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Lamonica D, Charvy L, Kuo D, Fritsch C, Coeurdassier M, Berny P, Charles S. A brief review on models for birds exposed to chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34628-5. [PMID: 39133414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
"A Who's Who of pesticides is therefore of concern to us all. If we are going to live so intimately with these chemicals eating and drinking them, taking them into the very marrow of our bones - we had better know something about their nature and their power."-Rachel Carson, Silent Spring. In her day, Rachel Carson was right: plant protection products (PPP), like all the other chemical substances that humans increasingly release into the environment without further precaution, are among our worst enemies today (Bruhl and Zaller, 2019; Naidu et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2021; Topping et al., 2020). All compartments of the biosphere, air, soil and water, are potential reservoirs within which all species that live there are impaired. Birds are particularly concerned: PPP are recognized as a factor in the decline of their abundance and diversity predominantly in agricultural landscapes. Due to the restrictions on vertebrates testing, in silico-based approaches are an ideal choice alternative given input data are available. This is where the problem lies as we will illustrate in this paper. We performed an extensive literature search covering a long period of time, a wide diversity of bird species, a large range of chemical substances, and as many model types as possible to encompass all our future need to improve environmental risk assessment of chemicals for birds. In the end, we show that poultry species exposed to pesticides are the most studied at the individual level with physiologically based toxicokinetic models. To go beyond, with more species, more chemical types, over several levels of biological organization, we show that observed data are crucially missing (Gilbert, 2011). As a consequence, improving existing models or developing new ones could be like climbing Everest if no additional data can be gathered, especially on chemical effects and toxicodynamic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lamonica
- University Lyon 1, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology - UMR CNRS5558, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France.
- Research Institute for Development, BotAny and Modeling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation - UMR AMAP, TA A51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 05, 34398, France.
| | - Lison Charvy
- INSA Lyon, Biosciences department, 20 avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Dave Kuo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (GIEE), National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon cedex, 25030, France
| | - Michaël Coeurdassier
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon cedex, 25030, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy l'étoile, F-69280, France
| | - Sandrine Charles
- University Lyon 1, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology - UMR CNRS5558, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France
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Baier V, Paini A, Schaller S, Scanes CG, Bone AJ, Ebeling M, Preuss TG, Witt J, Heckmann D. A generic avian physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model and its application in three bird species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107547. [PMID: 36179644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are effective tools for designing toxicological studies and conducting extrapolations to inform hazard characterization in risk assessment by filling data gaps and defining safe levels of chemicals. In the present work, a generic avian PBK model for male and female birds was developed using PK-Sim and MoBi from the Open Systems Pharmacology Suite (OSPS). The PBK model includes an ovulation model (egg development) to predict concentrations of chemicals in eggs from dietary exposure. The model was parametrized for chicken (Gallus gallus), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and was tested with nine chemicals for which in vivo studies were available. Time-concentration profiles of chemicals reaching tissues and egg compartment were simulated and compared to in vivo data. The overall accuracy of the PBK model predictions across the analyzed chemicals was good. Model simulations were found to be in the range of 22-79% within a 3-fold and 41-89% were within 10- fold deviation of the in vivo observed data. However, for some compounds scarcity of in-vivo data and inconsistencies between published studies allowed only a limited goodness of fit evaluation. The generic avian PBK model was developed following a "best practice" workflow describing how to build a PBK model for novel species. The credibility and reproducibility of the avian PBK models were scored by evaluation according to the available guidance documents from WHO (2010), and OECD (2021), to increase applicability, confidence and acceptance of these in silico models in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | - Alicia Paini
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | | | - Colin G Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Audrey J Bone
