABC increased pcAAD (average 1.1 percentage points) and no significant interaction of the ABC with Ca concentration and phytase supplementation including 3-way interactions. Without phytase, increasing dietary Ca concentration decreased pcAAD (average 3.1 percentage points). Phytase supplementation increased pcAAD (average 2.1 and 5.0 percentage points at low and high Ca concentrations, respectively), to reach the same level for both Ca concentrations. Microbial functional predictions pointed towards an influence of the microbiota in the crop and ileum content on amino acid concentrations, as indicated by different relative abundances of predicted genes related to amino acid biosynthesis, degradation, and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Dietary Ca concentrations but not the ABC modulates the effect of supplemented phytase on pcAAD in broiler chickens. The microbiota might contribute to differences in pcAAD by changing the amino acid composition of the digesta. The extent of this effect is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krieg
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Rathnayake D, Mun HS, Dilawar MA, Baek KS, Yang CJ. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060476. [PMID: 34073875 PMCID: PMC8225189 DOI: 10.3390/life11060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the application of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) causes accelerated adverse effects on the animal diet, the scientific community has taken progressive steps to enhance sustainable animal productivity without using AGP in animal nutrition. Organic acids (OAs) are non-antibiotic feed additives and a promising feeding strategy in the swine and broiler industry. Mechanistically, OAs improve productivity through multiple and diverse pathways in: (a) reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) by reducing the gut pH; (b) boosting the digestibility of nutrients by facilitating digestive enzyme secretion and increasing feed retention time in the gut system; and (c) having a positive impact and preventing meat quality deterioration without leaving any chemical residues. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of using encapsulated OAs and synergistic mechanisms of OAs combinations in swine and broiler productivity. On the other hand, the synergistic mechanisms of OAs and the optimal combination of OAs in the animal diet are not completely understood, and further intensive scientific explorations are needed. Moreover, the ultimate production parameters are not similar owing to the type of OAs, concentration level, growth phase, health status of animals, hygienic standards, and environmental factors. Thus, those factors need to be considered before implementing OAs in feeding practices. In conclusion, the current review evaluates the basics of OAs, mode of action, novel strategies to enhance utilization, influence on growth performances, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality traits of swine and broilers and their potential concerns regarding utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushka Rathnayake
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Hong Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dilawar
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Kwang Soo Baek
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Chul Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3235
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Performance and ileal amino acid digestibility in broilers fed diets containing solid-state fermented and enzyme-supplemented canola meals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Sajadi Hezaveh MS, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Moradi MH. Single and combined effects of phytase and citric acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, bone characteristics, intestinal morphology, and blood components in meat-type quails fed low-phosphorous diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Effect of citric acid, vitamin D3, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in non-phytate phosphorus. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Siegert W, Zuber T, Sommerfeld V, Krieg J, Feuerstein D, Kurrle U, Rodehutscord M. Prececal amino acid digestibility and phytate degradation in broiler chickens when using different oilseed meals, phytase and protease supplements in the feed. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5700-5713. [PMID: 31250002 PMCID: PMC6771547 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and protease supplementation on prececal (pc) amino acid (AA) digestibility, phytate (InsP6) degradation, and MEn concentration in diets using 3 oilseed meals as main protein sources in broiler chicken feed. The broiler chicken diets, which lacked mineral phosphorus, contained either soybean meal (SBM), SBM and rapeseed meal (SBM/RSM), or SBM and sunflower meal (SBM/SFM) as main protein sources. Diets were not supplemented with enzymes or supplemented with 1,500 or 3,000 FTU phytase/kg, or with 1,600 mg protease/kg. For diets containing SBM as the main protein source, the effects of phytase supplementation with and without monocalcium phosphate were also investigated. Data were obtained during 2 subsequent runs from days 14 to 22 and from days 23 to 31. Each diet was tested using 8 replicates with 4 replicates per run. For pc AA digestibility, no significant interactions were observed between main protein sources, enzyme supplementation, or addition of monocalcium phosphate except for Cys. Supplementation of 1,500 FTU phytase/kg increased pc digestibility of all AA. No differences in pc AA digestibility were observed between 1,500 and 3,000 FTU phytase/kg supplementation treatments. Prececal disappearance of InsP6 and pc P digestibility were greater in the high phytase supplementation treatment. Protease supplementation increased pc digestibility of all AA except for Cys when SBM/RSM was the main protein source. Supplementation of protease and 3,000 FTU phytase/kg increased MEn concentrations. The effect of phytase on pc AA digestibility was fully expressed at a lower supplementation level than needed for a maximized pc InsP6 disappearance and MEn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Zuber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - V Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Krieg
