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Sajjad M, Sajjad A, Chishti GA, Khan EU, Mozūraitis R, Binyameen M. Insect Larvae as an Alternate Protein Source in Poultry Feed Improve the Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2053. [PMID: 39061515 PMCID: PMC11273481 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary challenge facing the global animal industry is the scarcity of protein feed resources. Various insects are gaining prominence as innovative feed sources due to their economic, environmentally friendly, and nutritious attributes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a partial replacement of soybean meal with fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on the growth performances, blood parameters, gut histology, and meat quality of broilers. A total of 350 1-day-old (40 ± 0.15 g) male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to seven experimental meals. Each treatment was repeated five times with 50 birds per dietary treatment. The seven dietary treatments included 4, 8, and 12% replacements of SBM with larvae of S. frugiperda and H. illucens. SBM was the basal diet considered the control. The data showed that broilers fed 12% S. frugiperda or H. illucens exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.05) live weight, average daily weight gain, and improved the feed conversion ratio. Meals with 12% S. frugiperda or H. illucens significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) haematological and gut histological parameters, including villus height, crypt depth, villus width, and villus height/crypt depth ratios. The meat of broilers fed the 12% S. frugiperda diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) lightness and yellowness. Replacing soybean meal up to 12% with either S. frugiperda or H. illucens larvae improves the growth performance, blood haematology, gut morphometry, and meat quality traits of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Asif Sajjad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ghazanfar Ali Chishti
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (G.A.C.); (E.U.K.)
| | - Ehsaan Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (G.A.C.); (E.U.K.)
| | - Raimondas Mozūraitis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
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Fuhrmann L, Zentek J, Vahjen W, Günther R, Saliu EM. Effects of a Specific Pre- and Probiotic Combination and Parent Stock Vaccination on Performance and Bacterial Communities in Broilers Challenged with a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121703. [PMID: 36551360 PMCID: PMC9774208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a risk for human and animal health, leading to a growing demand for effective alternatives. Combining nutritional tools and parent stock vaccination could be an approach to achieve sufficient protection against bacterial infections in poultry. In an Escherichia coli O1/O18 challenge trial, we investigated the protective effects of feeding diets containing Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) combined with specific parent stock vaccination in 225 ROSS 308 broilers. Data on performance parameters, intestinal microbial composition and metabolites, and antibiotic resistance genes (sul1-3, dhfr1a, SHV-12) were obtained. E. faecium and FOS combined with parent stock vaccination led to the highest body weights, which were significantly higher than those of controls throughout the experiment and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the crop digesta compared to that in the positive control. However, cumulative feed conversation remained unaffected by the strategies. Birds receiving the pre-/probiotic combination showed lower cecal pH levels and higher crop L-lactate concentrations than the controls, whereas copy numbers of dhfr1a (trimethoprim resistance) and SHV-12 (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) genes were only decreased in broilers from vaccinated hens compared to those in the challenged control. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of E. faecium and FOS in combination with parent stock vaccination can have complementary effects by improving broiler weight gain and stimulating intestinal bacterial metabolism, which may be beneficial for maintaining gut health in terms of Escherichia coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fuhrmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Günther
- Fachtierärztliche Praxis für Wirtschaftsgeflügel und Beratung, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Saliu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Obianwuna UE, Chang XY, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Qiu K, Wu SG. Dietary Fructooligosaccharides Effectively Facilitate the Production of High-Quality Eggs via Improving the Physiological Status of Laying Hens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131828. [PMID: 35804644 PMCID: PMC9266114 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study was to investigate the influence of prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on laying performance, egg quality, apparent fecal amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, hematological indices, immunological response, and antioxidant capacity in laying hens. A total of 216 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 30 weeks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 0.3 percent FOS, or 0.6 percent FOS. For 84 days, each treatment was fed the corresponding experimental diet. According to the findings, dietary supplementation with FOS enhanced laying performance and egg mass while lowering mortality rate. Albumen height, thick albumen content, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness were also improved by the prebiotics. Prebiotics also boosted antioxidant status by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, improved morphological development of the jejunum as demonstrated by significant increases in villi height, villi width, ratio of villi height to crypt depth, and reduced crypt depth. The prebiotics group showed a considerable increase in immunoglobulin M, G, and A (IgM, IgG, and IgA) levels, as well as a similar effect on complement proteins (C3). Furthermore, the apparent fecal amino acid digestibility of most essential amino acids was significantly enhanced. Conclusively, fructooligosaccharides at inclusion level of 0.6% efficiently enhanced laying performance and production of high-quality eggs while positively modulating amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, antioxidant status, and immune functions of the laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin-Yu Chang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (K.Q.); (S.-G.W.)
