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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Hao Y, Xu S. Different neural mechanisms for nonsalient trained stimuli and physically salient stimuli in visual processing. Psych J 2024; 13:227-241. [PMID: 38151802 PMCID: PMC10990809 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that nonsalient trained stimuli could capture attention and would be actively suppressed when served as distractors. However, it was unclear whether nonsalient trained stimuli and physically salient stimuli operate through the same attentional neural mechanism. In the current study, we investigated this question by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) of searching for the two stimuli separately after matching the difficulty. The present results provided additional evidence for the function of the suppression in that it may terminate a shift of attention. For the N1 component, the nonsalient trained stimuli had a shorter latency and larger amplitude than the physically salient stimuli whether presented as targets or distractors. It indicated that the nonsalient trained stimuli had an earlier sensory processing and greater visual attention orienting. The N2 posterior-contralateral (N2pc) amplitude of the physically salient target was larger than the nonsalient trained target. This suggested that physically salient stimuli had a stronger ability to capture attention. However, when they presented as distractors, only the nonsalient trained stimuli could elicit the PD component. Therefore, active suppression of the physically salient stimuli was more difficult than the nonsalient trained stimulus with the same difficulty. For the P3 component, the amplitude of the physically salient stimuli was larger than that of the nonsalient trained stimuli, both as targets and distractors, which indicated that the top-down controlled process of outcome evaluation for the salient triangle was stronger. Overall, these results suggested that they were processed via different neural mechanisms in the early sensory processing, attentional selection, active suppression, and the outcome-evaluation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Wang
- School of Education and PsychologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Education and PsychologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouChina
- Institute of Applied PsychologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouChina
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition and PersonalityZhangzhouChina
| | - Yuxiang Hao
- School of Education and PsychologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouChina
| | - Shuangxing Xu
- School of Education and PsychologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouChina
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The Effect of Landmarks With Their Color on Learning Basketball Lay-Up in Beginners. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of landmarks on learning basketball lay-up in beginners. Twenty-seven females (age = 20.30 ± 0.24 years, height = 164.37 ± 0.53 cm) participated in this study. They were assigned to three groups: no landmark group, colored landmark group, and black and white landmark group. All participants performed basketball lay-up for six sessions. The colored group and black and white group trained with the landmarks on the ground while the no landmark group trained without any landmarks based on a trainer instruction. Posttest was performed at the end of the last session of training and also in the retention test following 72 hr. All trials were assessed through 5-point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). The results showed that using landmarks significantly changed the lay-up pattern; however, these changes were not significant for color and lay-up shot accuracy.
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Huegli D, Merks S, Schwaninger A. Automation reliability, human-machine system performance, and operator compliance: A study with airport security screeners supported by automated explosives detection systems for cabin baggage screening. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 86:103094. [PMID: 32342885 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a simulated X-ray screening task, we tested 122 airport security screeners working with the support of explosives detection systems for cabin baggage screening (EDSCB) as low-level automation. EDSCB varied systematically on three automation reliability measures: accuracy, d', and positive predictive value (PPV). Results showed that when unaided performance was high, operator confidence was high, and automation provided only small benefits. When unaided performance was lower, operator confidence was lower, and automation with higher d' provided large benefits. Operator compliance depended on the PPV of automation: We found lower compliance for lower PPV. Automation with a high false alarm rate of 20% and a low PPV of .3 resulted in operators ignoring about one-half of the true automation alarms on difficult targets-a strong cry-wolf effect. Our results suggest that automation reliability described by d' and PPV is more valid than using accuracy alone. When the PPV is below .5, operators should receive clear instructions on how to respond to automation alarms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huegli
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Merks
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Schwaninger
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
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Thirkettle M, Thyoka M, Gopalan P, Fernandes N, Stafford T, Offiah AC. Internet-based measurement of visual assessment skill of trainee radiologists: developing a sensitive tool. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180958. [DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thirkettle
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mandela Thyoka
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Gopalan
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nadiah Fernandes
