1
|
Balint NT, Antohe BA, Uysal HS, Cristuță AM, Rață M. Relationship between Spinal Range of Motion and Functional Tests in University Students: The Role of Demographic Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1029. [PMID: 38786439 PMCID: PMC11121651 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal disorders are some of the most prevalent health concerns, especially among students. Based on student demographics, this cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation between functional tests (FTs) and spinal range of motion (ROM). This study included 206 students (age = 19.85 ± 1.80 years) from the Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău. Participants' assessments were conducted using the following tests: (i) Ott, (ii) Schober, (iii) Stibor, (iv) finger-to-floor distance, (v) lateral flexion of the cervical and lumbar spine, and (vi) flexion of the cervical spine. Correlation analyses were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicated a very strong relationship between lateral flexion of the lumbar spine on the left (LFLSL) and right (LFLSR) for all departments (r = 0.85 to 0.97, p < 0.05). There was a stronger relationship between FT results and spinal ROM for physical-education-department students compared to students from other departments (n = 17, r = -0.38 to 0.93, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between FTs and spinal ROM based on age (p > 0.05). The study results provide evidence of the primary risk factors that predispose students to postural deviations. Practitioners and physiotherapists can utilize these values as a reference for potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Tatiana Balint
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Antohe
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Huseyin Sahin Uysal
- Faculty of Sport Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15500 Burdur, Turkey;
| | - Alina Mihaela Cristuță
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marinela Rață
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Acar M, Erdil YZ, Ozcan C. Computer-aided ergonomic analysis of primary school furniture dimensions. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38014971 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2286909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the match level of school furniture with student dimensions and conduct a pilot study to examine practicality of a computer-aided ergonomic analysis software with a Motion Capture System (MoCap) for the purpose of improving school furniture design process in terms of determining optimum dimensions. The research involved measuring the anthropometric data of 218 voluntary primary school students in Mugla, Turkiye and the dimensions of the existing school desks they use. The compatibility between the students' anthropometry and the existing school desks were analysed by using reference equations. Computer-aided ergonomic analysis performed only for seat and desk height. Four virtual human model and ten different school desks in various dimensions were created and evaluated according to joint reaction forces and muscle activations in three different postures by using Anybody Modelling System (AMS). The results of compatibility level showed that there were significant incompatibilities between the students' anthropometry and the existing school desks, with 80% of seat heights and 96% of desk heights being too high. Overall, in order to assess the optimal school desk dimensions, ergonomic analyses provided data indicating reduced joint reaction forces and muscle activations within the musculoskeletal system for the seat and desk height dimensions determined using reference equations. Also, the findings from the ergonomic analysis revealed valuable information on how even minor dimensional modifications to school desks can affect the musculoskeletal system.Practitioner summary: The study examined the impact of simulating student-school desk matching in various sizes and postures within a virtual environment using computer-aided ergonomic analysis software. The analysis focused on specific local areas of the musculoskeletal system to determine optimum school desk dimensions. The results indicated that the software has a potential in facilitating school furniture design based on user's anthropometric measurements. However, a multidisciplinary team is required to make more detailed analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Acar
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkiye
| | - Yusuf Ziya Erdil
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkiye
| | - Can Ozcan
- Akro Engineering, CEO, Izmir, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang JJ, Shen LM. Analysis of sagittal spinal alignment at the adolescent age: for furniture design. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:1477-1493. [PMID: 36437772 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2152491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the parameters of the human spine is essential in designing ergonomic furniture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate spinal alignment in adolescents of various ages. The lengths, curvatures, and concave-convex spacings of the spine were investigated in 268 participants aged 9-18 years. Ten ages were classified, and the rate of increase of parameters was calculated for each age and age group. The results showed that spinal parameters, except for cervical lordosis, increased with age. Adolescents were classified as 9-10, 11-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years old. A rapid increment of lengths and concave-convex spacings occurred at ages 13-15, while that of curvatures occurred at ages 16-18. Spinal parameters differed significantly among the age groups (p < 0.05). Concave-convex spacings reflected differences in the spine more clearly than the other parameters. This study suggests the necessity of designing spine-related furniture based on spinal parameters, thus providing adaptive support for the adolescent spine, particularly the lumbar spine. Practitioner summary: This study examined spinal lengths, curvatures, and concave-convex spacings in adolescents aged 9-8 years and then divided them into four age groups. Concave-convex spacings effectively reflected spinal differences between age groups, particularly the lumbar spine. These results can inform the ergonomic design of spine-related furniture.HIGHLIGHTSSpinal parameters increased progressively between 9 and 18 years. Regression analysis showed good linear correlations between TK, LL, SK, TS, and LS with age.Age classification of adolescents was Group I (9-10 years), Group II (11-12 years), Group III (13-15 years), and Group IV (16-18 years). The rapid increment of lengths and concave-convex spacings were in Group III while that of curvatures were in Group IV.Concave-convex spacings were vital parameters to evaluate the global balance of the spine.The lumbar spine is an essential segment for characterizing spinal alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Fang