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (U.E.O.); (X.-Y.C.); (J.W.); (H.-J.Z.); (G.-H.Q.)
- Correspondence: (K.Q.); (S.-G.W.)
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Jahan AA, González Ortiz G, Moss AF, Bhuiyan MM, Morgan NK. Role of supplemental oligosaccharides in poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2067805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Jahan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - A. F. Moss
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - M. M. Bhuiyan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - N. K. Morgan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture, Curtin University, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Yang C, Tang XW, Liu X, Yang H, Bin DM, Liu HJ, Tang QH, Tang JY. Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on serum biochemical index, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status in broilers. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13679. [PMID: 35068019 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of different oligosaccharides on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant status of broilers, 240 1-day-old XiangHuang broilers were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 6 replicates each. Birds were fed corn-soybean-based diets (CON), and birds in xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and iso-maltooligosaccharide (IMO) groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg XOS, FOS, and IMO, respectively. Result showed that average daily gain (ADG) during the whole 5 weeks in FOS group was greater than that in control group (p < 0.05). Both breast and thigh muscle percentages were higher for birds fed XOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Oligosaccharides supplementation increased jejunal villus height compared with control group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in breast muscle was lower for birds fed diet containing FOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum and thigh muscle were higher in IMO than in control group (p < 0.05). Serum T-SOD and breast muscle's glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was higher in XOS compared with control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion, dietary oligosaccharides such as XOS, FOS, and IMO could improve intestinal health and antioxidant ability of muscle without affect growth performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Xiao Wu Tang
- College of bioengineering Hunan Vocational Technical College of Environment and Biology Hengyang China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Hai Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Dong Mei Bin
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Hui Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Qing Hai Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Jiao Yu Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
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Oliveira LMS, Silva PG, Silva MRS, Cordeiro DA, Souza LP, Minafra CS, Santos FR. Effect of Moisture, Particle Size and Thermal Processing of Feeds on Broiler Production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moradi S, Moradi A, Atabaigi Elmi V, Reza Abdollahi M. Interactive effect of corn particle size and insoluble fiber source on performance, nutrient utilization and intestine morphology in broilers fed pelleted diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1113-1126. [PMID: 33847001 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of corn particle size and dietary fibre on the performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and intestinal characteristics in broiler starters fed pelleted diets were studied. The experiment included 10 treatments arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial with two corn particle sizes (GMD of 1071 [CGC] vs. 534 [FGC]) and five diets that consisted in a low-fibre diet and four extra diets resulting from the inclusion of insoluble fibre sources (10 g/kg of lignocellulose (LC), and 30 g/kg of oat hulls; OH, rice hulls; RH, and sunflower hulls; SFH). In coarse grinding, all-fibre sources improved body weight gain and feed intake compared to the control diet (p < 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with fibre supplementation (p < 0.01) and fine grinding of corn (FGC) (p < 0.01). Coarse grinding of corn (CGC) and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH reduced gizzard pH (p < 0.01). Fibre inclusion increased ileal fat and Ca digestibility (p < 0.01), gizzard weight (p < 0.01), digesta transit time (p < 0.01) and length of duodenum and small intestine (p < 0.01). The CAID of phosphorus increased in CGC fed birds and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH (p < 0.05). The weight of gizzard, proventriculus and pancreas (p < 0.01) was greater in CGC fed birds. Feeding SFH, RH and OH (p < 0.01), and CGC (p < 0.01) increased the villus height (VH) of the duodenum. The OH, RH and SFH supplementation increased the caecal population of Lactobacillus spp. and total anaerobic bacteria (p < 0.01) only in FGC fed birds. Overall, birds fed pelleted diets containing RH, OH and SFH (3%) exhibited improved performance, and increased nutrient digestibility, which may be caused by developed gizzards and intestine. Furthermore, coarse grinding of corn is beneficial to gizzard development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arash Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Atabaigi Elmi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Center, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Csernus B, Czeglédi L. Physiological, antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and immunological effects of fructooligosaccharides in pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:325-335. [PMID: 32964103 PMCID: PMC7500070 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-325-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In pig nutrition, there are some periods when natural alternatives to
antibiotics are more required, such as during suckling and weaning.