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Bello A, Henri J, Viel A, Mochel JP, Poźniak B. Ionophore coccidiostats - disposition kinetics in laying hens and residues transfer to eggs. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102280. [PMID: 36410065 PMCID: PMC9676626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry production is linked with the use of veterinary medicinal products to manage diseases. Ionophore coccidiostats have been permitted for use as feed additives within the European Union (EU) for the prevention of coccidiosis in various species of poultry with except of laying hens. The presence of chemical residues in eggs is a matter of major concern for consumers' health. Despite such prohibition of use in laying hens, they were identified as the most common non-target poultry species being frequently exposed to these class of coccidiostats. Many factors can influence the presence of residues in eggs. Carryover of these class of coccidiostat feed additives in the feed of laying hens has been identified as the main reason of their occurrence in commercial poultry eggs. The physicochemical properties of individual compounds, the physiology of the laying hen, and the biology of egg formation are believed to govern the residue transfer rate and its distribution between the egg white and yolk compartments. This paper reviews the causes of occurrence of residues of ionophore coccidiostats in eggs within the EU with special emphasis on their disposition kinetics in laying hens, and residue transfer into eggs. Additional effort was made to highlight future modeling perspectives on the potential application of pharmacokinetic modeling in predicting drug residue transfer and its concentration in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland
| | - Jérôme Henri
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Paul Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Błażej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland,Corresponding author:
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A web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in broiler chickens and laying hens. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Residue depletion profiles and withdrawal interval estimations of meloxicam in eggs and ovarian follicles following intravenous (Meloxicam solution for injection) and oral (Meloxidyl®) administration in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 132:105170. [PMID: 35460801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed in an extralabel manner for treating chickens in urbanized settings. The objectives of this study were to determine meloxicam depletion profiles in eggs and ovarian follicles and to estimate associated withdrawal intervals (WDI) in laying hens following a single intravenous or repeated oral administration. The observed peak concentration of meloxicam in ovarian follicles were consistently higher than in egg yolk and egg white samples. Terminal half-lives were 31-h, 113-h and 12-h in ovarian follicles, egg yolk and egg white samples, respectively, for repeated oral administrations at 1 mg/kg for 20 doses at 12-h intervals. The terminal half-life following a single intravenous administration at 1 mg/kg was 50-h for ovarian follicles. Meloxicam WDI estimations using ovarian follicle and egg yolk concentration data following 20 doses at 12-h intervals were 36 and 12 days, respectively. Meloxicam WDI estimation using egg yolk concentration data following 8 doses at 24-h intervals was 12 days. These results improve our understanding on the residue depletion of meloxicam from chickens' reproductive tracts and egg products and provide WDIs to help ensure food safety for humans consuming eggs from treated laying hens.
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Enomoto H, Petritz OA, Thomson AE, Flammer K, Ferdous F, Meyer E, Tell LA, Baynes RE. Egg residue and depletion in Rhode Island Red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following multiple oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104941. [PMID: 33984411 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim residues in eggs can cause risks to human health. The most common cause of residues in eggs results from failure to meet an appropriate withdrawal interval. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and duration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim residues in eggs and evaluate the drug elimination parameters in egg components and whole egg to better estimate the withdrawal interval of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following oral administration for 7 days at a purposed dosage regimen (time average 46 mg kg-1 day-1 for sulfamethoxazole, time average 25 mg kg-1 day-1 for trimethoprim). Residues of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in albumen and yolk were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. A greater percentage of sulfamethoxazole was distributed into the albumen (91.53-96.74%) and a greater percentage of trimethoprim was distributed into yolk (63.92-77.36%) during treatment. The residues levels in whole egg declined below or reached the limit of quantification until 13 days for SMZ and TMP respectively. The withdrawal interval for SMZ and TMP were 43 days and 17 days respectively using the FDA tolerance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Enomoto
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Olivia A Petritz
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Petritz, Flammer, Thomson), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Andrea E Thomson
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Petritz, Flammer, Thomson), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keven Flammer
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Petritz, Flammer, Thomson), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Farha Ferdous
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Emma Meyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Wang Y, Li M, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:423-455. [PMID: 33289178 PMCID: PMC8359335 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are growing in popularity due to human food safety concerns and for estimating drug residue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals for veterinary products originating from livestock species. This paper focuses on the physiological and anatomical data, including cardiac output, organ weight, and blood flow values, needed for PBPK modeling applications for avian species commonly consumed in the poultry market. Experimental and field studies from 1940 to 2019 for broiler chickens (1-70 days old, 40 g - 3.2 kg), laying hens (4-15 months old, 1.1-2.0 kg), and turkeys (1 day-14 months old, 60 g -12.7 kg) were searched systematically using PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for data collection in 2019 and 2020. Relevant data were extracted from the literature with mean and standard deviation (SD) being calculated and compiled in tables of relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output). Trends of organ or tissue weight growth during different life stages were calculated when sufficient data were available. These compiled data sets facilitate future PBPK model development and applications, especially in estimating chemical residue concentrations in edible tissues to calculate food safety withdrawal intervals for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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Lautz LS, Nebbia C, Hoeks S, Oldenkamp R, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AMJ, Dorne JLCM. An open source physiologically based kinetic model for the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus): Calibration and validation for the prediction residues in tissues and eggs. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105488. [PMID: 31991240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotics from anthropogenic and natural origin enter animal feed and human food as regulated compounds, environmental contaminants or as part of components of the diet. After dietary exposure, a chemical is absorbed and distributed systematically to a range of organs and tissues, metabolised, and excreted. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models have been developed to estimate internal concentrations from external doses. In this study, a generic multi-compartment PBK model was developed for chicken. The PBK model was implemented for seven compounds (with log Kow range -1.37-6.2) to quantitatively link external dose and internal dose for risk assessment of chemicals. Global sensitivity analysis was performed for a hydrophilic and a lipophilic compound to identify the most sensitive parameters in the PBK model. Model predictions were compared to measured data according to dataset-specific exposure scenarios. Globally, 71% of the model predictions were within a 3-fold change of the measured data for chicken and only 7% of the PBK predictions were outside a 10-fold change. While most model input parameters still rely on in vivo experiments, in vitro data were also used as model input to predict internal concentration of the coccidiostat monensin. Future developments of generic PBK models in chicken and other species of relevance to animal health risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lautz
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - C Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Hoeks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Oldenkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A J Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, 6419 AT Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Lautz L, Oldenkamp R, Dorne J, Ragas A. Physiologically based kinetic models for farm animals: Critical review of published models and future perspectives for their use in chemical risk assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schefferlie GJ, Hekman P. Prediction of the residue levels of drugs in eggs, using physicochemical properties and their influence on passive diffusion processes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:381-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Schefferlie
- Veterinary Medicines Unit; Medicines Evaluation Board Agency; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - P. Hekman
- Veterinary Medicines Unit; Medicines Evaluation Board Agency; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Al-Shahrani S, Naidoo V. Florfenicol induces early embryonic death in eggs collected from treated hens. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:213. [PMID: 26282556 PMCID: PMC4538914 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Florfenicol, a commonly used veterinary antibiotic, was reported to have caused a severe drop in egg hatchability following its off-label use on a broiler breeder farm in South Africa. According to the pharmacovigilance report, hatchability dropped by 80 % for up to a week following a five day course at 10 mg/kg (both males and females treated metaphylactically) to manage an Escherichia coli infection. While mammalian toxicity studies indicate the potential for early embryonic death in utero or testicular damage, no literature is available on the avian toxicity of florfenicol. For this study we investigated the effects of florfenicol at various doses from 10 to 90 mg/kg on the egg hatchability in a breeder flock we kept and established under controlled conditions, with the same cockerels and hens being exposed in a phased manner. Results Following five days of oral exposure, no toxic signs were evident in any of the cockerels or hens treated at doses up to 90 mg/kg. Treatment of only the cockerels had no effect on egg hatchability, while treatment of only the hens at doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg resulted in decreased hatchability of 0 % in comparison to 70 % of the control as early 24 h after treatment. In all cases, decreased hatchability was associated with embryonic death at 5 days of development. The toxic effects of florfenicol were completely reversible with comparable hatchability being present by day 4 post-treatment withdrawal. Toxicity correlated with total egg florfenicol concentrations with an LC50 of 1.07 μg/g. Conclusion Florfenicol appears to be toxic to the developing chick embryo at around day 5 of incubation, in the absence of related toxicity in the hen or cockerel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Shahrani