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ming Shen
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iliev B, Domljan D, Vlaović Z. Comparison of anthropometric dimensions of preschool children and chairs in kindergartens in North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Croatia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14483. [PMID: 36950637 PMCID: PMC10025900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mismatch the kindergarten furniture dimensions with the children's anthropometric, as well as the design of non-ergonomic kindergarten furniture, potentially affects inappropriate body positions, and thus potential low back pain when sitting in later human development. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric measurements of preschool children and compare them with the dimensions of the preschool chairs in kindergartens in North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Croatia, in order to perceive the current situation and suggest improving for kindergarten furniture design. 848 children in 27 kindergartens participated in the research. A total of 36 types of chairs was found and measured. Children's upper leg length, popliteal height and hip width were measured and compared with the three main chair functional dimensions according to the EN 1729-1:2015. The main value of this research is the comparative data obtained, which indicates that there is a significant difference between preschool chairs and children's dimensions in some groups, but that the results cannot be generalized since they refer to a specific kindergarten population. In reality, it will never be possible to satisfy all dimensions of children and furniture, primarily due to the existence of (too) tall and (too) short children in certain groups. A further recommendation is to introduce a systematic measurement of preschool children at the beginning of the new school year and thus harmonize their anthropometric dimensions with the furniture.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gutiérrez-Santiago A, Paramés-González A, Ayán C, José CD, Prieto-Lage I. The accuracy and reliability of three instruments used to assign school furniture. Work 2022; 73:729-737. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Students spend a high number of hours being seated while at school. In order to find the correct adjustment between school furniture and the anthropometric characteristics, specific knowledge and tools are necessary. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the measurers with different instruments, as well as contrast the differences between the values that were obtained by the different examiners. METHODS: Measurements were taken independently by one expert examiner and two inexperienced teachers from the school. They used a measuring tape, a segmometer and an anthropometer for the anthropometric measurements. The statistical tests conducted: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Bland and Altman method, Standard Error of Measurement, Technical Error of Measurement and relative TEM with a level of significance of ρ ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 108 students (8.87±1.67 years; 40.7% girls) participated in the study. The non-expert measurers had good accuracy and reliability, but they far exceeded the error percentages of the expert, obtaining the worst results in the shoulder measurement. The instrument with the lowest affinity between the inexperienced measurers was the anthropometer CONCLUSIONS: In order to assign furniture in the schools, the experts should continue using the anthropometer. The inexperienced measurers can use more accessible instruments in the school environment such as a measuring tape and segmometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Paramés-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán
- Well-Move Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Diz José
- Well-Move Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fidelis OP, Ogunlade B. Anthropometric perspective to classroom furniture ergonomics and the need for standards in Nigerian schools. Work 2022; 72:279-289. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Classroom furniture designs have been implicated in musculoskeletal disorders among school age persons due to high level mismatches between the furniture dimensions and users’ anthropometrics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze classroom furniture ergonomics at selected primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria and to understand if there are noticeable patterns in the match/mismatch. METHOD: Anthropometric measures relevant to furniture design were obtained from primary and secondary school children as well as from university undergraduates. The dimensions of classroom furniture available to the participants were also taken and an assessment of the suitability of the furniture was completed. RESULT: The ergonomic evaluation of the classroom furniture available to the study participants revealed enormous discrepancies between the furniture dimensions and the anthropometric measures of the users. In addition, a pattern was observed in the way the matches/mismatches occurred. The furniture dimensions that matched majority of the users tend to match across the three categories and those that did not match majority of the students, also followed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: The study presents remarkably high levels of mismatches between classroom furniture and users’ anthropometrics and therefore calls for a review of the policies for classroom furniture design in Nigeria, if at all any policy exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obinna P. Fidelis