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a group of prebiotics applied as feed
ingredients in animal nutrition since their positive effects on growth
performance, immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, and gut
morphology are reported. Accordingly, FOS may be candidate molecules to
improve the mentioned properties in pigs. Previous studies defined FOS as inhibiting
the activity of pathogens and increasing the colonization of beneficial
bacteria in the gut, although metabolites of FOS decreased the intestinal pH
value. Beneficial effects on digestive-enzyme activities and on protein
digestion were determined in some studies. All of the three types of FOS
(inulin, oligomeric fructans, and short-chain FOSs) promoted the microbial
composition of the gut by increasing the colonizations of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and
Prevotella genus. FOS also affected the immune response directly and indirectly and
increased vaccine-specific IgA, serum IgG, and IgE levels. Moreover, FOS
enhanced the activation of T cells and altered the secretions of some
cytokines. Levels of vaccine-specific IgG could not be increased after FOS
supplements. In most cases, FOS modified intestinal morphological
parameters, such as longer villi, villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio, and
thicker mucosa, which could suggest better absorptive functions. Results are
contradictory on growth performance, which might be influenced by the chemical
structure, the duration, and the dose of FOS, so further studies are
required. This review aims to gather information regarding immunological,
antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and growth performance properties of
fructooligosaccharides in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933911000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 15-1 and fructooligosaccharides on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 challenge. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212079. [PMID: 31194771 PMCID: PMC6563962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: basal diet and orally administered sterile saline (negative control, n-control); basal diet challenged with E. coli O78 (positive control, p-control); basal diet supplemented with 1×108 CFU/kg L. plantarum 15-1 and challenged with E. coli O78 (LP); basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and challenged with E. coli O78 (FOS); and basal diet supplemented with both L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS and challenged with E. coli O78 (LP+FOS). The broilers in the LP, FOS, and LP+FOS groups displayed a decrease of crypt depth at day 14 compared with the control groups. Furthermore, at days 14 and 21, the broilers in the LP group exhibited reduced serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) compared with the p-control group (p<0.05), and the broilers in the LP+FOS group showed increased serum concentrations of IgA and IgG relative to both control groups and decreased DAO levels compared with the p-control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the LP group displayed higher levels of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared with the p-control group at day 14 (p<0.05), and the FOS group showed higher levels of valeric acid and total SCFAs at day 21 (p<0.05). The LP+FOS group also displayed a higher level of butyric acid at day 14 (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FOS improved the growth performance, while supplementation with L. plantarum 15-1 and FOS improved intestinal health by increasing the levels of SCFAs and mitigating the damage caused by E. coli O78, thus preventing intestinal damage and enhancing the immune response.
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Kumar S, Shang Y, Kim WK. Insight Into Dynamics of Gut Microbial Community of Broilers Fed With Fructooligosaccharides Supplemented Low Calcium and Phosphorus Diets. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:95. [PMID: 30984773 PMCID: PMC6449842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how the microbiota in the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens fed a diet of low calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplements changed over a 3 weeks period. Three dietary treatments were randomly assigned to four replicate cages of five birds each, including: positive control (PC), a wheat-corn-soybean meal-based diet; negative control (NC), as PC with 0.2% reduced Ca and aP; and NC + FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% of FOS. Ileal and cecal digesta were sampled from each replicate (n = 4) on d21 and processed for 16S rRNA gene amplicon (V4 region) sequencing using Illumina platform. Statistical differences were observed in the microbiome by GI location as determined by 2-way ANOVA and Permutational MANOVA. On average, 24,216 sequence reads per sample were generated resulting in 800 and 1,280 operational taxonomic units in the ileal and cecal digesta, respectively. Difference (P < 0.0001) on alpha diversity and abundances of several phyla was observed between ileal and cecal digesta. ß-diversity was different (P < 0.05) between each treatment groups in the ileum but not in the cecum. In the cecum, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and the number of observed species were higher in PC compared to NC + FOS (P < 0.05). Several phyla, including Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, had significantly different abundance in the ileal and cecal digesta (P < 0.05). In the ileal digesta, positive correlation were observed between Salinibacterium and Lysobacter and PC diet. Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Pseudomonas and the NC diet and Lactobacillus and Escherichia and the NC + FOS diet. In the cecal digesta, Butyrivibrio, and Allobaculum were positively correlated to PC. Although, Clostridium and Anaerotruncus were positively correlated to NC + FOS, they showed negative correlation to PC and NC. The study concludes that dietary Ca and aP level and FOS supplementation alters ileal microbiota of the broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yue Shang