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Hättenschwiler N, Mendes M, Schwaninger A. Detecting Bombs in X-Ray Images of Hold Baggage: 2D Versus 3D Imaging. HUMAN FACTORS 2019; 61:305-321. [PMID: 30247937 PMCID: PMC6343424 DOI: 10.1177/0018720818799215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the visual inspection performance of airport security officers (screeners) when screening hold baggage with state-of-the-art 3D versus older 2D imaging. BACKGROUND 3D imaging based on computer tomography features better automated detection of explosives and higher baggage throughput than older 2D X-ray imaging technology. Nonetheless, some countries and airports hesitate to implement 3D systems due to their lower image quality and the concern that screeners will need extensive and specific training before they can be allowed to work with 3D imaging. METHOD Screeners working with 2D imaging (2D screeners) and screeners working with 3D imaging (3D screeners) conducted a simulated hold baggage screening task with both types of imaging. Differences in image quality of the imaging systems were assessed with the standard procedure for 2D imaging. RESULTS Despite lower image quality, screeners' detection performance with 3D imaging was similar to that with 2D imaging. 3D screeners revealed higher detection performance with both types of imaging than 2D screeners. CONCLUSION Features of 3D imaging systems (3D image rotation and slicing) seem to compensate for lower image quality. Visual inspection competency acquired with one type of imaging seems to transfer to visual inspection with the other type of imaging. APPLICATION Replacing older 2D with newer 3D imaging systems can be recommended. 2D screeners do not need extensive and specific training to achieve comparable detection performance with 3D imaging. Current image quality standards for 2D imaging need revision before they can be applied to 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hättenschwiler
- Nicole Hättenschwiler, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600 Olten, Switzerland; e-mail:
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Chavaillaz A, Schwaninger A, Michel S, Sauer J. Expertise, Automation and Trust in X-Ray Screening of Cabin Baggage. Front Psychol 2019; 10:256. [PMID: 30837917 PMCID: PMC6382685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray screening of passenger baggage is a key component in aviation security. The current study investigated how experts and novices performed in an X-ray baggage screening task while being assisted by an adaptable diagnostic aid. Furthermore, it examined how both groups operated and trusted this automated system. 30 experts (certified screeners) and 31 novices (students) had to indicate whether a target item (either a knife or a gun) was present in a series of X-ray images of cabin baggage. Half of the participants could choose between three different support levels of the diagnostic aid (DA): (1) no support, (2) a cue indicating the presence of a potential target without locating it, or (3) a cue indicating the presence of a potential target by surrounding it with a red frame. As expected, experts achieved higher detection performance (d'), were more self-confident and felt more competent in achieving the task than novices. Furthermore, experts experienced less time pressure and fatigue. Although both groups used the DA in a comparable way (in terms of support level used and frequency of level switches), results showed a performance increase for novices working with the DA compared to novices without support. This benefit of DA was not observed for experts. Interestingly, despite no difference in perceived trust ratings, experts were more compliant (i.e., following DA recommendations when it indicated the presence of a target) and reliant (i.e., following DA recommendations when it indicated the absence of a target) than novices. Altogether, the results of the present study suggested that novices benefited more from a DA than experts. Furthermore, compliance and reliance on DA seemed to depend on expertise with the task. Since experts should be better at assessing the reliability of the DA than novices, they may have used the DA as 'back-up' to confirm their decisions based on expertise (confirmatory function), while novices may have used it as a guide to base their decisions on (support function). Finally, trust towards a DA was associated with the degree to which participants found the DA useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chavaillaz
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Schwaninger
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Michel
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Sauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Walker, Cousineau. Into the Mind's Eye: Exploring the Fast-Same Effect in the Same-Different Task. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.132.4.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hättenschwiler N, Sterchi Y, Mendes M, Schwaninger A. Automation in airport security X-ray screening of cabin baggage: Examining benefits and possible implementations of automated explosives detection. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2018; 72:58-68. [PMID: 29885728 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bomb attacks on civil aviation make detecting improvised explosive devices and explosive material in passenger baggage a major concern. In the last few years, explosive detection systems for cabin baggage screening (EDSCB) have become available. Although used by a number of airports, most countries have not yet implemented these systems on a wide scale. We investigated the benefits of EDSCB with two different levels of automation currently being discussed by regulators and airport operators: automation as a diagnostic aid with an on-screen alarm resolution by the airport security officer (screener) or EDSCB with an automated decision by the machine. The two experiments reported here tested and compared both scenarios and a condition without automation as baseline. Participants were screeners at two international airports who differed in both years of work experience and familiarity with automation aids. Results showed that experienced screeners were good at detecting improvised explosive devices even without EDSCB. EDSCB increased only their detection of bare explosives. In contrast, screeners with less experience (tenure < 1 year) benefitted substantially from EDSCB in detecting both improvised explosive devices and bare explosives. A comparison of all three conditions showed that automated decision provided better human-machine detection performance than on-screen alarm resolution and no automation. This came at the cost of slightly higher false alarm rates on the human-machine system level, which would still be acceptable from an operational point of view. Results indicate that a wide-scale implementation of EDSCB would increase the detection of explosives in passenger bags and automated decision instead of automation as diagnostic aid with on screen alarm resolution should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hättenschwiler
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern, Switzerland.