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Bruin R, Castellucci HI. School Furniture and Anthropometric Fit, the Gap Between Theory and Practice. ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10648046211067290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Gutiérrez-Santiago A, Prieto-Lage I, Cancela-Carral JM, Paramés-González A. Validation of Two Instruments for the Correct Allocation of School Furniture in Secondary Schools to Prevent Back Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:20. [PMID: 35010278 PMCID: PMC8750475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain is common in secondary school students. If we adjust the school furniture to the anthropometric characteristics of the pupils, we will improve their posture and reduce back pain. There is a high degree of mismatch between the furniture used by students and that which should be used. The objectives of this research are to discover the degree of mismatch and validate two instruments that allow a correct allocation of the furniture. METHODS The selected sample was 132 secondary students (14.08 ± 1.10 years). An anthropometer was used to determine the ideal height of the chair and table; data were taken from body segments. The recorded values were compared with those obtained by the two measurement instruments to be validated. Inter-measurer and intra-measurer reliability and validation were performed using t-tests and Pearson's coefficient, respectively. Different analysis techniques were used: descriptive, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and effect size. The established level of significance was ρ < 0.05. RESULTS The mismatch between the anthropometric dimensions of the students and the existing furniture in the classrooms was 98.5 % for the chairs and 100 % for the tables. The correlational analysis of the instruments to be validated shows an r = 0.993 in the chair and r = 0.996 in the table. CONCLUSIONS There is a high degree of mismatch between the furniture and the anthropometric characteristics of the students. The proposed furniture allocation instruments are adequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Gutiérrez-Santiago
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| | | | - Adrián Paramés-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Satır B, Erdoğan FÇ. Comparison of classroom furniture to anthropometric measures of Turkish middle school students. Work 2021; 70:493-508. [PMID: 34633350 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The match between classroom furniture and students' anthropometry is an important factor in students' academic performance. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the ergonomic suitability of the classroom furniture to the students, and to propose design suggestions for both desks and chairs. METHODS We analyzed the ergonomics of classroom furniture that students aged 10-14 years old in Turkey currently use. To this end, we selected Maltepe Primary Education School, one of the largest schools in the Çankaya district of Turkey's capital city, Ankara, in which to conduct the study. A sample of 119 students was selected, and seven anthropometric measurements were taken for each of these students. We then calculated five relationships between the dimensions of the furniture and the students' anthropometric measures. RESULTS We observed high levels of mismatch rates, with an average of 66.6%and high values of over 95%for the relations of two furniture measures, seat depth (related with buttock-popliteal length) and seat-to-desk height (related with elbow height, sitting). Each anthropometric measure was applied a fit probability distribution, and based on those distributions; we suggested the most appropriate classroom furniture dimensions in order to maximize suitability of the furniture to the anthropometric measures in terms of fixed-size (i.e., non-adjustable) classroom furniture. CONCLUSIONS High mismatch rates can be reduced by 52.0%on average based on the classroom furniture dimensions suggested in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benhür Satır
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Araújo LGL, Rodrigues VP, Figueiredo IA, Medeiros MNL. Association between sitting posture on school furniture and spinal changes in adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:469-475. [PMID: 32841159 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association between sitting posture during the use of school furniture and changes in the spine in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 students. The sitting position on school furniture was collected five times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min). Postural alteration of the spine was identified by direct observation in front of a symmetograph. Screening for scoliosis was obtained by Adams test. Results The presence of the factor away from the table presented higher percentages at times 3, 6, 9, and 15 min (24.2, 25, 29.2, and 26.7%, respectively). At 12 min, the highest frequency was the presence of poorly positioned lower limbs (25.8%). Associations were observed between poor sitting posture with changes in head anteriorization and retroversion of the pelvis among women and with thoracic hyperkyphosis in men. Conclusions The findings suggest that there are sex-dependent associations between poor sitting posture during use of school furniture and spinal alterations in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucele G L Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Vandilson P Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ivan A Figueiredo
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Matanhão, Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Effect of School Design on Users’ Responses: A Systematic Review (2008–2017). SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review focused on the effect of the educational environment design on students’ and teachers’ performance, satisfaction, and wellbeing. Starting from a bulk of 1307 articles, a set of N = 68 empirical papers was selected and organized on the basis of four different content clusters, i.e., architectural building design and aesthetic features, indoor environmental features, classroom design, and school green spaces/outdoor spaces. From the analysis of research findings, the key role of pleasant, warm, and flexible learning environments emerged, for promoting both wellbeing and performance of users. More specifically, the presence of charming colors and pictures, ergonomic furniture, and adequate acoustic, thermal comfort, ventilation, and natural lighting have emerged as important features that school designers should care for. Furthermore, an integration of both indoor and outdoor learning situations showed to be effective for improving students’ learning and wellbeing.