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Ahmed R, Juniper D, Tonks A, Rymer C. The effect of incremental inclusion of whole grain wheat in the diet of growing turkeys on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, cecal health, and digesta characteristics. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dabbou S, Gai F, Biasato I, Capucchio MT, Biasibetti E, Dezzutto D, Meneguz M, Plachà I, Gasco L, Schiavone A. Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance, blood traits, gut morphology and histological features. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 30002825 PMCID: PMC6036674 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to 4 dietary treatments (8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels (0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter (1-10 d), growing (10-24 d) and finisher (24-35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were performed. RESULTS The live weight (LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal (maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain (ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal (maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake (DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period (maximum for HI10 group). Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period (maximum for HI15). No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration, which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut morphology, thus suggesting that low levels may be more suitable. However, no significant effects on the haematochemical parameters or histological findings were observed in relation to HI meal utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniela Dezzutto
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Iveta Plachà
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Laura Gasco
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainability, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10100 Turin, Italy
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15
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Xu Y, Liu L, Long S, Pan L, Piao X. Effect of organic acids and essential oils on performance, intestinal health and digestive enzyme activities of weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Shang Y, Kim WK. Roles of Fructooligosaccharides and Phytase in Broiler
Chickens: Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2017.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Goodarzi Boroojeni F, Svihus B, Graf von Reichenbach H, Zentek J. The effects of hydrothermal processing on feed hygiene, nutrient availability, intestinal microbiota and morphology in poultry—A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Sethiya NK. Review on Natural Growth Promoters Available for Improving Gut Health of Poultry: An Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpsaj.2016.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Shang Y, Regassa A, Kim JH, Kim WK. The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2887-97. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Pruszynska-Oszmalek E, Kolodziejski PA, Stadnicka K, Sassek M, Chalupka D, Kuston B, Nogowski L, Mackowiak P, Maiorano G, Jankowski J, Bednarczyk M. In ovo injection of prebiotics and synbiotics affects the digestive potency of the pancreas in growing chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1909-16. [PMID: 26112038 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of 2 prebiotics and 2 synbiotics on the digestive potency of pancreas in 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 34-day-old cockerels. Prebiotics (inulin and Bi²tos) and synbiotics (inulin + Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Bi²tos + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris) were injected in ovo into the air cell on the 12th d embryonic development. Their application increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in the pancreas. The most pronounced changes were observed at the end of the investigated rearing period (d 34). The strongest stimulative effects on amylase were shown by both synbiotics, on lipase synbiotic Bi²tos + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, and on trypsin all the used prebiotics and synbiotics. Simultaneously, neither the absolute nor the relative mass of the pancreas in comparison to control group were changed. Also, the injected in ovo compounds did not cause a deterioration in the posthatching condition of the chicken liver, as determined by measurement of the activity of marker enzymes in the blood (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Treatment with the prebiotics and synbiotics did not change the feed conversion ratio but Bi²tos (galacto-oligosaccharide) and inulin (fructan) + Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis significantly increased final BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pruszynska-Oszmalek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - P A Kolodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - K Stadnicka
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - D Chalupka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - B Kuston
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - L Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - G Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - J Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Shang Y, Rogiewicz A, Patterson R, Slominski B, Kim W. The effect of phytase and fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, bone quality, and phosphorus utilization in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:955-64. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Röhe I, Ruhnke I, Knorr F, Mader A, Boroojeni FG, Löwe R, Zentek J. Effects of grinding method, particle size, and physical form of the diet on gastrointestinal morphology and jejunal glucose transport in laying hens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2060-8. [PMID: 24902702 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies illustrated that the structure of feed, i.e., the particle size, particle-size distribution, and the physical form of the diet, affects the avian gastrointestinal function and health leading to changes in productive performance. However, investigations concerning the effects of feeding differently processed diets on laying hens are limited and primarily concentrated on bird performance. The current study examines the effect of feed processing on the gastrointestinal morphology and on the jejunal glucose transport of laying hens. In 8 replicates, a total of 384 hens (Lohmann Brown) aged 20 wk were randomly allocated to 8 different groups and fed over a period of 21 d in a 3-factorial design. Diets differed in 1) grinding method, either hammer or roller mill; 2) physical form, either mash or expandate; and 3) particle size, either coarsely or finely ground. During the experimental trial, the laying performance of each feeding group was recorded daily and the feed intake and BW determined weekly. After slaughtering, the weights of the pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, and small intestine were measured. Villus lengths and crypt depths of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were determined. The jejunal electrogenic glucose transport was studied in Ussing chambers. Hens that received mash instead of expandate had higher proventriculus (P = 0.011), gizzard (P < 0.001), and pancreas (P = 0.019) weights, whereas the feeding of coarsely instead of finely ground diets led to higher gizzard weights (P < 0.001). Mash-fed hens showed longer duodenal (P < 0.001) and shorter ileal villi (P = 0.047) and increased duodenal villus height-to-crypt depth ratios (P < 0.001) than those given the expandate. Mash-fed hens had higher glucose transport rates than expandate-fed hens (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the feeding of coarsely ground as well as mash diets had stimulating effects on the development of the gastrointestinal organs. Moreover, the feeding of mash influenced the intestinal microstructure of the epithelium that was accompanied by higher glucose transport capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Röhe
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Ruhnke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Knorr
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Mader
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Löwe
- International Research Association of Feed Technology e.V., Frickenmühle 1A, 38110 Braunschweig (Thune), Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Mookiah S, Sieo CC, Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Ho YW. Effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic and synbiotics on performance, caecal bacterial populations and caecal fermentation concentrations of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:341-348. [PMID: 24037967 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of a worldwide attempt to restrict or ban the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production, probiotics, prebiotics and combinations of both, as synbiotics, have been suggested as potential alternatives. In this study, the effects of a prebiotic (isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMO), a multi-strain probiotic (consisting of 11 Lactobacillus strains), and a combination of these dietary additives as a synbiotic on the performance, caecal bacterial populations and concentrations of caecal volatile fatty acids and non-volatile fatty acids of broiler chickens were evaluated. RESULTS Supplementation of 1g kg⁻¹ probiotic (PRO); 5 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (PRE05); 10 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (PRE10); synbiotic consisting of 1g kg⁻¹ probiotic + 5 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (SYN05); or synbiotic consisting of 1 g kg⁻¹ probiotic + 10 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (SYN10) significantly (P < 0.05) improved weight gain of broiler chickens at 22-42 and 1-42 days of age, and feed conversion rate from 1 to 21, 22-42 and 1-42 days of age. The supplementation of probiotic (PRO), prebiotics (PRE05 and PRE10) or synbiotics (SYN05 and SYN10) also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the caecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and decreased the caecal Escherichia coli at 21 days of age, and increased the caecal VFA at 21 and 42 days of age. In all parameters studied, synbiotics did not show a two-fold synergistic effect, when compared to those of probiotic or prebiotic alone. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicated that prebiotic IMO (5 g kg⁻¹ or 10 g kg⁻¹), probiotic and their combinations as synbiotics were effective in improving the performance of broiler chickens and in increasing the caecal beneficial bacteria and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Mookiah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Peinado M, Ruiz R, Echávarri A, Aranda-Olmedo I, Rubio L. Garlic derivative PTS-O modulates intestinal microbiota composition and improves digestibility in growing broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Khodambashi Emami N, Samie A, Rahmani H, Ruiz-Feria C. The effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut morphology and immune response of male broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Cengiz O, Koksal BH, Yagin O, Bakirci AS, Beyaz D, Buyukyoruk S, Onol AG. Influence of Dietary Prebiotic Addition on Digestibility and Intestinal Microflora
of Young Male Broiler Chickens Exposed to Delayed Feed Access after Hatch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.408.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Boumart Z, Roche SM, Lalande F, Virlogeux-Payant I, Hennequet-Antier C, Menanteau P, Gabriel I, Weill FX, Velge P, Chemaly M. Heterogeneity of persistence of Salmonella enterica serotype Senftenberg strains could explain the emergence of this serotype in poultry flocks. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35782. [PMID: 22545136 PMCID: PMC3335784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Senftenberg (S. Senftenberg) has recently become more frequent in poultry flocks. Moreover some strains have been implicated in severe clinical cases. To explain the causes of this emergence in farm animals, 134 S. Senftenberg isolates from hatcheries, poultry farms and human clinical cases were analyzed. Persistent and non-persistent strains were identified in chicks. The non-persistent strains disappeared from ceca a few weeks post inoculation. This lack of persistence could be related to the disappearance of this serotype from poultry farms in the past. In contrast, persistent S. Senftenberg strains induced an intestinal asymptomatic carrier state in chicks similar to S. Enteritidis, but a weaker systemic infection than S. Enteritidis in chicks and mice. An in vitro analysis showed that the low infectivity of S. Senftenberg is in part related to its low capacity to invade enterocytes and thus to translocate the intestinal barrier. The higher capacity of persistent than non-persistent strains to colonize and persist in the ceca of chickens could explain the increased persistence of S. Senftenberg in poultry flocks. This trait might thus present a human health risk as these bacteria could be present in animals before slaughter and during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Boumart