| | - Yanik Sterchi
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern, Switzerland
| | - Marcia Mendes
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Schwaninger
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern, Switzerland
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Sun X, Chong HY, Liao PC. Efficiency improvement by navigated safety inspection involving visual clutter based on the random search model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2018; 26:740-752. [PMID: 29939109 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1486528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Navigated inspection seeks to improve hazard identification (HI) accuracy. With a tight inspection schedule, HI also requires efficiency. However, lacking quantification of HI efficiency, navigated inspection strategies cannot be comprehensively assessed. This work aims to determine inspection efficiency in navigated safety inspection, controlling for HI accuracy. Based on a cognitive method of the random search model (RSM), an experiment was conducted to observe the HI efficiency in navigation, for a variety of visual clutter (VC) scenarios, while using eye-tracking devices to record the search process and analyze the search performance. The results show that the RSM is an appropriate instrument, and VC serves as a hazard classifier for navigation inspection in improving inspection efficiency. This suggests a new and effective solution for addressing the low accuracy and efficiency of manual inspection through navigated inspection involving VC and the RSM. It also provides insights into the inspectors' safety inspection ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Sun
- Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Heap-Yih Chong
- School of Built Environment, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Pin-Chao Liao
- Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, China
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Szalma JL, Daly TN, Teo GWL, Hancock GM, Hancock PA. Training for vigilance on the move: a video game-based paradigm for sustained attention. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:482-505. [PMID: 29125389 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1397199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity for superior vigilance can be trained by using knowledge of results (KR). Our present experiments demonstrate the efficacy of such training using a first-person perspective movement videogame-based platform in samples of students and Soldiers. Effectiveness was assessed by manipulating KR during a training phase and withdrawing it in a subsequent transfer phase. Relative to a no KR control condition, KR systematically improved performance for both Soldiers and students. These results build upon our previous findings that demonstrated that a video game-based platform can be used to create a movement-centred sustained attention task with important elements of traditional vigilance. The results indicate that KR effects in sustained attention extend to a first person perspective movement based paradigm, and that these effects occur in professional military as well as a more general population. Such sustained attention training can save lives and the present findings demonstrate one particular avenue to achieve this goal. Practitioner Summary: Sustained attention can be trained by means of knowledge of results using a videogame-based platform with samples of students and Soldiers. Four experiments demonstrate that a dynamic, first-person perspective video game environment can serve to support effective sustained attention training in professional military as well as a more general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Szalma
- a Performance Research Laboratory, Psychology Department , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - T N Daly
- b University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - G W L Teo
- b University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - G M Hancock
- b University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - P A Hancock
- b University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
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Wilson AT, Dey S, Evans JW, Najm M, Qiu W, Menon BK. Minds treating brains: understanding the interpretation of non-contrast CT ASPECTS in acute ischemic stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:143-153. [PMID: 29265903 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1421069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on non-contrast CT is a key component of prognostication and treatment selection in acute stroke care. Previous findings show that the reliability of this scale must be improved to maximize its clinical utility. Areas covered: This review discusses technical, patient-level, and reader-level sources of variability in ASPECTS reading; relevant concepts in the psychology of medical image perception; and potential interventions likely to improve inter- and intra-rater reliability. Expert commentary: Approaching variability in medical decision making from a psychological perspective will afford cognitively informed insights into the development of interventions and training techniques aimed at improving this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis T Wilson
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Sadanand Dey
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - James W Evans
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Mohamed Najm
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Wu Qiu
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Department of Radiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Department of Community Health Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
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Guznov S, Matthews G, Warm JS, Pfahler M. Training Techniques for Visual Search in Complex Task Environments. HUMAN FACTORS 2017; 59:1139-1152. [PMID: 28609643 DOI: 10.1177/0018720817712307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal for this study was to evaluate several visual search training techniques in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) simulated task environment. BACKGROUND Operators controlling remote unmanned vehicles often must perform complex visual search tasks (e.g., target search). These tasks may pose substantial demands on the operator due to various environmental factors. Visual search training may reduce errors and mitigate stress, but the most effective form of training has not been determined. METHODS Participants were assigned to one of four training conditions: target, cue, visual scanning, or control. After the training, the effectiveness of the training techniques was tested during a 30-minute simulated UAV flight. A secondary task manipulation was included to further simulate the demands of a realistic UAV control and target search task. Subjective stress and fatigue were also assessed. RESULTS Target training produced superior target search performances in more hits and fewer false alarms (FAs) when compared to the control condition. The visual scanning and cue trainings were moderately effective. Only target training performance was vulnerable to the secondary task load. The task was stressful, but training did not mitigate stress response. CONCLUSION Training participants on the target and the cue appearance as well as active scanning of the visual field is promising for promoting effective target search for this simulated UAV environment. APPLICATION These training techniques could be used in preparation for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions that involve target search, especially where target appearance change is likely.
