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Barbut S, Mitchell R, Hall P, Bacon C, Bailey R, Owens CM, Petracci M. Review: Myopathies in broilers: supply chain approach to provide solutions to challenges related to raising fast growing birds. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103801. [PMID: 38925081 PMCID: PMC11259736 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review is a summary of a Poultry Science Association symposium addressing myopathies in broilers' breast meat, focusing on the interactions between genetics, nutrition, husbandry, and meat processing. The Pectoralis major myopathies (woody breast [WB]; white striping [WS]; spaghetti meat [SM]) and Pectoralis minor ("feathering") are described, followed by discussing their prevalence, potential causes, current and future ways to mitigate, as well as detection methods (in live birds and meat) as well as ways to utilize affected meat. Overall, breast myopathies remain an important focus across the poultry industry and whilst a lot of data and knowledge has been gathered, it is clear that there is still a lot to understand. As there are multiple factors impacting the occurrence of breast myopathies, their reduction relies on a holistic approach. Ongoing balanced breeding strategies by poultry breeders is targeting the longer-term genetic component but comprehending the significant influence from nongenetic factors (short-term solutions such as nutrition) remains a key area of opportunity. Consequently, understanding the physiology and biological needs of the muscle through the life of the bird is critical to reduce the myopathies (e.g., minimizing oxidative stress) and gain more insight into their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | | | - Craig Bacon
- Simmons Prepared Foods, Siloam Springs, AR 72761, USA
| | | | - Casey M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Flees JJ, Keel AJ, Gregg CR, Starkey CW, Starkey JD. Effects of light intensity and reduction of starter diet digestible lysine and metabolizable energy on broiler chicken growth performance, breast meat yield, and meat quality defects. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103222. [PMID: 37980732 PMCID: PMC10685017 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Wooden Breast (WB) is unknown; therefore, it is difficult to produce broiler flocks with similar proportions of WB-affected and unaffected birds. Because WB has been detected as early as 15 d posthatch, the objective of this randomized complete block experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement was to determine whether combining the effects of light intensity (LI) and early nutrient reduction strategies could reliably produce WB-affected and normal broilers to further investigate the physiological mechanisms underlying WB. On day of hatch, male, Ross 708 × Yield Plus broilers (n = 384; 16 birds per pen; 3 replicate blocks) were randomly allotted to floor pens in the same facility and exposed to either 2 (LOWLI) or 30 (HIGHLI) lux of light from d 0 to 35. Birds were fed either a commercial starter diet (CON) or the CON diet with a 10% reduction in both ME and digestible lysine (dLys; RED) from d 0 to 14 and then a common grower diet from d 15 to 35. Broiler growth performance, breast yield, and incidence and severity of WB and White Striping (WS) were assessed. Data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA with SAS PROC GLIMMIX and means separated at P < 0.05 with PDIFF. No interaction among LI and diet was observed (P > 0.05). Broilers reared with HIGHLI were heavier on d 35 and consumed more feed in all phases compared with broilers reared under LOWLI (P ≤ 0.0096). Broilers reared under LOWLI gained less BW from d 15 to 35 and d 0 to 35 compared with broilers reared under HIGHLI (P = 0.0073). Broilers fed the RED starter diet consumed more feed and had higher FCR from d 0 to 14 compared with broilers fed the CON diet (P ≤ 0.0012). In conclusion, combining reductions in LI and starter diet ME and dLys did not produce the hypothesized reductions in breast yield and incidence and severity of WB or WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Flees
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - A Jacob Keel
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Caroline R Gregg
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Charles W Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jessica D Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Gratta F, Bošković Cabrol M, Xiccato G, Birolo M, Bordignon F, Trocino A. Effect of light restriction on productive results and behavior of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103084. [PMID: 37826901 PMCID: PMC10568561 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of light restriction (18L:6D vs. 14L:10D), genotype (A vs. B), and sex on performance, behavior, and meat quality, and the occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) in broiler chickens. To this purpose 704 one-day-old chickens of 2 genotypes, half males and half females, were reared from hatching until slaughtering at 45 d of age in 32 collective pens (22 chickens per pen). Light restriction reduced growth rate and final live weight (LW), but improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.01) and reduced inactive behaviors of chickens (P < 0.001). Light restriction also reduced WS occurrence in breasts (89.5 to 64.6%; P < 0.001) and reduced meat shear force (2.64 to 2.20 kg/g; P < 0.05) and ether extract content (2.29 to 1.87%; P < 0.05). Regarding genotype, compared to genotype B, chickens of genotype A were heavier (3,242 g vs. 3,124 g; P < 0.01) with higher cold carcass weight and Pectoralis major muscle yield (12.9 vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001) and a higher FCR (1.63 vs. 1.61; P < 0.01). Finally, females had lower final LW (2,852 g vs. 3,513 g) and higher FCR (1.64 vs. 1.59) than males (P < 0.001), but a higher proportion of breast and P. major (P < 0.001), lower cooking losses (P < 0.001) and shear force (P < 0.01), and higher protein content (21.6 vs. 20.7%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, light restriction depressed growth, but was effective in decreasing WS occurrence and improved feed conversion. The decrease in inactive behaviors (sitting/laying) of light-restricted chickens can be positively considered in view of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gratta
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Bošković Cabrol
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Bordignon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Qin J, Cheng Q, Cai Z, Zhang L, Xing T, Xu X, Gao F. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals circulating biomarkers related to wooden breast myopathy in broilers: a preliminary study. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102718. [PMID: 37141813 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approaches for the diagnosis of wooden breast (WB) myopathy in live birds are urgently required before applying intervention strategies to reduce occurrence and severity for the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to characterize the serum metabolic profiles in male broilers affected by WB and to identify biomarkers related to this myopathy. Broilers were categorized into normal (CON) and WB groups based on gross scoring and histological evaluation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, multivariate analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed a clear separation between CON and WB. A total of 73 significantly different (P < 0.05) metabolites with 17 upregulated and 56 downregulated were identified, which were mainly involved in pathways of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. By using the nested cross-validation function of random forest analysis, 9 significantly altered (P < 0.05) metabolites (cerotinic acid, arabitol, phosphoenolpyruvate, terephthalic acid, cis-gondoic acid, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, 4-hydroxymandelic acid, caffeine, and xanthurenic acid) were identified as biomarkers with an excellent discriminant performance for WB myopathy. Collectively, this study provides new insights for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and provides metabolites as biomarkers for diagnostic utilization of WB myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Castilho VAR, Komiyama CM, Burbarelli MFC, Fernandes AM, Garcia RG, Seno LO, Barbosa DK, Przybulinski BB, Serpa FC. Precision technologies for predictive diagnosis and study of the allometric growth of broiler chickens with breast myopathies. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:204-213. [PMID: 36169617 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2128989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. An experiment was carried out to validate techniques as predictive diagnostic tools for breast myopathies and to study the allometric growth of distinct parts of the body and meat quality of broilers.2. Infrared thermography was performed at 35 d of age. The surface temperatures of breasts of 300 birds were recorded, followed by ultrasound imaging.3. The birds were slaughtered and the cuts were made to weigh the body parts. Then, the breasts were evaluated as for the presence and severity of myopathies, from which nine treatments were established represented by the associated degrees of the myopathies white striping and wooden breast and breasts classified as normal.4. There was no difference in surface temperatures and echogenicity values between normal breasts and breasts affected by myopathies. At 35 d of age few fillets classified as normal were found.5. The breast showed late growth in relation to the body, regardless of characteristic lesions of myopathies. The most severe score of wooden breast affected meat quality variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A R Castilho
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - C M Komiyama
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - M F C Burbarelli
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - A M Fernandes
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - R G Garcia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - L O Seno
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - D K Barbosa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - B B Przybulinski
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - F C Serpa
- Faculty of Animal Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
