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Johnson MG, Olszyk D, Bollman M, Storm MJ, Coulombe RA, Nash M, Manning V, Trippe K, Watts D, Novak J. Amendments promote Douglas-fir survival on Formosa Mine tailings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024. [PMID: 39072835 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
While mining provides valuable metals and minerals to meet societal demands, it can cause environmental contamination from the residuals (i.e., tailings) of mining. Tailings are often acidic, laden with heavy metals, and lacking adequate nutrients and physical conditions for plant growth, precluding the establishment of plant cover to reduce the offsite movement of mining wastes. This paper describes a case study at the Formosa Mine in Douglas County, Oregon, where tailings were amended with a mixture of lime, biosolids, biochar, and microbial inoculum to facilitate establishment of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco) seedlings. Results show that the tailings pH increased, and Douglas-fir seedlings survived and grew with these amendments. After 2 years, pH did, however, decrease in some downslope locations and was associated with an increase in tree mortality. This suggests that tailings conditions should be monitored, and amendments should be reapplied as needed, particularly in areas receiving acidic runoff from unamended upslope tailings, until the seedlings are fully established. This study not only provides a prescription for the addition of biochar and other amendments to enhance plant growth for revegetation purposes in low-pH, metal-contaminated mine tailings, but it also demonstrates a method that can be used to address similar problems at other mine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Johnson
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - David Olszyk
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Bollman
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Maliha Nash
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Viola Manning
- USDA-ARS, Forage Seed and Cereal Research, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristin Trippe
- USDA-ARS, Forage Seed and Cereal Research, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Donald Watts
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey Novak
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, South Carolina, USA
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Johnson MG, Olszyk DM, Shiroyama T, Bollman MA, Nash MS, Manning VA, Trippe KM, Watts DW, Novak JM. Designing amendments to improve plant performance for mine tailings revegetation. AGROSYSTEMS, GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 6:1-18. [PMID: 38268614 PMCID: PMC10805240 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To provide recommendations for establishment of plants on low-pH Formosa Mine tailings, two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of remedial amendments to improve the survival and growth of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. A preliminary experiment indicated that 1% lime (by weight) raised tailings pH, permitting seedling survival. However, high rates of biosolid application (BS; 2% by weight) added to supply nutrients were phytotoxic when added with lime. A gasified conifer biochar (BC) added to tailings at 1%, 2.5%, or 5% (by weight), along with lime and BS, caused an additional increase in pH, decreased electrical conductivity (EC), and tended to increase the survival of Douglas fir. The addition of a locally sourced microbial inoculum (LSM) did not affect survival. A subsequent experiment expanded our experimental design by testing multiple levels of amendments that included lime (0.5% and 1% by weight), three application rates (0.2%, 0.5%, and 2%) of two nutrient sources (BS or mineral fertilizer), BC (0% and 2.5%), and with or without LSM. There were many interactions among amendments. In general, Douglas fir survival was enhanced when lime and BC were added. These experiments suggest that amending with lime, a nutrient source, and BC would enhance revegetation on low-pH, metal-contaminated mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Johnson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - David M. Olszyk
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Tamotsu Shiroyama
- National Asian Pacific Center on Aging, Senior Environmental Employment Program, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael A. Bollman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Maliha S. Nash
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Viola A. Manning
- USDA ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristin M. Trippe
- USDA ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Donald W. Watts
- USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Conservation Research, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Novak
- USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Conservation Research, Florence, South Carolina, USA
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Tan X, Zhang C, Wei H, Shi P, Chang H, Ho SH. Versatile strategy of sulfanilamide antibiotics removal via microalgal biochar: Role of oxygen-enriched functional groups. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135244. [PMID: 35679980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) adsorption has been widely acknowledged as an efficient approach for the removal of antibiotics. Despite the importance of oxygen-containing functional groups for the antibiotics removal, most of these may be obtained in BC only relying on the addition of oxidants. Herein, an environmentally friendly and oxygen-enriched functional groups adsorbent, namely Chlamydomonas BC (CBC), was fabricated via simple pyrolysis process. Then, the H-bonding, electron donor-acceptor and electrostatic attraction were identified as the main mechanisms regarding sulfathiazole (STZ) adsorption (506.38 mg/g). The carbon-oxygen functional groups on the surface of CBC (61%), especially -COOH and -OH, acted as a pivotal component. Additionally, further theoretical calculation led to the observation that STZ exhibited the highest chemical reactivity (η = 0.04), strong electron exchange capacity (μ = -0.16), remarkable electron accepting capacity (ω = 0.28) and excellent electron transfer efficiency (EHOMO-ELUMO gap = 0.29) under the influence of thiazolyl. The electrophilic sulfonamide group and the nucleophilic thiazole were identified as the main active sites of STZ. In summary, the results of this research provide a guiding role for the preparation of adsorbents driven by the structural characteristics of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Huangzhao Wei
- Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Peng Shi
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, PR China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Benefits and Limitations of Using Hydrochars from Organic Residues as Replacement for Peat on Growing Media. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New technologies for the production of peat-substitutes are required to meet the rising demand for growing media in horticulture and the need to preserve natural peatlands. Hydrothermal conversion of organic residues into char materials, hydrochars, with peat-like properties may produce such substitutes, reducing environmental impacts and CO2 emissions from improper management. To assess their potential as a component in growing media, cress seed germination tests are used to assess hydrochars from digestate (D), spent coffee grounds (SCG), and grape marc (GM). Pre- and post-treatments (extraction, washing, and drying) are applied to remove phytotoxic compounds associated with process waters retained on the hydrochars, and a nitrification bioassay with process water is used to predict their toxicity. All hydrochars achieve similar or better germination results compared to their feedstock, showing a potential to replace at least 5% of peat in growing media. SCG and GM hydrochars show inhibition above 5%, while all post-treated D-hydrochar mixtures produce >3 times longer roots than the control. The nitrification test shows a high sensitivity and good agreement with the high inhibition trends found in the germination tests with process water. Such tests can be a good way to optimize process combinations for the hydrothermal production of peat replacements.