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Liao PC, Sun X, Liu M, Shih YN. Influence of visual clutter on the effect of navigated safety inspection: a case study on elevator installation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2017; 25:495-509. [PMID: 29041836 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1389464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Navigated safety inspection based on task-specific checklists can increase the hazard detection rate, theoretically with interference from scene complexity. Visual clutter, a proxy of scene complexity, can theoretically impair visual search performance, but its impact on the effect of safety inspection performance remains to be explored for the optimization of navigated inspection. This research aims to explore whether the relationship between working memory and hazard detection rate is moderated by visual clutter. Methods. Based on a perceptive model of hazard detection, we: (a) developed a mathematical influence model for construction hazard detection; (b) designed an experiment to observe the performance of hazard detection rate with adjusted working memory under different levels of visual clutter, while using an eye-tracking device to observe participants' visual search processes; (c) utilized logistic regression to analyze the developed model under various visual clutter. Conclusion. The effect of a strengthened working memory on the detection rate through increased search efficiency is more apparent in high visual clutter. This study confirms the role of visual clutter in construction-navigated inspections, thus serving as a foundation for the optimization of inspection planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chao Liao
- a Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University , China
| | - Xinlu Sun
- a Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University , China
| | - Mei Liu
- a Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University , China
| | - Yu-Nien Shih
- b Department of Land & Real Estate Management, Renmin University of China , China
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Krzepota J, Zwierko T, Puchalska-Niedbał L, Markiewicz M, Florkiewicz B, Lubiński W. The Efficiency of a Visual Skills Training Program on Visual Search Performance. J Hum Kinet 2015; 46:231-40. [PMID: 26240666 PMCID: PMC4519214 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an experiment in which we analyzed the possibilities to develop visual skills by specifically targeted training of visual search. The aim of our study was to investigate whether, for how long and to what extent a training program for visual functions could improve visual search. The study involved 24 healthy students from the Szczecin University who were divided into two groups: experimental (12) and control (12). In addition to regular sports and recreational activities of the curriculum, the subjects of the experimental group also participated in 8-week long training with visual functions, 3 times a week for 45 min. The Signal Test of the Vienna Test System was performed four times: before entering the study, after first 4 weeks of the experiment, immediately after its completion and 4 weeks after the study terminated. The results of this experiment proved that an 8-week long perceptual training program significantly differentiated the plot of visual detecting time. For the visual detecting time changes, the first factor, Group, was significant as a main effect (F(1,22)=6.49, p<0.05) as well as the second factor, Training (F(3,66)=5.06, p<0.01). The interaction between the two factors (Group vs. Training) of perceptual training was F(3,66)=6.82 (p<0.001). Similarly, for the number of correct reactions, there was a main effect of a Group factor (F(1,22)=23.40, p<0.001), a main effect of a Training factor (F(3,66)=11.60, p<0.001) and a significant interaction between factors (Group vs. Training) (F(3,66)=10.33, p<0.001). Our study suggests that 8-week training of visual functions can improve visual search performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Krzepota
- Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Teresa Zwierko
- Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Beata Florkiewicz
- Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lubiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Chuang KH, Jeng MC, Hsu CC, Doong JL, Lin CY, Lai CH. Differences in cognitive process-related skills between taxi and non-taxi drivers between 50 and 70 years old. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:100-22. [PMID: 25153742 DOI: 10.2466/22.24.pms.119c10z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated differences between 50- to 70-yr.-old taxi and non-taxi drivers with respect to cognitive process-related skills. Psychological indicators associated with perceptuomotor, attentional, and spatial memory recall abilities were collected for 173 taxi drivers (7 women, 166 men; M age = 57.5 yr.) and 175 non-taxi drivers (85 women, 90 men; M age = 58.2 yr.). The taxi drivers had shorter reaction times and motor times in response to stimuli in simple stimulus-response tasks. There was an age-related decline in monocular vision detection on both sides, processing speed for fovea stimuli, and higher-level cognition for drivers. Accordingly, the frontal visual information processing speed of the taxi drivers was superior to the non-taxi drivers, but a distinct age-related decline was observed for all drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan
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