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Santos TS, Alves INS, Dos Santos Araujo J, de Assis AS, Ribeiro Júnior V, Brito CO, Silva CM, Santos ADF, Barbosa LT, Zancanela VT, de Oliveira Júnior GM. In vivo determination of domestic quail (Coturnix japonica) muscle development by ultrasonography as a function of energy levels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2572. [PMID: 36781915 PMCID: PMC9925799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the growth and meat production and some meat quality characteristics of domestic quail (Coturnix japonica) as a function of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in the diet and to adjust predicting equations in ratio to area pectoralis major muscle of the carcass through the ultrasound. Two hundred and seventy mixed sex quail from 7 to 49 days old were distributed in three treatments (7 to 21 days old, diets with 2700; 2900 and 3100 kcal ME/kg; from 21 to 49 days, diets with 2900, 3050 and 3200 kcal of ME/kg), with five replications per treatment. Ultrasonography was performed at 21; 35 and 49 days of age in the pectoralis major muscle to determine prediction equations through multiple linear regression. Feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency (FE) were linearly influenced (P < 0.05) by energy levels in both phases evaluated. Regarding sensory analysis, there was no interference of ME levels on sensory attributes. The equation for predicting breast area was Y = 0.00271*ME + 0.25411*Age-9.58002, R2 = 74.25%. It is concluded that increasing the energy level of the feed from 2700 to 3100 kcal ME/kg reduces FI and improves the FE of quail. The increase in carcass fat from 35 days of age does not harm the physical and sensory characteristics of the meat. The ultrasonography in vivo of the M. pectoralis major, considering the age and energy level of the diet, made it possible to predict the pectoral muscle are a with higher reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thailine Santana Santos
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Isis Nayara Santana Alves
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Jucélia Dos Santos Araujo
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Ananda Santos de Assis
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Valdir Ribeiro Júnior
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Sertão, 49680-000, Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brasil
| | - Claudson Oliveira Brito
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Camilla Mendonça Silva
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Anselmo Domingos Ferreira Santos
- Depto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Leandro Teixeira Barbosa
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Vittor Tuzzi Zancanela
- Depto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus Sertão, 49680-000, Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brasil
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Ebeid TA, Tůmová E, Ketta M, Chodová D. Recent advances in the role of feed restriction in poultry productivity: part II- carcass characteristics, meat quality, muscle fibre properties, and breast meat myopathies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Eva Tůmová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ketta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Chodová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ebeid TA, Tůmová E, Al-Homidan IH, Ketta M, Chodová D. Recent advances in the role of feed restriction in poultry productivity: part I- performance, gut development, microbiota and immune response. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2097149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Eva Tůmová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ibrahim H. Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ketta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Chodová
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Broiler meat production as affected by dietary supplemental hydroxy-selenomethionine. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Castilho VARD, Komiyama CM, Burbarelli MFC, Fernandes ARM, Garcia RG, Barbosa DK, Przybulinski BB, Serpa FC, Valentim JK, Leonardo RL. Techniques for in vivo assessment of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts using a biopsy as a support tool. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:477-489. [PMID: 34463592 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1970107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to validate non-invasive evaluation techniques as in vivo evaluation tools for the myopathies wooden breast and white striping that affect broilers, using biopsy as a support tool. It evaluated 30 Cobb 500® broiler chickens in a completely randomized design consisting of two sexes (males and females) and 15 replications per treatment. At 14, 21, 35, 42 and 49 days, the surface temperature of the birds' breasts was recorded using infrared thermography, analysis of fillet depth, and echogenicity by ultrasound imaging. All broiler chickens were sent for biopsy at 21, 35 and 42 days to collect a fragment of the pectoral muscle for descriptive morphological analyses of histological lesions and muscle fibre morphometry. Males had higher echogenicity values at 14, 21 and 42 days. There was no influence of bird sex on the occurrence of the wooden breast and white striping myopathies at 49 days of age in broilers selected and submitted to the biopsy protocol. There was a general trend of decreasing surface temperature for both sexes according to their age. Muscles with less area occupied with fibres had a lower surface temperature. It was concluded that ultrasonography with a 3.5 MHz transducer detects muscle changes after 28 days of age, which is consistent with the myopathic lesions studied. Infrared thermography is a potential method for detecting changes in breast temperature indicating myopathic lesions. A biopsy can be used as an auxiliary tool in the study of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Detection of changes in the breast muscle after 28 days of age with ultrasonography.Changes in the surface temperature range of pectoral muscle with infrared thermography.Use of biopsy as a tool for early diagnostic evaluation in broiler myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Marie Komiyama