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - U Kurrle
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Combination of phytase and organic acid for broilers: role in mineral digestibility and phytic acid degradation. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vieira BS, Caramori Junior JG, Correa GSS, Colvara IG, Brusamarelo E, Pereira TVS, Barbosa SAPV, Oliveira CFS. Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:555-563. [PMID: 30786072 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase (PHY), alone or in combination with citric acid (CA), on growing Japanese quails under moderate and severe phosphorus (P) restriction. For this, 504 one-day-old female quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of the following diets: (a) positive control (PC): formulated according to quails nutritional requirements; (b) negative control 40% (NC40 ): PC with 40% less aP; (c) NC40 +PHY; (d) NC40 +PHY+CA; (e) negative control 65% (NC65 ): PC with 65% less aP; (f) NC65 +PHY; (g) NC65 +PHY+CA. Phytase and CA were included at 300 FTU/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively. Performance, bone mineralization and plasma mineral concentration were evaluated at day 35; calcium (Ca) and P metabolism, between days 36 and 39. No significant differences in performance, plasma Ca and P were detected between quails fed PC or NC40 ; however, NC40 decreased tibia ash (p < 0.01). Treatment NC65 impaired daily weight gain (p = 0.01), tibia ash (p < 0.01), and tibia optical densitometry (p = 0.03), as well as modified plasma Ca (p < 0.01) and P (p = 0.03) concentrations when compared to PC. Both NC40 and NC65 reduced P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytase alone restored tibia ash of NC40 quails to regular rates. Nevertheless, only PHY and CA combined returned plasma P, tibia ash, tibia optical densitometry, and daily weight gain of quails fed NC65 to similar values as those observed in PC. In conclusion, PHY alone suppresses the negative effects of moderate P restriction in growing Japanese quails, but fails in this task under severe P restriction. In such a situation, only the combination of PHY and CA ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization. This concept should be better explored by producers in order to take full advantage of the reduction in P excretion achieved by lowering dietary P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Vieira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Gerusa S S Correa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Ines G Colvara
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Brusamarelo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Thuani V S Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Cleber F S Oliveira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
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Vieira B, Silva F, Oliveira C, Correa A, Caramori Junior J, Correa G. Does citric acid improve performance and bone mineralization of broilers when combined with phytase? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dadalt J, Gallardo C, Polycarpo G, Berto D, Trindade Neto M. Ileal amino acid digestibility in micronized full fat soybean meal and textured soy flour fed to piglets with or without multicarbohydrase and phytase supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Khosravinia H, Nourmohammadi R, Afzali N. Productive performance, gut morphometry, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Taheri HR, Jabbari Z, Adibnia S, Shahir MH, Hosseini SA. Effect of high-dose phytase and citric acid, alone or in combination, on growth performance of broilers given diets severely limited in available phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:708-15. [PMID: 26361795 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1093094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of high-dose phytase alone or in combination with citric acid (CA) in the diet severely limited in available phosphorus (P) on performance, plasma P and plasma Ca of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. 2. In Trial 1, 297 21-d-old female chicks were placed into 27 pens and allocated to 9 maize-soybean meal-based dietary treatments, which were a positive control [PC, 4.23 g/kg non-phytate P (NPP)] and 8 negative control (NC, 1.35 g/kg NPP) groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of phytase (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In Trial 2, 192 21-d-old male chicks were placed into 24 pens and allocated to 6 wheat-canola meal-based dietary treatments, which were a PC (4.2 g/kg NPP), a NC (1.68 g/kg NPP) and 4 NC groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and two concentrations of phytase (2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. 3. In both trials, birds fed on the PC had significantly higher average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), plasma P and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma Ca than those of birds fed on the NC. CA supplementation significantly increased ADG and ADFI. There was a significant interaction between CA and phytase on plasma P where CA improved the effect of phytase on plasma P. In Trial 1, phytase addition improved ADG, ADFI, FCR and plasma Ca linearly. 4. Briefly, this research showed the interaction effect between CA and phytase on plasma P when broilers were fed on diets based on maize-soybean meal or wheat-canola meal. The results showed that CA supplementation lowered the concentration of phytase that is needed in low NPP diets to increase plasma P.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Taheri