Collapse
|
12
|
Adeyemi AJ, Lasisi OI, Ojile P, Abdulkadir M. The effect of furniture intervention on the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and academic performance of students in North-West Nigeria. Work 2019; 65:195-203. [PMID: 31868703 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch between classroom furniture and the students' anthropometry have been identified as a major cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among students. Such discomforts can affect students' performance. OBJECTIVE This paper is aimed at investigating the prevalence of MSDs and the effect of furniture intervention among students of tertiary institutions in Northwest Nigeria. METHODS The Cornell's MSD questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in twelve body regions of students aged between 16 and 25 years. Eleven students' anthropometric dimensions were also measured and used to compute the ergonomically compliant furniture dimensions for the participants. A new set of furniture was introduced, and the questionnaire was used to investigate if the intervention made was significant or not. The academic performance of some of the students before and after the intervention was analyzed using the t-test statistical technique. RESULT None of the furniture in use was suitable for the majority of the students. MSDs prevalence ranges from 14% to 67.3% among the body regions with the students reporting that low back pain is the most prevalent (67.3%), severe (19.4%) and interfering with their studies (15.8%). The intervention also reduced MSDs in all body regions except at the upper arm and the right side of the forearm. Only sitting, knee, and popliteal heights were significantly associated with MSD occurrence. There was also a significant improvement in the students' academic performance after the intervention (t = -3.239, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The limited success of the intervention is an indication of the need to carry out a more holistic intervention that incorporates other inputs such as continuous enlightenment and classroom facility design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola James Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Isa Lasisi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Paul Ojile
- Department of Architecture, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Muyideen Abdulkadir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Assiri A, Mahfouz AA, Awadalla NJ, Abolyazid AY, Shalaby M, Abogamal A, Alsabaani A, Riaz F. Classroom Furniture Mismatch and Back Pain Among Adolescent School-Children in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081395. [PMID: 31003399 PMCID: PMC6518290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the potential classroom furniture mismatch with students’ anthropometric measurements and back pain related to sitting for extended periods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on all twelve male and female intermediate and secondary schools located in Abha city. Anthropometric and classroom furniture measurements were assessed, and the mismatch was determined using standardized methods. Students were also screened for back pain related to long sitting at school. Results: A total number of 879 students was selected. The study revealed seat height mismatch in both intermediate, and secondary school of 84.3%, and 75.6%, respectively. Seat depth mismatch was 74.0% in intermediate schools and reached 84.5% in secondary schools. The desk height was improper for 94.1%, and 82.3% of students in intermediate, and secondary schools, respectively. The levels of mismatch differ significantly by grade level and gender. A prevalence of 10.8% of back pain related to long sitting at school was found. In multivariable logistic regression, males, intermediate school children, and the presence of buttock-popliteal length/seat depth mismatch were significantly associated with pain. On the other hand, practicing exercise was a significant protective factor. Conclusions: There is a prevalent mismatch between students’ dimensions and existing schools’ furniture. School furniture providers should take in consideration the average Saudi students’ dimensions, while designing school furniture especially for males, and at intermediate schools, or provide schools with adjustable seats and desks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Assiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Nabil J Awadalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Y Abolyazid
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Shalaby
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abogamal
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Riaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castellucci HI, Viviani CA, Molenbroek JFM, Arezes PM, Martínez M, Aparici V, Bragança S. Anthropometric characteristics of Chilean workers for ergonomic and design purposes. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:459-474. [PMID: 30457451 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1540725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining an appropriate match between a product and its end-users requires anthropometric data, which are typically outdated and show variations among different countries. Chile had its anthropometric data taken nearly 20 years ago, thus they are probably outdated. The purpose of this article is to describe some anthropometric characteristics of Chilean workers. An anthropometric survey involving 27 measures and five calculated body dimensions was conducted in 2016. The measurements were based on ISO 7250 and ISO 15535 to ensure the highest standards possible, and a total of 2946 workers, aged from 18 to 76 years old, participated in the survey. The results showed that Chilean workers have smaller dimensions than Dutch and US workers but have larger dimensions than South Koreans. The data presented in this article constitute the most up-to-date anthropometric dataset describing the dimensions of Chilean workers. Practitioner Summary: In Chile, women are smaller and weigh less than men, and both of these populations have high body mass index (BMIs). In addition, the Chilean population exhibits substantial differences compared with other international adult populations. The data presented in this article should be used as a reference when designing for Chilean workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Castellucci
- a Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - C A Viviani
- b Facultad de Ciencias , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Escuela de Kinesiología , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - J F M Molenbroek
- c School of Engineering of the University of Minho , ALGORITMI Centre , Guimarães , Portugal
| | - P M Arezes
- d Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Section Applied Ergonomics and Design , Delft University of Technology , CE Delft , the Netherlands
| | - M Martínez
- e Mutual de la Cámara Chilena de la Construcción , Santiago , Chile
| | - V Aparici
- f Carrera de Kinesiología, Escuela Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad de Viña del Mar , Viña del Mar , Chile