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Raj A, Yadav A, Arya S, Sirohi R, Kumar S, Rawat AP, Thakur RS, Patel DK, Bahadur L, Pandey A. Preparation, characterization and agri applications of biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge at different temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148722. [PMID: 34247088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is an abundantly available feedstock, which is generally considered as potential threat to human health and environment. Its utilization in any process would be of great help for environmental sustainability. Accordingly, this work aimed to prepare and characterize the sewage sludge biochar (SSB) at temperatures, i.e. (500, 450, 400, and 350 °C), and further analyze the available nutrients and contaminants as well as agri application potential. The results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), and total organic carbon (TOC) content in SSBs decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The overall concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in SSBs was substantially lower (1.8-9.7-fold depending on pyrolysis temperature) than in SS. Pyrolysis of SS enriched the heavy metals content in SSBs and the relative enrichment factor (RE) factor varied between 1.1 and 2.1 depending on the pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, compared to SS, the leaching rate of heavy metals was significantly decreased in SSBs (1.1-100-fold depending on the pyrolysis temperature) and the pyrolysis temperature of 400-450 °C prevented the Ni, Pb, Cr, and Zn leaching in SSB. The total PAH and heavy metals content in biochars were below the control standard for land application. Finally, testing of the growth-promoting effect of biochar extracts on fenugreek plants revealed that SSB prepared at 350 °C significantly stimulated the root and shoot length of 5-days old seedlings. This study provides important data for potential environmental risks of SSB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashutosh Yadav
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Arya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Waste Reprocessing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhay Prakash Rawat
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lal Bahadur
- Soil Science Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chaves Fernandes BC, Ferreira Mendes K, Dias Júnior AF, da Silva Caldeira VP, da Silva Teófilo TM, Severo Silva T, Mendonça V, de Freitas Souza M, Valadão Silva D. Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Properties of Eucalyptus Wood-Derived Biochar. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245841. [PMID: 33371527 PMCID: PMC7767541 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis conditions directly influence biochar properties and, consequently, influence the potential use of biochar. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 °C) on the hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, ash content, yield, volatile matter content, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, X-ray diffraction results, scanning electron microscopy results, specific surface area, and micropore volume of eucalyptus wood-derived biochar. The degree of linear association between pyrolysis temperatures and biochar properties was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a positive correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the hydrogen potential value, electrical conductivity, and elemental carbon. There was a negative correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the yield, volatile matter content, elemental oxygen, elemental hydrogen, surface area, aromaticity, hydrophilicity, and polarity indexes. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated an increase in aromaticity and a decrease in the polarity of high-temperature biochar. The increased pyrolysis temperature caused the loss of cellulose and crystalline mineral components, as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. These results indicated that changing the pyrolysis temperature enables the production of biochar from the same raw material with a wide range of physicochemical properties, which allows its use in various types of agricultural and environmental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)-988129400
| | - Kassio Ferreira Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil;
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Tatiane Severo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Vander Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Daniel Valadão Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
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Olszyk D, Shiroyama T, Novak J, Cantrell K, Sigua G, Watts D, Johnson MG. Biochar affects growth and shoot nitrogen in four crops for two soils. AGROSYSTEMS, GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 3:1-22. [PMID: 35875186 PMCID: PMC9301614 DOI: 10.1002/agg2.20067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To address the need for information on biochar effects on crop growth and nitrogen (N), a greenhouse study was conducted with carrot, lettuce, soybean, and sweet corn using sandy loam (Coxville series) and loamy sand (Norfolk series) soils and a variety of biochars. Biochar was produced from pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), switchgrass (SG), and two blends of PC plus PL (50/50% [55] and 80/20% [82], wt/wt), with each feedstock pyrolyzed at 350, 500, or 700 °C. The results confirmed that biochar can increase crop growth; however, the responses varied with crop, soil, and feedstock and to a lesser extent with pyrolysis temperature. In general, lettuce had large increases in shoot and root dry weights vs. no-biochar controls with many biochars, primarily the SS and 55 blend and to a lesser extent with 82 followed by PL, and then PC and SG, especially when grown in the Coxville soil. Biochar had more limited effects on carrot, sweet corn, and soybean weights. Some biochars decreased crop growth (e.g., PL at 700 °C) for soybean shoot and pod dry weights with the Norfolk soil. Shoot N concentrations decreased with SS, 55, and 82 for carrot, lettuce, and sweet corn with the Norfolk soil but tended to increase for soybean. Shoot N uptake increased or decreased depending on biochar feedstock and temperature, crop, and soil. These results confirm that biochar can increase crop growth and affect shoot N, which is essential for crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olszyk