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Z Jabbari
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - S Adibnia
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - M H Shahir
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - S A Hosseini
- b Animal Science Research Institute , Karaj , Iran
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Khan SH, Iqbal J. Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1079527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Nourmohammadi R, Khosravinia H. Acidic stress caused by dietary administration of citric acid in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-309-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Citric acid (CA) is commonly used in poultry diets to promote growth by acidifying the gastrointestinal contents, improving nutrient digestibility, and reducing pathogen loads; therefore, this study was conducted to demonstrate the effects of 0, 30 and 60 g of CA per kilogramme of diet on productive performance, selected blood metabolites, immune response and certain gut-related variables in broiler chickens using 150, 7-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks in five replicates of 10 birds each per diet. Growth performance, daily feed intake and tibia phosphorous (P) retention were significantly improved by the diets containing 30 g kg−1 of CA (P < 0.01) but were suppressed as CA increased to 60 g kg−1. Dietary CA increased proventriculus, gizzard and ileum percentage and villus length, crypt depth and goblet cell number in duodenum, jejunum and ileum as well as ileal digestibility of crude protein, apparent metabolisable energy and total phosphorus while it decreased the pH of contents in the gut segments concerned (P < 0.01). Diets containing 60 g kg−1 of CA significantly reduced plasma P and Fe levels as well as cholesterol level and Alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) while increasing the aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (P < 0.01) in the blood serum of the birds at day 42 of age. The percentage of bursa and thymus was greater in the birds fed on diets containing 60 and 30 g kg−1 of CA, respectively (P < 0.01). It was concluded that inclusion of 60 g kg−1 of CA in the diet resulted in a severe reduction in performance, nutrient digestion and absorption and liver dysfunctions in broiler chickens, a phenomenon we call as acidic stress.
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Khooshechin F, Hosseini SM, Nourmohammadi R. Effect of Dietary Acidification in Broiler Chickens: 1. Growth Performance and Nutrients Ileal Digestibility. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Favero A, Ragland D, Vieira SL, Owusu-Asiedu A, Adeola O. Digestibility marker and ileal amino acid digestibility in phytase-supplemented soybean or canola meals for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5583-92. [PMID: 25403199 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments using soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM) were conducted to investigate whether the choice of digestibility marker influenced the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of N and AA in diets supplemented with phytase. In each experiment, 18 barrows fitted with T-cannulas at the ileocecal junction were assigned to 3 diets consisting of a N-free diet to determine endogenous losses of N and AA, a semipurified diet (SBM in Exp. 1 or CM in Exp. 2), and the semipurified diet supplemented with phytase at 1,000 phytase units/kg. Three digestibility markers including acid-insoluble ash (AIA), chromic oxide (Cr2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were added to each diet at 3 g/kg. Each diet was fed for 7 d, consisting of a 5-d adjustment and a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. In both studies, basal ileal endogenous losses determined with Cr2O3 as a digestibility marker were lower (P<0.01) than with those determined with AIA or TiO2 digestibility markers. Using SBM as the protein source in Exp. 1, there was no interaction between phytase and digestibility marker on AID or SID of AA. The AID of N and AA in SBM using AIA as a digestibility marker tended to be lower (P<0.1) compared with Cr2O3 or TiO2 digestibility markers. Phytase supplementation increased (P<0.001) the AID of Ca and P. The use of AIA or Cr2O3 digestibility marker tended to be associated with lower (P<0.1) SID values compared with TiO2. Phytase did not affect the SID of N or any AA in SBM except for Met, for which there was an increase (P<0.05) with phytase supplementation. Using CM as the protein source in Exp. 2, there were significant interactions between digestibility marker and phytase. Phytase supplementation had effects (P<0.01) on AID or SID when Cr2O3 or TiO2 was used as the digestibility marker. With Cr2O3 or TiO2 as the digestibility marker in the CM diets, phytase supplementation increased (P<0.05) the SID of N and all AA (except Trp). There was no SID of N or AA response to phytase supplementation of CM when AIA was used as a digestibility marker. In contrast, there were no clear improvements in AA digestibility from phytase supplementation for SBM. Phytase effects on AID or SID of AA were dependent on the digestibility marker used in diets when CM was used as the protein source but not when SBM was used as the protein source. Therefore, AA digestibility response to phytase supplementation may depend on the protein being evaluated as well as the choice of digestibility marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Favero