| | - S Bragança
- g Research Innovation and Enterprise Solent University , Southampton , UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dianat I, Molenbroek J, Castellucci HI. A review of the methodology and applications of anthropometry in ergonomics and product design. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1696-1720. [PMID: 30022717 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1502817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropometry is a key element of ergonomic studies for addressing the problem of fitting the tasks/products to user characteristics, but there is a gap between anthropometric data and their application for designing ergonomic products and environments. This research was conducted to review the literature on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products and environments, and to identify where further research is needed to improve its application and evaluation protocols. One hundred and sixteen papers meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Although a number of anthropometric investigations have been conducted to improve the design of products/environments for different users, further research seems to be necessary, particularly for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities. Different anthropometric measurement methods/techniques and fitting criteria are discussed regarding their applicability for various design applications. This review also highlights methodological issues (sampling considerations and prototype evaluation and testing) that should be considered in future research to ensure a user-centred approach of the design process. Practitioner Summary: A literature review was conducted on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products/environments. This review emphasises the need for anthropometric research to design for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and methodological issues that should be considered in future research. Abbreviations: 1D: one-dimensional; 2D: two-dimensional; 3D: three-dimensional; HF/E: Human Factors/Ergonomics; PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CA: Cluster Analysis; DHM: Digital Human Modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- a Department of Ergonomics, Faculty of Health , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Johan Molenbroek
- b Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Section Applied Ergonomics and Design , Delft University of Technology , Landbergstraat, the Netherlands
| | - Héctor Ignacio Castellucci
- c Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pade M, Liberman L, Sopher RS, Ratzon NZ. Pressure distributions on the chair seat and backrest correlate with handwriting outcomes of school children. Work 2018; 61:639-646. [PMID: 30475785 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postures while sitting are believed to have an important influence on the process of writing and quality of handwriting, but data in this field are sparse. OBJECTIVES The current study was undertaken to investigate correlations between 'ordinary' children's handwriting skills and their posture and stability while sitting. METHODS Twenty-nine children with typical development (age 9.2±0.8 years) underwent the Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation, while the pressure distributions on their seats and backrests were recorded using a pressure mapping system. RESULTS There was an increase in the odds of erasing and overwriting letters in dictation tasks when body displacements of the buttocks increased [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% CI 1.000-1.02, p = 0.050]. Children who did not lean on the backrest were more likely to have legible handwriting in copying tasks (OR = 0.136, 95% CI 0.026-0.723, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The awareness and involvement of health practitioners in sitting postures of children at school might promote activities such as writing. Further investigation of movement patterns while writing and of the correlations of these patterns with handwriting outcomes is recommended. More research regarding adjustments at the school environment for children with developmental disorders is also warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margalit Pade
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lihi Liberman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ran S Sopher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Navah Z Ratzon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bravo G, Bragança S, Arezes PM, Molenbroek JFM, Castellucci HI. A literature review of anthropometric studies of school students for ergonomics purposes: Are accuracy, precision and reliability being considered? Work 2018; 60:3-17. [PMID: 29843294 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite offering many benefits, direct manual anthropometric measurement method can be problematic due to their vulnerability to measurement errors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this literature review was to determine, whether or not the currently published anthropometric studies of school children, related to ergonomics, mentioned or evaluated the variables precision, reliability or accuracy in the direct manual measurement method. METHODS Two bibliographic databases, and the bibliographic references of all the selected papers were used for finding relevant published papers in the fields considered in this study. RESULTS Forty-six (46) studies met the criteria previously defined for this literature review. However, only ten (10) studies mentioned at least one of the analyzed variables, and none has evaluated all of them. Only reliability was assessed by three papers. Moreover, in what regards the factors that affect precision, reliability and accuracy, the reviewed papers presented large differences. This was particularly clear in the instruments used for the measurements, which were not consistent throughout the studies. Additionally, it was also clear that there was a lack of information regarding the evaluators' training and procedures for anthropometric data collection, which are assumed to be the most important issues that affect precision, reliability and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of the literature, it was possible to conclude that the considered anthropometric studies had not focused their attention to the analysis of precision, reliability and accuracy of the manual measurement methods. Hence, and with the aim of avoiding measurement errors and misleading data, anthropometric studies should put more efforts and care on testing measurement error and defining the procedures used to collect anthropometric data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile
| | - S Bragança
- Research and Innovation, Southampton Solent University, UK
| | - P M Arezes
- ALGORITMI Centre, School of Engineering of the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J F M Molenbroek
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Section Applied Ergonomics and Design, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H I Castellucci
- Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|