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - V Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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Leavens TL, Tell LA, Kissell LW, Smith GW, Smith DJ, Wagner SA, Shelver WL, Wu H, Baynes RE, Riviere JE. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for flunixin in cattle (Bos taurus). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1506-21. [PMID: 25082521 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.938363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Frequent violation of flunixin residues in tissues from cattle has been attributed to non-compliance with the USFDA-approved route of administration and withdrawal time. However, the effect of administration route and physiological differences among animals on tissue depletion has not been determined. The objective of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict plasma, liver and milk concentrations of flunixin in cattle following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration for use as a tool to determine factors that may affect the withdrawal time. The PBPK model included blood flow-limited distribution in all tissues and elimination in the liver, kidney and milk. Regeneration of parent flunixin due to enterohepatic recirculation and hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites was incorporated in the liver compartment. Values for physiological parameters were obtained from the literature, and partition coefficients for all tissues but liver and kidney were derived empirically. Liver and kidney partition coefficients and elimination parameters were estimated for 14 pharmacokinetic studies (including five crossover studies) from the literature or government sources in which flunixin was administered i.v., i.m. or s.c. Model simulations compared well with data for the matrices following all routes of administration. Influential model parameters included those that may be age or disease-dependent, such as clearance and rate of milk production. Based on the model, route of administration would not affect the estimated days to reach the tolerance concentration (0.125 mg kg(-1)) in the liver of treated cattle. The majority of USDA-reported violative residues in liver were below the upper uncertainty predictions based on estimated parameters, which suggests the need to consider variability due to disease and age in establishing withdrawal intervals for drugs used in food animals. The model predicted that extravascular routes of administration prolonged flunixin concentrations in milk, which could result in violative milk residues in treated cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Leavens
- a Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology , College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
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Muñoz R, Cornejo J, Maddaleno A, Araya-Jordán C, Iragüen D, Pizarro N, San Martín B. Withdrawal times of oxytetracycline and tylosin in eggs of laying hens after oral administration. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1017-21. [PMID: 24853528 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials administered to laying hens may be distributed into egg white or yolk, indicating the importance of evaluating withdrawal times (WDTs) of the pharmaceutical formulations. In the present study, oxytetracycline and tylosin's WDTs were estimated. The concentration and depletion of these molecules in eggs were linked to their pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Twenty-seven Leghorn hens were used: 12 treated with oxytetracycline, 12 treated with tylosin, and 3 remained as an untreated control group. After completion of therapies, eggs were collected daily and drug concentrations in egg white and yolk were assessed. The yolk was used as the target tissue to evaluate the WDT; the results were 9 and 3 days for oxytetracycline and tylosin, respectively. In particular, oxytetracycline has a good oral bioavailability, a moderate apparent volume of distribution, a molecular weight of 460 g/mol, and is lightly liposoluble. Tylosin, a hydrosoluble compound, with a molecular weight of 916 g/mol, has a low oral bioavailability and a low apparent volume of distribution, too. Present results suggest that the WDTs of the studied antimicrobials are strongly influenced by their oral bioavailability, the distribution, and the molecular weight and solubility, and that these properties also influence the distribution between the egg yolk and white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Muñoz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Araya-Jordán
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Iragüen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Pizarro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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Vandenberge V, Delezie E, Huyghebaert G, Delahaut P, Pierret G, De Backer P, Croubels S, Daeseleire E. Transfer of the coccidiostats monensin and lasalocid from feed at cross-contamination levels to whole egg, egg white and egg yolk. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1881-92. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.719641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vandenberge V, Delezie E, Delahaut P, Pierret G, De Backer P, Daeseleire E, Croubels S. Transfer of flubendazole and tylosin at cross contamination levels in the feed to egg matrices and distribution between egg yolk and egg white. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1248-55. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vandenberge V, Delezie E, Huyghebaert G, Delahaut P, De Backer P, Daeseleire E, Croubels S. Residues of sulfadiazine and doxycycline in egg matrices due to cross-contamination in the feed of laying hens and the possible correlation with physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and physiological parameters. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:908-17. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.658583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Vandenberge
- a Technology and Food Science Unit , Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) , Melle , Belgium
| | - E. Delezie
- b Animal Sciences Unit , Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - G. Huyghebaert
- b Animal Sciences Unit , Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - P. Delahaut
- c Département Santé , Centre d’Economie Rurale , Marloie , Belgium
| | - P. De Backer
- d Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - E. Daeseleire
- a Technology and Food Science Unit , Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) , Melle , Belgium
| | - S. Croubels
- d Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
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