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, USEPA, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Tamotsu Shiroyama
- Senior Environmental Employment Program, National Asian Pacific Center, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Jeffrey Novak
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Keri Cantrell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Gilbert Sigua
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Donald Watts
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, USEPA, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Tan X, Zhu S, Show PL, Qi H, Ho SH. Sorption of ionized dyes on high-salinity microalgal residue derived biochar: Electron acceptor-donor and metal-organic bridging mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122435. [PMID: 32151933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has attracted much attention owing to its superior sorption capacity towards ionized organic contaminants. However, the mechanism of ionized organics sorption occurring within BC containing large amounts of minerals is still controversial. In this study, we demonstrate the physicochemical structure of high-salinity microalgal residue derived biochar (HSBC) and elucidate the corresponding sorption mechanisms for four ionized dyes along with determining the crucial role of involved minerals. The results indicate that sodium and calcium minerals mainly exist within HSBCs, and the pyrolysis temperature can dramatically regulate the phases and interfacial property of both carbon matrix and minerals. As a result, the HSBC shows a higher sorption potential, benefiting from abundant functional groups and high content of inorganic minerals. Using theoretical calculations, the activities of electron donor-acceptor interaction between HSBCs and different dyes are clearly illustrated, thereby identifying the critical role of Ca2+ in enhancing the removal of ionized dyes in HSBCs. In addition, Ca-containing minerals facilitate the sorption of ionized dyes in HSBCs by forming ternary complexes through metal-bridging mechanism. These results of mineral-induced dye sorption mechanisms help to better understand the sorption of ionized organics in high-salt containing BC and provide a new disposal strategy for hazardous microalgal residue, as well as provide a breakthrough in making the remediation of ionized organic contaminated microalgal residue derived absorbent feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116620, PR China
| | - Shishu Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haiqun Qi
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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9
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Olszyk DM, Shiroyama T, Novak JM, Cantrell KB, Sigua G, Watts DW, Johnson MG. Biochar Affects Essential Nutrients of Carrot Taproots and Lettuce Leaves. HORTSCIENCE : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 2020; 55:261-271. [PMID: 32296248 PMCID: PMC7157969 DOI: 10.21273/hortsci14421-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Essential nutrient concentrations in crops can affect human health. While biochar has the potential as a soil amendment to improve crop yields, it may also affect the concentrations of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in edible portions of crops. To better characterize effects of biochar on important human nutrients in food crops, we evaluated the effects of biochar on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black-Seeded Simpson) leaf and carrot [Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. cv. Tendersweet] developing taproot nutrients. Plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse using sandy loam (Coxville, fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults) and loamy sand (Norfolk, fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults,) series soils, amended with biochar produced from four feedstocks: pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), and switchgrass (SG); and two blends of PC plus PL [Pc/PL, 50%/50% (55) and 80%/20% (82) by weight]. Biochar was produced at 350, 500, and 700 °C from each feedstock. Lettuce leaf and carrot taproot total nutrient concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma analysis. Biochar (especially at least in part manure-based, i.e., PL, SS, 55, and 82 at nearly all temperatures) primarily decreased nutrient concentrations in lettuce leaves, with Ca, Mg, and Zn affected most. Carrot taproot nutrient concentrations also deceased, but to a lesser extent. Some biochars increased leaf or taproot nutrient concentrations, especially K. This study indicated that biochar can both decrease and increase leaf and taproot nutrient concentrations important for human health. Thus, potential effects on nutrients in plants should be carefully considered when biochar is used as a soil amendment with vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Olszyk
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Tamotsu Shiroyama
- Senior Environmental Employment Program, National Asian Pacific Center, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Jeffrey M Novak
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
| | - Keri B Cantrell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
| | - Gilbert Sigua
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
| | - Donald W Watts
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
| | - Mark G Johnson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
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10
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Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.
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