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Ragland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - S L Vieira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
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Khodambashi Emami N, Zafari Naeini S, Ruiz-Feria C. Growth performance, digestibility, immune response and intestinal morphology of male broilers fed phosphorus deficient diets supplemented with microbial phytase and organic acids. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Esmaeilipour O, Van Krimpen M, Jongbloed A, De Jonge L, Bikker P. The effects of temperature, moisture, duration of incubation time, calcium level, and soaking with water or citric acid on in vitro phytate degradation in a wheat–barley–rye–soybean meal-based diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Olukosi OA, Bolarinwa OA, Cowieson AJ, Adeola O. Marker type but not concentration influenced apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in phytase-supplemented diets for broiler chickens and pigs. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:4414-20. [PMID: 22952355 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether the choice of digestibility marker or marker concentration in corn-soybean meal diets influence apparent ileal AA digestibility (AIAAD) or the potential phytase-induced improvement in AIAAD in broiler chickens and pigs. One hundred ninety-two, 42-d-old, Ross 708 broilers were used in a 7-d study in Exp 1. The birds were allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a split-plot design. The factors were a combination of chromic oxide and titanium dioxide (0.3% or 0.5% of both markers, as-fed basis), and 3 levels of phytase inclusion [0, 500, or 1,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg]. In Exp. 2, 6 barrows fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum were allocated to 4 diets in a 6 × 4 Youden square design and 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were similar to Exp. 1, except the 500-FTU/kg phytase level was not used in Exp. 2. There were no marker type × marker concentration, phytase × marker type, or phytase × marker type × marker concentration interactions for any of the AA in either experiment. On average, AIAAD values calculated using Ti was greater (P < 0.05) than those calculated using Cr, regardless of the phytase inclusion level in both experiments. In Exp. 1, AIAAD values for His, Trp, Cys, and Pro were greater (P < 0.05) at the 0.3% than 0.5% marker concentration. The AIAAD values were consistently greater when calculated using Ti compared with Cr, irrespective of phytase level. It is concluded that the type of marker used does not influence whether a response to phytase supplementation, in terms of AIAAD, is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Olukosi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Esmaeilipour O, Shivazad M, Moravej H, Aminzadeh S, Rezaian M, van Krimpen MM. Effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed low-phosphorus wheat-based diets. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1975-82. [PMID: 21844263 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, jejunal viscosity, and size and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed a low-P wheat-based diet. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of xylanase (0 and 200 mg/kg) and 3 levels of citric acid (0, 20, and 40 g/kg). Each of the 6 dietary treatments was fed to 4 replicate pens (17 birds/pen) from 0 to 24 d of age. Chromium oxide (3 g/kg) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent nutrient retention. No interaction effect was observed between xylanase and citric acid in any measured response. Xylanase did not affect feed intake but significantly increased BW gain by 3.6% (P < 0.05) from 1 to 24 d of age and improved G:F by 3.9% (P < 0.01). The inclusion of 40 g/kg of citric acid decreased (P < 0.01) BW gain and feed intake by 8.6 and 12.5%, respectively. The inclusion of 20 and 40 g/kg of citric acid improved G:F by 2.3 and 4.5% (P < 0.05), respectively. Xylanase significantly decreased the viscosity of digesta and improved the retention of DM, CP, and energy, but did not have a significant effect on the retention of fat and P. Inclusion of 20 and 40 g/kg of citric acid in the diets increased P retention by 15.8 and 16.3% (P < 0.01), respectively. Citric acid significantly decreased the pH of crop contents (P < 0.05). In conclusion, citric acid, at the 40 g/kg inclusion level, reduced feed intake and BW gain but improved G:F and P retention. Xylanase decreased digesta viscosity, increased nutrient retention, and consequently improved the performance of broilers fed the low-P wheat-based diet. Thus, adding 20 g/kg of citric acid, especially in the starter period, and 200 mg/kg of xylanase to low-P wheat-based diets can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Esmaeilipour
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box 4111, Karaj, Iran
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