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly France
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Hygiène et Qualité des Produits Avicoles et Porcins, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sylvie M. Roche
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly France
- IFR136 Agents transmissibles et Infectiologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Françoise Lalande
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Hygiène et Qualité des Produits Avicoles et Porcins, Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly France
- IFR136 Agents transmissibles et Infectiologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Pierrette Menanteau
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly France
- IFR136 Agents transmissibles et Infectiologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Nouzilly France
- IFR136 Agents transmissibles et Infectiologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Unité Hygiène et Qualité des Produits Avicoles et Porcins, Ploufragan, France
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Saha M, Chowdhury SD, Hossain ME, Islam MK, Roy B. Organic Water Additive on Growth Performances, Hematological Parameters and Cost Effectiveness in Broiler Production. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.6.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Zhang B, Yang X, Guo Y, Long F. Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on the performance and the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 65:329-39. [PMID: 21888038 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.568274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two sources of dietary lipids and supplementation of Clostridium butyricum on performance and intestinal metabolism of broilers were investigated. In a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, 168 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups, and fed four diets with two lipid sources (soya bean oil or fish oil, at 25 g/kg and 30 g/kg in starter and grower diets respectively), and without or with supplementation of C. butyricum (1 x 10(9) colony forming units per kg diet). C. butyricum had no effect on broiler performance. At 20 and 40 d of age, the pH of caecal digesta and the relative length of caecum were decreased after supplementation of C. butyricum (p < 0.05). After this treatment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased in jejunal mucosa at 40 d of age (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there were increases in populations of lactic acid bacteria and the concentrations of acetic acid, n-butyric acid, n-valeric acid and total short chain fatty acids in caecal digesta of birds fed C. butyricum (p < 0.05). A significant interaction between lipid source and C. butyricum was found in the pH of caecal digesta at 20 d of age (p < 0.01). The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum maybe a benefit for gut health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Bejjing, China
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30
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Rebolé A, Ortiz LT, Rodríguez ML, Alzueta C, Treviño J, Velasco S. Effects of inulin and enzyme complex, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal microflora, cecal fermentation characteristics, and jejunal histomorphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat- and barley-based diet. Poult Sci 2010; 89:276-86. [PMID: 20075280 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to examine the effects of inulin, alone or in combination with enzyme complex (primarily xylanase and beta-glucanase), on growth performance, ileal and cecal microflora, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and d-lactic acid and jejunal histomorphology of broiler chickens fed a wheat- and barley-based diet from 7 to 35 d of age. A total of 240 seven-day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments, with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 5 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a 3x2 factorial arrangement of the treatments with 3 concentrations of inulin (0, 10, or 20 g/kg of diet) and 2 concentrations of enzyme complex (0 or 100 mg/kg of diet). At the end of the experiment, 8 birds per treatment (one from each pen) were randomly chosen and slaughtered. Birds fed inulin-containing diets exhibited significantly (P=0.043) improved final BW gain. Dietary inulin had a positive and significant (P<0.002 to 0.009) effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli counts in both ileal and cecal contents and, to an extent, also altered the fermentation patterns in the ceca, increasing the concentration of n-butyric and d-lactic acids and the n-butyric acid:acetic acid ratio. Inulin inclusion had no effect on villus height and crypt depth or microvillus length, width, and density in the jejunum. Enzyme supplementation of the control diet and inulin-containing diets had no effect on many of the variables studied and only resulted in a decrease in crypt depth and an increase in villus height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rebolé
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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31
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Bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of non-ruminants: Influence of fermented feeds and fermentable carbohydrates. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41:1393-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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