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Deivid Kelly Barbosa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Cardoso Serpa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Jean Kaique Valentim
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
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Kong F, Zhao G, He Z, Sun J, Wang X, Liu D, Zhu D, Liu R, Wen J. Serum Creatine Kinase as a Biomarker to Predict Wooden Breast in vivo for Chicken Breeding. Front Physiol 2021; 12:711711. [PMID: 34434119 PMCID: PMC8381648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.711711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to find a blood marker for the prediction of wooden breast (WB) in live broiler to assist the genetic selection of fast-growing chickens. The experiments were carried out with two chicken flocks: 250 male broilers in flock 1 and 100 male and female broilers in flock 2. Both flocks were slaughtered and measured. The breast filets were assessed by combining subjective scoring and compression force at 28 (flock 1 only) and 42 days of age. The enzyme activity in serum and breast tissue (flock 1 only) of normal and affected groups was tested. The results showed that the compression force was significantly different between the normal and affected groups at 28 and 42 days of age (P < 0.001), and it increased significantly with rising WB and WS scores. The serum creatine kinase (CK) value increased significantly with rising compression force at 42 days of age (P < 0.001). The serum CK positively correlated with compression force (r = 0.608; P < 0.001) and the linear regression equation (serum CK = 0.9960∗compression force + 1.884) was established for the line studied. The association between serum CK and compression force is consistent between flocks 1 and 2. In conclusion, our study confirmed that compression force could be the quantitative indicator to differentiate breast filets and found that serum CK could be a candidate biomarker to predict WB in live broilers and assist genetic selection in broiler breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Kong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiao He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xicai Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Foshan Gaoming Xinguang Agricultural and Animal Industrials Corporation, Foshan, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Foshan Gaoming Xinguang Agricultural and Animal Industrials Corporation, Foshan, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Vieira SL, Simões CT, Kindlein L, Ferreira TZ, Soster P, Stefanello C. Progressive in vivo detection of wooden breast in broilers as affected by dietary energy and protein. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101120. [PMID: 33945893 PMCID: PMC8111248 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) myopathy was investigated in broilers fed varying energy and protein at early ages. Correlation analyses were conducted between echogenicity of ultrasound images (US) of breast muscle from live birds and WB after slaughter. A total of 1,000 Cobb 500 one-day-old male chicks were fed on five dietary programs with eight replicates of 25 birds each, in a completely randomized design. Control feeds (commercially used ME and ideally balanced amino acids) or low-density feeds (low EP, with reductions of 50 kcal/kg ME and 0.20% dig. Lys compared to the control) were formulated. Feeds were provided in different periods: 1 to 7 d, 8 to 14 d, 15 to 21 d or 22 to 28 d. All broilers were fed a common basal diet thereafter until 49 d. Images using US were obtained once a week from all individuals and WB scored from one slaughtered bird per replication (0, normal; 1, mild hardening in the upper breast muscle; 2; moderate hardening in the upper and/or lower breast muscle; 3, severe hardening; 4, severe hardening with hemorrhagic lesions and yellow fluid). Blood was collected for enzyme investigation from the weekly slaughtered bird. Broilers had lower BWG and higher FCR when fed low EP feeds, regardless of the period fed when compared to the control (P < 0.001). Growth compensation, however, occurred afterwards such that all birds presented similar performance at the end. At 14, 21, and 28 d, broilers previously fed low EP feeds had lower WB scores (P < 0.001) compared to birds fed the control; however, both groups presented increased WB scores after 28 d. Wooden breast was positively correlated with breast echogenicity at 21 d (r = 0.31), 28 d (r = 0.43), 35 d (r = 0.21) and 42 d (r = 0.39). In conclusion, dietary energy and protein affected the development of WB scores in broilers and breast US images can be used as an early predictor of WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - C T Simões
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L Kindlein
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Z Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - P Soster
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Stefanello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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